Perceptions Of Contraception Research Articles

A comprehensive analysis of contraceptive safety: Implications for gynecological health and education levels

The use of contraceptives is essential for lowering the net reproduction rate and stabilizing population growth. Developing countries are characterized by high birth rates and rapid population growth. With lower contraceptive usage rates among eligible couples and resistance towards family planning methods, achieving population stabilization seems challenging. Therefore, this study aims to study the effects of various contraceptive methods on gynecological health and their safety profiles, The present observational study, was conducted in Department Obstetrics and Gynaecology at tertiary health care centre, Panjab, India. A total of 450 women were evaluated with the help of a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire to address knowledge, awareness, and perception of contraception among the rural and urban population in Punjab. The data were collected and analysed.All the participants were known to the traditional contraception and only few were aware about the modern contraception. Participants preferred tubal ligation (43.78%) over vasectomy (75.78%) and rarely considered hysterectomy (1.11%). Most knew about male condoms (99.56%) but fewer about female condoms (0.44%). Among the participants, 59.78% were aware of contraception side effects. Regarding condom use, opinions were divided, with 48.67% in favor and 51.33% against. Educated individuals were aware of contraception but not its major side effects. Therefore, we suggest investigating social, cultural, and knowledge aspects to improve understanding.

“An obedient wife never says “no” to her virtual god.” High fertility conceptions and barriers to contraceptive use among mothers of Southern Pakistan: a qualitative study

IssueBiomedical approaches want to change locals’ behaviors without understanding the sociocultural rationales and contextualizing the cultural and structural backdrop of women’s agency.ObjectivesThis study explored the perceptions and practices of rural mothers about fertility and reproductive health and further examine the lack of preference for contraception and birth spacing in Southern Pakistan.MethodologyUsing purposive sampling we recruited 15 healthcare providers and 20 mothers from Southern Punjab. Key informants and in-depth interviews were used for data collection. We extracted themes and sub themes to analyse qualitative data.FindingsFive major themes identified preventing birth spacing and contraceptive use: (1) cultural barriers (2) economic difficulties and demographic factors; (3) gender-related hurdles; (4) spiritual and religious obstacles, and (5) medico-ethical complications. Nearly, ten sub-themes contributing to these major themes were: custom of girls’ early marriages, in-laws’ permission for contraception, women’s concern for medical complications and preference for safer methods, misuse of contraceptive methods by the medical community, mothers’ perception of contraception as sinful act and controlling birth is against faith, economic and rural-ethnic factors for high fertility, masculine disapproval of condom use, and wishing to give birth to male children.SuggestionsWe advocate for understanding the sociocultural explanations for low contraceptive use and urge practice of more natural methods of birth spacing over commercial solutions. The study suggests socio-economic development of less developed communities and empowerment of poor, illiterate, and rural women along with behavior change communication strategies.

Adolescent girls' perceptions regarding the use of contraceptives in Ekurhuleni District, Gauteng.

Unintended pregnancies pose various challenges for adolescent girls and can be prevented through contraceptive use. However, contraceptive use among adolescents is lower compared to among older women. To describe adolescent girls' perceptions of the use of contraceptives. Two high schools in Tembisa were selected as the study setting. Purposive sampling was used to select adolescent girls who had reached menarche and were willing to participate. Data collection involved narrative writing for girls under 16 and interviews for older adolescents. Braun and Clark's six-step method was used for data analysis. A total of 35 adolescent girls were identified, and the final sample size was N = 33 adolescent girls whose ages ranged from 13 to 18 years. Two main themes emerged. Theme 1 was positive perceptions of contraceptives. Theme 1 was supported by two subthemes: the first was the influence of the male partner; the second was financial constraints in families. The second theme was negative perceptions of contraceptives. Four subthemes supported the second main theme, which were: myths and misconceptions, influence of parents, healthcare worker attitudes and negative attitudes of community members. Addressing the low contraceptive uptake among adolescent girls requires understanding their perceptions to tailor interventions accordingly. The study contributes by highlighting the negative perceptions of contraceptive use, including family financial constraints and the influence of male partners. These findings can inform reproductive health initiatives aimed at increasing contraceptive use among adolescents.

