Perception Of Situation Research Articles

Which diversity factors influence the attribution of competences and co-operation in nursing teams?

Abstract Background Diversity within nursing teams increases due to staff shortages in Germany, nurse migration and the current academization of the profession. Quality of patient care is associated with intraprofessional teamwork. Little is known about how nurse’s own diversity factors and those of team members impact nurse’s perception and behavior in team situations. Methods A quasi-experimental, cross-sectional study with a factorial online survey with fictional case studies (vignettes) was conducted in two German hospital operators in 2023. Nurses of legal age working in hospitals or nursing homes were eligible to participate. Associations of diversity factors, i.e., gender, age, migration background, and qualification, on the participant and vignette level on perceived competences and willingness to cooperate were preliminary analyzed via multi-level fixed effects models in SPSS. Results N = 684 nurses participated (76% female; mean age: 44.2 years; 88% born in Germany; 75% completed vocational training). Competency of team members in patient’s personal hygiene was rated higher by respondents born in Germany (.36), when fictional colleagues were of middle age (.06) compared to higher age and were from Germany (.22) or France (.08) compared to China. Competency in inserting infusions was rated higher by respondents born in Germany (.56), when fictional colleagues were from Germany (.29) or France (.20) compared to China and when one worked together for months compared to days (-.39). Willingness to swap shifts was affected by the fictional length of collaboration (-.08). All significance levels were p<.02. Conclusions How nurses perceive their colleagues’ competences is mainly influenced by their own and the other’s migration background, while willingness to cooperate is only affected by length of collaboration. Improving the onboarding process of new nurses in teams, and providing the time and space for professional exchange might improve mutual trust and teamwork. Key messages • Diversity in German nursing teams increases due to nurse migration and plurality of qualifications. • Facilitating professional exchange about individual competences might improve team work in nurses.

Consistency in Subjective Judgments of Service Vehicle Type Based On Vehicle and Flashing Light Colors

The present study focused on the consistency in perceiving the intended function of a simulated service vehicle when its color, the color of its flashing lights, and its flashing light pattern varied. Tests were conducted during the day and at night. Participants driving along a test track were presented with a red or yellow vehicle equipped with either red or yellow flashing lights. Although driving speed differed only between ambient lighting conditions (daytime and nighttime), consistency in the participants’ perceptions of the simulated situation (emergency or nonemergency) was higher when the color of the vehicle was the same as the flashing lights. Ambient lighting conditions also significantly influenced participants’ judgments of each situation because the color of the vehicle was more apparent during the day than during the night with only headlight illumination on the vehicle. The flash pattern (faster or slower) had a negligible impact on participants’ perception of the simulated situation. These results reinforce previous findings that coordinating the colors of the flashing lights and the vehicle better informs drivers about the situations they encounter along the road, improving the safety of emergency responders and other service workers.

Критериальное поле и диагностические инструменты определения эмоционального благополучия детей дошкольного возраста в семье и образовательной организации

<p>The article is devoted to the important problem of identification of the emotional well-being of preschool children in the family and educational organization. Basing on the analysis of existing approaches to this problem in Russian psychological and pedagogical science, the authors have identified the criteria field of the concept of "emotional well-being", which is a complex level structure of interrelated criteria and indicators: emotional background (manifestation of emotions), the ability to control emotions (emotional stability) and emotional perception of situations (emotional attitude to situations and events). Such manifestations in the behavior and activities of a child, depending on the conditions of his life in a family or educational organization, are negative or positive. The complexity of the concept of "emotional well-being" and the criteria field of its identification in childhood requires an integrated approach to the development of diagnostic tools. The authors announced a developed set of diagnostic tools, which includes methods that allow to record external indicators of the emotional state of a child, to identify the child's internal emotional attitude to current or predicted events, as well as to obtain an external indirect assessment of the child's subjective state and the child's subjective attitude to situations in the family and educational organization. It is noted that the announced methods can be used in the practice of preschool education in order to support psychological and pedagogical development of preschool children including various target groups, as well as in the targeted psychological assistance of families with preschool children.</p>

