Perceptions Of Equity Research Articles

IMPACT OF COMMUNITY OF INQUIRY (COI) ON PRE-SERVICE TEACHER’S PERCEPTION OF SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EQUITY IN EDUCATION

In this research, the researcher designed a community of inquiry on social media (facebook) for pre-service teachers and launched a course on educational equity and social justice. The aim of the research was to evaluate the impact of community of inquiry (COI) on pre-service teachers’ perception of social justice and equity in education. It also aimed to assess the social presence, cognitive presence, and teaching presence of pre-service teachers in COI. The participants of this study were the pre-service teachers who are enrolled in the education departments of the Karakorum International University Gilgit Baltistan. Ten participants who showed high participation during the course were selected for an interview through purposive sampling. Teacher education institutions, teacher education, and policymakers can utilize this research to develop COI for different training programs. Future research can be conducted to develop a community of inquiry for the inclusive education curriculum of pre-service teacher education. Keywords: Community of inquiry, Educational Equity, Pre-service teachers.

Effects of social media brand-related content on fashion products buying behaviour – a moderated mediation model

PurposeThis study aims to examine in which circumstances consumer’s self-congruity moderates the indirect influence of consumer-based brand equity (mediating role) in the relationship between firm-created and user-generated social media content and intention to purchase fashion products.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the authors carried out an online survey with social media users of fashion brands and collected data from 622 participants across two samples to investigate whether consumers’ perceptions of equity of fashion brands mediate the relationship between social media brand-related communication created by both firms and users and the intention to buy the fashion brands. The indirect relationship is further moderated by self-congruity.FindingsThe results indicate that brand equity mediates the relationship between social media communication and purchase intentions of fashion products, and self-congruity moderates the relationship between social media communication types and purchase intentions, such that higher/lower levels of self-congruity strengthen/weaken the impact of social media communication on purchase intentions.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the business and marketing literature by exploring how social media communication, branding and fashion align with the individual’s self-concept and buying behaviour.

Theorizing the relationship between discretionary employee benefits and individual performance

The literature on compensation has devoted little attention to the relationship between discretionary employee benefits and individual performance, perhaps because benefits are allocated equally to large groups of employees, are not tied to individual performance, and are viewed as entitlements. Discretionary benefits include all the benefits an employer provides to employees voluntarily (i.e., not legally required). Employees can use internet search tools to make comparisons between focal and referent firms of their expenditures on discretionary benefits, which can symbolize employer support for employee well-being or invoke perceptions of equity. In our paper, we provide a novel insight into the relationship between discretionary benefits and employee individual performance through a theoretical lens that combines insights from organizational support theory and equity theory shaped by perceptions of social and economic exchange relationships. In our conceptual model we develop theoretical logic that explains that perceived discretionary benefits, moderated by benefits satisfaction and mediated by perceived organizational support and perceived equity, are linked to individual performance. The paper concludes with a discussion of the theoretical implications and directions for future research.

Mental Health Effects of Entrepreneurial College Students from Different Backgrounds: The Mediating Role of Social Equity.

In this study, the impact of entrepreneurial college students from different backgrounds on mental health which is primarily based on the mediating role of social justice is studied. For this purpose, we have selected those start-up students who graduated from a university for one to two years as the research object, and 1890 questionnaires were distributed. The subjective family background, objective family background, social equity perception, anxiety, and depression of entrepreneurial college students were investigated, and the results were analyzed. The level of social equity and mental health of start-up college students with better birth was significantly higher than that of start-up college students with lower birth. Background, social equity, and positive emotions were significantly positively correlated, which was significantly negatively correlated with negative emotions, depression, and anxiety; Social equity played a partial mediating role in the relationship between birth and mental health indicators. Social equity helped to maintain the mental health of entrepreneurial college students from different backgrounds. This was of great significance to the entrepreneurial college students who come from a lower background.