A comparative study on knowledge, awareness and perception of contraception among rural and urban population in Punjab

In developing countries like India, a lack of awareness about contraceptive methods often leads to misconceptions, limited choices, and improper family planning. This knowledge gap not only disrupts maternal and child health complications but also disrupts the economy of society and the nation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge, awareness and perception of contraception among the rural and urban population in Punjab.This observational study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at a tertiary health care centre, in Punjab, India. A total of 500 women were evaluated with the help of a pre-designed questionnaire to address knowledge, awareness, and perception of contraception among the rural and urban population in Punjab. The statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS Windows, version 28. In the present study, a total of 492 participants were included, of whom 387 were from rural areas and 105 were from urban areas. This study revealed, 100% of participants were aware of contraception. In terms of the source of information, social circles were identified as the primary channel (46.34%), followed by the media (33.94%), health workers (16.87%), and educational institutes (2.85%).This study highlights contraceptive methods, including condoms, oral contraceptives, and intrauterine devices (IUDs), as primary choices. Therefore, it's important to bridge the gap between awareness and action. Hence, this study, advocate the awareness program on interventions to ensure everyone can access effective family planning resources without barriers.

Contraceptive content shared on social media: an analysis of Twitter

BackgroundInformation on social media may affect peoples’ contraceptive decision making. We performed an exploratory analysis of contraceptive content on Twitter (recently renamed X), a popular social media platform.MethodsWe selected a random subset of 1% of publicly available, English-language tweets related to reversible, prescription contraceptive methods posted between January 2014 and December 2019. We oversampled tweets for the contraceptive patch to ensure at least 200 tweets per method. To create the codebook, we identified common themes specific to tweet content topics, tweet sources, and tweets soliciting information or providing advice. All posts were coded by two team members, and differences were adjudicated by a third reviewer. Descriptive analyses were reported with accompanying qualitative findings.ResultsDuring the study period, 457,369 tweets about reversible contraceptive methods were published, with a random sample of 4,434 tweets used for final analysis. Tweets most frequently discussed contraceptive method decision-making (26.7%) and side effects (20.5%), particularly for long-acting reversible contraceptive methods and the depot medroxyprogesterone acetate shot. Tweets about logistics of use or adherence were common for short-acting reversible contraceptives. Tweets were frequently posted by contraceptive consumers (50.6%). A small proportion of tweets explicitly requested information (6.2%) or provided advice (4.2%).ConclusionsClinicians should be aware that individuals are exposed to information through Twitter that may affect contraceptive perceptions and decision making, particularly regarding long-acting reversible contraceptives. Social media is a valuable source for studying contraceptive beliefs missing in traditional health research and may be used by professionals to disseminate accurate contraceptive information.

A randomized controlled study of the effects of targeted health education on uptake of contraceptives among women of reproductive age in Nnewi City, South-East Nigeria.

There is a need for contraception uptake among people to enable them to fulfil their right to determine the timing, number and spacing of their children. In regions with poor contraceptive prevalence rates, lack of effective education has been largely implicated, and Nigeria falls among such regions. Thus, the present study is designed to examine the impact of an educational intervention on uptake of contraceptives among women aged 18-49 years seeking care at the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi. Being an interventional study to underscore the effect of targeted health education on uptake of contraceptives, a randomized controlled trials design was adopted. A total of 275 women were randomly recruited and allocated into two groups-140 in intervention group and 135 in the control group. Data was collected by trained research assistants using a pretested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. At baseline, the level of uptake of contraceptives was similar in both the control and the intervention group (control = 2.48 points; intervention = 2.55 points). Overall, there were no statistically discernible differences between the two groups at baseline. The level of awareness and knowledge on contraceptives as well as the uptake of contraceptives significantly increased in both groups at the end of the study period. A statistically significantly higher increase was noted in the intervention group when compared to the control in level of awareness (t = 3.235; p < 0.05) and uptake of contraceptives (t = 2.628; p < 0.05). Significant positive changes in perceptions of contraceptives were observed more among the intervention group when compared to the control. Logistic regression analysis showed uptake of contraceptives was significantly influenced by occupation, monthly income, source of information, time of first use of contraceptives, level of knowledge on contraceptives as well as the targeted educational intervention. The targeted health educational intervention had a significant and positive effect on the level of awareness and uptake of contraceptives, as displayed in the intervention group. A significant and positive change in perception of contraceptives was also noted among the intervention group in almost all the questions. Certain factors were found to significantly impact the uptake of contraceptives. There is a need for studies with longer follow-up to ascertain sustained impact of health education on uptake of contraceptives. Further studies should be carried out in the other facilities in Nnewi to ensure a better coverage and representation of the target population. Finally, related studies should be carried out among men.

