Safety Risk Perception Research Articles

COVID-19 related negative emotions and emotional suppression are associated with greater risk perceptions among emergency nurses: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundAs the COVID-19 pandemic began, frontline nurses experienced many emotions as they faced risks relevant to both patients (e.g., making errors resulting in patient harm) and themselves (e.g., becoming infected with COVID-19). Although emotions are often neglected in the patient safety literature, research in affective science suggests that emotions may significantly impact nurses’ perceptions of risk, which can have downstream consequences. Further, the use of chronic emotion regulation strategies that are known to differ in adaptability and effectiveness (i.e., emotional suppression, reappraisal) can impact risk perceptions. ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between nurses’ emotional experiences in response to the pandemic and their estimates of how likely they would be to experience adverse outcomes related to both patients and themselves within the next six months. Additionally, we investigated the extent to which the use of suppression and reappraisal processes to manage emotions are associated with these risk perceptions. DesignCross-sectional survey. SettingOnline survey distributed via email to emergency nurses at eight hospitals in the northeastern United States during fall 2020. Participants132 emergency nurses (Mage = 37.05; 81.1% Female; 89.4% White). MethodsNurses reported the extent to which they experienced a variety of positive (e.g., hope, optimism) and negative (e.g., fear, sadness) emotions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and reported their perceptions of risk to both patients and themselves. Nurses also completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, a measure of chronic tendencies to engage in emotional suppression and reappraisal. Immediately prior to providing data for this study, nurses completed an unrelated decision-making study. ResultsNurses’ negative emotions in response to COVID-19 were associated with greater perceptions of both patient safety risks (b = 0.31, p < .001) and personal risks (b = 0.34, p < .001). The relationships between positive emotions and risk perceptions were not statistically significant (all p values > 0.66). Greater chronic tendencies to suppress emotions uniquely predicted greater perceptions of patient safety risks (b = 2.91, p = .036) and personal risks (b = 2.87, p = .040) among nurses; however, no statistically significant relationships with reappraisal emerged (all p values > 0.16). ConclusionsUnderstanding factors that influence perceptions of risk are important, given that these perceptions can motivate behaviours that may adversely impact patient safety. Such an understanding is essential to inform the development of interventions to mitigate threats to patient safety that emerge from nurses’ negative emotional experiences and their use of different emotion regulation strategies. Tweetable abstractCovid-related negative emotions and emotional suppression are associated with greater patient and personal risk perceptions among emergency nurses @lindamisbell @Nathan_Huff_1

전동킥보드 공유 플랫폼의 서비스 품질이 소비자의 기술수용에 미치는 영향

The electric scooter (e-scooter), categorized as a form of micromobility, is a powered standup scooter that commonly uses an electric motor. With recent technological development, e-scooter gained worldwide popularity especially after operating as sharing services. E-scooter sharing service in Korea was launched in 2018 and the market has expanded dramatically over the last 4 years. However, academic literature has been unable to keep pace with the sudden rate of change in the e-scooter sharing industry. Therefore, this study aims to explore how e-scooter sharing service quality affects consumer perceived use experience that in turn influences consumer’s attitude and consequent continued usage intention. The extended technology acceptance model (TAM) is adopted to understand consumer’s new type of sharing service adoption behavior from a service quality perspective. The new type of online to offline service quality measurement framework, which has a theoretical basis on SERVQUAL and modified to a micromobility sharing context, is utilized and integrated with TAM to predict consumer’s mobile platform service quality perception on the e-scooter sharing services. Moreover, consumer safety risk perception of e-scooter sharing service is included in this research. The results strongly support the traditional relationships among TAM variables, in which perceived ease of use and usefulness had positive association with consumer attitude and continuance intention. Also, positive influences of service quality on perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and consumer satisfaction were demonstrated. Also, negative effects of perceived safety risk on consumer attitude, satisfaction and continuance intention were observed. Implications for further research and recommendations for stakeholders are discussed to promote this sustainable micromobility sharing option.

A Review: The Safety Risk Perception of the Workplace

Security is still an important issue in the workplace, and many scholars' security models contain variables such as security risk and security risk perception. Different levels of awareness and perception of security risks will lead to different safety behaviors of employees. This paper combs the research of global scholars on employees' safety risk perception over the past half century, mainly summarizes the concept, antecedent variables and outcome variables of safety risk perception. Based on JD-R (work resource demand) theory and risk aversion theory, it straightens out the logical relationship between safety risk perception and safety behavior, and builds a basic platform for future research.

A Review of the Challenges Facing Global Commercialization of the Artificial Meat Industry.

