People's Perceptions Research Articles

Assessment of the Acceptable Range of Lips and Chin Position in Two Different Geographical Zones of Iran among Laypersons.

The position of the chin and lips are important components in the lower third of the face and can be changed by orthodontic treatment. It seems that factors such as diversity in culture, ethnicity, and place of residence are among the factors affecting people's perception of beauty. Iran, as a vast country, contains different ethnicities and cultures, and of course, it is not exempt from this point of view. Our purpose of conducting this study is to investigate the impact of the difference in living environment and culture on people's aesthetic perception. Orthodontists and oral surgeons can use these data to choose the best treatment plan for the patients according to their geographical zones. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the perception of lips and chin position. A series of 25 profile images were prepared in 5 sets. Each set contained 5 profile images. Northern and Southern lay people and orthodontists were asked to evaluate the profile series of each set in 1 session and score them from 1 to 5: 1, very unattractive; 2, unattractive; 3, neither attractive nor unattractive; 4, attractive; or 5, very attractive. 652 participants in 3 groups, including 16 orthodontists (10 men and 6 women), 318 lay people of the North of Iran (172 men and 138 women), and 318 lay people of the South of Iran (175 men and 139 women) participated in this study. Regardless of the chin position, normal lip position and slight changes of that (in both protruded and retruded positions) were more favorable for all three groups. The images with moderately retruded lips were scored as the least attractive by all three groups and orthodontist gave the lowest score to these profiles. Southern people could better tolerate moderately retruded lips than other two groups. In the fifth series, orthodontists preferred slightly and moderately protruded lips in comparison to other two groups of laypeople. Regardless of the chin position, normal and slightly (-2mm to +2mm) protruded and retruded lips were more favorable in all three groups. Southern people could better tolerate moderately retruded lips than the two other groups.

Determining community happiness index with transformers and attention-based deep learning

In the current digital era, evaluating the quality of people's lives and their happiness index is closely related to their expressions and opinions on Twitter social media. Measuring population welfare goes beyond monetary aspects, focusing more on subjective well-being, and sentiment analysis helps evaluate people's perceptions of happiness aspects. Aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) effectively identifies sentiments on predetermined aspects. The previous study has used Word-to-Vector (Word2Vec) and long short-term memory (LSTM) methods with or without attention mechanism (AM) to solve ABSA cases. However, the problem with the previous study is that Word2Vec has the disadvantage of being unable to handle the context of words in a sentence. Therefore, this study will address the problem with bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT), which has the advantage of performing bidirectional training. Bayesian optimization as a hyperparameter tuning technique is used to find the best combination of parameters during the training process. Here we show that BERT-LSTM-AM outperforms the Word2Vec-LSTM-AM model in predicting aspect and sentiment. Furthermore, we found that BERT is the best state-of-the-art embedding technique for representing words in a sentence. Our results demonstrate how BERT as an embedding technique can significantly improve the model performance over Word2Vec.

Effect of street trees shade on perceived thermal comfort in a south temperate climate: The sidewalks of Montevideo (Uruguay)

The use of vegetation in cities is one of the most promising strategies for urban climate change adaptation and mitigation. Tree shade influences heat storage from surfaces reducing long wave radiation emission which directly affects people. People 's heat perception depends more on insolation and the temperature of surrounding objects than on air temperature itself. There is a need for analyzes that include the combined effects of physical and human variables on thermal comfort, as well as location-based studies to address its climatic and social conditions. In order to compare the effect of the trees on microenvironmental temperature and perceived thermal comfort, we measured physical parameters and performed structured interviews on three downtown streets of Montevideo, Uruguay, which had sections with and without trees on four dates during the summer. Generally, people surveyed under both treatments stated they did not feel fully comfortable due to summer heat, but the proportion of people who stated feeling in thermal comfort under tree shade was more than double than the unshaded sections.The seasonal ARIMA analysis supported that the tree shade reduced the microenvironmental temperature by its effect on radiant temperature. By using a statistical decision tree methodology that combines all the variables in the same analysis, we found a greater impact of physical variables than personal variables on people's thermal comfort and thermal preferences. We also identified gender as a significant variable that affects people's thermal preferences, where 46.4 % of females preferred a slightly colder environment.