Sexual and reproductive health services access and provision in Cambodia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed-method study of urban–rural differences

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic pushed governments worldwide to implement unprecedented mitigation measures, including safe-distancing, lockdowns, disruption of non-essential services, border closures and travel restrictions, with both potential to affect rural and urban service-users differently and unintended consequences including reductions in sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. We aimed to explore rural–urban differences in progress and challenges in SRH services provision in Cambodia, particularly during initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe used a mixed-methods study design, including a household survey of 423 adolescents and women aged 18–49 and semi-structured interviews with 21 healthcare providers. We analysed survey data using multivariable logistic regression to identify associations between rural–urban setting and contraceptive perceptions or access. We analysed interview data thematically.ResultsRural–urban residence was significantly associated with reported perceptions about and access to contraceptives. Rural participants had higher odds of stating it was possible to change contraceptive methods early in the COVID-19 pandemic, compared with urban participants. Qualitative data showed that although SRH services continued, health-workers faced differential challenges in rural and urban areas, e.g. service-users not attending due to job losses in urban areas and not complying with safe-distancing and mask-wearing requests in rural areas.ConclusionsCOVID-19 and inadequate mitigation responses differentially affected rural and urban SRH service providers and service-users, exacerbating existing socioeconomic stressors while adding new fears of infection, transport constraints, and reduced livelihoods. Added financial support could help mitigate challenges in both rural and urban areas.

Measuring the Sexual Acceptability of Contraception: Psychometric Examination and Development of a Valid and Reliable Prospective Instrument

BackgroundPeople's sexual experiences have a strong association with contraceptive satisfaction and continuation, but no measures exist to specifically assess contraceptive-related sexual acceptability. AimThis study developed and examined the psychometric properties of reliability, separation, and item fit of a new Contraceptive Sexual Acceptability (CSA) instrument. MethodsEnrolled participants initiating a new contraceptive method from the HER Salt Lake longitudinal cohort study contributed baseline survey responses for scale development. The study included the Female Sexual Function Index, the New Sexual Satisfaction Scale, measures of physical and mood-related side effects, and self-reported perceptions of contraception's sexual impacts. Items from these measures’ served as the basis for analyses. We analyzed responses using descriptive techniques and modeled using exploratory factor (EFA) and bifactor analyses (BFA). The Masters’ Partial Credit Rasch method modeled reliability, separation, and item fit statistics. Here we evaluate (i) the reproducibility of relative measure location on the modeled linear latent variable, (ii) the number of statistically unique performance levels that can be distinguished by the measure, and (iii) the discrepancy between item responses and expectations of the model. Psychometric findings and theoretical models informed item reduction and final scale development. OutcomesWe developed a 10-item Contraceptive Sexual Acceptability scale that exceeded the thresholds and sufficiently covered domains for use in contraceptive research and clinical settings. ResultsStarting with data on 39-items from 4,387 individuals, we identified 10-items that best measured the CSA latent construct. The Rasch model included a total of 5 calibrations. We reduced items based on bifactor analysis and surpassed unidimensionality thresholds (OH = 0.84, ECV = 0.74) set a priori. The final items included questions with scaled responses about pleasure and orgasm (orgasm quality, orgasm frequency, giving partner pleasure), physical (arousal and function) and psychological (emotional connection, surrender) components, general questions of satisfaction and frequency, and a measure of perceived impact of contraception on sexual experiences in the previous 4 weeks. Clinical ImplicationsThe 10-item CSA instrument covers physical and psychological aspects of contraceptive sexual acceptability and can be used in clinical settings. Strengths & LimitationsThe unidimensional CSA instrument offers a brief, yet comprehensive assessment of sexual acceptability. Given the limited diversity of the sample, implementation of this scale in contraceptive research and clinical interactions should be evaluated and validated in more diverse settings. ConclusionAttuning to sexual acceptability could ultimately help contraceptive clients find methods that better meet their needs and preferences.Sanders JN, Kean J, Zhang C, et al. Measuring the Sexual Acceptability of Contraception: Psychometric Examination and Development of a Valid and Reliable Prospective Instrument. J Sex Med 2022;19:507–520.

