Past Perceptions Research Articles

Pyrostories: New Historical Insights into Portuguese Burning Landscapes

This paper examines Portuguese literary texts in which fire is explicitly included in the narrative. These texts include descriptions of various occurrences and uses of fire and their intertwined social and ecological effects. They shed light on the origins, actors, practices, and impacts of fire, and they reveal past perceptions of fire, namely the role fire played in social processes and in the making of landscapes. It becomes evident that in literary texts, fire is not merely a physical element but also a powerful symbolic force of life, death, and transformation. Furthermore, the literary landscapes of different regions describe fire in distinct ways, reflecting particular geographical, social, and political contexts.

Perceptions of Temporal Selves: Continuity, Psychological Outcomes, and the Significance of a Disadvantaged Background.

Psychologists and philosophers have argued that a consistent self-concept is essential for mental health and well-being. Differences in individuals' backgrounds-specifically, their financial resources-may be instrumental to understanding these relationships. This research: (1) tested the continuity of self-perceptions, (2) investigated if perceptions of the past and future self predicted depression and well-being, and (3) explored whether continuity and its relationship to psychological outcomes varied across SES. The findings suggest: (1) moderate continuity; (2) perceptions of past and future were unique predictors of psychological outcomes; and (3) significant differences in continuity and how it predicted meaning-in-life by SES. The results extend the understanding of continuity and its significance for psychological outcomes while establishing the importance of individuals' backgrounds in these relationships.

Neposredni evidenciali v korejščini: S perspektive modela večplastne shrambe spomina

This study clarifies the meaning of direct evidential markers in Korean and examines their semantic characteristics using a multi-store memory model. Korean direct evidential markers are categorized into those indicating either “present perception-based knowledge” or “past acquisition-based knowledge.” The former are subdivided into “unaccepted present perception-based knowledge” (-네 -ney) and “accepted present perception-based knowledge” (-군 -kwun), and the latter into “knowledge derived from past perception” (-더라 -tela) and “knowledge integrated into personal or general understanding” (-지 -ci). Within the multi-store memory model, -네 -ney aligns with the indicator of the maintenance rehearsal process, while -군 -kwun serves as an indicator of elaborative rehearsal, and -더라 -tela and -지 -ci correspond to retrieval indicators from long-term memory.

Perception of motion salience shapes the emergence of collective motions

Despite the profound implications of self-organization in animal groups for collective behaviors, understanding the fundamental principles and applying them to swarm robotics remains incomplete. Here we propose a heuristic measure of perception of motion salience (MS) to quantify relative motion changes of neighbors from first-person view. Leveraging three large bird-flocking datasets, we explore how this perception of MS relates to the structure of leader-follower (LF) relations, and further perform an individual-level correlation analysis between past perception of MS and future change rate of velocity consensus. We observe prevalence of the positive correlations in real flocks, which demonstrates that individuals will accelerate the convergence of velocity with neighbors who have higher MS. This empirical finding motivates us to introduce the concept of adaptive MS-based (AMS) interaction in swarm model. Finally, we implement AMS in a swarm of ~102 miniature robots. Swarm experiments show the significant advantage of AMS in enhancing self-organization of the swarm for smooth evacuations from confined environments.

‘If I Knew How to Speak English…’: How language shapes refugee mothers’ perceptions of past, present, and future in Canada

Abstract What role does language learning play in refugees’ memory-construction on the one hand, and imagining of the future self on the other? Using a temporal perspective on migration, I extend scholarship examining the role of language in the space-time continuum of resettlement. With three waves of semi-structured interviews with twenty Syrian refugee mothers (N = 60) who have recently arrived in Canada, this article examines how their experiences with time and future projections are influenced by their experiences of language learning in the host country. First, mothers’ lack of English proficiency and struggle to learn leads to a sense of nostalgia towards the past, where their proficiency in Arabic is associated with past feelings of comfort, security, and mastery. In addition, mothers find themselves ‘stuck’ in the present, where multiple structural barriers (e.g., absence of extended kin; limited government support) and individual challenges (e.g., health issues; having children with disability) significantly slow down their language acquisition process and prevent them from achieving other goals. This leads to a clear conflict between government expectations for the long-term future and the mothers’ immediate priorities. Finally, despite those government temporal expectations building on newcomers’ language acquisition, mothers do not want to envision the future due to past experiences of uncertainty, belief in divine control, and a foreclosure of the future. This article demonstrates the ways in which language, space, and time co-construct notions of the future, and a sense of potential ‘stuckness,’ well beyond the temporal limits of intensive state intervention in refugee lives.

