Perceptions Of Abuse Research Articles

Immigrant Latino Fathers’ Perceptions of Child Abuse and Neglect

The objective of this qualitative research was to study the lived experiences of child abuse and neglect for immigrant Latino fathers whose children are involved in the child protection process. We documented the narratives of nine immigrant Latino fathers attending fatherhood groups regarding their perceptions of child abuse and neglect.The immigrant Latino fathers highlighted their lack of agency and marginalization due to acculturative parenting stress, structural discrimination, and immigration status. They are burdened with physical and emotional pain that diffuses into their children’s lives and results in unhealthy coping strategies. The Latino fathers faced everyday microaggressions, racial abuses, and discrimination due to their agency and role as Latino immigrants. They chronicled their frustrations dueto distrust of the mainstream social service providers, police, immigration officials, and abuse meted on them due to their marginalized identities. We provide practice and policy recommendations for professionals working with immigrant Latino families.

A Study of Friend Abuse Perception in Facebook

Social networks like Facebook provide functionality that can expose users to abuse perpetrated by their contacts. For instance, Facebook users can often access sensitive profile information and timeline posts of their friends and also post abuse on the timeline and news feed of their friends. In this article, we introduce AbuSniff, a system to identify Facebook friends perceived to be abusive or strangers and protect the user by restricting the access to information for such friends. We develop a questionnaire to detect perceived strangers and friend abuse. We train supervised learning algorithms to predict questionnaire responses using features extracted from the mutual activities with Facebook friends. In our experiments, participants recruited from a crowdsourcing site agreed with 78% of the defense actions suggested by AbuSniff, without having to answer any questions about their friends. When compared to a control app, AbuSniff significantly increased the willingness of participants to take a defensive action against friends. AbuSniff also increased the participant self-reported willingness to reject friend invitations from strangers and abusers, their awareness of friend abuse implications, and their perceived protection from friend abuse.

Perceptions of Drug Use and Abuse among Adults in Igbo-Eze North Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria: Implications for Social Work Practice

Drug use has not been the problem but rather its abuse and irrespective of the risk thereof, people still abuse them. That is why this study was set out to examine the perceptions of drug use and abuse among adults in Enugu-Ezike in Igbo-Eze North Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria. The study utilized a cross-sectional survey design. The study subjects consisted of 195 respondents (107 males and 88 females) aged 18 years and above. The quantitative data gathered were analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) using percentages and frequency distribution tables. Chi-square (X2) statistics were used to test the hypotheses The findings showed that 52.3% of the respondents know the meaning of drug use while majority of the respondents were aware of drug abuse. 81.0% of the respondents have negative perception of drug abuse. Also, 54.9% stated that Marijuana is the most abused drug in the study area. Eighty percent (80%) believed that increase in drug abuse increases the rate of crime in the communities. Above thirty-one percent believe that family problems contributed in abusing drugs. The implications of the study to social work practice therefore, is to carry out the public enlightenment, community education, counselling and research on the dangers of drug abuse in Nigeria. The study recommends that the stakeholders in drug use and management should develop appropriate measures to combat the menace of drug abuse that is ravaging our society.

The Prospective Influence of Perceived Social Norms on Bystander Actions Against Sexual Violence and Relationship Abuse: A Multiple Mediation Model.

The present study assessed support for an innovative model of the direct and indirect paths through which perceived peer norms regarding the prevalence and acceptability of sexual violence (SV) and relationship abuse (RA) may influence the decisional process leading to bystander intervention. Analyses included baseline and 6-month follow-up data collected from a large sample of high school students (N = 2,303) across 27 schools in the Northeastern United States. Path analyses were conducted to test a multiple mediation model of the direct and indirect associations among the sequential predictors of perceived descriptive and injunctive norms, personal attitudes, abuse perceptions, risk recognition, and dependent measures of bystander behaviors at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Higher perceptions of the prevalence (descriptive norms) and acceptability (injunctive norms) of SV and RA among peers were associated with more accepting personal attitudes toward SV and RA, which were associated with lower abuse perceptions and risk recognition. Furthermore, lower abuse perceptions and risk recognition were associated with decreases in bystander behaviors at both time points. Mediational analyses revealed several significant indirect paths through which higher perceptions of descriptive and injunctive norms contributed to decreases in bystander behavior. Findings provide novel evidence of the prospective influence of perceived norms on bystander intervention behavior in situations of SV and RA.