„Naprosté vzdálení“ u Jindřicha Chalupeckého

Jindřich Chalupecký (1910–1990) made a name for himself in the second half of the 20th century not only by popularising foreign artistic tendencies in Czechoslovakia, but also by his specific idea of the position of Czech (and to a lesser extent Slovak) art in the world. This conception was not solely prompted by the specific cultural situation during the period of state socialism, but can be found already in Chalupecký’s early texts. In the 1930s, as a young critic, he reflected on the relationship between the local and international avant-garde. In the second half of the 1940s, i.e. during the period of the so-called Third Republic, he became involved in the contemporary debate on the East-West relationship. The synthesis of both themes contributed to Chalupecký’s later (unrealistic) belief in the unique position of Czech art in a global context. Chalupecký’s conception of the place of Czech art in the world was not based on an ideologized opposition to the socialist state, but rather on a geographically conditioned perception of the cultural situation in Central Europe. It can also be seen as an early and very distinctive variant of later discussions on the relationship between cultural centres and peripheries.

A Study of Psychological Features in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

There is a lack of multidisciplinary studies examining the link between psychological factors and glycemic control in individuals with chronic illnesses. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between psychological factors such as resilience, perceived stress, emotional regulation, aggressiveness, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Additionally, the study seeks to determine the predictive value of perceived stress and resilience on HbA1c levels and to explore the role of anger expression and emotion regulation strategies in glycemic control, comparing diabetic patients to healthy controls. The study was conducted between November 2021 and November 2023 at the Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases at the St. George University Hospital, Bulgaria, and the Department of Science and Research at the Medical University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Of these 84 individuals were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, divided into two groups of 42 individuals each, who had poor and fair glycated hemoglobin. The third group was a healthy control consisting of 42 individuals in the same age group who had no established chronic diseases. When comparing the study groups on HbA1c and individual psychological characteristics, there were statistically significant differences in resilience, perceived stress, emotion regulation suppression, and anger expression. When comparing the mean values of mental resilience with glycated hemoglobin levels, we find that there are statistically significantly higher mean values between the poor HbA1c control and the healthy group. From the regression analysis, we conclude that the psychological characteristics positively associated with perceived stress (β=0.502; p<0.001) and inversely associated with mental resilience (β=-0.359; p<0.001) are the most predictive. Less influential was the straight correlation with emotion regulation-expressive inhibition (β=0.226; p<0.05), the positive correlation with anger (β=0.170; p<0.001), and general aggressiveness (β=0.151; p<0.05). From the present study, we note that glycated hemoglobin level is strongly influenced by two psychological predictors, namely subjective perception of stressful situations and resilience level.

Existential injustice in phenomenological psychopathology

ABSTRACT In this article, we investigate how distressing background feelings can be subject to social injustice. We define background feelings as enduring feeling states that condition our perceptions of everyday situations, interpersonal dynamics, and the broader social milieu. While phenomenological psychopathology has long addressed such affective phenomena, including anxiety, guilt, and feelings of not belonging, the intersection with social injustice remains largely unexplored within the framework. To address this gap, we introduce the concept of existential injustice into phenomenological psychopathology. Existential injustice pertains to the unjust formation, perpetuation, and treatment of background feelings. We contend that distressing alterations in these feeling states can stem from, or be perpetuated by, unjust social structures and practices. Existential injustice manifests as a felt inadequacy of one’s background feelings, reflecting broader societal disparities and inequities. Drawing on themes from social psychiatry, we illustrate the utility and explanatory power of the concept through two concrete examples. By shedding light on the ways in which societal dynamics shape distressing affective experiences our analysis underscores the importance of integrating aspects of social injustice into the study of affective phenomena in phenomenological psychopathology.