Cyber Security Crisis/Threat: Analysis of Malaysia National Security Council (NSC) Involvement Through the Perceptions of Government, Private and People Based on the 3P Model

Cyber Security Crisis/Threat: Analysis of Malaysia National Security Council (NSC) Involvement Through the Perceptions of Government, Private and People Based on the 3P Model

A study on factors influencing the spatial oppressiveness in small courtyard spaces within university residential areas

ABSTRACT A number of obstacles in terms of the growing demand for residential spaces for students in China's education industry. Changing urban development patterns often lead to densely populated, unpleasant university residential neighborhood, posing threats to the well-being of university personnel. This study addresses the limitations of past research, focusing on a real campus's enclosed high-rise student apartment courtyard. Using three key design variables (courtyard area, building height and ground-level interface transparency), 27 sample scenarios were developed for psychological experiments. The findings indicate that while visual scene complexity has minimal impact on oppression to confined environments, building exposure and sky visibility do. People's perception of openness is determined by building exposure, sky visibility, and visual complexity. Higher visual complexity and greater sky visibility enhance the sense of openness. Satisfaction is primarily influenced by sky visibility. The study also conducts a multiple linear regression of spatial and psychological indicators and discusses the tolerance threshold for spatial oppressiveness and the spatial oppressiveness under various spatial types of samples.

Wacana Kelompok Agama Marginal Eks Syiah Sampang dalam Media Lokal Madura

This article examines local cyber media coverage in Madura about the ex-Shiite group in Sampang. Although Indonesia guarantees freedom of religion, religion-based conflicts still occur, especially the marginalization of minority groups. Through the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach, this research explores how the media discourses on the ex-Sampang Shia and shapes people's perceptions. The research highlights that the media not only reflects, but also shapes social structures through language and narrative choices. The results show the power of majoritarianism ideology and the role of the media in perpetuating social conflict. The research emphasizes the need for independent and ethical media in promoting dialogue, tolerance and social inclusion.

Household preparedness for multi-natural hazards in coastal communities

Natural hazards have generated significant human and economic losses throughout history. This issue concerns the Pacific Ring of Fire (PRF) coastal cities. Chile is located on the PRF and is one of the countries with the highest seismic activity in the world. Consequently, this has resulted in a high seismic culture among the inhabitants but less knowledge and awareness of other threats, such as hydrometeorological events. Therefore, this study assessed household preparedness for multiple natural hazards in two coastal cities in Chile.To achieve this goal, we used the results of a survey conducted on a statistically representative sample of two of the main coastal cities in Chile: Valparaíso (n = 548) and Concepción (n = 585). The survey assessed household preparedness, participation in preparedness activities, and sociodemographic variables.The results showed that regardless of the study area, people perceive they are more prepared for earthquakes/tsunamis than fires and floods. Inhabitants from both cities rarely participate in preparedness activities, evidencing the importance of encouraging community members to become involved in activities to learn skills and strategies to cope with multiple hazards. Finally, the results show significant differences in preparedness based on sociodemographic characteristics; middle-aged adults declare participating more in disaster-related activities and being more prepared at home against earthquakes, tsunamis, and fires. The implications of these findings to prepare communities are discussed.

Epistemic injustice and unwellness in the classroom: Creating knowledge like we matter

In this essay, I reflect on my experience teaching graduate classes on social justice in Yerevan. Here, an important part of the experience of injustice is epistemic. By this, I mean that students’ discourses of injustice often centre around their perception of other peoples’ lack of and/or refusal of their knowledge and consequent misrepresentation of current – and past – events. This form of epistemic injustice is layered upon experiences of war, loss, and dislocation which drive many students to take up graduate studies in social justice. In response, I consider the nature of the unwellness created by the intertwining of this experience and the epistemic injustice perpetuated around and about it. I discuss troubles in the reception and misuse of context. Subsequently, I think about how we can challenge this unwellness through how we create knowledge as a learning community. Rather than producing rules, I propose touchstones which might guide us to create knowledge as though our ‘ we’ – in community of difference – matters, and as though we, in fact, matter.

Experiences and Views of Young People and Health Care Professionals of Using Social Media to Self-Manage Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Studies.

Social media have shown the potential to support type 1 diabetes self-management by providing informational, emotional, and peer-to-peer support. However, the perceptions of young people and health care professionals' (HCPs) toward the use of social media for type 1 diabetes self-management have not been systematically reviewed. The aim of this study is to explore and summarize the experiences and views of young people with type 1 diabetes and their HCPs on using social media for self-management across qualitative findings. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL from 2012 to 2023 using Medical Subject Heading terms and text words related to type 1 diabetes and social media. We screened and selected the studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. We quality appraised and characterized the included studies and conducted a thematic synthesis. We included 11 studies in our synthesis. A total of 9 of them were qualitative and 2 were mixed methods studies. Ten focused on young people with type 1 diabetes and 1 on HCPs. All used content analysis and were of moderate to high quality. Thirteen descriptive themes were yielded by our thematic synthesis, contributing to five analytic themes: (1) differences in how young people interact with social media, (2) characteristics of social media platforms that influence their use and uptake for type 1 diabetes self-management, (3) social media as a source of information, (4) impact on young people's coping and emotional well-being, and (5) impact on support from and relationships with HCPs and services. The synthesis suggests that we should consider leveraging social media's peer support capabilities to augment the traditional services for young people with type 1 diabetes. However, the patients may have privacy concerns about HCPs' involvement in their online activities. This warrants an update of existing guidelines to help young people use social media safely for self-managing their diabetes.