Factors Affecting Child Abuse Awareness of Parents of Grade-schoolers

본 연구는 초등학생 부모의 아동학대 인식에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하고자 하였으며, 이를 위해 창원지역 초등학생 부모 103명의 자료를 분석하였다. 연구결과 부모들은 성학대, 신체적 학대, 정서적 학대, 방임의 순으로 아동학대를 인식하고 있었으며, 아동학대 유형별 인식의 영향요인으로 신체적 학대인식은 경제적 수준, 아동체벌 및 부모처벌 허용정도가 영향요인으로 나타났다. 정서적 학대인식은 부모처벌 허용정도, 성학대인식은 경제적 수준, 아동학대 발생빈도 인식, 아동학대 지식이 영향요인이었으며, 방임인식은 가족구성원 수, 경제적 수준, 아동학대 발생빈도 인식이 영향요인으로 분석되었다. 전체 아동학대 인식에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 경제적 수준, 아동학대 발생빈도 인식, 아동체벌 및 부모처벌 허용 정도로 분석되었다. 본 연구결과에 따라 아동학대 인식정도가 낮은 고위험집단을 선정하여 이들을 대상으로 아동학대 지식에 대한 교육 뿐 아니라 아동학대의 심각성, 아동체벌의 위험성, 부모처벌의 필요성 등에 대하여 다양한 경로의 교육프로그램을 개발·시행하여 이들의 아동학대 인식을 향상시키는 것이 필요할 것이다.The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the parents’ awareness of child abuse. Data from 103 elementary school children’s parents in Changwon were collected and analyzed.The study found that the parents recognized different types of child abuse in the following order: sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect. In addition, this recognition of child abuse types was affected by economic level and tolerance of child corporal punishment and parental punishment. For emotional abuse awareness, several factors such as parental punishment tolerance, sexual abuse awareness, frequency of child abuse, and recognition of child abuse were analyzed as influencing factors, and the awareness of neglect was affected by the number of family members, economic level, and frequency of child abuse. The factors affecting the overall perception of child abuse were analyzed as follows: economic level, perception of the frequency of child abuse, and the extent of permitted child punishment and parental punishment.According to the results of this study, high-risk groups with low awareness of child abuse were selected, and education programs were developed for them. The programs include not only raising awareness on child abuse but also the seriousness of it, the risk of child punishment, and the necessity of parental punishment. It will be necessary to develop and implement various education programs on the risk of child physical punishment and the need for parental punishment to improve their awareness of child abuse

Perceptions of Program Abuse and Support for Social Insurance

Do perceptions of abuse in social insurance programs undercut program support? Answering this causal question is difficult because perceptions of program abuse can arise from multiple potential causes. Examining the case of disability insurance, we circumvent this challenges using laboratory experiments to study the interplay between program abuse and program support. Specifically, we test whether participants vote to reduce benefit levels when they observe program abuse, even if that abuse is not directly costly to them. We use a labor market shock to induce program abuse and show that the observation of a healthy worker receiving benefits causes workers who are unaffected by the shock to vote to lower benefits. This effect arises only when reducing benefit levels also reduces taxes. Our results demonstrate a causal link between program abuse and diminished support for social insurance, validating accounts that stress how violations of cooperative norms can undercut socially beneficial government programs.

The Influence of Gender on Perceptions of Culpability and Victim Status in Statutory Rape Offenses Involving Teachers.

Perceptions of child sexual abuse and statutory rape vary based on the gender of the victim, the perpetrator, and the combination of both. We extend existing research to examine attributions of responsibility and punitive preferences for student victims in student-teacher sexual relationships contingent on the gender dyad of the student and teacher and the interaction between the gender dyad and respondent gender. Participants (N = 648) were randomly assigned to vignettes wherein the gender of the student and teacher were manipulated (female teacher/male student; female teacher/female student; male teacher/female student; male teacher/male student). Overall, respondents were "pro-victim," though results indicate significant differences in respondent gender and how the gender dyads were perceived. Students in the male same-sex dyads were attributed less responsibility than other students. Furthermore, men were less likely to perceive the student as a victim, and women were more likely to indicate the student should be punished.