Influence of Long-Chain Amylopectin on Physicochemical and External Digestion Properties of Glutinous Rice in Zongzi.

Zongzi, made from glutinous rice, is usually thought to stay in the stomach for a long time, causing many people to shy away. In our research, Zongzi was prepared from three indica glutinous rice samples, and three japonica glutinous rice samples were digested in vitro in a human gastric simulator (HGS). It was found that digestion performance in HGS (gastric emptying) was mainly related to the hardness and stickiness of texture properties, and surprisingly, the hardness and stickiness of Zongzi were positively correlated, which contradicts past perception. Through the extraction and analysis of the coated layer on the surface of glutinous rice grains in Zongzi, the main source of its stickiness was the entanglement between the long chains of leached amylopectin molecules. The hardness was also mainly due to the high proportion of long chains in its glutinous rice starch, which made it difficult to gelatinize. Studies suggested that stickiness gradually disappeared during digestion, while hardness had a longer impact on digestive performance. The indica glutinous rice Zongzi with a higher long-chain level showed a higher resistant-starch (RS) level and slow hydrolysis in the intestinal digestion stage. Therefore, the texture and digestibility of Zongzi can be adjusted by changing the molecular structure of glutinous rice starch.

Filling in the gaps: early middle English, nationalist philology, and reparative codicology

ABSTRACT Ongoing interventions by antiracist scholars and activists demonstrate the lasting impact that the racist, nationalist, and colonialist foundation of the field has had on modern perceptions of the pre-Conquest English past and those who study it. This article identifies the impact of the same ideologies on the study of early Middle English literatures and its place in canonical accounts. The deployment of medieval English literatures in a teleological effort to establish histories of whiteness and legitimize white colonial superiority. However, close interrogation of the linguistic and literary developments of the period threatened the very structures they were invoked to sustain. Effectively, early Middle English was placed in a medial position that invoked its presence only to deny its importance. This article offers an alternative. Eve Sedgwick's conception of ‘reparative reading’ has resonances with both the material forms in which early Middle English is preserved, and the human experiences that underlie that preservation. Fragmentary lyrics, like the couplet from Poema Morale, provide an example. These snippets point to the presence of a widely circulating ‘cultural repository’ that could negotiate the structures of institutional (primarily Latinate) literacy and opened those frameworks to dynamic participation by a wide range of readers and users.

Response boosts serial dependence in the numerosity estimation task

Perceptions of current stimuli are sometimes biased toward or away from past perceptions. This phenomenon is called serial dependence. However, the strength of the effect of past responses on serial dependence has not been fully elucidated. We conducted experiments with a task in which participants estimated the number of dot arrays (numerosity estimation task) and directly compared whether the strength of serial dependence changed in the numerosity estimation task when participants responded or did not respond in the immediately preceding trial. We also examined whether the strength of serial dependence affected the accuracy of the numerosity estimation. We found that attractive serial dependence was stronger when participants responded in the immediately preceding trial than when they only saw the stimulus. The results suggest that the information from the previous stimulus must reach the higher-level processes associated with perceptual decisions to influence the estimation of the current stimulus. However, it is possible that the results of this study are specific to tasks in which participants respond with numeric symbols. The magnitude of the serial dependence effect was not observed to affect numerosity estimation performance, and no evidence was found that serial dependence enhances accuracy in the numerosity estimation task.

