Perceptions Of Injustice Research Articles

Mass Euroscepticism revisited: The role of distributive justice

This article advances research into mass Euroscepticism by investigating the role of distributive justice. Drawing on cross-national survey data from 23 countries, the study shows that perceived injustice of individual opportunities (i.e. educational and job opportunities) and outcomes (i.e. earnings) nourish Eurosceptic sentiments, independent of objective inequalities. However, the public response to distributive injustice varies across European Union (EU) member states, as high domestic corruption levels dampen the apparent link to EU accountability. Perceptions of injustice concerning earnings provide a potential breeding ground for Euroscepticism in member states with low levels of corruption, while EU scapegoating regarding earnings injustice does not manifest itself in member states with the highest levels of corruption. These results are supportive of a justice-based approach in understanding varieties of Euroscepticism across Europe.

“It’s us against them up there”: Spreading online disinformation as populist collective action

Although recent literature has increasingly captured the role of users in the information disorder, we still do not fully understand why people spread disinformation. Therefore, the current study sheds some light on the characteristics and motivations of people who contribute to the spreading of disinformation. Following the literature on collective action, the spreading of disinformation is conceptualized as populist collective action which is influenced by a populist identity, injustice perceptions, participatory efficacy, and alternative media use. These assumptions are tested against a representative survey of German users. The analysis reveals the spreading of disinformation to be mainly predicted by anger towards the government and the use of alternative media for political news. The theoretical and societal implications of these findings are discussed.

Supervisor interactional injustice and employee counterproductive work behaviour and organisational citizenship behaviours: the mediating role of distrust

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to draw on the agent-system model of (in)justice and negative norm of reciprocity of social exchange theory to examine the indirect impact of supervisory interactional injustice (i.e. interpersonal and informational) on employees’ target-specific extra-role work behaviours [counterproductive work behaviour directed at supervisor (CWB-S) and organisational citizenship behaviour directed at supervisor (OCB-S)] via distrust in supervisor.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a two-wave study, and participants (n = 401) were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk using a survey methodology. Bias-corrected confidence intervals (CIs) constructed in 20,000 bootstrap samples were used to test the mediation effects.FindingsThe findings indicated that interpersonal and informational injustice are positively related to employees’ distrust in supervisor. Furthermore, interpersonal and informational injustice indirectly affected CWB-S and OCB-S via distrust in supervisor.Research limitations/implicationsSeveral limitations and future research should be discussed. First, the cross-sectional nature of this study prevented us from establishing the causal direction implied by the mediation models in this research. Second, the authors cannot rule out the potential for common method variance. These limitations can be addressed by collecting data from multiple sources (e.g. supervisor and coworkers) at different points in time or by experimental study design. Lastly, the authors did not consider contextual variables (e.g. formal policies, practices, ethical rules and cultural climate) that may influence the proposed relationships’ strengths and directions.Practical implicationsEven though perceptions of distributive and procedural injustice can affect employee deviant behaviours targeted at the organisation and organisational members, the present findings suggest that practitioners should be aware that perceptions of supervisory interactional injustice (i.e. interpersonal and informational) are likely be requited with employees’ extra-role work behaviours targeted at the supervisor. The present findings suggest that, via distrust in supervisor, employees are likely to engage in more CWB-S and fewer OCB-S as a result of supervisory interactional injustice. Considering the costs associated with high CWB-S and low OCB-S, supervisors should be trained in adhering to interactional justice rules. Additionally, supervisors should be mindful and practice caution when interacting with subordinates, to ensure that interactional justice norms are not violated. Lastly, supervisors can seek feedback from subordinates regarding their perceptions of supervisory interactional injustice, as these assessments will allow the supervisors to adapt their behaviours to impede subordinates’ deviant behaviours aimed towards them.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature on organisational injustice and workplace behaviour. First, most injustice research assumes that injustice is the opposite of justice; this study examines the effect of interactional injustice. Second, the authors develop a target-specific model focusing on the interactions between two key organisational stakeholders (i.e. supervisors and employees). The authors suggest that supervisor’s disrespect and untruthfulness towards the employee will eventually result in employee revenge (i.e. CWB-S) and lack of cooperation (i.e. OCB-S) towards supervisor. Finally, the authors examine the mechanism (i.e. distrust in supervisor) through which supervisory interactional injustice may ensue in employee extra-role behaviours directed at the supervisor.

