Perception Of Patterns Research Articles

Corrections to: Development of radial frequency pattern perception in macaque monkeys.

Corrections to: Development of radial frequency pattern perception in macaque monkeys.

문학작품을 토대로 한 부정어 동반 There 존재구문 연구 및 교육방안 제시

This study examines the primary function of the ‘There + be(with negatives) structure’ in English, asserting its role in emphasizing the non-existence of a noun in a sentence. Analysis of this structure alongside ‘be(with negatives)’ in literary works such as Black Beauty by Anna Swell, Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, and the Korean-English translated literature The Vegetarian, translated by Deborah Smith, is conducted. A survey involving three English teachers from Korea and five English native speakers aimed to uncover disparities in perception of these sentence patterns. Findings indicate a minimal occurrence of ‘be(with negatives) sentences’ without ‘there,’ with the ‘be’ verb primarily complementing prepositional phrases rather than emphasizing the absence of a noun. The survey underscores the importance of negative words in determining the appropriate usage of existential sentences, suggesting their pivotal role in ensuring accuracy and contextual appropriateness. While supporting the initial hypothesis, further research with larger sample sizes and rigorous statistical analysis is deemed necessary for conclusive confirmation.

Spectral consistency in sound sequence affects perceptual accuracy in discriminating subdivided rhythmic patterns.

Musical compositions are distinguished by their unique rhythmic patterns, determined by subtle differences in how regular beats are subdivided. Precise perception of these subdivisions is essential for discerning nuances in rhythmic patterns. While musical rhythm typically comprises sound elements with a variety of timbres or spectral cues, the impact of such spectral variations on the perception of rhythmic patterns remains unclear. Here, we show that consistency in spectral cues affects perceptual accuracy in discriminating subdivided rhythmic patterns. We conducted online experiments using rhythmic sound sequences consisting of band-passed noise bursts to measure discrimination accuracy. Participants were asked to discriminate between a swing-like rhythm sequence, characterized by a 2:1 interval ratio, and its more or less exaggerated version. This task was also performed under two additional rhythm conditions: inversed-swing rhythm (1:2 ratio) and regular subdivision (1:1 ratio). The center frequency of the band noises was either held constant or alternated between two values. Our results revealed a significant decrease in discrimination accuracy when the center frequency was alternated, irrespective of the rhythm ratio condition. This suggests that rhythm perception is shaped by temporal structure and affected by spectral properties.

Teori Konseling Adlerian: Pandangan Tentang Hakikat Manusia Dengan Melihat Persepsi Subjektif dan Pola Kepribadian Ditinjau Oleh Urutan Kelahiran Dan Sibling Relationship

Adlerian counseling is a counseling approach developed by psychologist Alfred Adler which focuses on understanding individuals as part of a social and cultural context, as well as individual motivation to achieve life goals, by paying attention to power dynamics, motivation, self-confidence and interpersonal relationships in an effort to help individuals overcome problems and grow personally. The method used in this research is qualitative with a type of literature study. Literature study is solving problems by tracing sources of writing that has been written before. The sources obtained are used as literature study material and are arranged according to the rules of scientific writing. The aim of this research is to find out in depth about Adlerian counseling theory. The research findings discuss: (1) Views on human nature, (2) Subjective perceptions of reality, (3) Unity and patterns of human personality, (4) Social interests and feelings of community, (5) Birth order and sibling relationships.

Experiencing more meaningful coincidences is associated with more real-life creativity? Insights from three empirical studies.

Literature suggests a link between creativity and the perception of meaningful patterns in random arrangements, which is coined apophenia, patternicity, synchronicity, or the experience of meaningful coincidences. However, empirical research did not establish a clear link between real-life creativity and the experience of meaningful coincidences. In this three-study approach, we consistently found a connection between the experience of meaningful coincidences and creative activities as well as creative achievements. However, we did not obtain a consistent link with openness to experience or with peoples' creative potential. By applying an internet daily diary approach, we found that the experience of meaningful coincidences fluctuates from day to day and that the number of perceived coincidences is associated with positive and negative affect. A third preregistered study showed that positive and negative affect might not serve as a strong mechanism that mediates the link between meaningful coincidences and real-life creative activities. We need further research to explore the reason for this robust link between meaningful coincidences and real-life creativity.