Ethnic diversity and divergent perceptions of climate change: a case study in Southwest China

Understanding divergent perceptions of ethnic groups to climate change in mountainous regions home to multi-ethnic cultures and the factors influencing these perceptions is crucial for policymakers to predict the trending impacts of climate change and make long-term decisions. Based on the case of Southwest China, 1216 households were interviewed by questionnaire surveys to gain insight into the perceptions of local people on the dynamic evolution characteristics of climate events in the uplands of Yunnan, China, which is an area home to rich ethnic diversity, and also to determine the factors that influence these perceptions. Results indicated that climate events have now become important events for farmers’ livelihoods, ranking only after family diseases and livestock diseases. Drought, long-term drought, and erratic rainfall are the three kinds of climatic events with the most significant increase in frequency and severity in mountainous areas. Farmers’ perceptions on whether drought, long-term drought, and erratic rainfall occurred 10 years ago as well as changes in frequency and severity are significantly influenced by characteristics of respondents, ethnic culture, geographical environment of farmer residences, farmland characteristics, and sources of livelihood. Ultimately, taking ethnic differences into consideration for long-term planning will be an important part of the local response to climate change in the future.

Using the "Pence Rule" as a Sexual Harassment Prevention Tool: The Unintended Consequences on Gender Equality

With the resurgence of the #MeToo movement, the Pence Rule has been used by men to prevent sexual harassment liability. Regardless of the intention of using this rule, it could damage the climate of inclusion and women's career equality. We integrate gender equality and inclusion research and social dominance theory to understand people's perceptions and potential consequences of using the Pence Rule. We use a grounded theory approach to identify the perceptual similarities and differences across the timeline of #MeToo. We theorize potential antecedents and outcomes of using the Pence Rule by examining comments from three major U.S. news articles related to the issue. We identify seven categories, including the legal aspects, men and women's character, view of gender equality, political leadership, the cultural aspects (religion and history), behavioral outcomes, and effects on gender equality. The first five are theorized as potential antecedents, and the last two are identified as potential outcomes. All three articles' comments show similarities regarding support for using the Pence Rule from the legal aspects and related to behavioral outcomes, contrasted by criticism of the Pence Rule as it relates to and impacts gender equality.

Visibility Assessment of a Historical School Building through Isovists and Visibility Graph Analysis

City image includes people's perceptions of the built and natural environments as well as the emotions and ideas the city arouses in them. In the city image, the preservation of the buildings, especially historical buildings, which carry the past cultures, meaning and structural features of the city to the present day, can be ensured by making these buildings visible and perceptible by the inhabitants. Historical buildings' visibility can facilitate the recognition and appreciation of their historical significance, thereby contributing to the preservation of the city's cultural heritage. This study aims to analyse the visibility of a historical building that holds a significant place in the urban memory and to suggest recommendations for enhancing its visibility. In this context, the viewpoints used to examine the İskenderun Beş Temmuz Primary School Historical Building’s visibility were specified by space syntax visibility graph analysis (VGA). Subsequently, the building's visibility in three different historical periods was determined by the isovists technique, utilizing these viewpoints. Based on the same viewpoints, an observational field study and a survey applied to 47 people were conducted. Consequently, it was identified that the historical building could not be sufficiently seen due to the presence of surrounding service structures, perimeter walls, and high buildings. Furthermore, this study proposed the removal of additional structures that negatively affect historical building's visibility. Additionally, a design approach was developed for new buildings and landscaping to enhance the historical building's visibility, and the efficacy of the proposed design was evaluated through isovists and VGA analyses.

Komunikasi Perempuan dalam Dakwah (Menciptakan Ruang untuk Representasi dan Kepemimpinan)

This study explores the leadership role of women in da'wah with a focus on representation and transformational leadership. This study uses desk research methods to analyse relevant literature, with the aim of understanding how the representation of women in various forms of da'wah communication-such as lectures, writings, and social media-can influence people's perceptions of women's leadership capabilities. The research findings show that strong and positive representations of women in da'wah can change people's perceptions and open up opportunities for women to take on leadership roles. Key challenges faced in creating space for women's representation and leadership include persisting patriarchal norms, resistance from conservative parties, and limited access and resources. This analysis highlights that women's transformational leadership, characterised by a clear vision, attention to the individual, intellectual stimulation, and idealised influence, has great potential to bring about positive change in religious communities. The impact of this transformational leadership includes changing gender perceptions and stereotypes, increasing community participation, empowering individuals, and enhancing innovation and creativity. By addressing these challenges and supporting women's transformational leadership, religious communities can become more inclusive, just and dynamic. This research confirms the importance of strong representation and support for women in da'wah leadership to achieve significant social and cultural change.