Wife's Perception of Contraception Equipment

The high birth rate in Indonesia is still a major problem in the population. One of the programs to suppress population growth is through the family planning program. Perceptions of couples of childbearing age regarding family planning have a strong enough influence to determine the use of contraceptives by their wives. This study aims to explore how the wife's perception of contraception. The research method used is qualitative with in-depth interviews. Informants who will conduct in-depth interviews are 4 informants who are wives and currently using contraceptives. The results showed that the informants first found out information on the use of contraceptives, namely by health workers. Informants feel that family and self-support affect the use of contraceptives. Informants use contraceptives to control the population, limit birth rates, and regulating birth spacing, informants will feel different discomforts when using contraceptives. informants have the view that Islam does not prohibit the use of contraceptives. Based on this, we can say that the perception of wives in using contraceptives is influenced by several aspects of the information, family support as well as the perception of a wife against contraceptives cheap and tangka it is a benchmark for the wife in the use of contraception other than required by the state. To regulate the distance between pregnancies, the wife also believes in terms of health and religious beliefs that using contraceptives does not violate the norms and beliefs they currently hold.

Men's Choice of Contraception Method

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the contraception choices of men, aged between 18-60 and living in the center of a province in the Gümüşhane. Methods: The study is of a descriptive type. As a data collection form, an Individual Information Form consisting of a total of 32 questions was used. This form questions the demographic-physical-biological-social-health histories of the participants and their knowledge, attitudes, behaviors about contraception methods. Averages were given together with standard deviations. Results: 20.8 % of the participants are aged between 26-33. It was seen that 25.3% of the participants had knowledge about contraception methods and 64.7% did not use any methods. When the variables of the age and the marital status are approached in terms of having sufficient knowledge about contraception and still using contraception methods, there is a statistical significance between the variable of 'is the use of contraception methods harmful to health?' with the status of still using contraception methods. A statistical significance is also found between the variable of being sexually active with the status of having sufficient knowledge about contraception and still using contraception methods (p&amp;gt;0.05). Conclusion: In this study, It has been determined that men who had sufficient information about contraceptions had higher age and higher education levels, were sexually active and married. It has been seen that the age, the marital status, the perception of contraception as harmful to health, the status of being sexually active did not affect receiving any training about contraception.

Perceptions of contraceptives as factors in birth outcomes and menstruation patterns in a rural community in Siaya county, Western Kenya

Unmet need for contraception persists in Kenya despite an increase in awareness and availability of family planning services. There is a dearth of information on experiences and perceptions of contraception, specifically related to birth outcomes and menstruation patterns, in western Kenya. The aim of this study was to explore knowledge and perceptions on contraception, menstruation, and birth outcomes. In-depth interviews were conducted with 45 respondents; adolescent girls with children, mothers over age 20, and fathers. Six Focus Group Discussions were held with 60 participants drawn from Skilled Birth Attendants, Traditional Birth Attendants, and Community Leaders. A thematic content analysis approach was used. We found that most participants knew about contraceptives and accessed the services in their local health facilities. A majority of the women associated problems with the inability to track menstruation with contraceptive side effects. Beliefs linking contraceptives to the occurrence of preterm and birth defects were also reported among the respondents. Overall, most women approved of contraceptives, however, perceptions remained largely negative among men. While contraception remains an important health service for improvement of maternal-child health, the belief that it affects menstruation and contributes to preterm births hinders its uptake in the community. There should be programmatic intervention targeting families to change the negative perceptions linked to contraceptive use.