The sustained growth of global meat consumption incentivized the development of the meat substitute industry. However, long-term global commercialization of meat substitutes faces challenges that arise from technological innovation, limited consumer awareness, and an imperfect regulatory environment. Many important questions require urgent answers. This paper presents a review of issues affecting meat substitute manufacturing and marketing, and helps to bridge important gaps which appear in the literature. To date, global research on meat substitutes focuses mainly on technology enhancement, cost reduction, and commercialization with a few studies focused on a regulatory perspective. Furthermore, the studies on meat substitute effects on environmental pollution reduction, safety, and ethical risk perception are particularly important. A review of these trends leads to conclusions which anticipate the development of a much broader market for the meat substitute industry over the long term, the gradual discovery of solutions to technical obstacles, upgraded manufacturing, the persistent perception of ethical risk and its influence on consumer willingness to accept meat substitutes, and the urgent need for constructing an effective meat substitute regulatory system.

Consumer attitudes toward ordering from cloud kitchens: a gender and marital status perspective

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine consumer’s perceptions of cloud kitchens, including the influence of perceived innovativeness (PI), utility motivations (price and food varieties), and food safety risk perceptions (FSRP) on trust; the impact of hedonic motivations and trust on attitude; and the moderating effect of FSRP on the relationship between utility motivations (food varieties) and trust. The relationships were examined with respect to gender and marital status.Design/methodology/approachThe Theory of Consumption Value served as the theoretical underpinning of this study. Data was collected with an online survey (n = 316) using the Qualtrics panel. The partial least squares–structural equation modeling method was used to analyze the survey data.FindingsPI, utilitarian motivations (price) and hedonic motivations (food varieties) positively influenced trust, whereas trust positively influenced attitude. FSRP negatively impacted trust and moderated the relationship between utility motivations (food varieties) and trust. Hedonic motivations positively influenced consumers’ attitudes. Multi-group analyses highlighted the differences attributed to gender and marital status.Research limitations/implicationsPI and utility motivations influenced trust, supporting the notion that consumers are open to new and convenient ways to order food. Additionally, the negative influence of FSRP on trust and its moderating role on the path between food varieties and trust highlights the importance of FSRP on food consumption. Finally, this study provided insight into the influence of gender and marital status on perceptions of ordering from cloud kitchens.Originality/valueThe cloud kitchen business model is undergoing exponential growth, and this study provides an understanding of cloud kitchens from a consumer’s perspective.

Multi-Information Fusion Based on BIM and Intuitionistic Fuzzy D-S Evidence Theory for Safety Risk Assessment of Undersea Tunnel Construction Projects

Safety risk assessment is essential in ensuring the smooth construction of undersea tunnels. Obtaining reasonable safety risk assessment results requires multi-source information that enjoys static and dynamic attributes. However, acquiring and utilizing such uncertain information creates difficulties in the decision-making process. Therefore, this paper proposes a safety risk assessment approach based on building information modeling (BIM), intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) theory, and Dempster–Shafer (D-S) evidence theory. Firstly, an undersea tunnel construction collapse risk evaluation index system is established to clarify the information requirements of the pre-construction and construction stages. The semantic information of the BIM geometric model is then enriched through industry foundation classes (IFC) extension to match the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) process, with BIM technology used to assist in information acquisition and risk visualization. Finally, based on the intuitionistic fuzzy D-S evidence theory, multi-information fusion is performed to dynamically determine safety risk levels. Specifically, IFS theory is utilized for basic probability assignments (BPAs) determination before applying D-S evidence theory. The conflicting evidence is dealt with by reliability calculation based on the normalized Hamming distance between pairs of IFSs, while safety risk levels are accomplished with score functions of intuitionistic fuzzy values (IFVs). The proposed method is applied to collapse risk assessment in the karst developed area of a shield tunnel construction project in Dalian, China, and the feasibility and effectiveness are verified. The novelty of the proposed method lies in: (1) information collaboration between the BIM model and the dynamic safety risk assessment process being realized through IFC-based semantic enrichment and Dynamo programming to enhance the decision-making process and (2) the introduction of IFS theory to improve the applicability of D-S evidence theory in expressing fuzziness and hesitation during multi-information fusion. With the proposed method, dynamic safety risk assessment of undersea tunnel construction projects can be performed under uncertainty, fuzziness, and a conflicting environment, while the safety risk perception can be enhanced through visualization.