Ask a Political Scientist: A Conversation with Katherine J. Cramer about Listening as a Way of Democratic and Scholarly Life

Ask a Political Scientist: A Conversation with Katherine J. Cramer about Listening as a Way of Democratic and Scholarly Life

There's a certain slant of light: Three attitudes toward the political turn in analytic philosophy

There has been a growing interest within analytic philosophy in addressing political and social issues, which has been referred to as the “political turn” in the discipline. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it discusses the very characterization of the political turn. In particular, it introduces the definition proposed by Bordonaba-Plou, Fernández-Castro, and Torices, suggests that we should not consider the turn a form of activism, and explores an additional benefit of the ideal/nonideal distinction for characterizing the turn. Second, it addresses the concern of what attitude we should take in the face of the different sensitivities we might have with respect to what constitutes an injustice. Which philosophical works should count as part of the political turn? The paper explores three different attitudes toward this dilemma, and favors what it calls the revisionist attitude, which emphasizes the fact that our perception of injustice is subject to error.

The real-time and carry-over effects of injustice on performance and service quality in a ridesharing driver scenario.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-022-04215-3.

The racial pandemic experienced by Black American men: Cognitive-behavioral and structural implications.

Issues of systemic racism, mass incarceration, and cultural trauma (CT) are linked to emotional sequelae sufficient for treatment. However, attempts to explain the psychosocial reactions of Black American (BA) men to racial injustice and treat CT must be considered in the context of the current and past structural environments in which they live. The purpose of the present study was to obtain in-depth, thick description of two related factors: BA males' perceptions of injustice during the racial pandemic and the consequent psychosocial implications for theory and treatment. An interview guide addressing racial injustice, CT, and coping was used to conduct individual and focus groups' interviews with 20 BA men. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The qualitative analysis found five themes that collectively fulfilled the study's aims: (1) A violation of the social contract for Black American men, (2) Black American male distrust for police, (3) tripartite Black American male, police fear and heterogeneous emotions, (4) spiritual, technological, appraisal, and relational Black American male coping for racial injustice, and (5) Black American male resilience despite permanence of the racial status quo. As it pertains to BA male racial injustice and the residual CT, the qualitative data suggested multidimensional interventions that are cognitive-behavioral and structural in nature may be worthy of further empirical investigation. From a CT intervention perspective, the five emerging themes can be directly translated into cognitive-behavioral principles regarding therapeutic rapport, cultural adaptation, emphasis on positivity, and collaborative empiricism when working with BA men. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Nursing Students’ Perception of Injustice in Clinical Practice

Nursing Students’ Perception of Injustice in Clinical Practice

The Influence of Workplace Envy on Turnover Intention: The Mediating Role of Negative Emotion and Perception of Injustice

The Influence of Workplace Envy on Turnover Intention: The Mediating Role of Negative Emotion and Perception of Injustice

Embitterment in the Workplace: How Does It Associate with Burnout and What Triggers It?