Today’s positive affect predicts tomorrow’s experience of meaningful coincidences: a cross-lagged multilevel analysis

ABSTRACT The perception of meaningful patterns in random arrangements and unrelated events takes place in our everyday lives, coined apophenia, synchronicity, or the experience of meaningful coincidences. However, we do not know yet what predicts this phenomenon. To investigate this, we re-analyzed a combined data set of two daily diary studies with a total of N = 169 participants (mean age 29.95 years; 54 men). We investigated if positive or negative affect (PA, NA) predicts the number of meaningful coincidences on the following day (or vice versa). By means of a cross-lagged multilevel modelling approach (Bayesian estimation) we evaluated with which of two theoretical assumptions the data are more in line. First, if meaningful coincidences are facilitated by a broader and more flexible thinking style, PA should positively predict meaningful coincidences at the following day. However, if the experience of meaningful coincidences signifies a strategy to cope with negative feeling states, NA should predict the experience of meaningful coincidences during the following day. In favour of a more flexible thinking style, we found that PA predicted the number of perceived coincidences the following day. We did not find any effect for NA, and therefore, no evidence arguing for the coping mechanism hypothesis of meaningful coincidences.

Perceived professional preparedness and identity among senior nursing students: a latent profile Analysis

BackgroundSenior nursing students’ perceptions of their professional preparedness help them for expectations of their future nursing role with more confidence, and professional identity may contribute to cultivating nursing students’ perceptions of professional preparedness. In this study we applied latent profile analysis to identify the latent profiles of perceived professional preparedness among senior nursing students and to examine their identity and predictors.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional descriptive study. A total of 319 senior nursing students from five universities in China were enrolled. Data were collected using the Perceived Professional Preparedness of Senior Nursing Students’ Questionnaire and the Professional Identity Scale for Nursing Students.ResultsThree latent profiles were identified and labeled as “low perceived professional preparedness” (n = 90, 28.2%), “low clinical competency-low EBP (Evidence-Based Practice)” (n = 190, 59.5%), and “high perceived professional preparedness” (n = 39, 12.2%). Place of residence, average clinical practicum hours per day, part-time experience, good relationships with classmates, and feeling nobility toward nursing due to COVID-19 significantly predicted profile membership. The average professional identity score was also statistically different across the three profiles (F = 54.69, p < 0.001).ConclusionsSenior nursing students’ perceptions of their professional preparedness were divided into three profiles, and out results show that promoting professional identity may effectively foster their perceived professional preparedness. This study therefore highlights the importance of targeted interventions by considering their distinct perceptions of professional preparedness patterns.

The effect of second-language learning experience on Korean listeners’ use of pitch cues in the perception of Cantonese tones

Past studies have found that the linguistic experience of previously-acquired languages, such as one’s native-language (L1) and second-language (L2) learning experience, modulates the perception of novel sounds from a third language (L3). Lexical tone in L3 is a good case for testing the influence of L1 or L2, as listeners with varying language backgrounds may use different pitch cues (pitch contour or height) in tone perception. The present study focuses on L2 learners of Mandarin whose L1 variety is either Seoul Korean (SK), a non-tonal stressless language, or Gyeongsang Korean (GK), a tonal pitch-accent language. Intermediate-to-advanced SK-speaking and GK-speaking L2 learners of Mandarin were recruited as target groups, and naive listeners of respective L1 varieties were recruited as control groups. The participants completed an AX forced-choice tone discrimination task. Four Cantonese tones, one rising tone and three level tones, were used. Contour–level and level–level tonal contrasts were target tone pairs, allowing for testing the primary use of pitch contour and pitch height, respectively. The results showed that the two groups of naive listeners had greater accuracy in discriminating level–level than contour–level tonal contrasts. In contrast, L2 learners, independent of their L1 varieties, showed higher accuracy in discriminating contour–level than level–level tonal contrasts. The L2 learners’ perceptual pattern is consistent with Mandarin listeners, as reported in previous work. Taken together, the findings provide evidence for a possible developmental change in which Korean-speaking L2 learners might have a perceptual cue shift from pitch height to pitch contour through their L2 experience in Mandarin. The findings about the role of L2 proficiency in Mandarin further supported the effect of L2 experience on learners’ increased use of pitch contour.