Equity in policy: an updated account of points systems for hukou conversion in Chinese megacities

ABSTRACT Although the points systems for hukou conversion in Chinese megacities have been discussed in detail, the issue of policy equity has received scant attention. Drawing on policy documents and on interviews with urban-to-urban migrants in Beijing and Shenzhen, this article examines the issue of equity in the current points systems. Our analysis is based on three features of policy equity: policy declarations of equity, equity in conditions of hierarchy, and lack of transparency. The difference in perceptions of equity between the migrants in Beijing and those in Shenzhen, and their implications in terms of policy implementation were also analysed. Shenzhen’s points system was perceived as more equitable than that of Beijing’s. We found inequities arose from variations in the policy design between different levels of government and in the policy implementation between cities. To promote consolidation of policy equity, we need to create a governance model that will not only encourage local authorities to promote equity in their policy-making but also ensure effective oversight of the implementation of the resulting practice.

The Perception of Gender Equity: A Case of Iraq

Despite extensive research into women's leadership representation and roles, little is known about the role of women in Iraqi leadership and academics. Most of the literature on academic imperialism and the relegation of women to secondary roles in higher education is authored by Westernershus; thus, it may not accurately depict the level of gender inequality in academia. The aim of the current study is to explore the prospect of career progression for women in Iraq based on the insight presented by both male and female professionals. The study also sought to whether the interaction between lecturers and students was influenced by gender stereotypes and the inclusion of women in departmental administration. Hence, a quantitative research method was used, and data required to sufficiently address the research questions was collected using questionnaires. The sample population constituted of 59 male and female professionals and 114 students of both genders and across departments. The collected data was then analyzed on SPSS version 2.0. The research found that male employees had a better prospect of career progressions than their female counterparts; 57.6% of male professional participants strongly agreed that their prospect of career progression is high, while 50% strongly agreed to this prompt. Moreover, female lecturers reported that female students were freer with them than their male counterparts. Also, females felt less represented in departmental administration than their male counterparts. Although Iraq's academia has come a long way in bridging the gender inequality gaps, more still needs to be done for better female professionals' inclusion in leadership and administrative roles. The current study that future studies should be dedicated to finding the current challenges facing women academics.

Gender Equity Perceptions Among School-Going Adolescents: A Mixed-Methods Comparison Amongst Tribal and Non-Tribal Rural Areas of an Eastern State in India.

Introduction: Gender equity is an important social determinant of population health. There are very few studies in the Indian context in this regard, and even less regarding the diversity in tribal-dominated and non-tribal regions. The current study was conducted to assess and compare the perceptions of adolescents going to selected schools of tribal-dominated and non-tribal rural areas in West Bengal, India, regarding gender equity. It also explored the teacher’s perceptions on gender equity in an attempt to contextualize the students’ perceptions. Methods: A mixed-methods study was conducted with a convergent parallel design in two co-education schools, each from tribal-dominated and non-tribal rural areas. In the quantitative survey total of 828 adolescents aged 14—19 years participated. The qualitative component involved 26 in-depth interviews (IDIs) with the selected teachers. Results: Overall, the respondents from tribal area had a better perception regarding the equitable privilege of independence among genders, equity in decision roles, and especially financial decision roles of women. Perceptions related to girls access to education were better among the boys from non-tribal area than their counterparts from tribal area. The non-tribal respondents had a more inadequate perception regarding women’s limited role. In general, the respondents perceived favorably against gender dominance. The teacher’s perceptions in the context were mostly concordant, with some exceptions, e.g., regarding dominance and violence-related issues, the teachers perceived differently, contrasting the better perceptions exhibited by the students. Conclusion: The teachers’ perceptions showed strict reliance on the deep-rooted social norms that can be taken up for behavior change interventions. Better perceptions from the tribal areas are an opportunity to further enhance on gender equity. The boys’ perceptions can still be improved more in favor of gender equity.

Five Years Later: Impact of a Focused Women in Radiology Program.

