Occupational Perceptions Research Articles

How to measure gender bias in machine translation: Real-world oriented machine translators, multiple reference points

In this paper, as a case study, we present a systematic study of gender bias in machine translation with Google Translate. We translated sentences containing names of occupations from Hungarian, a language with gender-neutral pronouns, into English. Our aim was to present a fair measure for bias by comparing the translations to an optimal non-biased translator. When assessing bias, we used the following reference points: (1) the distribution of men and women among occupations in both the source and the target language countries, as well as (2) the results of a Hungarian survey that examined if certain jobs are generally perceived as feminine or masculine. We also studied how expanding sentences with adjectives referring to occupations effect the gender of the translated pronouns. As a result, we found bias against both genders, but biased results against women are much more frequent. Translations are closer to our perception of occupations than to objective occupational statistics. Finally, occupations have a greater effect on translation than adjectives.

Tourism and Hospitality Management Education in Bangladesh: Problems and Prospects

Purpose: The main objective of this study is to identify the problems and prospects of tourism and hospitality higher education in Bangladesh. Methodology: The study conducted an in-depth interview with 40 stakeholders including general education specialists, subject educators, alumni students, practitioners, and policymakers. It also conducted a focus group discussion (FGD) with eight experts in this field. Respondents for in-depth interviews and the FGD were selected from the stakeholders by using convenient and judgmental sampling techniques. Narrative analysis method is used to analyze the interview data of individual respondents. Findings: The study found that seven public universities, nine private universities, and nine colleges under the National University offered degrees in tourism and hospitality management in this country. About eighty-five faculty members teach in this sector, yet less than 20 percent possess graduate and post-graduate degrees in tourism and hotel management. The analysis of the study revealed some significant problems including: less industry focused curricula and teaching-learning methods, no uniform national guidelines, poor infrastructure, and teaching staff with a predominantly non-tourism background. In addition, lack of foreign-trained faculty, entry of reluctant students, and a negative social perception of tourism occupations all pose difficulties for the industry. Practical Implications: This study helps the stakeholders to understand the problems and prospects of tourism and hospitality education in Bangladesh and empower themselves to overcome these problems. Originality: This study reveals the underlying problems and some strategic solutions for tourism and hospitality education in Bangladesh. Research Limitations: If the study can use different quantitative measures then it will be more specific.

Occupational Therapy Assistant Student Perceptions of Multi-site, Single Site, and Simulated Level I Fieldwork

Occupational Therapy Assistant Student Perceptions of Multi-site, Single Site, and Simulated Level I Fieldwork

Developing a Framework to Evaluate Occupant Perception, Satisfaction, and Adaptive Behavior in a Green Building Workplace

Developing a Framework to Evaluate Occupant Perception, Satisfaction, and Adaptive Behavior in a Green Building Workplace

Dynamic façades – An exploratory campaign to assess occupant multi-domain environmental satisfaction and façade interaction

Building occupants interact frequently with façades. These interactions simultaneously affect several domains of the indoor environment (visual, thermal, air quality and acoustic) and occupant perception, as well as the energy performance of the façades. Yet this multi-domain relationship between façade and occupant is not well understood. This gap in knowledge is particularly problematic for dynamic façades, where automated controls endeavour to improve the energy efficiency and reduce occupant dissatisfaction. In particular, it is often unclear whether an integrated multi-domain approach is strictly required when evaluating occupant satisfaction with automated or manual dynamic façades. This research provides a “proof-of-principle” that such an approach is required. This conclusion was drawn after performing. small exploratory campaign conducted in a test chamber designed specifically for occupant-façade interaction in which several human volunteers were exposed to alternative façade typologies (a single-skin façade and a closed cavity façade) and different control strategies (manual control and automated control). As expected, the results show that the effects on the indoor environmental quality, occupant satisfaction and discomfort vary in space and time, and between the façade typologies investigated. It was also found that occupant satisfaction was not only affected by whether a certain thermal or visual condition had been reached, but also on how it had been achieved, e.g. whether the actuation was perceived as disruptive by the occupants. Finally, the results show that occupant satisfaction and the level of interaction in one domain may be affected by satisfaction in other domains.