What determines online rumour sharing on COVID-19? A stimulus–response framework

Based on the stimulus–response framework, this study examines the external environmental stimuli influencing online rumour sharing about COVID-19 and considers the contingent effect of fear. A large-scale online survey was used to test the proposed research model and hypotheses. The final data set comprised 2807 valid responses. The results indicate that perceptions of community safety and infection risk negatively affect online rumour sharing, while social influence positively affects online rumour sharing. Fear weakens the negative effects of community safety on online rumour sharing but strengthens the positive effect of social influence on online rumour sharing. This study provides a comprehensive analysis by applying the stimulus–response framework to explore the underlying drivers of online rumour sharing with regard to COVID-19 and the moderating effects of fear in the Chinese context.

Effect of social media use on food safety risk perception through risk characteristics: Exploring a moderated mediation model among people with different levels of science literacy.

Food safety risk (FSR) is becoming a vital issue for public health, and improving public awareness of FSR through social media is necessary. This study aims to explore specific mechanisms of FSR perception; it first categorizes 19 risk characteristics into two variables, dread and efficacy, and then examines how social media use affects perceived FSR through both variables. Additionally, the study explores the moderating effects of source credibility and science literacy on the mechanisms of FSR perception. Based on a nationwide online survey (N = 2,015) of more than six salient food safety issues in China, the study found that exposure to food safety risk information on social media can help improve perceived FSR based on the proposed “dread–efficacy processing model” (DEPM), where dread stimulates perceived risk, while efficacy suppresses risk perception. Moreover, source credibility intensifies the effect of social media use on efficacy appraisal, whereas science literacy exerts a “double-weakening” influence on dread appraisal. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

MRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine safety and COVID-19 risk perception in recently transplanted allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.

PurposeThis study aims to describe the incidence and severity of adverse events (AEs) following the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and explore the risk perception of COVID-19 in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) recipients.MethodsWe performed a single-center prospective study including recently transplanted (< 2 years post-infusion) allogeneic HCT recipients. AEs were assessed through phone calls and graded from 0 to 4, while COVID-19 risk perception was measured using the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIP-Q5).ResultsFifty-four HCT recipients were evaluated. Incidence and grades of AE (94.4% and 85.2% after the first and second dose, respectively) were similar to those described in the general population. The most common AE was pain at the site of injection. Three patients (5.6%) developed a grade ≥ 3 AE. Vaccine-related cytopenias and graft-versus-host disease flares were not observed. Female sex (OR 3.94, 95% CI 1.14–13.58, p = 0.03) and time since HCT (per month since HCT: OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01–1.18, p = 0.04) were associated with the occurrence of any AE. The patients’ risk perception level of COVID-19 decreased over time (p < 0.05).ConclusionOur study confirms that the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is safe in recent HCT recipients and suggests that the perceived risk of COVID-19 decreases over time.

Beware: Patients increasingly purchasing medications via social media

Beware: Patients increasingly purchasing medications via social media

Food safety knowledge and risk perception among pregnant women: A cross-sectional study in Jordan during the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundPregnant women are at a higher risk of food poisoning compared to the general population. This can be detrimental to both the mother and the fetus. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and risk perception of basic food safety and handling among pregnant women in Jordan amid the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study among pregnant women in Jordan was conducted using an online questionnaire between November 2020 and January 2021. The survey included socio-demographic data, food safety knowledge, and risk perception questions as well as COVID-19 related questions. A total score for food safety awareness out of 50 was derived for each participant based on the sum of scores from all domains. Student t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were conducted using SPSS (Version 26) to compare the mean sum of correct responses of every section (knowledge score) by sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsA total of 325 participants completed the web-based survey. Most of the participants reported receiving food safety-related information during pregnancy (64.9%). The mean total score for the participants was 23.3 ± 4.6 out of 50 (score percentage 46.6%). Participants were mostly aware of foodborne diseases (82.7%) followed by cleaning and sanitation (51.2%), and personal hygiene (49.1%). The least amount of awareness was observed in the cross-contamination (35.0%), food consumption and safety (35.0%), and temperature control (32.8%) domains. Older participants and those with higher education had significantly higher mean scores (p &amp;lt; 0.001). Most participants agreed that the pandemic had a positive impact on enhancing the measures taken to maintain food safety during the pandemic.ConclusionsThis study identified gaps in food safety-related knowledge. Educational programs for pregnant women need robust reinforcement within the community. Efficient educational approaches related to food safety should be provided by health care providers and local health authorities. While the COVID-19 pandemic persists, pregnant women must be well-educated about the virus and its prevention strategies to avoid being infected and ensure their baby's safety as well as their own.