Predicting Health Misperceptions: The Role of eHealth Literacy and Situational Perceptions

ABSTRACT This study sought to understand how health misperceptions develop among individuals after exposure to misinformation messages, and how eHealth literacy and situational motivation in problem solving are associated with the negative effects of misinformation exposure. We also sought to understand the differentiated effects of misinformation exposure on the four misinformation-susceptible publics. Results from two studies revealed that situational motivation was positively associated with the formation of misperceptions after misinformation exposure as well as individuals’ likelihood of amplifying the misinformation message. However, eHealth literacy does not reduce misperceptions, as had been hypothesized. In fact, eHealth literacy was not significantly associated with misperceptions or with misinformation amplification likelihood. Results also provide support for the typology of misinformation-susceptible publics as misinformation-amplifying publics were the most susceptible to misinformation messages.

Analysis about radiation risk perception among university students from San Carlos de Bariloche and radiological protection experts from Argentina

Radiation risk perception must be studied by communication and radiological protection specialists, taking account of engineering, social and cultural variables. An anonymous and voluntary survey was peformed to enquire about the radiation risk perception among university students and radiological protection experts from Argentina, and to become aware of how it is perceived compared to other health risks. A fifteen-question dedicated questionnaire was designed including socio-demographic variables and questions about work environment, risk perception and risk communication. A five-point Likert-type scale was used for most of the questions. Surveyed people were asked to compare radiological risks in medicine with other risks (i.e.: smoking, sports, leisure activities, stress). The research involved 10 (38.5%) experts, 25 (45%) physics and engineering students and 40 (100%) bio-images production bachelor students. The results were analysed based on the professional or academic background. Although participants considered the radiation exposure in medicine as a low-risk activity, the results showed a disagreement about the radiation risk perception in particular situations (i.e.: living near a nuclear power plant, training in radiological protection while at college) and about radiation risk communication strategies. There is neither right nor wrong risk perception; however, a lot of work must be done to build an agreement between radiological risk perception and risk assessment due to radiation exposure in medicine. It should include working on the design of public policies focused on radiological protection training for health staff and clinical research training for medical physicists and radiological protection specialists, while strengthening communication skills and channels.

Antecedents of physical sickness presenteeism during the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT Physical sickness presenteeism––the behaviour of going to work despite being ill––constitutes a threat to organizations because it puts the health of their members at risk. Herein, we shed light on potential antecedents of physical sickness presenteeism during COVID-19. Specifically, we test several pre-registered hypotheses suggesting relations of (inter-individual) personality dimensions (e.g. Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, Empathy) and COVID-19-related situational perceptions (e.g. Perceived Risk, Trust in Government) with physical sickness presenteeism. To test our hypotheses, we use both panel (N = 660) and cross-sectional (N = 1,959) survey data collected between mid-2020 and early 2021 in Denmark. Results from logistic random effects regression analyses show that individuals with higher levels of Emotionality engaged more often in physical sickness presenteeism. Further, individuals with higher levels of Honesty-Humility engaged less often in physical sickness presenteeism in times with COVID-19-related workplace restrictions. In general, the findings provide insights into what organizations and policy makers should focus on in order to mitigate physical sickness presenteeism in pandemic times.

Affective evaluation and exposure perception of everyday mobile phone usage situations.

To understand citizens' reactions to the 5G rollout, their affective reaction and perception of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) exposure are of interest. Although precursor studies on 2G-4G have investigated exposure perception mostly quantitatively, the present study applied a qualitative exploratory approach. A number of 35 individual interviews and 6 focus groups with the same participants were conducted in December 2022. Participants were recruited from several locations in Germany, where 5G rollout was at different stages. Interactive tasks, particularly an affective evaluation task and a ranking task, encouraged participants to consider their affect regarding mobile communications and their exposure perception. This approach allowed the participants to first engage with the topic of mobile communications/5G in an intuitive way, before talking about their specific beliefs on RF-EMF exposure. Several pictures showing a person (1) interacting with a mobile phone, (2) surrounded by other peoples' mobile phones, or (3) in the vicinity of mobile phone base stations (antennas) were used as stimulus materials. Data were analyzed using an exploratory content analysis. In the affective evaluation task participants revealed more negative associations with base stations than with mobile phones. The analysis showed that the reasons for their evaluation were very diverse, whereby exposure to RF-EMF only played a subordinate role. Further, the ranking task indicated that most participants (n=20) felt more exposed from base stations than from mobile devices. Results are mostly in-line with the literature on 2G-4G and do not indicate a substantially different exposure perception for 5G.