The effects of a mindfulness meditation program on enhancing musical perception of time: A pilot study

Mindfulness meditation practices have garnered a lot of popularity in recent years. Various psychological benefits of mindfulness meditation have been documented in a myriad of literature. In this pilot study, we evaluated the effectiveness of a short-term mindfulness training program on time-based musical perceptions of pre-service music teachers. Here, time-based perception entails the accurate perception of pattern, meter, and tempo. A one-group pretest–posttest design was implemented as a model. Pre-service music teachers ( n = 8) completed the rhythm, rhythm-to-melody, and tempo subscales of the modular-PROMS before and after undergoing an 8-week-long mindfulness training program. Whereas significant enhancements of rhythm and rhythm-to-melody perceptions were observed, a similar kind of enhancement was not detected with respect to tempo perception.

Pola Komunikasi Jarak Jauh dalam Menjaga Keharmonisan Keluarga pada Orang Tua dan Anak

The ever-evolving times will influence every family for family members to become smart individuals. Therefore, many parents want to provide the best education for their children. This research uses a qualitative method with the theory used in this research, namely interpersonal communication theory. The subjects in this study amounted to five resource persons selected based on certain criteria, namely parents and sons. The data collection techniques used were in-depth interviews, observation, and literature study. The purpose of this study is to determine the application and perception of long-distance communication patterns between parents and children in maintaining harmony. The results of the study state that there are several communication patterns that are established when long distance certainly raises concerns for both children and parents. However, with adequate facilities, it is easier for parents and children to communicate quickly even though they are far away. When long-distance communication is well established, it will create family harmony.

Long-Term Consequences of PTI Activation and Its Manipulation by Root-Associated Microbiota.

In nature, plants are constantly colonized by a massive diversity of microbes engaged in mutualistic, pathogenic or commensal relationships with the host. Molecular patterns present in these microbes activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), which detects microbes in the apoplast or at the tissue surface. Whether and how PTI distinguishes among soil-borne pathogens, opportunistic pathogens, and commensal microbes within the soil microbiota remains unclear. PTI is a multimodal series of molecular events initiated by pattern perception, such as Ca2+ influx, reactive oxygen burst, and extensive transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming. These short-term responses may manifest within minutes to hours, while the long-term consequences of chronic PTI activation persist for days to weeks. Chronic activation of PTI is detrimental to plant growth, so plants need to coordinate growth and defense depending on the surrounding biotic and abiotic environments. Recent studies have demonstrated that root-associated commensal microbes can activate or suppress immune responses to variable extents, clearly pointing to the role of PTI in root-microbiota interactions. However, the molecular mechanisms by which root commensals interfere with root immunity and root immunity modulates microbial behavior remain largely elusive. Here, with a focus on the difference between short-term and long-term PTI responses, we summarize what is known about microbial interference with host PTI, especially in the context of root microbiota. We emphasize some missing pieces that remain to be characterized to promote the ultimate understanding of the role of plant immunity in root-microbiota interactions.

IMA peptides are dwarf giants fighting for fitness

IRON MAN (IMA) peptides have a critical role in iron uptake and homeostasis, but whether and how they associate with plant immunity signaling remain unclear. Recently, Cao et al. provided intriguing insights into the underlying plant mechanisms that restrict root iron acquisition on perception of microorganism-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by spatial IMA-1 turnover.

Cultural Echoes in Modern Design: Assessing Young Consumers’ Perceptions of Traditional Bamboo Weaving Patterns

This study, employing convenience sampling of art specialists, investigates the emotional resonance of young consumers with Chinese bamboo patterns, underscoring their significance in the realm of contemporary design. Through the lens of Kansei engineering, we delve into the intricate world of bamboo weaving patterns, scrutinizing their perceptual evaluations and user preferences among 104 art university students aged 18–23. Our analysis not only identifies pivotal factors for innovative redesign but also underscores the pivotal role of these traditional patterns in enhancing the emotional and aesthetic appeal of products for the younger generation. The findings illuminate a notable appreciation among this demographic for the ecofriendly and culturally rich bamboo patterns, positioning them as essential elements in modern lifestyle products. The study advances the discourse on integrating cultural heritage into product innovation, advocating for designs that resonate with the aesthetic sensibilities and environmental values of today’s youth. This aligns with the critical insights into the various categories of patterns and their diverse applications in contemporary design, addressing the cognitive gap between designers and consumers and highlighting the importance of cultural motifs in product development.