The unintended effects of tamper-evident food closures

Restaurant-to-consumer food delivery has experienced disruption with the growth of third-party services such as DoorDash and Uber Eats. However, this platform-to-consumer delivery method introduces increased opportunities for food tampering and contamination due to additional touchpoints in the delivery process. To mitigate these concerns, more restaurants are implementing tamper-evident closures such as seals attached to the food containers used for delivery items. Drawing on signaling theory, we examine the effect of tamper-evident closures in the third-party delivery context through two experimental studies and a focus group. Our results revealed a negative effect of tamper-evident seals on willingness to pay through lowered food quality evaluations, suggesting the seal sends contamination signals rather than the intended message of food safety. This negative effect appears robust for both food and beverages. We also demonstrate that consumers’ food safety risk perception (FSRP) acts as a boundary condition, attenuating the negative indirect effect for high-FSRP consumers.

Assessing the Perception of Risk and Safety Climate of the Employees of Andishmandan Jonoob Company in 2020

Introduction: Safety climate and risk perception are two very important factors in safety studies that by examining and analyzing them, appropriate results can be obtained from the safety status of employees. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted randomly in 2020 on 388 employees of different departments of Andishmandan Jonoob Company project in Ahvaz.&#x0D; Methods: The Nordic Safety Atmosphere Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50) was used to assess the safety climate, the Flynn risk perception questionnaire was used to assess the risk perception, and the Likert method was used to assess the safety climate and risk perception assessment. Before distributing the questionnaire to the employees, a short educational class was held by the researcher on how to complete the questionnaire, and after distributing the questionnaire, the employees took 45 min to complete the questionnaire, and then the questionnaires were collected. To analyze the data, SPPS 24 software was used and to determine the differences between the studied variables, one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA) was utilized.&#x0D; Findings: In this study, the mean weight and height of the subjects were 81.57±18.45 kg and 176.32±24.68 cm, respectively. Among the employees, 43.81% had a diploma, 37.37% aged 30 to 40 years, 76.03% had 1 to 10 years of work experience, and 80.67% were workers. The mean scores of different dimensions of safety climate based on age, work experience, and education level showed that the mean safety commitment of employees for age, work experience, and education level were 0.76, 0.98, and 0.76, respectively. In this study, 14 workplace risks were considered that the risk of electric shock, back pain, and repetitive movements by employees did not have a score of 1 (very low risk). The risks of hitting the hot surface and falling objects on the foot by the employees did not have a score of 5 (high risk).&#x0D; Conclusion: The results of the mean scores of employees based on the safety climate questionnaire in the studied dimensions showed that the safety climate among the employees of the studied service jobs is relatively weak. Therefore, in order to reduce the potential risks in service jobs and reduce accidents, safety and health issues should be trained with proper and codified planning, and the safety culture of employees should be increased with new methods and new technologies. Regarding the perception of risk, it can be concluded that some risks were not felt by employees and were not observed by individuals; therefore, employees gave a low score to these risks.

Factors Affecting Customer's Behavioral Intention to Use Online Food Delivery Services (OFDS)

This study is conducted to investigate the factors determining the behavioral intention of using online food delivery services (OFDS) after the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (perceived ease of use, price value, performance expectancy, and food safety risk perception). This study aims to determine the future intent to use online food delivery services after the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. A total of 450 people involved during the online survey via the Google Form platform. Descriptive analysis and Pearson correlation analysis are used in this study. For the research findings, this study concludes that the perceived ease of use, price value, performance expectancy, and food safety risk perception have a significant relationship towards behavioral intention to use OFDS. All the result findings are being shown in this report.

Consumers' Knowledge and Handling Practices Associated with Fresh-Cut Produce in the United States.

Previous studies have shown that three factors influence fresh-cut produce safety from farm to fork: (1) post-harvest practices in processing facilities, (2) employees’ handling practices in retail facilities, and (3) consumers’ handling practices in domestic kitchens or cooking facilities. However, few studies have examined consumers’ food safety knowledge, risk perceptions, and their handling practices associated with fresh-cut produce. To fill this gap, the present study conducted a nationwide survey to assess U.S. consumers’ food safety knowledge, practices, and risk perception associated with fresh-cut produce among various demographic groups and investigated factors influencing consumers’ food safety practices related to fresh-cut produce. The results showed that consumers lack the knowledge and safe handling practices toward fresh-cut produce regarding storage hierarchy, surface cleaning and sanitizing, and time and temperature control of fresh-cut produce. The men and millennial consumers exhibit a lower level of safe fresh-cut produce handling practices. In addition, a significant interaction was observed between food safety knowledge and risk perceptions on consumers’ fresh-cut produce handling practices, such that food safety knowledge can transfer to practice more effectively for consumers with high levels of risk perception. The results can be utilized to design effective consumer food safety education tools for targeted audiences.