Psychological Resources of Resilience in a Crisis Situation: Transformations of the Value-semantic Sphere of Students Living in a Zone of Local Military Conflict

This article substantiates the impact of the crisis situation on the actualization and development of personal resources and coping with a difficult life situation. Using the example of students living in a local military conflict zone, it is shown that value-semantic resources (psychological resources of stability) in a crisis situation can transform and manifest themselves at the level of reducing the level of meaningfulness of life, value basis and existential fulfillment of life, reducing the degree of emotional response to current events. A crisis situation for a person, on the one hand, can become a source of disintegration in the perception of events of the past, present and future; loss of meaningfulness of life and devaluation of past experience; on the other hand, it can result in subjective well–being if a person works with a psychoemotional state (that includes working with fear and anxiety; perception of a difficult life situation as a challenge and finding new ones personal meanings); works with goals (building an image of the future in the short term), and if a person is rethinking and updating new personal meanings. According to the results of our research, goal-setting and building an image of the future are interrelated with the ability of the subject to be more open to emotional experiences, to show willingness to work with negative emotions (the “Self-Transcendence” scale); to actualize his personal potential (the “Personality” scale). The following empirical methods were used: Test of life-meaning orientations. SJO (J. Crumbo, L. Maholik in adaptation by D. A. Leontyev); Test of research into the real structure of a person’s value orientations (S.S. Bubnova); Methodology for diagnosing the subjective well-being of an individual (Shamionov R.M., Beskova T.V.); «The scale of existence» (Existenzskala) by A. Langle and K. Orgler (adapted by I. N. Mainina and A. Yu. Vasanov).

Sociopsychological aspects of adaptation of Foreign Students in the conditions of Educational Migration

Introduction. In modern society, the issues of social adaptation of students in higher education institutions are becoming more and more relevant and significant. Entering the environment of a higher education institution is a complex and multifaceted process that requires students to adapt to new conditions. That is why the study of socio-psychological aspects of adaptation of foreign students in Russian universities is an important direction for the scientific field. In the framework of our study we considered theoretical aspects of social adaptation of international students, the problems they have to face, as well as students’ attitudes towards their studies and chosen specialty.Objective. Analyze the sociopsychological aspects of adaptation of foreign students in the conditions of educational migration.Materials and Methods. In this study, a survey method was applied: questionnaires and interviews. During the application of the stated methods, it is possible to identify the personal characteristics of educational migrants, to familiarize with the specifics of perception of difficult life situations by young people prone to experience, and to obtain information about the general satisfaction and dissatisfaction of educational migrants with educational activities and self-assessments of their performance in the course of social adaptation.Results. The study involved 136 international students aged 18–25 years. During the course of the study, data on the prevalence of various barriers in the adaptation process were obtained by the survey method. They show that the greatest significance and difficulty for foreign students were first of all the problems related to language communication, the lack of knowledge of the Russian language. Accordingly, it involved the formation of problems with studies and worries related to the realization and well-being. Insufficient preparation of students for new conditions of the educational process can lead to stress, disorientation, and low motivation.Discussion. As a result of the study, it can be concluded that sociopsychological aspects play an important role in the adaptation of educational migrants to new conditions and culture, which requires special attention and support from educational and social institutions.

Maladaptive daydreaming as emotion regulation strategy: exploring the association with emotion regulation, psychological symptoms, and negative problem-solving orientation