014 “I Don’t Want to Get Fat, and I Don’t Like Working Out So….” - Perceptions of Contraception Among College-aged Students: Weight Gain vs Protection

Over the past decade, there has been a significant decrease in the pregnancy rates among teens in the US. However, unintended pregnancy in this population is still a public health concern. Gaps in knowledge and practice of sexual and reproductive health behaviors among young people has been identified as an important contributor to rates of unintended pregnancy. Southern states account for some of the highest teen pregnancy rates in the nation.

Impact of the village health center project on contraceptive behaviors in rural Jordan: a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences analysis

BackgroundAppropriate contraceptive use remains a major health challenge in rural Jordan. The Japan International Cooperation Agency implemented a project aimed at enhancing the capacity of village health centers (VHCs) to improve the quality and quantity of family planning (FP) services in rural Jordan in 2016–2018. Facility- and community-based approaches were integrated into the interventions. We evaluated the project’s impacts on contraceptive behaviors and the effectiveness of the two approaches.MethodsWe used a difference-in-differences analysis based on the project baseline and endline surveys, and logistic regression analysis to assess associations between eight primary outcomes and three secondary outcomes (impacts). The unit of intervention was five target VHCs; the unit of analysis was currently married women of reproductive age (15–49 years) in five intervention and five control villages.ResultsOverall, 2061 married women participated; 83.8% were in need of FP. Compared with the control villages, significant effects, ranging from + 0.4% points (pp) to + 11.5 pp., were observed in the intervention villages for six primary outcomes in these categories: increasing the use of FP services at VHCs, participation in health promotion activities, and changing the sources of reproductive health information. There was a trend toward improved secondary outcomes in the intervention villages, but no significant differences were observed between the intervention and control villages regarding modern contraceptive use (mCU; + 4.3 pp), traditional contraceptive use (tCU; − 0.5 pp), and spousal agreement on contraception (+ 5.1 pp). mCU was positively associated with five primary outcomes: obtaining contraceptives at VHCs [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26–9.40], education sessions at VHC (AOR 7.41, 95% CI 1.60–34.39), health activities in communities (AOR 7.41, 95% CI 3.28–16.78), counseling by private doctor/clinic (AOR 0.62, 95% CI 0.40–0.97), and information gained through TV (AOR 0.50, 95% CI 0.32–0.76). Spousal agreement on contraception showed similar positive trends. tCU was associated only with TV.ConclusionsThe project had impacts on increased mCU and husbands’ perception of contraception in rural Jordan. The integration of facility- and community-based approaches may be effective in shifting from tCU to mCU in other rural areas.

Exploring gender and partner communication: Theory of planned behavior predictors for condom use among urban youth in Zambia

To understand how knowledge and perceptions of condoms and partner communication influence use of condoms in a high HIV prevalence setting and gender-specific differences. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Zambia from 2015 to 2016. The survey included questions on demographics, sexual behavior, contraceptive perceptions, and behaviors. We constructed multivariate regression models using the Theory of Planned Behavior to determine associations between knowledge, perceptions, and perceived control with intended, communicated, and reported use of condoms by gender. The participants were 2388 sexually active urban residents aged 18-24years. In the sample, 1646 (69%) were female, 841 (35%) married,and 1894 (61%) unemployed. Partner communication was the predictor most associated with use of condoms. Among women, partner communication was associated with over three times higher odds of condom use (odds ratio [OR] 3.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.65-4.65) but being married reduced the odds of condom use by 76% (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.17-0.33). For men, a network of friends that was supportive of the use of contraception was associated with increased odds of 55% for use of condoms (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.10-2.18). Public health programs aimed at increasing safer sexual behavior and use of condoms must consider improving gender equity and partner communication, as knowledge of contraceptives and positive perceptions are not enough to ensure their use.

Perceptions of Contraception and Patterns of Switching Contraceptive Methods Among Family-planning Acceptors in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.