Detection of chromosomal aneuploidy in ancient genomes

Ancient DNA is a valuable tool for investigating genetic and evolutionary history that can also provide detailed profiles of the lives of ancient individuals. In this study, we develop a generalised computational approach to detect aneuploidies (atypical autosomal and sex chromosome karyotypes) in the ancient genetic record and distinguish such karyotypes from contamination. We confirm that aneuploidies can be detected even in low-coverage genomes ( ~ 0.0001-fold), common in ancient DNA. We apply this method to ancient skeletal remains from Britain to document the first instance of mosaic Turner syndrome (45,X0/46,XX) in the ancient genetic record in an Iron Age individual sequenced to average 9-fold coverage, the earliest known incidence of an individual with a 47,XYY karyotype from the Early Medieval period, as well as individuals with Klinefelter (47,XXY) and Down syndrome (47,XY, + 21). Overall, our approach provides an accessible and automated framework allowing for the detection of individuals with aneuploidies, which extends previous binary approaches. This tool can facilitate the interpretation of burial context and living conditions, as well as elucidate past perceptions of biological sex and people with diverse biological traits.

РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦІЇ ІСТОРІЇ УКРАЇНИ В АНГЛОМОВНОМУ НАУКОВОМУ ДИСКУРСІ

The article highlights the problem of rethinking international communication about Ukrainian history, taking into account the de-imperialization of the historical narrative and overcoming the Russian optics on Ukraine that prevails in Western academic discourse. Sometimes in Western trends, this process is called decolonization, and the corresponding work is called postcolonial studies. While postcolonialism plays a leading role in foreign scholarly visions, it is only gaining momentum in Ukraine. Given the special attention to Ukraine as a country where a new global political architecture is being created today, there is a need to analyze and systematize foreigners’ perceptions of the Ukrainian past, as this will allow for better communication and potentially improve understanding between Ukraine and the Western world in general. Given the total dominance of Russian historiography and its derivative narratives on the entire history of Eastern Europe, this area is extremely relevant and even strategically necessary, as it allows us to study the worldview of both political elites and the electorate of Europe, which is based on a specific vision of the past and directly affects our present and future. This fact actualizes historical imagology as one of the tools for realizing the above. The study is based on the scientific work of foreign historians of non-Ukrainian origin on the history of Ukraine in the English-language discourse. The purpose of the study is to trace the general idea of non-Ukrainian researchers about Ukraine and its historical development, to analyze the state of scientific development of the topic and the source base of the study, and to highlight the main concepts and approaches to the representation of Ukraine’s history. The chronological framework covers the scholarly discourse that began with Ukraine’s independence in 1991 and continues to this day.

Self‐serving perception of charitable donation request: An effective cognitive strategy to boost benefits and reduce drawbacks

AbstractThe psychological consequences of prosocial behavior depend on people's perceptions of their own volition. Building on this, we hypothesized that people who donate increase their volition and the benefits of donations by judging donation requests as polite (non‐coercive), whereas non‐donors reduce their volition and the drawback of refusing to donate by judging the request as less polite (too coercive). Three weeks after providing baseline politeness judgments about a fundraising request, participants re‐evaluated the same request as potential donors (experimental group) or observers (control group) and reported how they felt (Ntime1 = 605, Ntime2 = 294). Relative to past perceptions, donors judged the request as more polite than control participants. Non‐donors redefined the request as less polite than donors, but not less than control participants. Both donors and non‐donors benefited from redefining the request as more polite. We discuss how altering one's perception of a request is a multi‐purpose self‐serving cognition.

Towards Textile Narratives: A Cross-Over Perspective on Textile Imagery in Statuary, Iconography, and Literature

Textiles and clothing constitute a fundamental element of our cultural past, present, and future. Therefore, they were also represented in many mediums, such as iconographic depictions and literature. Images are a source of visual and mental illustration and are often dependent on the viewer’s perspective. As a result, the representations of textiles convey social constructions and their cultural perception. Their study is the focal point of this article: The ways in which textiles and clothing are described by the imagery shown in Greek and Roman statuary and iconography, as well as in contemporary Albanian literature and mythology. Representations illustrate the colorful, vibrant, complex and valuable reality that textiles and dress embodied. They visually tell past stories, for a particular audience, and place, but foremost with intention. It is the purpose behind textile depictions that is of interest, as it offers an insight into the conception, roles, usage, and views on textiles and garments in the past. Those are the kind of stories we want to investigate, so-called textile narratives. Iconographic evidence will be center stage in this effort of understanding past perceptions of textiles and dress. Therefore, it is crucial to indicate what our own definition of iconography is. This term is often used to conjointly gather all images and different artwork expressions, no matter the support or technique: Sculptures, mosaics, wall-paintings, vase decorations, coinage, and so much more. As C. Brøns and S. Harris perfectly summarize, “iconography is the study of representations in its many forms.” That same vision and definition is what this article refers to.