Modelling the impacts of crowds on occupants in the built environment—A static, rule-based approach to human perception and movement

A building occupant’s experiences are not passive responses to environmental stimuli, but are the results of multifaceted, prolonged interactions between people and space. We present a framework and prototype software tool for logically reasoning about occupant perception and behaviour in the context of dynamic aspects of buildings in operation, based on qualitative deductive rules. In particular, we focus on the co-presence of different user groups and the resulting impact on perceptual and functional affordances of spatial layouts by utilising the concept of spatial artefacts. As a first proof of concept of our approach, we have implemented a prototype crowd analysis software tool in our new system ASP4BIM, developed specifically to support architectural design reasoning in the context of public-facing buildings with complex signage systems and diverse intended user groups. We evaluate our prototype on the Urban Sciences Building at Newcastle University, a large, state-of-the-art living laboratory and multipurpose academic building. Our findings are that the ASP4BIM-based prototype supports a range of novel query services for formally analysing the impacts of crowds on pedestrians that are logically derived through the use of qualitative deductive rules, that complements other powerful crowd analysis approaches such as agent-based simulation.

800. Needle Stick And Sharps Injuries Among Health Care Workers – The Experience of a Tertiary Hospital in Jamaica

BackgroundDespite advances in occupational safety protocols in healthcare facilities, needle stick and sharps injuries (NSSIs) continue to be a concerning occurrence among healthcare workers (HCWs). Such exposures lead to the risk of blood borne infections as well as emotional and financial consequences which may be difficult to measure. Few studies on NSSIs among Jamaican HCWs have been published in the last decade. We evaluated adherence to established NSSIs management protocols and investigated the demographic and work-related characteristics of HCWs sustaining NSSIs. The proportion of HCWs affected and frequency and direct costs associated with these injuries were estimated.MethodsThis retrospective case-series reviewed HCWs employed or contracted to an urban tertiary teaching hospital in Jamaica, who reported NSSIs in the emergency room during the period January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2018. Archived incident reporting forms for these HCWs were reviewed. Data were analyzed using STATA 14 statistical software.Results57 cases of NSSIs were reported at an average rate of 1 per month and an annual incidence of 0.14 per 100 beds and 4.75 per 100 workers. 49 (86%) HCWs were female and 18 (14%) were male. 55% of HCWs were between the ages of 24-29 years old. Nurses (53%) and physicians (19%) made up most of the sample. 28 (58%) HCWs reported not wearing gloves during the incident. Improperly handling used sharps and re-capping needles were reported by 26 (46.5%) and 17 (30%) of HCWs respectively. HIV and viral Hepatitis screening of source patients were performed 85% and 55% of the time respectively. Only 25% of HCWs were prescribed HIV post exposure prophylaxis. Post-injury counselling occurred with 52 (91%) HCWs and follow up care arranged for 36% of cases. The mean direct cost associated with the initial management of the HCW was US &163.22 per NSSI.ConclusionThe frequency of reported NSSIs by HCWs is low but the burden of direct costs is high. There is inadequate adherence to NSSIs management protocols and accurate monitoring systems are lacking. We recommend the need for safer needle disposal methods and devices, routine auditing of sharps practices and training in occupational hazard prevention and management. This may improve occupational risk perception among HCWs and workplace safety. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Thermal comfort assessment of the first residential Passivhaus in Latin America