Aim/Purpose: Embitterment comprises a stress-related response to unjust life experiences. Studies have found that it can have a toll on employees’ well-being. However, research on this matter is still in its infancy. Background: Within the scope of the present study, Ι sought to investigate how embitterment relates to burnout – the prolonged consequence of stress. This study further explored whether breaches of psychological contracts can trigger embitterment. Methodology: The study employed a cross-sectional design where two hundred and eight (N = 208) participants from the general population completed an online survey. Contribution: Findings suggest that the toll of embitterment might be much more than what research has suggested so far. Those who experience embitterment can become emotionally exhausted and cynical and these findings can be especially useful when identifying embitterment. Findings: It was found that embitterment related to higher burnout levels and more specifically emotional exhaustion and cynicism. No significant findings were revealed for the relationship between professional inefficacy and embitterment. Also, psychological contract breach was found to be a significant predictor of embitterment, supporting further the notion that perceptions of injustice can trigger feelings of embitterment. Results also showed that embitterment mediated the relationship between psychological contract breach and burnout. Recommendation for Researchers: The study highlights the notion that fairness is a key precursor of embitterment, and this finding is essential when developing interventions to prevent embitterment from arising. Future Research: Future research could use a longitudinal study design to unravel whether burnout represents a precondition or the consequence of embitterment. Future research should also include more objective measures. For example, it would be useful to pair self-report data with more objective measures on embitterment (e.g. clinical interviews).

The Perception of Justice Among Wrongfully Convicted Individuals: Life After Exoneration

This study aims to explore the perceptions of justice among individuals who have been wrongfully convicted and later exonerated. Specifically, it seeks to understand the psychological, social, and financial impacts of wrongful convictions on exonerees and their views on the justice system post-exoneration. Employing a qualitative research design, this study conducted semi-structured interviews with 25 exonerees. The interviews aimed to gather in-depth insights into their experiences with the criminal justice system, life after exoneration, and their perceptions of justice and injustice. Theoretical saturation was reached, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the studied phenomena. The study identified five major themes: Perception of Justice, Impact of Wrongful Conviction, Legal System Interaction, Reintegration Challenges, and Support Systems. Within these themes, detailed categories emerged, such as Sense of Betrayal, Trust in Legal Institutions, Need for Vindication, Personal Identity, Family Dynamics, Social Stigma, Financial Struggles, Psychological Trauma, Legal Representation, Experience with Law Enforcement, Judicial Process, Employment Difficulties, Social Reintegration, Access to Services, Personal Relationships, Family and Friends, Community Organizations, Public Awareness, and Mental Health Support. These categories encapsulate the multifaceted impact of wrongful convictions, highlighting significant psychological distress, financial hardship, social stigma, and the critical role of support systems in exonerees' reintegration and recovery processes. The study underscores the profound and lasting effects of wrongful convictions on individuals, emphasizing the need for systemic reforms in the criminal justice system. It calls for improved legal representation, compensation mechanisms, and support services to address the challenges faced by exonerees. Additionally, the findings highlight the importance of societal recognition and support to mitigate the stigma and challenges associated with wrongful convictions.

A Just Destination? Exploring Local Hopes, Fears, and Power Asymmetries in East Greenlandic (Tunu) Tourism Development

This paper examines current actions towards tourism development in East Greenland (Tunu) and the expectations and concerns of locals in Tasiilaq, specifically regarding the possible inclusion of the East Greenlandic hunting culture on the UNESCO World Heritage List. We explore how locals see the potential and impact of the UNESCO recognition on tourism development in the region and its potential effects on local economy, culture, and traditions. Also discussed are the structural challenges faced by the local community as well as their aspirations for sustainable tourism development, unraveling the perception of power asymmetries and injustices between locals and outsiders and between East and West Greenland. The complex and often paradoxical relationship between heritage, cultural identity, and economic growth in tourism is highlighted, pointing to how general challenges and barriers in Greenlandic tourism development are further amplified and distorted in East Greenland. This suggests a need for greater tourism justice in developing all and not just parts of Greenland as a destination.

Whose integration?