Enhancing English Vocabulary Learning through Mobile Apps: A New Paradigm in Educational Technology

The technological revolution, particularly pertaining to smartphones, has revitalised the means by which educational methodologies were approached and implemented, most notably with respect to English language learning. This study explores the effectiveness of mobile applications in the improvement of English vocabulary acquisition among university students. The present study is about the perception and usage of mobile application patterns used in learning English vocabulary. It is based on a structured survey carried out on undergraduate students, of which the sample was selected from various disciplines at a private University. This paper outlines a survey on preferences for mobile apps against traditional methods of learning and finds out at what frequency, duration, and even perceived benefits of such tools in language learning. These indicate a strong preference for such apps to learn vocabulary, with overwhelming numbers of students in big schools, far and near, using these apps daily or at least weekly. The results put emphasis on the fact that mobile apps provide easy ways through which students can learn vocabulary flexibly and efficiently. The features of gamification and the required pronunciation help are most appreciated when built inside mobile applications. This shows that interactive elements with audio-visual effects are doing their work in learning engagement and effectiveness.

Neuromorphic antennal sensory system

Insect antennae facilitate the nuanced detection of vibrations and deflections, and the non-contact perception of magnetic or chemical stimuli, capabilities not found in mammalian skin. Here, we report a neuromorphic antennal sensory system that emulates the structural, functional, and neuronal characteristics of ant antennae. Our system comprises electronic antennae sensor with three-dimensional flexible structures that detects tactile and magnetic stimuli. The integration of artificial synaptic devices adsorbed with solution-processable MoS2 nanoflakes enables synaptic processing of sensory information. By emulating the architecture of receptor-neuron pathway, our system realizes hardware-level, spatiotemporal perception of tactile contact, surface pattern, and magnetic field (detection limits: 1.3 mN, 50 μm, 9.4 mT). Vibrotactile-perception tasks involving profile and texture classifications were accomplished with high accuracy (> 90%), surpassing human performance in “blind” tactile explorations. Magneto-perception tasks including magnetic navigation and touchless interaction were successfully completed. Our work represents a milestone for neuromorphic sensory systems and biomimetic perceptual intelligence.

Designing Virtual Pathways for Exploring Glacial Landscapes of Glacier National Park, Montana, USA for Physical Geography Education

Virtual field trips in physical geography transcend our human limitations regarding distance and accessibility, allowing students to experience exemplars of physical environments. These experiences can be critical for students to connect to the physical world beyond traditional classroom formats of communicating themes and features in physical geography. To maximize the learning potential of these experiences, designers must engage in a translational process to take resources and content from the physical world and migrate it to an online, virtual format. However, these virtual learning experiences need to account for how learners learn; and should draw heavily on the foundations of educational research and field sciences, while highlighting the awe and beauty of the natural landscape itself. Crafting these spatial stories of the natural world with learning elements requires careful and intentional design to maximize the perception of physical features, patterns, and processes at the landscape scale. To help field-trip developers comprehend the workflows used to create perceptible, rich environments that spur students’ learning, we propose a development process (TECCUPD) as a guide to navigate the intersection of education and science, using an example of geodiversity and alpine glacial landscapes found in Glacier National Park, Montana.

Analyzing regional disparities and spatial distribution dynamics of energy consumption levels in China

This article uses the Dagum Gini coefficient and kernel density estimation to analyze the regional differences and distribution dynamics of energy consumption and applies the coefficient of variation with a static panel model to test its σ-convergence and β-convergence characteristics. The study finds noticeable differences in energy consumption intensity among provinces and regions, and the main source of regional differences is inter-regional differences. In contrast, the contribution of intra-regional differences and hypervariable intensity is smaller and more similar. Specifically, the absolute difference in the eastern region experienced a first decline, then a rise, and finally a slight decline; the absolute difference in the central region had a more significant overall fluctuation and a declining trend in the later period, and the absolute difference in the western region tended to narrow. No polarization trend was observed during the sample period in the eastern, central, and western regions. Not only σ-convergence but also absolute β-convergence and conditional β-convergence exist in the whole country and the eastern, central, and western regions. Therefore, it provides a factual basis for deepening the perception of the spatial pattern and regional disparity of energy utilization levels in China and has policy implications for promoting inter-regional and intra-regional coordinated development.