New approaches to building design, such as the Passivhaus standard , aim to minimise energy consumption and improve indoor environmental comfort. In 2014, the first Passivhaus dwelling in Latin America was built, and since then, other buildings have followed this approach. However, there is little published data on thermal comfort in Passivhaus certified dwellings in non-European countries. No previous study has evaluated the thermal comfort in Passivhaus buildings in Latin America. This work aims to assess the annual overheating of the first Passivhaus dwelling in Mexico City following the Passivhaus, static (CIBSE Guide A, Passivhaus, Mexican standards) and dynamic (Adaptive approach – CIBSE TM52) methodologies to assess overheating. Indoor temperature and relative humidity were measured over one-year at 5-min intervals. Temperatures above 25 °C were observed in the bedroom during 7.53% of the year, the living room (8.03%) and the kitchen (8.20%). There was a significant daily temperature variation in the kitchen (4.15 °C) and living room (6 °C). Overheating was observed through the CIBSE Guide A static criteria in the bedroom and kitchen. The Adaptive and Passivhaus criteria suggested no overheating. Passivhaus overheating criteria sets indoor temperatures as acceptable. Occupant perception of thermal comfort matched the Adaptive and Passivhaus criteria results. While the results presented here cannot be generalised, they could be used to help improve the design and performance of Passivhaus certified dwellings in similar climates’. The results highlight the potential for Passivhaus dwellings to provide comfortable indoor environments while minimising energy consumption in Latin American countries. • Overheating assessment of the first certified Passivhaus dwelling in Latin America. • Static—CIBSE, Passivhaus, Mexican Standards—and dynamic—CIBSE TM52—criteria applied. • The TM52 and Passivhaus analysis indicated that the Passivhaus was thermally comfortable. • The temperature during April and May were the most critical. • Future research is needed to inform the adoption of Passivhaus in Latin America.

Occupational Risks in Hospitals, Quality of Life, and Quality of Work Life: A Systematic Review

This study systematically reviewed the relationship between occupational risks and quality of life (QoL) and quality of work life (QWL) in hospitals. A systematic review was performed according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guide, and the protocol was submitted on the PROSPERO website (CRD 2019127865). The last search was performed in June 2021 by two independent reviewers in the main databases, a gray literature database, and a manual search (LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase, Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, Ovid). As eligibility criteria, we included observational studies, with adult hospital workers, with no restrictions on date and language, any type of instrument to assess QoL and QWL, any definition of QoL and QWL, and studies that presented the relationship between exposure and outcome. Newcastle–Ottawa was used to assess the methodological quality and RTI-Item Bank to assess the risk of bias. Given the impossibility of performing a meta-analysis, a qualitative synthesis was used to present the results. Thus, 11 studies met the criteria and were included in the review, with 6923 individuals aged 18 to 64 years. The studies were mainly carried out with health professionals (81.81%), women (63.60%), and in Asian countries (63.63%). All studies used different instruments and ways to categorize the QoL and QWL, and occupational risks. Only one study assessed occupational noise and another the ergonomic risk. All of them presented a relationship between occupational risk and quality of work life. They pointed to the need for measures to improve the lives of these professionals in the work environment. Therefore, studies show a relationship between occupational risks (noise, ergonomics, and stress) and workers’ perception of low or moderate quality of work life. However, more homogeneous studies are necessary for instruments, conceptualization, and categorization of quality of work life.

The Impact of Shift Work on Occupational Health Indicators among Professionally Active Adults: A Comparative Study.

The analysis of the impact of shift work on occupational health still needs further contributions. Therefore, we developed this research with the purpose of assessing the impact of shift work on occupational health indicators, namely burnout, work-engagement, occupational self-efficacy, and mental health functioning (symptoms of depression and anxiety), by comparing workers who did shift work (44.2% of participants) with workers who did not (55.8% of participants). A total of 695 Portuguese professionally active adults between 18 and 73 years of age (Mage = 37.71; SD = 12.64) participated in this study and completed a survey containing a sociodemographic questionnaire and four occupational health measures: The Burnout Assessment Tool, The Work-Engagement questionnaire (UWES), The Occupational Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, and the BSI-18 for mental health symptoms. Results showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) for all indicators, demonstrating that participants who worked shifts presented lower scores of work-engagement and occupational self-efficacy, and higher scores of burnout, depression, and anxiety when compared to participants who did not work shifts. Linear regressions showed that shift work explained significant but low percentages of anxiety symptoms, low work-engagement, depression symptoms, low occupational self-efficacy, and burnout. We concluded that non-standard working hours (by shifts) are detrimental to employee occupational health, by increasing the risk of anxiety and depression levels, and burnout, and by reducing work-engagement (as a well-being indicator) and occupational self-efficacy perceptions.