Crossing the Mirror: an Approach to the Social Perception of the Prehistoric Past from a Gender Perspective

Los medios de comunicación son un sistema de comunicación inmediata y efectiva, que forman una cultura de masas constituida por símbolos, mitos y estereotipos de los individuos como una forma de «producción industrializada de la realidad». Dentro del marco conceptual de la Arqueología Pública, desde una perspectiva crítica y feminista, se presenta un ensayo de aproximación a la percepción social del pasado prehistórico en el ámbito de la Cultura Popular contemporánea. El propósito de este trabajo es analizar y conceptualizar los mensajes e ideas generados por la cultura de masas alrededor de la representación de la humanidad prehistórica para entender cómo se construyen y qué tipo de sociedad promueven. Para ello, se aborda la imagen de la cavewoman desde su configuración en el imaginario popular para analizar los estereotipos y sexismos instalados, su origen, su repercusión en la percepción social de la Prehistoria y qué papel juega esta idea en la sociedad contemporánea, y más particularmente, qué implicaciones tienen para las mujeres. Debemos, atravesar este espejo distorsionado e imagen del pasado, creada por la sociedad de consumo proyectando la suya propia, donde la imagen de la mujer no es sólo la del pasado, sino también la del futuro.

Historical science and the visual turn: features of perception

The paper analyzes a complex of methodological problems associated with the visual turn in modern historical science, as well as the peculiarities of the perception of the historical past and the organization of history teaching in modern culture and in the system of historical education. The analysis evaluates the prospects of already existing approaches in philosophy in the development of problems of the visual. The ideas of Maurice Merleau-Ponty on the phenomenology of perception, with his emphasis on the “physical presence” of a body in the process of perception, are proposed as a significant source for the reflection on the visual. The involvement of visual elements in the historical narrative, as shown in the article, complicates the methodology and practice of source criticism, while at the same time allowing historical science to make its contribution to understanding the image as such.

Using destination reviews to explore tourists’ sensory experiences at Christmas markets in Germany and Austria

ABSTRACT Christmas markets in Germany and Austria exhibit historic, mercantile, social and experiential dimensions, entrenching them both as a form of heritage and as visitable sites of society and culture, yet research into tourist perception of sensory and multisensory experiential components of these markets has been highly limited thus far. This paper examines the extent of sensory components experienced in Dresden Strietzelmarkt, Nuremberg Christkindlmarkt (Germany) and Vienna Rathausplatz Christkindlmarkt (Austria), as reported in TripAdvisor reviews. Visitor experience ratings across all three Christmas markets were strongly positive, with internal visitors being more discerning in terms of actual experience. All five sensory components of sight, sound, smell, taste and touch were identified, with sight and taste being most commonly noted. The majority of reviews referred to two or three sensory experiences, and a positive correlation emerged between more complex sensory experience and higher visitor rating. Numerous comments connected experienced sensory characteristics with a sense of a Christmas atmosphere or mood, and perceptions on authenticity were entwined with past perception and expectation. In recognising such multisensory components having ascribed values, we argue they deserve to be correctly identified, documented and managed as forms of intangible heritage.

Tales of transformation: (re)injecting Latvia’s coastlands with temporality

ABSTRACT This article explores the potential for a broader, more integrated treatment of the long-term development of Latvia’s coastal landscape, seeking avenues for conveying its dynamism. Various transformational processes are considered, with a particular focus on dune migration – formerly a major issue in Latvia but nowadays essentially resolved and forgotten. Relief features of the sandy, forested areas, as well as old pine trees, serve as cues to temporality in the present terrain, while historical and folkloric sources provide insights into past perceptions of the landscape and the experiences and imaginings of landscape change.