Additive and Specific Effects of Elicitor Treatments on the Metabolic Profile of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Several elicitors of plant defense have been identified and numerous efforts to use them in the field have been made. Exogenous elicitor treatments mimic the in planta activation of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), which relies on the perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as bacterial flg22 or fungal chitins. Early transcriptional responses to distinct PAMPs are mostly overlapping, regardless of the elicitor being used. However, it remains poorly known if the same patterns are observed for metabolites and proteins produced later during PTI. In addition, little is known about the impact of a combination of elicitors on PTI and the level of induced resistance to pathogens. Here, we monitored Arabidopsis thaliana resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pto DC3000) following application of flg22 and chitosan elicitors, used individually or in combination. A slight, but not statistically significant increase in induced resistance was observed when the elicitors were applied together when compared with individual treatments. We investigated the effect of these treatments on the metabolome by using an untargeted analysis. We found that the combination of flg22 and chitosan impacted a higher number of metabolites and deregulated specific metabolic pathways compared with the elicitors individually. These results contribute to a better understanding of plant responses to elicitors, which might help better rationalize their use in the field. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.

Measuring the visual angle of polarization-related entoptic phenomena using structured light.

The ability to perceive polarization-related entoptic phenomena arises from the dichroism of macular pigments held in Henle's fiber layer of the retina and can be inhibited by retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, which alters the structure of the macula. Structured light tools enable the direct probing of macular pigment density and retinal structure through the perception of polarization-dependent entoptic patterns. Here, we directly measure the visual angle of an entoptic pattern created through the illumination of the retina with a structured state of light and a perception task that is insensitive to corneal birefringence. The central region of the structured light stimuli was obstructed, with the size of the obstruction varying according to a psychophysical staircase. Two stimuli, one producing 11 azimuthal fringes and the other three azimuthal fringes, were presented to 24 healthy participants. The pattern with 11 azimuthal fringes produced an average visual angle threshold of 10° ± 1° and a 95% confidence interval (C.I.) of [6°, 14°]. For the pattern with three azimuthal fringes, a threshold extent of 3.6° ± 0.3° C.I. = [1.3°, 5.8°] was measured, a value similar to the published extent of Haidinger's brush (4°). The increase in apparent size and clarity of entoptic phenomena produced by the presented structured light stimuli offers the potential to detect the early signs of macular disease over perception tasks using uniform polarization stimuli.

Audiometric Outcomes of Auditory Brainstem Implantation during Vestibular Schwannoma Resection in NF2 Patients

Abstract Background Many patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) suffer from sensorineural hearing loss, and associated cochlear nerve compromise in NF2 patients makes auditory brainstem implant (ABI) an attractive treatment option. The long-term outcomes and benefits of the device are still being explored. Methods A retrospective review was conducted for 11 ABI recipients at a single-institution tertiary center between November 2017 and August 2022. Patients diagnosed with NF2 undergoing resection for concurrent vestibular schwannoma (VS) were included. Pre- and postaudiometric assessments were reviewed. Evaluation included pure-tone audiometry and speech testing. Results Our cohort included 11 patients with a median age of 34 years. All patients underwent a translabyrinthine approach for implant placement with concurrent VS resection. Average tumor size of VS was 2.87 cm. Preoperatively, 8 patients had pure-tone averages with no response at 110 dB, 2 were within mild–moderate hearing loss (25–45 dB), and one patient had a PTA of profound loss (92 dB). Postoperatively, 9 (81%) patients had improvement in PTA. In total, seven patients reported mild side effects upon ABI activation which included dizziness (n = 2), tinnitus (n = 1), and abdominal and lower extremity tingling sensation (n = 3). Of the seven patients with early speech perception (ESP) scores, five had a score &gt;75%, indicating the auditory ability to detect pattern perception upon auditory stimulation through the ABI alone. Conclusion Nine of 11 patients derived benefits from ABI placement. These findings demonstrate that ABI placement during concurrent VS resection can provide a significant hearing benefit for NF2 patients.