Perceptions Of Familiarity Research Articles

Collective action from a distance: Distance shapes how people view victims of injustice and decreases willingness to engage in collective action

The present research examines whether distance affects not only how people view victims of injustice, but also group members’ willingness to engage in collective action. Across two experiments, examining both spatial (Experiment 1) and temporal (Experiment 2) distance, distant victims were seen as less familiar and more likely to be viewed at a relatively more superordinate level of identity (less in terms of subgroup identity) compared to near victims. In addition, participants were less willing to engage in collective action on behalf of distant victims, relative to near victims. Across studies, decreased collective action on behalf of distant victims, relative to near victims, was explained by the tendency to view victims in a more abstract way—as less familiar (Experiment 2) and at a more superordinate level (Experiments 1 and 2). Across both studies, results also demonstrated that participants were less willing to engage in collective action on behalf of out-group targets, relative to in-group targets, which was explained by perceptions of familiarity (Experiment 2). Implications for collective action and more broadly social change are discussed.

Evaluation of high-fidelity simulation training in radiation oncology using an outcomes logic model.

PurposeTo evaluate the feasibility and educational value of high-fidelity, interprofessional team-based simulation in radiation oncology.MethodsThe simulation event was conducted in a radiation oncology department during a non-clinical day. It involved 5 simulation scenarios that were run over three 105 minute timeslots in a single day. High-acuity, low-frequency clinical situations were selected and included HDR brachytherapy emergency, 4D CT artifact management, pediatric emergency clinical mark-up, electron scalp trial set-up and a cone beam CT misregistration incident. A purposive sample of a minimum of 20 trainees was required to assess recruitment feasibility. A faculty radiation oncologist (RO), medical physicist (MP) or radiation therapist (RTT), facilitated each case. Participants completed a pre event survey of demographic data and motivation for participation. A post event survey collected perceptions of familiarity with the clinical content, comfort with interprofessional practice, and event satisfaction, scored on a 1–10 scale in terms of clinical knowledge, clinical decision making, clinical skills, exposure to other trainees and interprofessional communication. Means and standard deviations were calculated.ResultsTwenty-one trainees participated including 6 ROs (29%), 6 MPs (29%), and 9 RTTs (43%). All 12 cases (100%) were completed within the allocated 105 minutes. Nine faculty facilitators, (3MP, 2 RO, 4 RTTs) were required for 405 minutes each. Additional costs associated with this event were 154 hours to build the high fidelity scenarios, 2 standardized patients (SPs) for a total of 15.5 hours, and consumables.The mean (±SD) educational value score reported by participants with respect to clinical knowledge was 8.9 (1.1), clinical decision making 8.9 (1.3), clinical skills 8.9 (1.1), exposure to other trainees 9.1 (2.3) and interprofessional communication 9.1 (1.0). Fifteen (71%) participants reported the cases were of an appropriate complexity. The importance of further simulation events was rated highly at 9.1/10.ConclusionsHigh-fidelity simulation training is feasible and effective in a radiation oncology context. However, such educational activities require significant resources, including personnel and equipment.

A strange familiarity? Place perceptions among the globally mobile

How do globally mobile people perceive and make sense of a new place in which they have to create an everyday life for themselves? And how may their place perception be communicated through photographs? These are the questions around which this article revolves. The visual material discussed in the article stems from a participatory research project, in which North Denmark functions as a setting for studying local particularities and global convergences. Analysing part of this material, the article explores the perception of – and affiliation with – places and localities, pointing to how perceptions of strangeness and familiarity occur along unexpected lines of difference and similarity depending on the embodied positionality of the involved participants.

Place Attachment in Commercial Settings: A Gift Economy Perspective

Place attachment is one’s strong emotional bond with a specific location. While there are numerous studies on the topic, the literature pays little attention to commercial settings. This is because they are seen as too insipid to rouse attachment. Consumer research, however, suggests otherwise. To address this disparity, the authors investigate how people develop, experience, and act on place attachment in commercial settings. Findings from consumer in-depth interviews and self-reports conducted in France reveal that place attachment develops through perceptions of familiarity, authenticity, and security and evolves into experiences of homeyness. Consumers find these encounters of homeyness extraordinary and respond by engaging in volunteering, over-reciprocation, and ambassadorship toward the place. The authors further theorize these findings through a gift economy perspective and identify a tripartite exchange between the consumer, the proprietor of the place, and selected people from the consumer’s social network.