Evaluation of the uniformity of sound-masking systems in an open-plan office

Many open-plan offices adopt an electronic sound masking system in order to reduce distraction from background noises, primarily intruding speech. Sound masking systems should uniformly generate a masking sound over the entire office area to homogenize the speech privacy whilst minimising occupant perception of the masking sound. This study evaluates the spatial uniformity of the masking sound field in an example open-plan office, where the masking system was set up to represent supposedly optimal installation conditions; 1-speaker zones, individually-calibration of each zone to match the specified curve precisely, and smaller zones than typically specified. Sound level measurements performed as per ASTM E1573-18 were made at each workstation, as well as every 0.6 m across the office, for a total of 117 measurements. Measurement results show that tolerance of ± 0.5 dB for the overall A-weighted level is only achievable at 61% of measurement locations, whilst ± 1 dB is achievable at 99% of locations. For one-third-octave band sound pressure levels between 250 Hz and 4 kHz, ± 2 dB is achieved only 55% of the time, and tolerance of ± 3.5 dB is required to achieve 95% compliance with the specified curve. By using calibrated computer simulations, the study also examined parameters that can influence spatial uniformity in open-plan offices. It was found that the number of sound masking loudspeakers, partition height, and the scattering and absorption coefficient of the ceiling all affect the uniformity of the masking sound. Speech intelligibility was assessed by calculating the Articulation Index (AI) to determine an acceptable tolerance for masking sound variation. Increasing the number of loudspeakers was the most effective way to improve the uniformity of the masking sound. The AI results suggest ± 2 dB, when including octave band sound pressure levels, is a minimum required tolerance for a sound masking sound field in an open office to provide AI values within ± 0.1 of the targeted value across the office area.

Occupational Risk Perception and occupational and work-related diseases prevention

Abstract Background It is estimated 6500 daily deaths by occupational diseases with a high social and economic impact. Several studies show that the perception of occupational risks acts as a precursor to preventive attitudes and behaviors of workers. Nevertheless, attention paid to the perception of occupational risks is scarce and even controversial. This study focuses on a model used by behavioral safety programs associating it with the psychometric paradigm, to understand the worker's risk perception of a Portuguese Health Education and Research Institution (Portugal). Methods This cross-sectional study covered a total of 84 workers. Of these,73% had a very differentiated academic background (doctorate, and post-doctorate degrees). Workers can carry out their activities in more than one work area.60% work in Research, 49% in the Education, 42% in Laboratories and 47,6% in the General and Administrative Services. Risk perception (cognitive and emotional) was assessed using an online questionnaire that also included sociodemographic and occupational information and perception of exposure to occupational hazards. Results 95% of participants reported exposure to at least one occupational risk factor, but only 22% perceived the risk (probability of accidents and illnesses associated with the work performed). There was a positive correlation between the perception of exposure to occupational hazards and risk perception (p &amp;lt; 0,001) and that, the greater the perceived risk, the lower the tolerance to it (p &amp;lt; 0,001).While teaching, research and laboratory work is associated with low perception and high-risk tolerance, individual variables such as gender, age, educational qualifications, and professional category did not influence the perception of risk. Conclusions Understanding how risk is perceived by workers is determinant for the effective occupational risk management. Key messages Occupational risk perception is necessary to prevention of occupational and work-related diseases. Occupational risk perception is determinant for the complementarity of the on-site diagnosis of real work situations and relevant for dynamization of Occupational Health services.