ObjectivesThe perceptions of family-planning (FP) acceptors regarding contraception influence the reasons for which they choose to switch their method of contraception. The objective of this study was to analyze the perceptions of contraception and rationales for switching contraceptive methods among female FP acceptors in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.MethodsThis study involved the analysis of secondary data from the Improve Contraceptive Method Mix study, which was conducted in 2013 by the Center for Health Research, University of Indonesia. The design of the study was cross-sectional. We performed 3 stages of sampling using the cluster technique and selected 4819 women who were FP acceptors in West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia as the subjects of this study. The data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression.ResultsThe predominant pattern of switching contraceptive methods was switching from one non-long-term method of contraception to another. Only 31.0% of the acceptors reported a rational pattern of switching contraceptive methods given their age, number of children, and FP motivations. Perceptions of the side effects of contraceptive methods, the ease of contraceptive use, and the cost of the contraceptives were significantly associated (at the level of α=0.05) with rational patterns of switching contraceptive methods.ConclusionsPerceptions among FP-accepting women were found to play an important role in their patterns of switching contraceptive methods. Hence, fostering a better understanding of contraception through high-quality counseling is needed to improve perceptions and thereby to encourage rational, effective, and efficient contraceptive use.

Use and Perception of Contraception among Genders in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.

Background:The prevalence of contraception in the Dominican Republic is among the highest of Latin American countries. Prior research has assessed the general perception of contraception in Latin America, examined determinants of contraceptive use among Dominican women, and explored their perceived reproductive control. Little research has explored the specific role each sexual partner, male and female, has in determining the use of contraception in Latin American countries.Objective:This study aims to address the gap in research regarding the specific role each sexual partner has in determining the contraception use in Latin American countries by evaluating male and female perception and use of contraception, and their perceived reproductive control.Methods:A one-time survey was administered to adult patients of two short-term medical missions located in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. The difference in overall responses to dichotomous questions and ordinal questions were tested using binomial Z-test and nonparametric Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit test. Bivariate analyses were conducted using cross tabulation with Chi-Square test.Findings:The majority of participants of both genders are in favor of contraception use, believe they have the power to avoid an unplanned pregnancy, and view their partners’ wishes regarding the use of contraception as important. However, significantly more females than males are in favor of contraception use (p-value = 0.01). Specific subgroups of men and women answered the survey in ways that suggest traditional values may be at odds with individuals’ willingness to use contraception.Conclusions:There is an overall acceptance of contraception use and perception of reproductive control among both genders in our population, with a greater proportion of females in favor of contraception use than males (p-value = 0.01). Changing cultural norms may be coming into conflict with established beliefs and practices in the Dominican Republic, such as its machismo culture.

Women's Contraceptive Perceptions, Beliefs, and Attitudes: An Integrative Review of Qualitative Research.

Unintended pregnancy rates will remain high until researchers explore the lived experience of women's relationships with contraception. This integrative review examines the extant qualitative literature on women's contraception to illuminate common themes in women's perspectives through the lens of the feminist poststructuralist framework. A literature review of PubMed and CINAHL databases was completed for English-language studies conducted in the United States from January 2008 through September 2018 that qualitatively examined women's perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes regarding contraception. Reports, dissertations, mixed-methods research, and literature reviews were excluded. The sample, methods, and findings of 19 studies were reviewed. Themes were identified using the 5 major tenets of the feminist poststructuralist framework: discourse, power, language, subjectivity, and agency. Themes of power imbalance between partners and health care providers; societal and communal discourses on femininity and motherhood; distrust of hormonal contraception; the ability to enhance personal agency through contraceptive decision making; and a need for open, patient-focused communication arose from the 19 studies included in the review. Using a feminist poststructuralist framework to examine women's contraceptive perceptions illuminates and magnifies the many ways in which contraceptive beliefs and use are dependent on gender roles and power dynamics. Gaps in knowledge specific to older women and exploration of women's subjectivity should be addressed. Clinicians should evaluate the power structures inherent to their practice while providing woman-focused, evidence-based contraceptive education.