Getting it Right: Safeguarding a Respected Space for Indigenous Oral Histories and Truth Telling

ABSTRACT Indigenous stories increasingly challenge the Australian understanding of the relationships between colonizers and Indigenous experiences and perceptions of the postcolonial past. Indigenous oral history is becoming an integral and powerful aspect of oral historiography that includes Indigenous oral histories and stories as important components of Australian history making. Given that Indigenous reclamation of history is essential to the process of decolonization, this paper poses the question of how we can safeguard a respected space for Indigenous oral histories so truth telling can take a rightful place in history making. The paper details examples of a non-Indigenous researcher working with and for Indigenous storytellers and in doing so, elaborates on an Indigenist approach to oral historiography. We provide examples from the Moola Bulla project, an Indigenist methodologically based study collaboratively designed by Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers around ethical research practices. The authors recommend that to ensure ethical practices and faithful re-storying, researchers engage in training with Indigenous people, thereby enabling the moral integrity and rigor of Indigenous history making in the field of oral history. This paper reiterates the fundamental prerogative for all those in the domain of history making in colonized contexts to work with Indigenous people in the rewriting of postcontact history informed by an understanding of Indigenist methodologies.

PCPNet: An Efficient and Semantic-Enhanced Transformer Network for Point Cloud Prediction

The ability to predict future structure features of environments based on past perception information is extremely needed by autonomous vehicles, which helps to make the following decision-making and path planning more reasonable. Recently, point cloud prediction (PCP) is utilized to predict and describe future environmental structures by the point cloud form. In this letter, we propose a novel efficient Transformer-based network to predict the future LiDAR point clouds exploiting the past point cloud sequences. We also design a semantic auxiliary training strategy to make the predicted LiDAR point cloud sequence semantically similar to the ground truth and thus improves the significance of the deployment for more tasks in real-vehicle applications. Our approach is completely self-supervised, which means it does not require any manual labeling and has a solid generalization ability toward different environments. The experimental results show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art PCP methods on the prediction results and semantic similarity, and has a good real-time performance. Our open-source code and pre-trained models are available at <uri xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://github.com/Blurryface0814/PCPNet</uri> .

Understanding aspirations to stay: Relative endowment within a time–space perspective

Abstract This article explores the factors and mechanisms that underpin aspirations to stay in situations where migration could be beneficial. To do so, this article proposes a spatial–temporal comparative framework and explains aspirations to stay through the notion of relative endowment, which reveals a positive assessment of what people have, despite the awareness of social inequalities. Empirically, the article focuses on a rural town in northern Brazil that has experienced a stagnating economy since the 1990s, where young adults express aspirations to stay. Non-economic factors such as closeness to nature, family, and friends not only encourage staying, but make young people feel endowed in relation to a perceived stressful work-centered urban life. The proposed framework reveals that the overall negative perspectives on the town’s present are congruous with aspirations to stay because of young people’s positive feelings about the town’s past and future. In fact, hope plays an important role in shaping aspirations to stay. This article shows the value of considering people’s perceptions of past, present, and future and how they influence aspirations to stay, and migrate.

Rozliczenia z historią. Społeczne percepcje przeszłości komunistycznej z perspektywy Polski i Rosji

The article, based on public opinion polls presenting the assessment of the communist era, will present the similarities and differences in the perception of this period by the societies of the Republic of Poland and the Russian Federation, and analyze the reasons for such attitudes.The position of Polish and Russian respondents in relation to the communist times in their historical past has converging points: polarization of attitudes in assessment, dependence of the division in opinions in terms of age, education, social position, place of residence and political orientation.However, the criticism of Poles towards the times of the People's Republic of Poland is visible in the context of such factors as the attitude to communist ideology, the process of legitimizing power and its actual source, and in relation to democracy.Russians recall the times of the USSR with much greater nostalgia and blame the then rulers for the collapse of the great empire, called by many "the real homeland".