Leisure in mental health occupational therapy interventions: a qualitative investigation

Mental health care has been shifting from treating mental illness to health promotion. Occupational therapists aligned with the new paradigm can include leisure in their recovery-oriented interventions helping mental health patients live a meaningful and satisfactory life. The aim of this paper is to determine the common perceptions of leisure among occupational therapists who practice in mental health settings, and to understand how they implement leisure as an intervention when working with individuals with severe mental health disorders. A qualitative methodology was used to explore Occupational Therapy perceptions of leisure. Through snowball sampling 5 occupational therapists from a metropolitan city in the Midwest of the United States of America to complete a semi-structured interview were recruited. American Occupational Therapy Association Practice Framework (3rd edition) guided the thematic analysis. Three themes emerged, including Concepts of Leisure, Occupations, and Leisure as Therapy. Theme definitions, examples and implications are discussed. Although occupational therapy practitioners in mental health consider leisure important, it is underutilized in their interventions. The professional’s perspectives of leisure influences how they include it in their practice.

Explaining changes in perceived wildfire risk related to the mountain pine beetle outbreak in north central Colorado

Longitudinal studies of risk perception, while growing, remain an understudied area of risk analysis research. Natural resource-based communities provide a key backdrop for analyzing dynamic risk perceptions and related social-ecological processes. Since the mid-1990s, a mountain pine beetle (MPB) outbreak has affected roughly 3.4 million acres of north central Colorado forests. Slow-moving landscape changes have taken place as a result of the outbreak, making it a relevant case study in which to examine wildfire and forest risk perceptions over time. In 2018, we replicated and expanded a 2007 mail survey of residents about local response to the MPB outbreak in nine north central Colorado communities. Using the initial and follow-up survey data from these study communities, we examined the changing wildfire risk perception and its relationships with various aspects of local human–nature interactions. The longitudinal surveys showed that perceptions of all forest risks except for forest fire and falling trees declined across the two study phases. Respondents in the 2018 survey also indicated increases in perceived likelihood of a wildfire, perceived severity of possible wildfire damage, and general concern about wildfire hazard. The analysis suggested that evolving wildfire risk perception was strongly associated with a number of explanatory variables and personal characteristics. Higher levels of perceived tree mortality, community interaction and communication, and individual actions in response to forest risks were consistently related to greater odds of indicating increased wildfire risk perception. In general, community social vulnerability, perceived tree re-growth, satisfaction with local management entities, and age were negatively related to the likelihood of having elevated perceptions of fire risk, whereas males and forest-related occupations were associated with relatively lower odds of reporting increases in perceived wildfire risk. Significant influencing factors for change also varied across the cognitive and affective dimensions of wildfire risk perception. Findings of this research have important implications for conceptual approaches, management and policy, as well as social-ecological indication and analysis in forest risk related areas.

Meaning of Gaze Behaviors in Individuals' Perception and Interpretation of Commercial Interior Environments: An Experimental Phenomenology Approach Involving Eye-Tracking.

A critical question in interior design is how multisensory information is integrated into occupant perception and interpretation of the environmental contexts and meanings. Although there have been efforts to identify and theorize visual perception of interior factors or features (e.g., colors, fixtures, and signs), the hidden meanings behind visual attention and behaviors have been neglected in interior design research. This experimental phenomenological study investigates the impact of auditory stimuli on the gaze behaviors of individuals and the hidden meanings of their audio-visual perceptions of commercial interiors. Implementing eye-tracking and open-ended interviews, this study explored how the neurophysiological and phenomenological methods in complementary can serve for interior design research on the meaning of gaze behaviors. The study used a convenience sample of 26 participants, three coffee shop interior images, and two musical stimuli. Essential to this study is the interpretive analysis of corresponding eye-tracking and interview data. The results show that visual perception is affected by auditory stimuli and other interior elements and factors associated with personal experiences; however, no distinct gaze pattern is identified by the type of auditory stimuli. The fixation patterns showed mixed reflections of the participants' perceptions, e.g., a single fixation pattern reflecting participants' likes and dislikes. Findings included six essential meanings of participants' gaze behaviors. This study suggested that auditory and visual stimuli are reciprocal in individuals' perceptions. Rather than one affects the other, the interaction between sensory stimuli contributes to the complexity and intensity of multisensory stimuli people associate with their experiences and conceptualize with meanings they establish.