Women are underrepresented in radiology and experience barriers to professional growth that can affect job satisfaction and career advancement. The authors hypothesized that a structured, intentional Women in Radiology (WiR) program would increase women faculty members' perceptions of workplace gender equity, satisfaction with pace of professional advancement, interest in research and teaching, and perceptions of work-life balance and mentorship opportunities. Components and structure of a sustainable WiR program are described in detail. Baseline and summative 5-year surveys of women faculty members in the department were distributed. The primary outcome measure was perception of equitable access to professional development opportunities for women. The authors also assessed the impact of the WiR program on creating a departmental culture shift to improve career advancement for women. Secondary outcomes included WiR's impact on women's satisfaction with pace of professional advancement, mentorship opportunities, work-life balance, and interest in research and teaching. Compared with 5 years prior, more women faculty members now believe that there is equitable access to career advancement opportunities and that the formal WiR program has contributed to a positive culture shift in the department. Significant gains in women faculty members' satisfaction with pace of their professional advancement were demonstrated. During the study period, more women developed interest in teaching and research, served as mentors, and perceived improvements in work-life balance compared with baseline. A structured, intentional WiR program can contribute to improved workplace gender equity, career satisfaction for women, and a positive departmental culture shift to support the needs of women in radiology.

Perceptions of Equity in Conservation Scenarios: Half Earth and Sharing the Planet

Perceptions of Equity in Conservation Scenarios: Half Earth and Sharing the Planet

A New Patient Acuity Tool to Support Equitable Patient Assignments in a Progressive Care Unit.

Making fair and equitable staffing decisions and patient assignments created complexities and undue nursing dissatisfaction on a 20-bed progressive care unit. Common themes shared by the nursing staff included inadequate staffing ratios, increased workload, and unease for patient safety. On the basis of these concerns, a unit-based needs assessment provided insight into what perceived and actual barriers exist preventing nurses from providing excellent care. Information gathered helped determine what could be done to overcome some barriers, and performing a comprehensive unit profile assessment allowed for better insight into how the unit was currently functioning. A comprehensive review of literature was undertaken to examine articles related to patient acuity utilizing the electronic databases CINAHL, PubMed, and MEDLINE. Key words and phrases included the following: acuity, patient acuity, acuity tools, progressive care acuity, nurse-patient assignment, workload, nursing assignments, and equitable staffing. Utilizing the results of the nurse survey, and information gained from articles gathered during the literature review, a patient acuity tool was created. The tool was believed to be an accurate representation of the patients' acuity, and the majority of charge nurses reported that they utilized the patient acuity tool score when making nurse-patient assignments. Overall staff satisfaction and perceptions of nurse-patient assignment equity were improved.

USING CUSTOMER-BASED BRAND EQUITY MODEL IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION CONTEXT: SIMULATING THE CURRENT UNIVERSITY’S BRAND

Purpose – the purpose of the article is to simulate the current version of a university’s brand using the Customer-Based Brand Equity (CBBE) model. Research methodology – the methodology of the paper includes analysis of theoretical sources and prior research on branding in higher education. For collecting primary data, a questionnaire based on the multi-dimensional CBBE model was used; a survey was conducted in Transport and Telecommunication Institute (Latvia). Structural equation modelling was then applied for confirmatory factor analysis of relationships between brand equity-related factors. Findings – Statistical analysis of the conducted survey’s data disclosed the importance of different brand dimensions within the CBBE model: Performance, Imagery, Judgments, Feelings, and Resonance. There is a notable difference between the perception of brand equity and associated factors by local and foreign students; it was discovered that local students have more concerns about the Imagery of the university brand, while foreign students are more focused on the Resonance factor. Research limitations – the research was conducted within one higher education institution. Further study with a broader research base that confirms the applicability of the Keller’s model in different settings would be beneficial. Practical implications – as brand equity affects the choice of a marketing strategy adopted by a university, the information obtained through simulation of the current version of the corresponding brand is vital for developing and updating an efficient strategy aimed at accomplishing a competitive advantage in both local and international settings. Originality/Value – the current brand’s version has been successfully stimulated in higher education settings, applying the CBBE model as a scalable framework – to demonstrate how different factors related to brand equity are perceived by the university’s students.