Lingering spatial disparities within the EU have often been explained by macro-level structural trends. However, studies have also spelt out the role of local agency in organising social integration processes through local institutional arrangements. The agency of socially skilled local actors is acquired by recombining various resources and denotes their capacity to (re)negotiate the web of local relations and membership in the community through the distribution of developmental goods and controlling access to services. Informed by theories of development as institutional change and strategic action field theory, our paper analyses the evolution and action of this local project class in organising social order by acting as brokers between the institutional environment and local institutional arrangements. Our research question hinges upon the process through which the project class (re)combines resources in order to maintain local social order based on their own perceptions and visions of the locality. Empirical evidence was gathered through various qualitative research projects over two decades, supplemented by recent follow-up interviews with the same actors in a small peripheral town in northern Hungary. Our extended research indicates that maintaining local social order derives from the local elite’s perceptions of spatial injustice, which means maintaining pre-existing social and class positions. This is a highly selective process and reflects degrees of vulnerability within the local community.

Manifestations and Perception of Economic Inequality of Citizens in Russia and the Impact of Personal Income Tax Deductions on it: Analysis of the Results of a Sociological Survey

The subject of the study is the manifestations and perception of economic inequality of citizens in Russia. Economic inequality is one of the global problems of our time. In Russia, it has been at a consistently high level for 30 years. The task of smoothing the inequality of citizens in Russia has been set at the highest state level. Research interest in this regard is the manifestations and subjective assessment or perception by citizens of the degree of inequality, regardless of its calculated statistical indicators, as well as the ability of the state to smooth inequality and overcome poverty. The purpose of the study is to identify and evaluate the manifestations of economic inequality of citizens in Russia, as well as its perception based on the results of a sociological survey to determine the prospects for smoothing inequality. The scientific novelty consists in identifying the manifestations and assessing the perception of economic inequality by Russian citizens based on the interpretation of the results of a sociological survey, as well as in substantiating the aggravating effect of personal income tax deductions on inequality. With the acute perception of inequality and injustice in the distribution of income in Russia, there is no intensification of protest sentiments and the risks of threats to socio-economic stability are not realized. Manifestations of inequality of citizens are the need to save on food and consumer preferences, tourist activity, the availability of credit obligations, the use of medical and educational services, the demand for personal income tax deductions. The current bias in favor of investment and property deductions for personal income tax to the detriment of social and standard deductions does not allow realizing the potential of their smoothing effect on the inequality of citizens. Property and investment deductions used by more affluent citizens lower the average effective personal income tax rate for them at a level lower than that of poor citizens, which leads to regressive income taxation.

Skin color and Latines’ perceptions of criminal injustice toward Black people: a path analysis

ABSTRACT Since melanin levels cannot cause anything, this study hypothesized that Latines’ skin color would initially predict perceptions of anti-Black police and CJ system bias. Once Latines’ personal experiences with discrimination were considered, however, discrimination was hypothesized to fully mediate the relationship between skin color and perceptions of anti-Black police and CJ system bias. Data consisted of 1,338 Latines from the American Trends Panel. Logistic regression results showed skin color was unrelated to perceptions of anti-Black police or CJ system bias. Pathway analyses including Latines’ personal experiences with discrimination demonstrated skin color was directly negatively associated with perceptions of anti-Black police bias, although not directly related to perceptions of anti-Black CJ system bias. Darker-skinned Latines expressed greater belief they had been unfairly stopped by police due to race. In turn, Latines who felt they had been unfairly stopped by police due to race were more likely to report having been treated as suspicious by someone due to race, which increased perceptions of anti-Black police and CJ system bias. Moreover, darker-skinned Latines were more likely to feel they had been treated as suspicious by someone due to race in the anti-Black police bias model, but not the anti-Black CJ system bias model.

168 (PB-081) Poster - The mediating effect of pain catastrophizing and perceived injustice in the relationship of pain on health-related quality of life in breast cancer survivors

Background: The importance of cognitive appraisals in the effectiveness of pain coping is well established. Two key variables in these appraisal processes are pain catastrophizing (PC) and perceived injustice (PI), which are known to increase the risk of long-term disability and to aggravate pain-related distress through maladaptive behavioral responses. However, to date, the mediating effect of these appraisals has not been examined concurrently in the breast cancer survivor (BCS) population, nor have they been related to health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