What to Do About Trust? A Source of Contradiction in Interprofessional Collaboration

What to Do About Trust? A Source of Contradiction in Interprofessional Collaboration

Determinants of Perception towards Private Label Brands in Zimbabwe: The Role of Familiarity, Store Image, Demographic Factors and Consumer Characteristics

A survey was conducted in Harare, Bulawayo and Bindura to quantify the effect of selected variables on private label brand perception. The following variables were tested; familiarity, store image perception, selected demographic factors (age and income) and consumer characteristics (intolerance of ambiguity, price consciousness, the level at which an individual believes brand names reflect product quality and social status). Data was analysed using stepwise multiple linear regression. The factors that were found to have a significant and positive effect on private label brand perception were familiarity (p<0.01) and store image perception (p<0.05). The authors concluded that there is scope to increase growth of the private label brand market share in the grocery sector of Zimbabwe. The authors recommended that retailers should embark on marketing strategies that focus on increasing the familiarity of private label brands such the use of in-store tastes. Recommendations were also made for retailers to focus on the improvement of store appearance and environment as this affects private label brand perception.

Measuring consumer-based brand equity for Indian business schools

Brands are fundamentally about experiences and relationships, and therefore they form prime basis of an institution's connection with their stakeholders. With the mushrooming of business schools (both private autonomous and government supported) and fading global boundaries, especially in the Indian context, communicating a business school brand to stakeholders has become extremely important. It is imperative for Indian business schools to differentiate and build strong brands in the competitive business education space in India. Brand building helps in creating, evolving and enhancing a brand's positioning and its perceptions among stakeholders. These perceptions are critical in influencing behavior and hence the performance of an institution. The paper aims to assess the brand equity of select Indian business schools (from the prospective student's perspective) using a familiarity–perception–preference–choice framework. The branding framework proposed in this study highlights how consumer-based brand equity measures can be used to improve business school positioning and hence the brand image. This paper gives an opportunity to extend the current knowledge in measuring the brand equity of business schools, especially in India. This study would help institutions apply brand equity measurements to their business schools and implement focused branding efforts to gain a higher student share and build quality education brands.

Measuring the degree of face familiarity based on extended NMF

Getting familiar with a face is an important cognitive process in human perception of faces, but little study has been reported on how to objectively measure the degree of familiarity. In this article, a method is proposed to quantitatively measure the familiarity of a face with respect to a set of reference faces that have been seen previously. The proposed method models the context-free and context-dependent forms of familiarity suggested by psychological studies and accounts for the key factors, namely exposure frequency, exposure intensity and similar exposure, that affect human perception of face familiarity. Specifically, the method divides the reference set into nonexclusive groups and measures the familiarity of a given face by aggregating the similarities of the face to the individual groups. In addition, the nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is extended in this paper to learn a compact and localized subspace representation for measuring the similarities of the face with respect to the individual groups. The proposed method has been evaluated through experiments that follow the protocols commonly used in psychological studies and has been compared with subjective evaluation. Results have shown that the proposed measurement is highly consistent with the subjective judgment of face familiarity. Moreover, a face recognition method is devised using the concept of face familiarity and the results on the standard FERET evaluation protocols have further verified the efficacy of the proposed familiarity measurement.

Familiarity perception call elicited under restricted sensory cues in peer-social interactions of the domestic chick.

Social cognitive mechanisms are central to understanding developmental abnormalities, such as autistic spectrum disorder. Peer relations besides parent-infant or pair-bonding interactions are pivotal social relationships that are especially well developed in humans. Cognition of familiarity forms the basis of peer socialization. Domestic chick (Gallus gallus) studies have contributed to our understanding of the developmental process in sensory-motor cognition but many processes remain unknown. In this report, we used chicks, as they are precocial birds, and we could therefore focus on peer interaction without having to consider parenting. The subject chick behavior towards familiar and unfamiliar reference peers was video-recorded, where the subject and the reference were separated by either an opaque or transparent wall. Spectrogram and behavior correlation analyses based on principal component analysis, revealed that chicks elicited an intermediate contact call and a morphologically different distress call, more frequently towards familiar versus unfamiliar chicks in acoustic only conditions. When both visual and acoustic cues were present, subject chicks exhibited approaching and floor pecking behavior, while eliciting joyful (pleasant) calls, irrespective of whether reference peers were familiar or unfamiliar. Our result showed that chicks recognized familiarity using acoustic cues and expressed cognition through modified distress calls. These finding suggests that peer affiliation may be established by acoustic recognition, independent of visual face recognition, and that eventually, both forms of recognition are integrated, with modulation of acoustic recognition.