Spatial uniformity tolerances for sound masking systems in open-plan offices

Electronic sound masking systems raise the ambient sound level in offices to a controlled minimum sound level in order to increase speech privacy and reduce distractions. Sound masking systems are calibrated to provide the most uniform sound field achievable, as a spatially non-uniform masking sound field could result in occupant perception and uneven speech privacy conditions. Tolerances for acceptable spatial uniformity vary between specifiers, and may be based on different evaluation methods using only a few discrete measurement points to represent an entire office space. However, the actual uniformity of a masking sound field across an office, and the parameters influencing it, has not been widely investigated. Thus, this study aims to investigate the masking sound uniformity in a typical open-plan office space using fine-grid measurements conforming to measurement method of ASTM E1573-18. Percentages of measured locations where the sound pressure levels were within specified tolerances (with increments of 0.5 dB) were calculated using the measured 1/3 octave band levels. The research also utilized geometric acoustical simulations to investigate how physical office parameters (number of loudspeakers, partition heights, ceiling absorption, and diffusion characteristics) affect the sound field uniformity of the sound masking system.

The Perception of Thermal Comfort in Malaysia Public Low-Cost Housing

In Malaysia, the thermal comfort of low-cost high-rise housing has not been widely given a significant emphasis in the qualitative study despite its increasing scale and significance in the urban areas. Occupant’s perception and adaptive behaviour are important to achieve the level of satisfaction in terms of a comfortable living environment. This paper assesses the occupants’ perception and behaviour in a low-cost high-rise housing development that has been argued with various problems which have a considerable impact on lifestyle. Understanding of comfort as social and cultural behaviour, rather than an engineering approach. This research shows the results of a pilot study that utilized a qualitative strategy for analysing thermal comfort, rather than using the standard thermal comfort research methodologies. The building of study, in the category of low-cost high rise residential located at the urban context of Kuala Lumpur housing area, which is mainly natural ventilated with a versatile adaptive possibility available for the occupants. The outcomes signify the adaptive behaviour that enhances or limit the thermal comfort-related varieties. The results from the pilot study direct for more extensive research and comparison with previous qualitative studies.&#x0D; Keywords: Thermal comfort, Qualitative study, Occupant perception, Adaptive behaviour, Housing

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of individual-level interventions to reduce occupational stress perceptions among teachers

Teachers are largely affected by OS, during their most productive years, leading to catastrophic physical, psychological, and economic burden on themselves, families and society by large. Teachers are responsible for producing the workforce of any nation, and thus have a major impact indirectly on the economy and health of a nation. There are several individual-level interventions conducted to reduce occupational stress (OS) among teachers. This study was conducted to systematically review and conduct a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of individual-level interventions to reduce occupational stress among teachers. This review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; Registration ID: CRD42020149277) and followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, PsycInfo, and Web of Science databases were searched using predefined search strategies covering the eligibility criteria. Studies were selected in four rounds. Risk of bias assessments were conducted with GRADE recommendations and ROBINS-I criteria for randomized and non-randomized interventions, respectively. Study selection, data extraction and bias assessments were performed independ ently by two reviewers with a third reviewer to resolve conflicts. Narrative synthesis of the findings were also performed. Clinical, methodological, and statistical heterogeneity assessments were conduct ed. Meta-analyses were performed with Review Manager 5.3 software using the "generic inverse variance method" with mean difference as the pooled estimate. Sensitivity analyses of the findings was also performed. At the initial search, 293 articles were identified and 29 subsequently selected for synthesis of findings. The findings of the meta-analysis indicated that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and relaxation interventions significantly reduced OS among teachers with an effect size of 6.2 (p < 0.001). Effect size was highest for combined CBT and relaxation interventions which was 6.57 (p < 0.001). Relaxation interventions only and CBT interventions only had effect sizes of 3.35 (p < 0.001) and 3.12 (p = 0.002) respectively. In sensitivity analysis, after removing low-quality studies, CBT interventions only, combined CBT and relaxation interventions and overall effect size were 6.31 (p < 0.00001), 17.36 (p < 0.00001), and 14.55 (p < 0.00001), respectively, ie, substantially greater than with low-quality studies included. Inconclusion, CBT and relaxation interventions reduce OS among teachers and it's most effective when those individual-level interventions are conducted together.