157 (PB-070) Poster - The mediating effect of perceived injustice and pain catastrophizing in the relationship of pain on fatigue and sleep in breast cancer survivors: a cross-sectional study

Background: Persistent pain is one of the most common sequelae among breast cancer survivors (BCS), seen in about one out of three. Recent insights and multidimensional aspects of pain have raised awareness about cognitive appraisals, such as perceived injustice (PI) and pain catastrophizing (PC). PI is defined as the tendency to blame others for one’s suffering, interpret one’s losses as severe and irreparable, and experience a sense of unfairness. PC is defined as the tendency to magnify or exaggerate the mental set during actual or anticipated painful experiences.

The Role of Perceived Injustice and Need for Esteem on Incel Membership Online

ABSTRACT Incels – a term that stands for “involuntary celibates”—is a subculture of men connected by their inability to obtain romantic and sexual relationships. As a group known for real-world violent attacks, understanding the drivers of online membership offers valuable insight into these vulnerable men. The current study used inductive qualitative analysis of over 8,000 posts made by 703 unique posters in two online incel communities to explore common themes within the process of incel membership online. Qualitative analyses uncovered two higher-order concepts: perceptions of injustice and searching for esteem. Within these concepts several underlying themes emerged: victimization, perceived barriers to manhood, psychological responses, and black pill as liberation. The results posit that one avenue to incel membership comes from heightened perceptions of injustice among these users. In addition, the incel forum offers a strategy to increase self-esteem through online membership, which may be a vital draw for disenfranchised young people. Unfortunately, it seems that online incel membership, while a source of self-esteem, shapes incel perceptions, leading members to re-interpret instances in their lives through the lens of extremist ideology.

Race and the Politics of Pilgrimage for African American Christians in Palestine and Israel

African American Christian travel to Israel and Palestine demonstrates the role of overlapping racial and religious identities in shaping how travelers understand their experiences in the Holy Land variously as traditional religious pilgrimage, tourism, and political engagement. While traditional accounts of pilgrimage frame it as an experience set apart from mundane realities and social hierarchies, new perspectives in the study of pilgrimage show how the social identities of travelers may shape religiously inspired travel. Four case studies of African American Christian travel to Palestine and Israel—including Christian Zionist and Palestinian solidarity tours—show how participant experiences and interpretations of sites are shaped by overlapping religious and racial collective identities, which affect the religious, economic, and political perceptions of travelers. The relevance of race to pilgrimage varies depending on past experiences of racial and religious histories, perceptions of racial injustice, race-specific theologies, and religious ethics. Solidarities with resident Israelis and Palestinians are encouraged or rejected depending on participant interpretations of overlapping racial and religious identities.

Comparing Teachers’ and Students’ Perspectives on the Treatment of Student Misbehavior

The treatment of student misbehavior is both a major challenge for teachers and a potential source of students’ perceptions of injustice in school. By implication, it is vital to understand teachers’ treatment of student misbehavior vis-à-vis students’ perceptions. One key dimension of punishment behavior reflects the underlying motives and goals of the punishment. In the present research, we investigated the perspectives of both teachers and students concerning the purposes of punishment. Specifically, we were interested in the extent to which teachers and students show preferences for either retribution (i.e., evening out the harm caused), special prevention (i.e., preventing recidivism of the offender), or general prevention (i.e., preventing imitation of others) as punishment goals. Therefore, teachers (N = 260) and school students around the age of 10 (N = 238) were provided with a scenario depicting a specific student misbehavior. Participants were asked to indicate their endorsement of the three goals as well as to evaluate different punishment practices that were perceived (in pretests) to primarily achieve one specific goal but not the other two. Results show that teachers largely prefer general prevention, whereas students rather prefer special prevention and retribution. This discrepancy was particularly large in participants’ evaluation of specific punishment practices, whereas differences between teachers’ and students’ direct endorsement of punishment goals were relatively small. Overall, the present research may contribute to the development of classroom intervention strategies that reduce conflicts in student–teacher-interactions.