Contraception and fertility counseling in patients receiving chemotherapy.

e23055 Background: Cancer care advances allow more patients to pursue fertility. Unfortunately, treatments may have detrimental effects both on fertility and risks to fetus should pregnancy occur. This study examines patient perceptions of fertility and contraception counseling, as well as physician documentation thereof. Methods: After IRB approval, a cross-sectional study was performed identifying men and women, ages 18-50, seen between May 2017 and 2018 with newly diagnosed malignancy. Patients with previous sterilization procedures, a secondary or synchronous cancer, or prior lines of chemotherapy, were excluded. Consented patients received a survey regarding their perception receipt and quality of counseling. Demographic data, including contraception use, reproductive history, and physician documentation were obtained. Differences in receipt of counseling and perception of received counseling were evaluated using chi-square tests. Results: Of 179 patients identified, 53 ultimately participated. Majority were women (75 v 25%). Counseling documentation for contraception and fertility occurred in 5% and 32% of charts, respectively. Though 42% and 49% perceived receipt, respectively. Of those receiving counseling, it was perceived as sufficient by 64% regarding contraception and 72% regarding fertility. Race, gender, and reproductive history were not found to be associated to whether patients perceived counseling on contraception (p &gt; 0.1). Men were more likely than women to be perceive counseling regarding fertility (85 v 43%, p = 0.010). However, both felt fertility counseling to be sufficient with similar rates of documentation. Caucasians were more likely to perceive receipt of fertility counseling and to perceive it to be sufficient, then African Americans (68 v 29% and 70 v 40%, respectively) at same rate of documentation (35%). Conclusions: Significant discrepancies in perception of contraception and fertility counseling were seen, though documentation rates were similar across all groups examined. Despite equal rates of physician documentation, gender and race were important factors for the perception of fertility counseling, while race was a factor to quality of perceived counseling.

The Influence of Information Access, Knowledge, Perception of Family Planning’s Risks, and Husband’s Support on Interest of Using Contraception for Unmet Need Group

This study aims are to analyze the influence of information access, knowledge, perception of contraception for birth control risk, and husband's support on unmet need group’s interest in using contraception. This research used a cross-sectional study design and survey method. The research was conducted in Bogor City, Indonesia with 200 respondents (wives). Data was collected through face-to-face interview. Data were analyzed descriptively and inferred using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The respondents were selected purposively. Based on research’s result, the wife’s knowledge regarding contraception using was in the medium category. However, knowledge about contraception devices was still in the low category. In this research, wives perceive that family planning has little risk for health and non-health. Husband’s support was categorized as good and the husbands allowed their wife to use contraception but did not get involved in the decision-making. The respondents had reasonably good interest in contraception using by considering 6 to 10 respondents prefer not to use contraception. Research result showed the accepted hypothesis are access to information influences knowledge (H1), perceived risk influences interest (H5), access to information does not influences risk perception (H2), knowledge does not influence risk perception (H3), knowledge has no effect on interest (H4), so does husband's support (H6).

Psychosocial Barriers of Unmet Need Among Woman of Reproductive Age

Women with unmet need are those who are fecund and sexually active but are not using any method of contraception but do not want to conceive either to prohibiting or limiting pregnancy. The unmet need increases the risk of maternal mortality from unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion. The percentage of unmet need in Yogyakarta exceeds the national average percentage and Kraton District is the highest region of unmet need in Yogyakarta.&#x0D; Objective: Exploring in-depth information on the barriers of women of reproductive age to use contraception leads to unmet need behavior in terms of psychosocial aspects&#x0D; Method: This research was qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The informants were taken by purposive sampling technique with criterion sampling strategy. The main informants were 7 women with unmet need and supporting informants as many as 11 people. Data collection techniques used in-depth interview and document study. Data analysis using thematic analysis.&#x0D; Results : Various themes were found to address psychosocial barriers, personal barriers were the main barriers behind women to behave unmet need, including lack of understanding of appropriate contraceptives and unwanted pregnancy risk, weak motivation in using contraception, negative perceptions of contraception, low perceptions of fertility, high self-efficacy against pregnancy prevention strategies and positive coping mechanisms against the risk of pregnancy are undesirable.&#x0D; Conclusion: Personal barriers are the main obstacles for women of reproductive age to behave unmet need. It needs effective counseling optimization, emphasis on impact and risk of unmet need and strengthening of motivation to use modern contraception in order to increase the sustainability of contraception use and prevent drop out and unmet need for contraception.