A Transformation from the Cages of Spirits to the Spiritual Organizations: Different Solutions to Employee Oriented Issues

Nowadays, changes in socioeconomic compositions, advancement in technology, consumption mania, increasing the speed of digital contents, momentary satisfaction from the increasing speed of access to information, the stress in the workplace, fear from loneliness or being isolated from the society lead individuals to search for or attribute a meaning both to their personal and work life. The impact of this search in workplaces is seen in the form of differences in the personal perception of occupation and expectation from it. Employees who spend most of their daily life in the workplaces have become people asking why they are doing what they do at work and querying what benefit their occupations brings to themselves and society. Despite all efforts in increasing the performance of employees in organizations that has only production-oriented operations, the loss of motivation in workplaces cannot be prevented. Organizations for profit that do not inquire a mission become “cages for the spirit” of their employees in time. With the awareness of all these issues in workplaces, in this study, we discuss the need to create different solutions to people-oriented institutional problems through the use of emotional intelligence and spiritual quotient. The importance of the terms; spiritual quotient, spiritual institutions, emotional intelligence, mission inquiry, and enrichment and expansion of vision in the literature will be searched carefully, and content analysis for these terms will be done. Through this analysis, we will discuss if new horizons can be created in the field of human resources management.

Empower Generations: Longitudinal Study for National Capacities in Life Sciences and Healthcare

BackgroundThe decrease in the number of adolescents showing genuine interest in the fields of healthcare has been one of the recent concerns worldwide. A plethora of studies have discussed the factors that influence career choices of high school students, including science educational pedagogies, gender, environment, the student’s cognitive capabilities, and social perceptions of occupations being gender-based. As reported in 2012, a majority of the Qatari high-school students have shown a greater interest in business, technological, and administrative careers and a lower interest in healthcare. Comprehensive national and institutional strategies have since been utilized to direct the interest of Qatari generation toward healthcare careers.ObjectiveThe primary objective of this case-control study is to assess the effect of schooling type on the enrollment in the Empower Generations (EG) career training in healthcare at the Qatar University. The secondary objectives are: (1) to describe the effect of initial career interest on the EG and healthcare majors composite’s enrollments and (2) assess the association between the history of enrollment in EG and university GPAs.MethodThis is a case-control study that utilized the Qatar University’s enrollment databases for the health professions majors, that is, Health Sciences, Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dentistry. The datasets were collected from the registration records between 2013 and 2020. The statistical analysis was performed on the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 26; the study used Chi-Square Test and Independence and logistic regression to assess the effect of schooling type and initial career interest on the enrollment in the EG training at the Qatar University. All statistics were tested for p = 0.05 and 95% CI.ResultsTotal QU-Health records of admissions from 2013 to 2020 involve 562 eligible students. A total of 180 students (32%) attended EG training before they were admitted to QU-Health, whereas a total of 382 (68%) were enrolled to QU-Health without attending EG training. The study revealed significant findings regarding the association between EG training and international schools (p &amp;lt; 0.001). Among the group who attended EG training, there were 63 students (75%) who reported that they did not have an initial career interest before they joined the EG training compared to 21 students (25%) reported that they did not have an initial career interest but enrolled immediately to healthcare majors. The findings indicate insignificant association between the history of EG training and the high school percentage p = 0.397. However, the association between a history of EG training and the university’s GPA is significant, with a p &amp;lt; 0.001, OR 5.016 (2.954–8.518).ConclusionThe study has shown significant association between the EG training enrollment and the type of school and the initial career interest of high school students. The EG training is perceived to direct the interest of high school students toward the careers of healthcare and is thought to enhance the performance of college students through their university’s GPAs.