Perceptions Of Managers Research Articles

Managers perception of hospital employees’ effort-reward imbalance

ObjectiveHospitals are frequently associated with poor working conditions that can lead to work stress and increase the risk for reduced employee well-being. Managers can shape and improve working conditions and thereby, the health of their teams. Thus, as a prerequisite, managers need to be aware of their employees’ stress levels. This study had two objectives: At first, it aimed to test the criterion validity of the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) questionnaire measuring psychosocial workload in hospital employees. Secondly, mean scales of the ERI questionnaire filled in by employees were compared with mean scales of an adapted ERI questionnaire, in which managers assessed working conditions of their employees.MethodsManagers (n = 141) from three hospitals located in Germany assessed working conditions of their employees with an adapted external, other-oriented questionnaire. Employees (n = 197) of the mentioned hospitals completed the short version of the ERI questionnaire to assess their working conditions. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were applied to test factorial validity, using the ERI scales for the two study groups. Criterion validity was assessed with multiple linear regression analysis of associations between ERI scales and well-being among employees.ResultsThe questionnaires demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties in terms of internal consistency of scales, although some indices of model fit resulting from CFA were of borderline significance. Concerning the first objective, effort, reward, and the ratio of effort-reward imbalance were significantly associated with well-being of employees. With regard to the second objective, first tentative findings showed that managers’ ratings of their employees’ effort at work was quite accurate, whereas their reward was overestimated.ConclusionsWith its documented criterion validity the ERI questionnaire can be used as a screening tool of workload among hospital employees. Moreover, in the context of work-related health promotion, managers’ perceptions of their employees’ workload deserve increased attention as first findings point to some discrepancies between their perceptions and those provided by employees.

Nurses’ education, knowledge and perceptions of peripheral intravenous catheter management: A web-based, cross-sectional survey

BackgroundPeripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) are the most used invasive medical device. Unfortunately, PIVCs fail for a variety of reasons and failure often results in serious adverse events leading to patient discomfort, infection, delays in treatment, increased healthcare costs, and even death. In Australia, qualified nurses assess, manage, and remove a PIVC as part of their clinical role. To date, no study has described the current state of knowledge and confidence (self-efficacy) about PIVCs from the perspectives of qualified nurses working in Australian hospital settings.AimsTo describe the current state of knowledge and confidence (self-efficacy) about PIVC management from the perspectives of qualified nurses working in Australian hospital settings. To explore how these related to the education received by these nurses.MethodsAn online cross-sectional survey.FindingsQualified nurses in Australia thought that education about PIVCs was important and that it should be underpinned by evidence-based guidelines. Knowledge Test score for the sample was 12.4/17 (SD 2.1), this equates to a mean grade of 73.0%. Respondents reported very high levels of confidence about caring for a patient with a PIVC in situ.ConclusionDespite the frequent and increasing use of PIVCs and importantly the documented adverse events associated with poor assessment, management and inappropriate removal, qualified nurses’ knowledge and confidence remain poorly reported. We demonstrated fundamental gaps in qualified nurses’ knowledge in relation to assessment, management, and removal of PIVCs.

Perceptions of Non-Government Organisations Managers About International Financial Reporting Standards in NGOs Sector: A Case Study of a Large NGO in Durban, South Africa

The role of international financial reporting standards (IFRS) in the growth of organisations has expanded significantly in recent literature. Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are crucial in global affairs and have different operating contexts, but it is unclear how their use of IFRS is of sufficient quality to satisfy various stakeholders' interests. On this question, this article investigated the managers' perceptions of IFRS practices and quality in a large NGO in Durban, South Africa. A qualitative approach was employed, and data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 24 purposively selected participants. The interviews were recorded and later transcribed. Robustness analysis was performed using conventional thematic content analysis. Evidence from this study showed that despite adopting IFRS accounting and financial procedures, the managers of the selected NGO found it difficult to have quality financial statements due to IFRS for SMEs failing to fit NGOs' operating context. This article established NGOs managers' perceptions of the role of IFRS in managing diverse NGOs stakeholders' interests, provided recommendations applicable to similar NGOs globally and contributed to the scholarly debates for policymakers and practitioners on using IFRS for SMEs in NGOs. This study has also provided a very robust plan for future researchers.