Maladaptive Daydreaming (MD) is a dysfunctional mental activity characterized by an excessive immersion in fantasy, whose function is being increasingly discussed and investigated. Accordingly, this study aims to examine its function as an emotion regulation strategy among MDers by evaluating the pattern of associations among MD, emotion regulation (ER) difficulties, anxiety, depression, stress symptoms, and negative problem-solving orientation. The mediating role of MD level in the association between difficulties in ER and both the psychological distress variables and negative problem-solving orientation was evaluated. N = 252 MDers, aged 18–70 years (Mage = 30.63, SD = 11.40, 84.1% females), participated in the study and completed self-report measures. Some unexpected results emerged: among difficulties in ER’s dimensions, only lack of emotional self-awareness negatively and significantly associated with all symptom variables; solely difficulty pursuing goals when experiencing negative emotions and reduced trust in one’s capacity to self-regulate positively and significantly correlated with MD. MD negatively correlated with depression, anxiety, and negative problem-solving orientation. Three mediation models showed the mediating role of MD in reducing the negative effect of difficulty pursuing goals when experiencing negative emotions on both anxiety and negative problem-solving orientation and of trust in one’s capacity to self-regulate on negative problem-solving orientation. Overall, findings seem to point to functional peculiarities among MDers and support the view of MD as an emotion regulation strategy allowing the management and reduction of negative emotions and negative perceptions of problem situations. Notwithstanding, further research evaluating the potential moderating role of MD-specific fantasies is warranted. Unexpected findings are discussed.

The Stylistic Nature of the Theory of Foregrounding in the Literary Text

The theory of foregrounding plays an integral part in the way a reader perceives and decodes linguistic expression, whereas construal process allows for dynamic categorization and portrayal of a situation with the help of a big diversity of linguistic means. By means of classification of construing phenomena, scholars identified key dimensions such as attention, judgment, perspective and constitution, elucidating intricate mechanisms of comprehension and expression of language. The article touches on two types of saliencies in cognitive linguistics such as cognitive and ontological salience. It also underscores Langacker’s notion of “entrenchment” and investigates the concepts of communicative salience, gearing towards profiling and trajectory / landmark alignment to set forth how attention is directed in linguistic expressions. The article examines the theory of foregrounding in cognitive linguistics and its correlation with construal operation. It sheds light on how language shapers perception and categorization of situation, participants and their features through a wide range of construal phenomenon. The article dives into various classifications and subcategories of construal phenomenon, highlighting the way attention, judgment, perspective and constitution play a part in language input and output. The article sets forth complex interplay of language, cognitive operations and salience, in particular within the framework of cognitive linguistics. The article investigates how language means and structures contribute to the foregrounding of prominent conceptual elements and decoding scenes and situations. The scientific work explores a wide range of notions of salience in literary analysis, primarily focusing on Leech and Short’s concepts of literary relevance, psychological prominence and statistical deviance. The article delves into the way these notions cooperate with one another and contribute to subjective recognition of style in literary texts. Moreover, it explores the role of figure and ground in the theory of foregrounding emphasizing how original and striking linguistic means, or “figures” stand out from conventional linguistic elements, aka. “ground” contributing to actualization and creative presentation of the world in literature. Overall, the scientific article emphasizes dynamic process of stylistic analysis and the function of literature in presenting the world in a novel and creative manner.

Sytuacje trudne oraz sposoby radzenia sobie z nimi przez uczniów w szóstym i siódmym roku nauki

The article brings an answer to the question of which situations students perceive as difficult and which coping strategies they rely on. The study, consisting of two surveys, was carried out in the school year 2021/2022 and was conducted in 22 classes in the sixth and seventh years. Teams were drawn from all such classes in state primary schools in one lager city. The questionnaire How Do You Cope by Zygfryd Juczyński and Nina Ogińska-Bulik was used for the diagnosis. Analysis of the results shows that girls and boys differ in their perception of difficult situations. In the girls’ group, both in the first and second survey, problems in relations with peers were indicated most frequently, and those concerning family relations were mentioned somewhat less frequently. Boys, however, most frequently indicated that difficult situations are those that concerned school. The second most frequently mentioned ones were difficulties in relationships with peers. Irrespective of the type of situation indicated by the respondents as difficult, the strategy consisting in seeking support was used least frequently and a focus on emotions was used most frequently.

Automatic Perception of Typical Abnormal Situations in Cage-Reared Ducks Using Computer Vision.