Micro classes as a primary school-level mathematics education response to COVID-19 pandemic in China: students' degree of approval and perception of digital equity.

The article introduces a mathematics education measure in response to the COVID-19 epidemic in China and explores students’ degree of approval and perception of digital equity towards the response. After the outbreak of the COVID-19, the Chinese New Century Primary School Mathematics Textbook (NCPM) committee had developed a series of micro classes (abbreviated as NCPM micro classes), and more than 25 million teachers and students in China watched the NCPM micro classes during the 3 months social isolation. Then, students’ degree of approval towards the NCPM micro classes and perception of digital equity were examined after social isolation. A total of 132,740 pieces of data were collected from Chinese primary school students. Quantitative analysis of student’s degree of approval towards different parts of NCPM micro classes indicated that the introduction, interaction, summary and consolidation, curriculum characteristics, and goal achievement parts of the NCPM micro classes have received high approval from students, and students with higher former achievement perceived a higher degree of approval towards the NCPM micro classes. Furthermore, we found that gender, socioeconomic status, school location, and learning location had no significant impact on students’ degree of approval, indicating a digital equity exists. This study helps researchers or educators understand the mathematics education response to the COVID-19 outbreak in China and extends our understanding of primary students’ degree of approval and perception of digital equity with these online classes.

Indonesian students' perception of gender equity in education

This study aims to figure out the difference in perceptions of female and male students of gender equity in education by determining quantitative and qualitative approaches. To measuring the three-domain of gender equity in education we use questionnaires and distributed them to 111 students which are categorized into two genders; 59 female students, and 52 male students. Subsequently, an interview was conducted with 10 male students who were randomly chosen. The independent t-test analysis was utilized to pointed out empirical facts. In addition, in-depth interviews were carried out to investigated why male students did not accept fully gender equity in education. There was a significant difference in perception between female students and male students of gender equity in education. Male students did not fully accept gender equity in education, they still desire to preserve the status quo

Vascular Trainee Perceptions of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion within Vascular Surgery Training Programs

Vascular surgery training programs face multiple pressures, including attracting and retaining trainees. The current knowledge of trainees' view with respect to diversity and equity in vascular training programs is limited. We sought to understand U.S. vascular surgery trainees' perceptions and expectations regarding diversity, equity, and inclusion.

Living with pain in ‘age-(un)friendly’ housing environments: A qualitative study with African American older adults

Understanding the dynamic relationship between housing environment and older adults’ pain may identify important factors that influence disparities in later life. We used a qualitative description approach to examine the context of environmental lifespaces in older African Americans (ages 61–81) with chronic osteoarthritis pain living in income-adjusted housing. Environmental inequity, healthcare needs, and mobility limitations influenced their perceptions of lifespace equity and interfered with their vitality and feeling of security. Their housing environments lacked age-friendly amenities, and specific enhancements to assist aging individuals with everyday function and reduction of pain were identified. This study contributes new evidence on the impact of macro, meso, and micro environments on pain management while also calling for greater attention to parity in infusing age-friendly resources into minority housing.

Diversity and perception of equity and respect in the Society of Skeletal Radiology (SSR).

PurposeTo assess the perception of equity and respect in the workplace and within the SSR. We hypothesized that responses would differ by gender and minorities underrepresented in medicine (URiM) status.MethodsAn electronic survey was sent to 1,531 SSR members between January 2020 and March 2020 to determine perception of equity and respect. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and analysis of differences in response by gender/minority status was performed using the Fisher’s exact test. The study was exempt from IRB approval.ResultsThere were 176 responses (11.5%). Most respondents (61.9%) were between 30 and 50 years. Members identified as male (M) in 74.4%, as female (F) in 25.0%, and as “other” in 0.6%. URiM comprised 9.1% of members. Women worked more commonly in academia (p = 0.005), had the perception of unequal opportunities for leadership positions within the institution (p = 0.006), and emphasized the importance of having a mentor of the same gender (p = 0.001). URiM members were less likely to hold a leadership position (p = 0.1, trend), had a perception of unequal opportunities for leadership positions within the institution (p = 0.06, trend), and reported the importance of having a mentor of the same race (p = 0.06, trend). There were no significant differences between gender or URiM status and perception of the SSR to provide an inclusive environment and leadership opportunities (p ≥ 0.39).ConclusionWhile survey participation was limited and potentially biased, respondents perceived that women and minorities have fewer opportunities and are treated with lower regard in the workplace compared to male, non-minority colleagues.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00256-021-03901-w.