Public–Private Partnerships: A Fresh Risk-Based Approach to Water Sector Projects

This study focused on the unbalanced relationships that can arise in current public–private partnership (PPP) risk management frameworks, especially in developing countries’ water sectors. Different stakeholders’ perceptions of risk management were examined by analyzing 15 interviews in Portugal and Mozambique. The hybrid method included semantic, descriptive statistic, content, and narrative analyses. To achieve the research objectives, the semi-structured interview transcripts were processed using quantitative and qualitative techniques to collate relevant actors’ opinions of risk management in PPP water projects. Five risk categories were identified. The interviewed experts ranked the financial risk category as the most crucial, followed by infrastructure, commercial, technical and operational, and context risks. However, when the transcripts were evaluated from a risk factor perspective, the context risk category unexpectedly jumped to first place. Twenty-five high-impact risk factors were isolated in the semi-structured interview contents. The top five most critical risk factors were political interference, no performance measurement baselines, an unfavorable private investment climate, nonpayment of bills, and water assets uncertain condition. The results comprise a fresh contribution to the existing knowledge about experts’ perceptions of PPP contract risks, including that prior research and specialists categorize financial risks as the most important. The findings further reveal that experts consider managing context risks to be the key factor in PPPs success in developing countries, as well as highlighting the need to explore these risks more fully in emerging economies’ water sectors. In addition, a complete risk management cycle is proposed based on the interviewed professionals’ opinions, in which risk assessment and risk treatment or mitigation measures are dealt with simultaneously.

Juvenile probation officer perception of contingency management to target caregiver engagement and training outcomes

Few community-based substance use treatment programs are available or skilled in treating justice-involved youth, highlighting the need to equip juvenile probation officers with the skills to deliver evidence-based substance use treatment. Contingency management (CM) is evidence-based for treating substance use and shows promise for juvenile probation officers’ successful uptake (positive opinions and trainability). However, research has not examined whether probation officers’ positive beliefs and trainability generalize to target behaviors beyond those displayed by youth, but that nevertheless affect youth outcomes. This study examined probation officers’ perceptions of using CM to engage caregivers and assessed probation officers’ CM knowledge and CM delivery after training in a protocol-specific CM program for caregivers of substance-using youth on probation. Results showed probation officers were ambivalent about CM for caregivers. Results also showed that age, training format and how competency is assessed may be essential to consider. Implications for the dissemination of CM and future research are discussed.

An explainable financial risk early warning model based on the DS-XGBoost model

This study constructed a financial risk early warning model based on the d-S Evidence theory-XGBoost (DS-XGBoost) and analysed the model explainability combined with SHAP. Taking China's listed manufacturing companies from 2012 to 2021 as samples, this paper combines financial indicators, corporate governance and management perception to construct a more comprehensive financial risk early warning system. It is found that the model constructed in this study improves the performance of the financial risk early warning model, quantifies the contribution and correlation of features, enhances the model's explainability and reliability, and can provide information users with a more accurate decision-making basis.

Pengaruh Persepsi dan Partisipasi dalam Manajemen Rantai Pasok Berkelanjutan: Studi pada Pengguna Smartphone di Kota Semarang

This study aims to determine consumer perception and participation in sustainable supply chain management of smartphone products in the city of Semarang. The study was carried out by examining consumer perception and participation in sustainable supply chain management on purchase intention. This study also examines whether purchase intention mediates consumers' willingness to pay more. The data collection method used was survey questionnaire, the sampling method used was purposive sampling with an unlimited number of population. The data that has been collected is processed using SmartPLS to determine the direct and indirect effects of purchase intention on willingness to pay more. The result of this study indicates that there is a direct effect of purchase intention on willingness to pay more. The results also show that there is an influence of perception and participation in sustainable supply chain management on purchase intention and willingness to pay more.

Analysis of factors affecting the adoption of IFRS in an emerging economy

This study examines the factors that facilitate or impede the voluntary adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in an emerging market. We propose practical solutions that are necessary for successful IFRS implementation in enterprises. To collect research data, we surveyed 350 enterprises in Vietnam using a non-probability convenience sampling method. Using qualitative research methods (through case studies and expert surveys) combined with quantitative and structural equation modelling (SEM), this study analyses the causal relationship between the influencing factors and enterprises' willingness to apply IFRS voluntarily. Evidence indicates that compliance with accounting regulations and principles, qualifications and experience of accountants, accounting regimes and government circulars, capabilities and perceptions of managers, and the benefits of IFRS adoption positively impact the application of IFRS. In addition, the factors of firm size and audit activities have a positive effect on promoting the willingness of enterprises to apply IFRS, while tax pressure and accounting psychology negatively affect the application of IFRS. By contrast, tax pressure and accounting psychology harm the application of IFRS. The study has limitations regarding the sample size, geographical scope, and sampling method. Even so, together with other studies drawn in alternative contexts, our findings are helpful to account for policymakers, regulators and businesses in different emerging countries to adopt IFRS in their countries successfully. The new insights gained in this study can help overcome the limitations of the conventional IFRS approach and design appropriate policies and roadmaps to improve the applicability of IFRS. The present study contributes significantly to the theory and practice at the end of the preparatory phase and the beginning of the voluntary phase of IFRS adoption in Vietnam. This is also the period where Vietnamese policymakers have announced their strategic plan for full IFRS adoption by 2025.