Empowerment or Threat: Perceptions of Childhood Sexual Abuse in the #MeToo Era.

The rise of the #MeToo movement has shed light on the prominence of sexual violence, and its victims who often remain silent. Despite increasing awareness, victims or survivors of sexual violence who disclose may be faced with negative reactions such as disbelief or blame. Such reactions extend to child victims of sexual abuse. This study aimed to shed light on gender differences in responses to sexual violence against a backdrop of #MeToo. Through an online survey (N = 253) on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, we assessed participants’ exposure to and perception of the #MeToo movement. In addition, we measured proximity to a victim or perpetrator of sexual violence. The effect of these variables on participants’ response to a disclosure of childhood sexual abuse was examined. Results indicated that men are more likely to perceive the movement as threatening than women. Furthermore, a discrepancy in proximity to sexual violence emerged, with women more likely to know a victim and men more likely to know a perpetrator. In response to a disclosure of childhood sexual abuse, men were more likely to respond in a skeptical manner than women. Positive perceptions of the #MeToo movement translated into more supportive responses to a disclosure. Proximity to a victim of sexual violence did not impact how people responded to a disclosure, but proximity to a perpetrator was associated with a more negative response. Although the aim of this movement is to give a voice to victims of sexual violence, it may trigger a defensive response from men, which makes them more skeptical toward disclosures of victimization.

‘They Were Going to the Beach, Acting like Tourists, Drinking, Chasing Girls’: A Mixed-Methods Study on Community Perceptions of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by UN Peacekeepers in Haiti

The United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) has been marred by reports of sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) perpetrated against local women/girls. However, there is very limited empirical evidence on the community’s perceptions regarding these sexual interactions. Through a mixed-methods approach, this article examines community experiences and perceptions of SEA, with three prominent themes arising: peacekeepers as tourists, peacekeepers as sexual exploiters and abusers, and peacekeepers as ideal partners. Uruguayan (n = 107, 28.1 per cent) and Brazilian personnel (n = 83, 21.8 per cent) were most commonly named in SEA narratives. We explore how these perceptions of MINUSTAH peacekeepers undermine the purpose and legitimacy of UN peace support operations, and propose strategies to prevent and address peacekeeper-perpetrated SEA.

보육교사가 지각한 아동학대 인식과 수행 정도 및 신고의무자 실천의지에 관한 연구

보육교사가 지각한 아동학대 인식과 수행 정도 및 신고의무자 실천의지에 관한 연구

Depression and Abuse During Medical Internships in Peruvian Hospitals

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of depression and abuse and identify the associated factors in medical interns in Peruvian hospitals. MethodsWe conducted a multicentre, cross-sectional and analytical study during the months of March to May 2016. We included medical interns from 18 Peruvian hospitals, in Lima and provinces. We used a survey that included sociodemographic data and a scale to measure the perception of abuse (psychological, physical and sexual). In addition, we used the Spanish version of the PHQ-9 to evaluate depression. We used Poisson regression with robust variances to calculate prevalence ratios (PRs). ResultsA total of 402 medical interns participated in the study, the median age was 25 [IQR: 21–33], and 52.7% were male. Moreover, 25.4% of them suffered from depression. In the adjusted model, the variables associated with depression were age (PRa=1.15), the number of hours they sleep per day (PRa=1.23), being a woman (PRa=3.33), performing the internship in a province (PRa=0.25), studying at a public university (PRa=0.64), living with parents (PRa=0.65) or alone (PRa=0.33), and having perceived some type of abuse (PRa=1.07). ConclusionsA quarter of surveyed medical interns had depression. Early screening is necessary to identify perceived abuse and other triggering depression factors that may adversely affect work performance and overall mental health during medical internships.