Adolescent Girls in Guatemala: Can an Empowerment Program Change Perceptions of Gender Equity, Aspirations, and Communication?

While Guatemala has made great strides towards gender equality, it remains a country with vast disparities. Gender sensitization and empowerment programs during adolescence when gender attitudes are formed have the potential to diminish gender inequities. The Girl Rising Pilot Program (GR) is a 24-week curriculum designed for adolescent girls living in the Sololá region where 95% of the total population is indigenous and Mayan. The present pilot study evaluated outcomes of the GR Guatemala pilot program. Specifically, the evaluation examined whether there were differences between baseline and follow-up on perceptions of gender equity, aspirations, and communication for adolescent girls who participated in the GR program. A quasi-experimental study design with a one group pre- and post-test was implemented. The pilot evaluation study included all 265 participants at baseline who participated in the GR program. after controlling for significant variables, it was found that the gender equitable attitudes score and communications scale still significantly increased between baseline and follow-up. The results of this evaluation prove that gender sensitization programs play a key role in forming and changing gender attitudes during adolescence, and have the potential to alter their short and long-term attitudes and beliefs.

The Effects of Pay Equity Perceptions and Pay Transparency on Personal Pay Disclosure

Pay transparency and pay disclosure represent a top-down and a bottom-up perspective on pay information transfer, respectively. Yet, despite the importance of understanding the cross-level implicat...

Teacher-Student Incongruence in Perceptions of School Equity: Associations with Student Connectedness in Middle and High Schools.

School equity refers to the extent to which students are treated fairly, ensuring that each student receives what they need to be successful. School staff can play a vital role in creating an equitable school climate for adolescents, but little is known about how staff perceive equity in their school and how this in turn may relate to students' perceptions. This study sought to explore congruence between teacher and student perceptions of school equity and how congruence or incongruence related to students' sense of connectedness to school. Data for the study came from the Maryland Safe and Supportive Schools Climate Survey, which was administered online to 5523 school staff and 59,218 students across 104 middle and high schools. Multilevel models indicated that, compared to high staff and high student ratings, there was lower connectedness among the schools with low staff, low student ratings of equity as well as the schools with high staff, low student and low staff, high student ratings of equity. The findings suggest that staff perceptions of school equity are often higher than students and incongruence in perceptions may have a negative impact on students' connection to school.

New media use and the belief in a just world: awareness of life events and the perception of fairness for self and injustice for others

ABSTRACT The disclosure of life events is among the most common behaviors on social media and is part of the everyday activities revealed through the use of many other new media. This paper explores the awareness of major life events through these media as they relate to a person’s belief in a just world for themselves and others. Using survey data, we find that text messaging, commenting on Facebook, and having more Facebook friends are associated with awareness of desirable events. Passive modes of communication, e.g., the use of the ‘like’ interaction on Facebook, are related to an awareness of both desirable and undesirable life events across a greater range of social ties. Awareness of undesirable events in the lives of strong ties fosters a lower perception of equity and justice for others, whereas an awareness of desirable experiences in the lives of strong ties is related to greater, perceived, personal justice. We discuss the implications of the awareness of major life events through new media in terms of the psychological benefits that can come from the vicarious joy and comfort one receives from other’s experiences; what we call mudita and comfort from others (MACO). We argue that the long-term, cumulative effects of greater awareness of undesirable life events may lend support to social movements that seek to reduce injustices experienced by disadvantaged groups.