Managerial perception on competition and strategic R&D decisions

Managerial perception on competition and strategic R&D decisions

Employee Perceptions of the COVID-19 Pandemic Management in Construction Sector: A Survey-Based Study of Bangladesh

Purpose This article aims to signify the influences of the COVID-19 outbreak on the construction sector which resulted in project setbacks, labor shortages, work cuts, time and expense overruns, and financial uncertainty that significantly disrupted major infrastructure development programs worldwide. Approach In order to assess the current perception of the construction sector fighting with COVID-19, an online-based semi-structured and self-reported questionnaire survey was conducted from November 23 to November 30, 2020, involving the Project Manager, Managing Director, Project Engineer, Architect/designer, and Site Engineer. Therefore, raw data were documented (edited, sorted, and coded) by using Microsoft Excel 2019 which was later imported to IBM SPSS version 25.0 to analyze frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, ANOVA, and chi-square tests. Findings The majority of the respondents claimed that they have experienced financial and mental difficulties in the forms of losing their job, temporary suspension, deduction in salary, no festival bonus, delayed payment, etc. Participants demanded strict monitoring systems, sufficient medical facilities, and exact pandemic mitigation policies in both the workplace and nationwide. Furthermore, it is vital that the policy-makers should review the strategies and make the necessary adjustments to address any potential problems that arise once in a while like COVID-19. Originality This research will contribute to refined personnel management by analyzing the insight impacts of this pandemic prior to precarious shutoff. Policymakers will surely find it helpful enough for reviewing the current and longer-term impacts of this crisis to organize the plans and implementations regarding effective pandemic management.

Vertical Integration & Performance in Residential Real Estate

Vertical integration is a growth strategy whereby a firm engages in multiple stages of the value chain. Although the benefits of vertical integration are well documented, few studies have examined its relevance in real estate. In response to this lack of research, this paper explores tenant perceptions of property managers’ vertical integration and effectiveness. The results of this international study show the benefits of vertical integration extend to residential real estate, such that renters are more trusting, loyal, committed, and desirable when they perceive their property manager as vertically integrated. This paper also uncovers a concering finding that many tenants are living in unaffordable rental accomodations, requiring further research. This study contributes to a large body of vertical integration literature and extends the empirical examinations to real estate and property management.

Resolutividade no Subsistema de Atenção à Saúde Indígena (SASI-SUS): análise em um serviço de referência no Amazonas, Brasil

Problem-solving is one of the principles of the Unified Health System (SUS) in Brazil, with its ability to solve the health problems of the population at different levels of complexity. The Indigenous Health Care Subsystem (SASI-SUS) is part of this service, respecting the specificities of indigenous populations. The scope of this article is to analyze the perception of professionals and managers of an Indigenous Health Center (CASAI) regarding its ability to cope with the circumstances of the pandemic. It involved qualitative and descriptive research under the National Health Care Policy for Indigenous Peoples (PNASPI) and Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutic theory. Interviews were conducted with participants in order to record the experiences in the work process of the actors who assist the indigenous people housed at CASAI. Four essential themes were identified in the interviews: cultural care; permanent education in health & health education; negotiation & improvisation; and reception & infrastructure. CASAI is an institution that is more than a support center or accommodation, being a crossover point between the different levels of care and knowledge production of the indigenous people, as well as a place for establishing a relationship, resulting in a problem-solving space.

Analysis of the use of industry 4.0 technologies as competitive advantage

Industry 4.0 was born amid a technological breakthrough and development which set information out to become a valuable element in strengthening competitive advantages and innovation processes to improve organizations productivity performance. For this, the scientific and business community is debating the negative and positive effects of these technologies and their relationship with business management, in the search for sustainable solutions for organizations. In this sense, the main purpose of this article is to identify the perceptions of SME managers in Colombia on the importance of implementing information technologies to promote competitive advantages that match the pace of industry 4.0. The research method used in the study was analysed by sampling using the questionnaire as a data collection tool. 75 managers provided complete and useful answers to this research. The collected data were analysed using different regression models were carried out; showing like principal results that a greater use of these technologies generates a positive impact on the competitive ad-vantage related to price/cost, quality, delivery reliability, product innovation and time to market. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to the analysis.