Overturning and death are common abnormalities in cage-reared ducks. To achieve timely and accurate detection, this study focused on 10-day-old cage-reared ducks, which are prone to these conditions, and established prior data on such situations. Using the original YOLOv8 as the base network, multiple GAM attention mechanisms were embedded into the feature fusion part (neck) to enhance the network's focus on the abnormal regions in images of cage-reared ducks. Additionally, the Wise-IoU loss function replaced the CIoU loss function by employing a dynamic non-monotonic focusing mechanism to balance the data samples and mitigate excessive penalties from geometric parameters in the model. The image brightness was adjusted by factors of 0.85 and 1.25, and mainstream object-detection algorithms were adopted to test and compare the generalization and performance of the proposed method. Based on six key points around the head, beak, chest, tail, left foot, and right foot of cage-reared ducks, the body structure of the abnormal ducks was refined. Accurate estimation of the overturning and dead postures was achieved using the HRNet-48. The results demonstrated that the proposed method accurately recognized these states, achieving a mean Average Precision (mAP) value of 0.924, which was 1.65% higher than that of the original YOLOv8. The method effectively addressed the recognition interference caused by lighting differences, and exhibited an excellent generalization ability and comprehensive detection performance. Furthermore, the proposed abnormal cage-reared duck pose-estimation model achieved an Object Key point Similarity (OKS) value of 0.921, with a single-frame processing time of 0.528 s, accurately detecting multiple key points of the abnormal cage-reared duck bodies and generating correct posture expressions.

The Theory of Projection

Abstract Whitehead’s process philosophy offers a wide range of speculatively generalized concepts that allow for an application in transdisciplinary research. The notion of projection is an often-overlooked detail of his philosophy that not only appears in his far-reaching theory of perception, but also constitutes an integral part of his theory of extension as the formal foundation of his metaphysical project. His perceptive theory relies on the idea of projection as the fundamental ontological relationship that lifts the past into the present. Projections of sensa describe one side of the ‘double-barreled’ theory of perception and the spatial relations of the contemporary world. The microscopic projection is just as fundamental for perception and for the integrity of a relational theory of becoming, as the perceptual projection is necessary ingredient for symbolic modes of experience. The simple projection in the mode of presentational immediacy is the basis of temporary stability of events and of any perceptual situation in the biological realm. Whitehead was aware of the possible misconceptions that this term might lead to. Discussing his remarks on the hierarchical variety of different modes of projection can resolve those misconceptions and throw a new light on the importance of projection for interdisciplinary inquiries.

Current status and prospects of research on safety situation awareness of high speed railway operation environment

PurposeThe safety of high-speed rail operation environments is an important guarantee for the safe operation of high-speed rail. The operating environment of the high-speed rail is complex, and the main factors affecting the safety of high-speed rail operating environment include meteorological disasters, perimeter intrusion and external environmental hazards. The purpose of the paper is to elaborate on the current research status and team research progress on the perception of safety situation in high-speed rail operation environment and to propose directions for further research in the future.Design/methodology/approachIn terms of the mechanism and spatio-temporal evolution law of the main influencing factors on the safety of high-speed rail operation environments, the research status is elaborated, and the latest research progress and achievements of the team are introduced. This paper elaborates on the research status and introduces the latest research progress and achievements of the team in terms of meteorological, perimeter and external environmental situation perception methods for high-speed rail operation.FindingsBased on the technical route of “situational awareness evaluation warning active control,” a technical system for monitoring the safety of high-speed train operation environments has been formed. Relevant theoretical and technical research and application have been carried out around the impact of meteorological disasters, perimeter intrusion and the external environment on high-speed rail safety. These works strongly support the improvement of China’s railway environmental safety guarantee technology.Originality/valueWith the operation of CR450 high-speed trains with a speed of 400 km per hour and the application of high-speed train autonomous driving technology in the future, new and higher requirements have been put forward for the safety of high-speed rail operation environments. The following five aspects of work are urgently needed: (1) Research the single factor disaster mechanism of wind, rain, snow, lightning, etc. for high-speed railways with a speed of 400 kms per hour, and based on this, study the evolution characteristics of multiple safety factors and the correlation between the high-speed driving safety environment, revealing the coupling disaster mechanism of multiple influencing factors; (2) Research covers multi-source data fusion methods and associated features such as disaster monitoring data, meteorological information, route characteristics and terrain and landforms, studying the spatio-temporal evolution laws of meteorological disasters, perimeter intrusions and external environmental hazards; (3) In terms of meteorological disaster situation awareness, research high-precision prediction methods for meteorological information time series along high-speed rail lines and study the realization of small-scale real-time dynamic and accurate prediction of meteorological disasters along high-speed rail lines; (4) In terms of perimeter intrusion, research a multi-modal fusion perception method for typical scenarios of high-speed rail operation in all time, all weather and all coverage and combine artificial intelligence technology to achieve comprehensive and accurate perception of perimeter security risks along the high-speed rail line and (5) In terms of external environment, based on the existing general network framework for change detection, we will carry out research on change detection and algorithms in the surrounding environment of high-speed rail.