Elder abuse and neglect: an overlooked patient safety issue. A focus group study of nursing home leaders\u2019 perceptions of elder abuse and neglect

BackgroundThe definition and understanding of elder abuse and neglect in nursing homes can vary in different jurisdictions as well as among health care staff, researchers, family members and residents themselves. Different understandings of what constitutes abuse and its severity make it difficult to compare findings in the literature on elder abuse in nursing homes and complicate identification, reporting, and managing the problem. Knowledge about nursing home leaders’ perceptions of elder abuse and neglect is of particular interest since their understanding of the phenomenon will affect what they signal to staff as important to report and how they investigate adverse events to ensure residents’ safety. The aim of the study was to explore nursing home leaders’ perceptions of elder abuse and neglect.MethodsA qualitative exploratory study with six focus group interviews with 28 nursing home leaders in the role of care managers was conducted. Nursing home leaders’ perceptions of different types of abuse within different situations were explored. The constant comparative method was used to analyse the data.ResultsThe results of this study indicate that elder abuse and neglect are an overlooked patient safety issue. Three analytical categories emerged from the analyses: 1) Abuse from co-residents: ‘A normal part of nursing home life’; resident-to-resident aggression appeared to be so commonplace that care leaders perceived it as normal and had no strategy for handling it; 2) Abuse from relatives: ‘A private affair’; relatives with abusive behaviour visiting nursing homes residents was described as difficult and something that should be kept between the resident and the relatives; 3) Abuse from direct-care staff: ‘An unthinkable event’; staff-to-resident abuse was considered to be difficult to talk about and viewed as not being in accordance with the leaders’ trust in their employees.ConclusionsFindings in the present study show that care managers lack awareness of elder abuse and neglect, and that elder abuse is an overlooked patient safety issue. The consequence is that nursing home residents are at risk of being harmed and distressed. Care managers lack knowledge and strategies to identify and adequately manage abuse and neglect in nursing homes.

Providers' perceptions of disrespect and abuse during childbirth: a mixed-methods study in Kenya.

Disrespect and abuse during childbirth are violations of women’s human rights and an indicator of poor-quality care. Disrespect and abuse during childbirth are widespread, yet data on providers’ perspectives on the topic are limited. We examined providers’ perspectives on the frequency and drivers of disrespect and abuse during facility-based childbirth in a rural county in Kenya. We used data from a mixed-methods study in a rural county in Western Kenya with 49 maternity providers (32 clinical and 17 non-clinical) in 2016. Providers were asked structured questions on disrespect and abuse, followed by open-ended questions on why certain behaviours were exhibited (or not). Most providers reported that women were often treated with dignity and respect. However, 53% of providers reported ever observing other providers verbally abuse women and 45% reported doing so themselves. Observation of physical abuse was reported by 37% of providers while 35% reported doing so themselves. Drivers of disrespect and abuse included perceptions of women being difficult, stress and burnout, facility culture and lack of accountability, poor facility infrastructure and lack of medicines and supplies, and provider attitudes. Provider bias, training and women’s empowerment influenced how different women were treated. We conclude that disrespect and abuse are driven by difficult situations in a health system coupled with a facilitating sociocultural environment. Providers resorted to disrespect and abuse as a means of gaining compliance when they were stressed and feeling helpless. Interventions to address disrespect and abuse need to tackle the multiplicity of contributing factors. These should include empowering providers to deal with difficult situations, develop positive coping mechanisms for stress and address their biases. We also need to change the culture in facilities and strengthen the health systems to address the system-level stressors.