MENADŽERSKE PERCEPCIJE IZVOZNIH BARIJERA: UVID DOBIVEN ANKETOM PROVEDENOM U ICT TVRTKAMA NA KOSOVU

This study investigates the managerial perceptions of export barriers of Kosovo ICT companies and provides some policy proposals. For this purpose, the study uses a survey of owners or managers of the ICT companies in Kosovo. The data collected through an online questionnaire survey using a Qualtrics platform were analysed. The survey results reveal four significant export barriers: external institutional barriers, such as visa requirement for Kosovo to visit companies in EU and access to international markets, financing issues for scaling up and growth and human resources barriers, and difficulties in having comprehensive information about the target markets and finding the right partner. Findings from the factor analysis clustered barriers to export into four groups: (1) formal and informal institutions; (2) market information and networking; (3) skills, technical capacities, and quality standards; and (4) International branding, visa requirement and lack of government support. The findings will help boost the growth potential ICT sector, address their needs, and raise policy awareness of the importance of the ICT sector for generating employment and economic growth. The study provides critical practical implications and policy recommendations for government, business associations and ICT companies.

The Impact of a Nurse Leader Learning Laboratory on Nurse Manager Perception of Leadership Competency and Skills.

This quality improvement project sought to improve nurse managers' perceptions of leadership competencies through experiential nurse leader laboratories. Nurse managers attended a 3-month pilot of nurse leader learning laboratories that included didactic and experiential components derived from the American Organization for Nursing Leadership's competencies. Clinical significance can be inferred from increases in postintervention Emotional Intelligence Assessment scores and postintervention increases in all categories of the American Organization for Nursing Leadership's Nurse Manager Skills Inventory; therefore, healthcare organizations stand to reap the benefits of cultivating leadership competencies among experienced and novice tenured nurse managers.

Integration of human papillomavirus associated anal cancer screening into HIV care and treatment program in Pakistan: perceptions of policymakers, managers, and care providers

BackgroundThe incidence of anal cancer, largely associated with anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, is increasing among men who have sex with men (MSM), and transgender women living with or without HIV. Screening for anal cancer to detect anal precancerous lesions in high-risk groups is an important opportunity for prevention but still lacking in many low-and-middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to explore the readiness of Pakistan’s healthcare system to integrate anal cancer and HPV screening into a national HIV program, as perceived by policymakers, health managers, and healthcare providers.DesignThis qualitative study using key-informant interviews with participants influence in policy making, implementation and advocacy from public and private sector were conducted between March 2021 to August 2021 in Karachi Pakistan.MethodsKey informants were purposely selected from different domains of the healthcare system responsible for the target group of interest, MSM and transgender-women in general and people living with HIV in particular. A total of 18 key informants, at different levels of seniority were recruited from governmental and non-governmental organizations, high-level infectious disease healthcare managers, and United Nations Program representatives. Qualitative content analysis was used to identify the manifest and latent themes, based on socioecological framework.ResultsThe results were grouped into five major themes; (1) The policy context and priorities, (2) Health systems factors, (3) Community environment, (4) Healthcare setting & providers and (5) Individual-level obstacles. The policy actors expressed their concerns about their limited voice in country’s health and health related priority setting. Informants reported a lack of political will and suggested that government should bring a change in the paradigm of healthcare service delivery from reactive to proactive approach. Although, participants unanimously favored integration of HPV preventive services into existing HIV program, they also identified several service delivery barriers including trained workforce shortage, limited capacity of information technology, lack of supplies needed for screening, lack of financing, and lack of services that could meet key-populations needs. Participants also predicted other implementation challenges such as stigma, social victimization, and systemic discrimination against at-risk groups at healthcare facilities.ConclusionAlthough policy makers and health providers in Pakistan saw a clear need to scale-up and integrate anal cancer screening for key populations, the feasibility of this is dependent on political will, financing, anti-stigma and discrimination interventions and health system efficiency.