Measuring Consumers’ Perceived Bias of the Safety Risk of Domestic Infant Formula with Principal Component Analysis and Multidimensional Model

There is a large bias between consumers’ perception of food safety risks and the actual state of food safety. Accurate measurements of consumers’ perceived bias of food safety risk provide a scientific basis for the government to improve food safety risk communication measures. Based on the random sample of 559 consumers obtained by the scenario simulation experiment on domestic infant formula, consumers’ perceived bias of the safety risk of domestic infant formula was accurately measured with a principal component analysis and a multidimensional model. The results show that consumers’ perceived bias of the safety risk of domestic infant formula includes physical-performance risk, financial-time risk, and psychological risk. The physical-performance risk perception bias is the highest, followed by psychological risk perception bias and financial-time risk perception bias. There are significant differences in the perception bias of the safety risk of domestic infant formula among consumers with different demographic characteristics. The Chinese government could adjust consumers’ perceived bias of the food safety risk by establishing a food safety risk communication mechanism, strengthening the popularization of food safety knowledge, and preventing and managing food safety rumors.

A field study on human factor and safety performances in a downstream oil industry

Safety culture and awareness by workers are pivotal tools for the implementation of systematic procedures aiming to risk mitigation in the process industry. The evaluation of human factors on safety performance can reveal unsafe attitudes and failures in training, supervision and management, whose correction greatly contribute to the enhancement of safety program. In this work, the role of human factors in an oil industry was studied by the collection of field data through a structured questionnaire filled by shift, daily and outsourced workers. A deep investigation on the variables involved in the process was carried out, firstly quantifying three conceptual key dimensions (individual, human resource management, equipment and technology) and then analyzing data by means of Response Surface Methodology (RSM), to identify the statistical significant factors and the overall level of safety awareness, behaviour and risk perception of the respondents.

Explore Chinese consumers' safety perception of agricultural products using a non-price choice experiment

Consumers' food safety perception is a key driver of their food buying decision. However, little is known about how consumers judge the food safety of agricultural products with a variety of extrinsic indicators in the market. Different from previous studies that directly ask about consumers' overall food safety perception, we designed a non-price choice experiment of general agricultural products to examine the impact of extrinsic indicators on consumers' food safety perception. The design without price attributes and takes agricultural products as a whole can overcome preference reversal caused by prices and provide policymakers with important information to establish effective food safety communication programs. With online survey data (n = 1281), results indicate that factors influencing consumers' food safety perception include Green Food certification (54%), purchase venue (42%), and brand (4%). These results imply that brand has a relatively weak linkage with food safety and is not an effective indicator for food safety. Besides, using seemingly unrelated regression, we found that high food safety risk perception may not necessarily lead to the use of food safety indicators. However, the trust in Green Food certification does matter, suggesting trust is the foundation of food safety communication. This study provides deep insight into consumers' formulation of food safety perception, which is essential to improving food safety communication.

Motivating Women to Travel in India: Embodying Safety as an Organizational Purpose.

Safety concerns are a key factor that demotivate women from traveling. Tourism organizations are yet to develop approaches to address this comprehensively. Employing the case study design, this study describes how an Indian tourism organization adopted safe women travel as its purpose to reduce women’s safety risk perceptions and motivated them to travel. Nine qualitative interviews were conducted with key stakeholders including co-founders, employees, customers, and vendors. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis resulting in the identification of purpose as a pull factor. Themes of defining, communicating, embodying purpose, and its resulting influence were identified. Through this process, the organization was able to positively impact perceptions of safety, enhance women’s travel motivation, and develop long-term associations with all stakeholders. An actionable framework for implementing purpose was developed that can be used to align tourism organizations’ practices and activities.

Occupational health and safety risk perception

The perception of risk is an important element of many theories about changing safety behavior. Perceived risk is often subject to survival behavior change interventions. The perception of risk to occupational safety and health is an important factor in the success of the work accident prevention program. Risk perception is an important determinant of safety behavior, although the nature of the relationship between risk perception and safety behavior may depend on the profile of different types of risk perception and the accuracy of the perception. The perception of workers, both permanent and non-permanent workers, on occupational safety and health and accident prevention with risk perceptions is an important factor in the success of this accident prevention program. This study aims to find out more about adapting the TRIRISK model for intentionally perceived risk in the context of perception. By assessing the role of the deliberative, affective, and experiential dimensions of safety and health risks in the workplace. Quantitative research was conducted by means of a survey with a questionnaire. The survey was conducted from November to December 2021 and obtained as many as 102 respondents.