Physicians, pharmacists and take-home naloxone: What practices? The SINFONI study

For several years, both the French Addictovigilance Network and French health authorities have consistently emphasized the need to provide opioid users with take-home naloxone (THN), the specific antidote for opioid overdoses. In March 2022, the French Health Authority recommended systematically assessing the appropriateness of prescribing THN to all opioid users, regardless of the context, and identified 8 high-risk situations. However, at present, THN distribution remains limited, particularly among primary care healthcare professionals. This study, conducted by the Pays de la Loire Centre for Evaluation and Information on Drug Dependence-Addictovigilance and supported by the Regional Health Agency, aims to explore healthcare professionals' practices and perceptions of these high-risk situations. An ad-hoc questionnaire was distributed via mail by the project's regional institutional partners to the target healthcare professionals: pharmacists, general practitioners (GPs), physicians practicing in specialities other than general medicine (SPs: algologists, psychiatrists and addictologists). It was completed online from 20/10/2022 to 30/12/2022. Out of the 355 participants (158 pharmacists, 167 GPs and 30 SPs), nearly all were managing patients on opioids. In total, 47.7% of physicians and 27.8% of pharmacists reported experiencing difficulties in dealing with the risk of overdose when prescribing or dispensing opioids to their patients. In the 12months preceding the study, only 8 pharmacists and 34 physicians had prescribed/dispensed THN, primarily due to a lack of awareness of its existence (52% of pharmacists and 72% of physicians) and challenges in addressing the eight overdose risk situations listed by the HAS (ranging from 54% to 83% for all professionals). The best-trained healthcare professionals were those who prescribed the most THN (P<0.001). The identification of barriers related to THN distribution in the regional SINFONI study, conducted among primary care healthcare professionals managing patients on opioids, highlights the need to develop a training tool specifically tailored for these professionals.

Contributions of the qualitative Qualicor study embedded in a cohort study on the circumstances of SARS-CoV 2 infection in France

ObjectivesThis study aims to understand a major result of ComCor, an online epidemiological study conducted to identify the circumstances of COVID-19 infection in France from 2020 to 2022: One third of respondents reported ignoring the circumstances of their infection. MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study through semi-structured interviews, diagnosed in spring or summer 2021. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed. ResultsFifty interviews were conducted. Half of the participants in Qualicor were able to identify several at-risk situations, most often involving their entourage (family, friends, colleagues), but were uncertain as to which specific situation was the source of infection. Less than one quarter strongly suspected a specific situation without certainty, a similar proportion were unable to identify any circumstances, and only two people were certain about the origin of the infection. Several factors contributed to this lack of knowledge: a desire to conceal these circumstances (in a few rare cases), limitations of the questionnaire, lack of knowledge about how the virus is transmitted, selective perception of at-risk situations, co-existence of several possible sources of infection, and the difficulty of taking an objective view of certain circumstances of transmission. ConclusionOur study shows the benefits of a mixed approach designed to better understand the perception of Covid 19 contamination circumstances in the French population. It also highlights the need to strengthen or improve communication on modes of virus transmission, especially airborne transmission, and the importance of maintaining certain preventive behaviors after vaccination.