The managerial perception of uncertainty and cost elasticity

Theoretical research demonstrates the important role of uncertainty in shaping a firm's cost elasticity. We contribute to this literature by analyzing the inherent tension between the effects of uncertainty about unit contribution margin (CM) and sales volume on cost elasticity. We identify the occurrence of words implying uncertainty in managerial forward-looking statements and employ a novel methodology to construct distinct measures of the managerial perceptions of overall, unit CM, and volume uncertainty. We find a significantly positive (negative) association between the uncertainty about unit CM (volume) and cost elasticity. These associations vary predictably with firm and industry characteristics. Our empirical evidence supports the theoretical argument that managerial perceptions of uncertainty and its components differentially influence their resource allocation decisions and suggests that any analysis of the relation between uncertainty and a firm's cost elasticity should specify the type of uncertainty as well as the firm and industry characteristics.

Human capital and legal perspectives on remote work: recommendations for organizations

PurposeAs a result of COVID-19 and associated stay-at-home orders, the number of employees working remotely reached unprecedented levels during early periods of the pandemic. Since that time, some employees have returned to the office; yet, there is a lasting impact on employees’ desires for remote work. In response, decision-makers in organizations should be equipped with knowledge regarding what makes remote work beneficial for both employees and the organization and also fair and compliant with the law. This paper aims to take a dual perspective spanning human capital and legal aspects of remote work to offer six practical recommendations to organizations.Design/methodology/approachThis paper reviews the human resources (HR) scholarly literature on remote work, using principles from evidence-based management to select valid and reliable findings in which to base practical recommendations for organizations. Associated legal risks are identified through a review of the legal literature on remote work and integrated into the recommendations.FindingsBuilding on a multilevel model of HR practices, the authors offer the following six practical recommendations to organizations: offer hybrid work and both location and schedule flexibility; ensure fair and compliant work schedules; acknowledge manager perceptions; ensure fair approval and evaluation of remote workers; acknowledge individual workers; and align remote work practices with diversity, equity and inclusion efforts.Originality/valueThe multilevel model of remote work practices discussed in this paper offers an organizing framework for identifying advantages and disadvantages of remote work that future research may build upon. The six recommendations help bridge the research–practice gap by providing organizations with knowledge on how to maximize the benefits of remote work while mitigating potential legal risks.

Human perceptions of competing interests in springs ecosystem management on public land in southwestern United States

Spring ecosystems provide vital services to humans and wildlife in northern Arizona. Management of springs presents unique challenges due to the diversity of stakeholders and the multiple uses of springs. We employ two methods of data collection to understand the perceptions of springs ecosystem management: interviews and focus groups with stakeholders of springs in Coconino National Forest (CNF) and Kaibab National Forest (KNF) and a national survey aimed towards public perceptions. We analyze the human perceptions of springs to understand variations between stakeholders and how perceptions of stakeholders and the public vary. Our results indicate differences between human perceptions and current management practices. The main competing interests of springs management are cattle grazing, recreation, and Indigenous Nations' cultural significance. The survey respondents, representative of public perceptions, indicate springs management for Indigenous Nations' cultural significance is important. We see positive correlation between concern for threats to springs from grazing and management to prioritize cultural significance indicating respondents prefer springs to be managed for cultural significance. Cattle grazing and other high impact human uses are viewed less favorably than other management scenarios. Stakeholders' perceptions varied and non-Indigenous stakeholders suggested management should be based on multiple uses and management focused on specific attributes of springs valuable to humans. Our results of the survey respondents’ perceptions for management of Indigenous culture and some support from stakeholders show a joint management concept might be beneficial for springs management in the CNF and KNF. Using the information we collected on the perceptions of spring ecosystems management, we discuss mechanisms for springs management to increase the ability for springs to provide cultural significance values to Indigenous Nations by potentially limiting high impact and degrading uses of springs. We provide results and examples of how all stakeholders can have the ability to benefit from the resources springs provide.

Robots in Tourism and Hospitality: The Perception of Future Professionals

This research is aimed at analyzing the perception of future tourism professionals about the presence of robots in the hospitality industry. It was based on data obtained from undergraduate and master students in tourism and hospitality, through a questionnaire that sought to assess their perceptions regarding hospitality, novelty, culture, robot performance management in the tourism industry, and their willingness to work in a partially robotized environment in the future. The analysis of the perceptions of future tourism and hospitality professionals was performed based on a structural equation model and revealed that perceptions of novelty and performance management have a significantly positive impact on the willingness of participants to work in a partially robot environment in the future. When the intention to use robots in the future is included in the model, this positive effect decreases. The current existing research on the application of artificial intelligence in hospitality and tourism has, mainly, focused on the customer or the hotelier, making it important to understand how generations of future employees in hospitality and tourism view the use of this type of technology, anticipating any future less favorable situations.