A Tiger and a President: Imperceptible Celebrity Facial Cues Influence Trust and Preference

Neuroscientific research suggests that the brain has evolved specific capabilities enabling automatic social judgments of others to be made based on facial properties alone. However, little research in marketing has considered the consequences of how facial imagery is automatically processed. We explore automatic perceptions of familiarity by using morphing software to digitally combine unfamiliar faces with those of Tiger Woods and George Bush. Despite a complete lack of conscious recognition, trustworthiness ratings of the composite faces are clearly influenced by the celebrities in question. This appears to be due to implicit recognition being sufficient for individuals to automatically access their own summary valence judgments of either Woods or Bush. Alternative explanations based on a perceptual-fluency account, or implicit recognition sufficient to perceive specific trait ratings, are ruled out. These findings suggest that the marketing practice of digitally manipulating the attractiveness of facial imagery risks overlooking the important influence of familiarity.

Hospitalists' Lack of Knowledge of the Confusion Assessment Method: A Barrier to Systematic Validated Delirium Surveillance

Introduction: Delirium is frequently missed by inpatient health care providers despite the existence of a highly sensitive and specific assessment for delirium, the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM). The CAM, due to its test characteristics and ease of use, is an ideal physician instrument for systematic inpatient delirium screening; however, little is known about hospitalists' knowledge of the CAM. Methods: A short survey with items assessing respondents' perceptions of delirium detection, familiarity and proficiency with the CAM, and knowledge of the CAM algorithm was administered at a regional hospital medicine conference. Participants included a group of hospital medicine providers comprised of physicians (79.9%), nurse practitioners (7.2%), and physician assistants (12.9%). Results in the form of counts, percentages, and distributions of Likert scale responses and multiple-choice questions were reported. Results: Of 157 surveys distributed, 94% (n = 147) were returned. Approximately 3 of 4 of providers (77%) reported encountering delirium at least once per week, with 45% reporting encountering delirium more than once per week. Yet, 82% had never used or heard of the CAM; only 3 respondents felt proficient with its use. Of the knowledge items, 4 respondents were able to correctly indicate the 4 clinical features of the CAM. Only 1 respondent was able to answer all knowledge items correctly. The respondents also agreed that nurses have an important role in delirium detection (65%), delirium diagnosis is often delayed (68%), and reported that not knowing patients' baseline cognitive status (53%) and having difficulty separating delirium from dementia or psychiatric illnesses (25%) were important challenges to delirium diagnosis. Conclusion: Hospital medicine providers who responded to the survey reported encountering delirium often in their clinical practice; however, they also reported poor familiarity with and demonstrated poor knowledge of the CAM. These results suggest a potential barrier to systematic inpatient delirium screening and support increased delirium education and the use of validated delirium assessments among hospitalists.

Plain Language in Environmental Policy Documents: An Assessment of Reader Comprehension and Perceptions

Several government agencies are seeking quality improvement in environmental policy documents by asking for the implementation of Plain Language (PL) guidelines. Our mixed-methods research examines whether the application of certain PL guidelines affects the comprehension and perceptions of readers of environmental policy documents. Results show that the presence of pronouns affects inferential comprehension of environmental impact statement summaries (EIS summaries), but that the effect varies with the reader's education level. Further, headings in question phrasing affect a reader's perception of familiarity and reliability of EIS summaries. A reader's perceptions of EIS summaries and attitudes toward the organizations creating the documents are also affected by overall design features. PL guidelines on the use of pronouns and question headings are not fully supported by our research and need further validation with regard to comprehension. This article ends with a call for further research.