Prescription Drugs and the US Workforce: Results from a National Safety Council Survey

The cost of chronic pain in the United States is extremely high. Opioids are one of the most common medications prescribed for the treatment of chronic pain, and their misuse and addiction have been of concern. It has been found that opioids are frequently abused and negatively impact the American workforce. The objective of this study was to obtain data on US employers' concerns and priorities, perceptions of prescription drug abuse, perceived impact of prescription drug use on the workplace, identification of and response to drug abuse, perceived ability to handle prescription drug abuse in the workplace, and workplace initiatives, employee assistance programs, employee drug testing, workplace prescription drug training, insurance coverage of alternative treatment, and overall preparedness to deal with the issue. This research used an employer proprietary questionnaire created by members of the National Safety Council in cooperation with market research experts at B2B International. Employers surveyed via an online survey represent diverse industries and geographical areas. The research was conducted using a proprietary questionnaire. Participants were recruited from a sample of verified panelists through Research Now, and fieldwork was conducted online by B2B International. This report is on 501 interviews that each represent a US employer with 50 or more employees. The employers sampled are extremely diverse in not only size and industry, but also geography and centralization. Our results showed that 67% of employers reported concerns related to prescription drug misuse, which was comparable to workplace violence and more concerning than the use of illegal drugs. Sixty-one percent reported concerns related to prescription opioids, which was a higher concern than using anti-anxiety medications, stimulants, and even heroin. Survey study with descriptive analysis with limited sample. Prescription drug misuse and abuse concern American employers. Their side effects are clear, but employers are less likely to acknowledge their detrimental business effect. Employers report being unprepared for dealing with issues related to this; however, the firms with programs in place feel more prepared to deal with misuse and abuse. Prescription drugs, US workforce, chronic pain.

The Role of Attachment Styles and Communication Skills in Predicting Nursing and Medical Students' Perception of Elder Abuse.

BackgroundThe knowledge and abilities of nurses and physicians in perceiving and dealing with abuse are necessary for the improvement of older people’s health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of attachment styles and communication skills in predicting nursing and medical students’ perception of elder abuse in Yazd, Iran.MethodsThe present study was a descriptive cross-sectional design that was conducted in the form of multistage sampling on 397 nursing and medical students at Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd, Iran. The Elderly Caregiving Questionnaire (ECQ), Adults’ Attachment Styles Inventory (AAI), and the revised version of the Communication Skills Questionnaire were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 22 software.ResultsThe findings revealed that the participants had an appropriate understanding of elder abuse. The highest level of perception of elder abuse was in the dimension of psychological abuse (24.5± 5.22) and the lowest level was related to the dimension of physical abuse (21.7± 4.74). Additionally, a positive significant relationship was found between the score of students’ perception of abuse, and secure and avoidant attachment styles as well as students’ communication skills (p<0.01). According to regression analysis, these predictors explained 8.6% of the observed variance in the students’ perception of elder abuse.ConclusionThese findings indicate that attachment styles influenced the individual’s perception of elder abuse. Therefore, in future planning and research, this should be given more attention.

Influence of right-wing authoritarianism and the values proposed by Schwartz on the perception of psychological abuse as gender violence: an exploratory study / Influencia del autoritarismo de derechas y de los valores propuestos por Schwartz en la percepción del abuso psicológico como violencia de género: un estudio exploratorio

ABSTRACTPsychological abuse in relationships is an extremely important social problem and has serious consequences for the victims. The vast majority of women who have suffered from physical violence have also been victims of psychological violence. There is a line of research that seeks to analyse the role played by certain ideologies in the way the different forms of violence against women are perceived. This study analyses the relationship between right-wing authoritarianism and the values proposed by the Schwartz model in the perception of psychological abuse suffered by women in relationships as gender violence. A total of 308 university students participated in the research (206 women and 102 men). The results indicate that right-wing authoritarianism acts as a risk factor and the value of self-transcendence as a protective factor in the perception of psychological abuse as gender violence. In addition, a moderating effect of the value of self-transcendence was found in the relationship between right-wing authoritarianism and the perception of psychological abuse. The data confirm the importance of conservative ideology and values in the perception of gender violence.

Childhood sexual abuse perceptions and experience among college students of Panchkula.

Background and Objective:Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a global public health and human rights concern. Hence, the present study was conducted to assess childhood sexual abuse perception and experience among college students of Panchkula.Methodology:A self-administered anonymous questionnaire which assessed perception and experiences of childhood sexual abuse was given to a convenient sample of 1000 college students. Using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test, perception and the experience of childhood sexual abuse were calculated.Results:The study showed that 18% (boys = 20%, girls = 16%) of the students were exposed to CSA, with boys more often affected than girls. The student's perception about abuse was not very clear. Myths and cultural beliefs justified abuse.Conclusion:Although preliminary in nature, the present findings are among the first to demonstrate the nature of CSA among students of Panchkula. Further, the study revealed that CSA manifests both as contact and noncontact forms. More boys than girls are exposed to most forms of abuse.