Motivators, prohibitors and outcomes of social networking site user’s behavior

Social networking sites are prevalent hedonic platforms on the internet. Thus, investigating how familiarity, privacy concerns and trust affect interactions on social networking sites is important. This study surveyed college students who use Facebook, the Internet’s most used social networking site. Perceptions of familiarity, trust and privacy concerns, along with a willingness to share information and develop new relationships are discussed. This study also investigates the effects of switching cost as many other popular social networking sites exist and each user typically has more than one social networking site accounts. Analytical results indicated that familiarity positively and significantly affects Internet privacy concerns, trust in sites, trust in other site members and switching cost. Internet privacy concern positively and significantly affects trust in sites, trust in other members and information sharing. Both trust in sites and switching cost positively and significantly influence information sharing and development of new relationships. Trust in other members positively and significantly affect information sharing and has an insignificant relationship with development of new relationships. Finally, information sharing positively and insignificantly influence development of new relationships. Therefore, although users are very concerned about the privacy of their personal information, trust in sites, and other members, they are less than vigilant about safeguarding their personal information. While familiarity and switching cost are positive motivators for information sharing and development of new relationships, analytical results suggested that trust is not necessary in building new online relationships. Analytical results also demonstrated that trust and the willingness to share information on online sites do not automatically translate into new social interaction. Key words: Familiar, privacy concern, trust, switching cost, social networking sites.

Integrity After Metafiction

Research Article| December 01 2011 Integrity After Metafiction David James David James Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Twentieth-Century Literature (2011) 57 (3-4): 492–515. https://doi.org/10.1215/0041462X-2011-4006 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation David James; Integrity After Metafiction. Twentieth-Century Literature 1 December 2011; 57 (3-4): 492–515. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/0041462X-2011-4006 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsTwentieth-Century Literature Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. 2011 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Understanding the Teacher Job Search Process: Espoused Preferences and Preferences in Use

Background/ContextThere is an extensive body of research on school and student characteristics associated with teacher career decisions that has contributed greatly to our knowledge of teacher preferences. Yet this research also has a number of limitations, including a lack of attention to the sociocultural influences on teacher careers and the processes teachers use to find a job.Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of StudyThis article focused on the processes that teachers use to find a job and how they came to work in particular schools. In doing so, this article developed a new theoretical conception of teacher career decisions that incorporates Bourdieu's cultural reproduction theory and theories of action. Together, these frameworks highlight how teachers navigate through the hiring process using their practical understanding of how they could make the best match, rather than focusing on explicit preferences.SettingTeacher applicants were recruited from six colleges that provide teachers to one Midwestern metropolitan area. This area was experiencing an oversupply of teachers.Population/Participants/SubjectsParticipants included individuals currently completing teacher education programs and looking for their first teaching job.Research DesignData for this article came from a mixed-methods study of teacher applicants’ career decisions. The study design included a survey of 289 prospective elementary teachers and in-depth interviews with a subsample of 27 prospective elementary teachers at two points in the hiring season.Findings/ResultsTeacher applicants’ espoused preferences for schools were consistent with previous research, yet the data indicate that teacher applicants often contradicted these espoused preferences by the actual behavior on the job search. They did so by focusing on the district rather than the school when identifying open positions and focusing on feelings of comfort and familiarity when deciding where to apply. Further, teacher applicants had few sources of information about schools and districts, which forced them to make assumptions about schools and thus reinforced perceptions of familiarity, fit, and comfort.Conclusions/RecommendationsTeacher applicants’ practical understanding of the job search was informed by their social and cultural background and emphasized characteristics such as familiarity when making career decisions. Policy makers who want to improve the quality of teaching should focus on developing teachers who want to teach in hard-to-staff schools and on providing teacher applicants with access to more information about schools. Teacher educators should also consider ways to increase teacher applicants’ familiarity and sense of comfort with schools serving high proportions of racial minority or low-income students.