Health prevention in youth sports: innovative and interdisciplinary experiences at the Lausanne 2020 Youth Olympic Games

The Youth Olympic Games were introduced in 2010 with the aim to bring young athletes not only an experience of competition on the world stage, but also to help them learn about the Olympic values, explore other cultures and develop the skills to become true ambassadors. The Lausanne 2020 Games provided an excellent opportunity to develop innovative concepts for health promotion and sports-related prevention. The enthusiasm across various sectors of society (political, academic and economy) empowered us to bring together multiple skills to materialize the IOC’s pledge. We developed communication concept around key sports-related issues targeting the competitors and population of our region. We set up pavilions hosting the various modules in Lausanne, at the Olympic Villages (Lausanne Vortex and St. Moritz), where the modules could be tested and videos were presented. Deep Impact is a virtual reality immersion into concussion, And You …? explores the perceptions of sports-related abuse through five excerpts of blockbuster movies. The Safety Clips for youth athletes introduce ten typical adolescent sports medicine topics in a youth-friendly format. Youth and elite (role model) athletes delivered the messages rather than professionals, whilst the content was true to current scientific knowledge. Three key elements emerged. 1. The power of interdisciplinarity and innovation to promote healthy sports. 2. Adolescence is the best time to sensitize athletes and their entourage. 3. The need for strong institutional and political support to develop health prevention in sport. We look forward to building on these positive experiences and bring prevention and health in sports forward.

Influencia de la satisfacción laboral y la percepción del abuso del poder jerárquico en el bienestar subjetivo del docente universitario

Objectives: Explain the subjective well being perception and job satisfaction of the professor thru power abuse perception. Methodology: The intention is to correlate some variables, thru descriptive stadistical operations and structural equations, using SPSS AMOS 25. The questionnaire will be answered by a population of private university teachers from the metropolitan zone of Guadalajara, with similarities of market share and agreements. Another viable option in time and resources could be in different UAG campi, as in Tabasco and Tepic. The first questionnaire was designed taking in consideration the constructs to measure, according the bibliographical research until now, taking into account the parsimony and the suitable people of the study for the contemplated universe, using a 1 to 5 likert scale. Contribution: Theorical: to explain if exists a subjective well being moderator effect in light of abuse percetion and job satisfaction in university teachers; to contribute in mexican teachers papers. Methodological: validate questionnaires in different contexts and people. Practical: identify opportunity áreas for the program implementation in job satisfaction improvement and decrease abuse perception.

Race-Based Sexual Stereotypes Influence Ratings of Child Victims in Sexual Abuse Cases

Children’s rights to personal safety and their rights to justice when that safety has been violated should be applied universally, irrespective of a child victim’s race. Yet when children disclose sexual abuse, racial prejudice could affect adults’ judgments of child victims. The present study examined how endorsement of the Jezebel stereotype (that Black females are lascivious and hypersexual) and exposure to sexualized videos influence perceptions of Black female child sexual abuse (CSA) victims. Undergraduates (N = 213) completed a Jezebel stereotype questionnaire and were randomly assigned (within gender/race) to experimental condition based on a 2 (victim age: 6 vs. 10 years) × 2 (victim race: Black, White) × 3 (priming condition: Black sexual video, White sexual video, no video) factorial design. Participants viewed one of the videos, read a CSA case, and then provided ratings about the case. Results suggest bias against Black girls even as young as 6 years old. For example, Black (compared to White) girls were perceived as less traumatized by their victimization. Participants who viewed the Black video and judged a Black victim rated the victim as less credible than those who viewed the Black video and judged a White victim. A number of participant gender differences in ratings of the child victims were also uncovered. The findings expand research on stereotyping and child victims. Implications for CSA case adjudication and children’s rights are discussed.