An investigation of consumers’ webstore shopping: A view of click-and-mortar company

Consumers’ shopping intention is central to a Webstore's success. While past information system (IS) studies have examined this phenomenon extensively, they have focused on examining the single channel of e-tailing only. Knowledge of consumers’ cross-channel shopping behavior, which is common nowadays, was scarce. This study has empirically investigated a research model proposing how consumers’ brand loyalty in the retailing channel may impact on their shopping intentions at the same brand's Webstore. Specifically, in contrast to the system approach examined by past IS studies, this study has undertaken a brand perception approach and uncovered that by shaping consumers’ online perceptions of brand familiarity and Webstore reputation, consumers’ offline brand loyalty directly and indirectly enhances their trust in Webstore and lead to a higher shopping intention. Practical suggestions for click-and-mortar companies in building their channel strategies were proposed accordingly.

US Consumers’ Perceptions of Garments Inspired by Indonesian Culture

Abstract It is evident that there has been increase in integration of global economies as trade barriers were lifted in 2005 resulting in free trade. After agriculture, marketing of hand-produced, cultural products constitutes the second most important source of income in less developed countries of the world. The objectives of this study were to examine US consumers’ perceptions of garments that were culturally inspired by a specific sending culture to better understand the following: (1) perceptions of garment familiarity and garment complexity; (2) the relationship between perceived familiarity and garment adoption/acceptance; (3) the relationship between perceived familiarity and garment adoption/acceptance; (4) acceptance for garments culturally inspired by consumers’ cultural setting or geographic location; (5) acceptance for garments culturally inspired among the different age groups; and (6) delineation of US consumers’ cultural creativity. To accomplish this endeavor an instrument, developed for ...

Effectiveness of Western MBA programmes for Chinese managers

PurposeThis paper aims to address how management knowledge transferred through Western management education programmes is effectively perceived and applied to decisions by Chinese managers, who have a cultural background quite different from their Western counterparts.Design/methodology/approachThe paper first examines Western management concepts under Chinese culture and second reviews the development and status of Western Master of Business Administration (MBA) programmes in China. Third, the framework of a three‐dimension knowledge transfer model first developed in the USA is used to study the effectiveness of the transfer of academic management concepts to working managers in China through their perception of source, familiarity and usefulness of the concepts. A quantitative approach employing non‐probability sampling method is adopted to survey a group of working managers enrolled in a Western MBA programme in Xi'an.FindingsThe result shows education to be a much more important source of management knowledge for the Chinese managers than for their US counterparts who regard it as the least important.Research limitations/implicationsGeneralized interpretation of the results should be cautioned due to the limited scope of the study and the nature of non‐probability sampling method.Originality/valueThe findings form a basis for further research in how cultural differences between the West and China are tempering the effectiveness of Western MBA programmes to Chinese working managers so that educators can better design their management programmes for China.

Does Place Matter When Shopping Online? Perceptions of Similarity and Familiarity as Indicators of Psychological Distance

ABSTRACTThis research investigates the role of physical location in online consumer purchases, as demonstrated through the concept of distance. Distance conveys a sense of not only space between objects in the physical world but also psychological distance between people and others. This study tests various combinations of both physical and psychological distance between subjects and companies, brands, and cities in which the companies are located. The findings affirm the power of relationships to reduce feelings of mistrust and suggests a new avenue for research into the role of similarity and familiarity as important variables in purchase decisions online.

“We” are familiar but “It” is not: Ingroup pronouns trigger feelings of familiarity

The notion that language can shape social perception has a long history in psychology. The current work adds to this literature by investigating the relationship between ingroup-designating pronouns and perceptions of familiarity. In two experiments, participants were exposed to nonsense syllables that were primed with ingroup (e.g., we) and control (e.g., it) pronouns before perceptions of the syllables’ familiarity (Experiments 1 and 2) and positivity (Experiment 2) were assessed. Because previous work has shown that ingroup pronouns are perceived positively (Perdue, Dovidio, Gurtman, & Tyler, 1990), and that positivity can trigger familiarity (e.g., Garcia-Marques, Mackie, Claypool, & Garcia-Marques, 2004; Monin, 2003), we predicted that syllables primed with ingroup-designating pronouns would be perceived as more familiar and positive than would syllables primed with control pronouns. These predictions were confirmed. Additionally, Experiment 2 provided suggestive evidence that the effect of ingroup pronouns on perceived familiarity is mediated by positivity. Implications of these results for the literatures on how language shapes intergroup biases and on how positivity triggers feelings of familiarity are discussed.