Perception of people with visual impairment on the sensory agritourismexperience at Integral farm

El presente estudio se realiza como parte de los resultados obtenidos en el proyecto de investigación I+D+I “Agroturismo sensorial en la granja integral UTB” y del proyecto de vinculación “Disfrutando el turismo con los ojos del alma". Esta investigación indaga la percepción de la experiencia turística del visitante con discapacidad visual a través de la satisfacción al recibir la guianza turística inclusiva con actividades agroturísticas sensoriales en la granja integral UTB. La metodología planteada de tipo exploratoria con enfoque cuantitativo, la técnica empleada para la obtención de datos fue la encuesta, la técnica de muestreo escogida fue la de muestreo por bola de nieve. En total participaron 12 personas con diferentes grados de discapacidad visual. Entre los resultados más destacados se menciona que el 92% de participantes opinaron positivamente sobre el contenido descriptivo del instrumento de guianza accesible, que el 75% calificaron negativamente los senderos recorridos en la visita turística en la granja integral autosustentable, sin embargo, cabe resaltar que los participantes también mencionaron que las barreras fueron superadas gracias al acompañamiento personalizado de los guías turísticos del lugar, el 83% valoraron a los guías positivamente. Como parte de las conclusiones se cotejó que el guion descriptivo turístico y las actividades sensoriales diseñadas son elementos cruciales para crear una conexión emocional y fomentar la participación en todas las actividades recreativas, además esta investigación revela que las actividades multisensoriales son necesarias al momento de diseñar la experiencia turística integral para los visitantes pues permite conectarse con la atmosfera creada en el itinerario independientemente de la diversidad funcional que la persona posea.

Türk Yetişkinler İçin Öznel Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

As defined by the World Health Organization, quality of life is a concept that is associated with the individual's personal perception in the context of the culture, value systems, and life experiences in which they live. Therefore, quality of life measurement requires a multifaceted process consisting of both objective and subjective dimensions. However, the fact that quality of life is based on subjective perceptions leads to the lack of a standardized measurement tool and a lack of consensus in the measurement of quality of life. This research is based on the assumption that subjective perceptions are the main determinant in the evaluation of quality of life. In this context, the aim of the study is to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool that can measure non-economic quality of life elements based on people's subjective perceptions. The study group consisted of 742 adults aged 18 and over, including Kırıkkale High Specialization Hospital staff and Ankara Yenimahalle Municipality employees. As a result of the analyses, a structure consisting of five sub-dimensions and 17 items that can be considered a valid and reliable measurement tool for measuring subjective quality of life was obtained. This study emphasizes the subjective dimension of the concept of quality of life and focuses on individuals' evaluation of quality of life based on their own experiences and perceptions. The obtained measurement tool can be used in further research in the field of quality of life and can contribute to the literature in this field. It can also be an important source of information for the planning and implementation of health policies and services. Keywords: World Health Organization, subjective quality of life, Kırıkkale Yüksek İhtisas Hospital, Ankara Yenimahalle Municipality

Climate change and healthy ageing: An assessment of the impact of climate hazards on older people.

Climate change not only directly impacts older people's longevity but also healthy ageing, which is the process of maintaining physical and mental capacities while optimising functional abilities. The urgency to address both population ageing and climate change necessitates a rethink and assessment of the impact of climate change on older people. This includes identifying what can be done to anticipate, mitigate and adapt to climate change and engage older persons. A review of climate change and healthy ageing forms the basis of evidence in this report. We developed a comprehensive search to assess current literature, combining terms related to ageing and climate change across four major data sets and assessing articles published up to the end of 2021. We summarised the current and future impact of climate change on older people and developed a framework identifying climate change impacts on older persons, recognising social and environmental determinants of healthy ageing. Major hazards and some key exposure pathways include extreme temperatures, wildfire, drought, flooding, storm and sea level rise, air quality, climate-sensitive infectious diseases, food and water insecurities, health and social care system displacement, migration, and relocation. Strategies to address climate change require interventions to improve systems and infrastructure to reduce vulnerability and increase resilience. As a heterogeneous group, older people's perceptions of climate change should be integrated into climate activism. Increasing climate change literacy among older people and enabling them to promote intergenerational dialogue will drive the development and implementation of equitable solutions. Pathways may operate via direct or indirect exposures, requiring longitudinal studies that enable assessment of exposures and outcomes at multiple time points, and analyses of cumulative impacts of hazards across the life course. The lack of systematic reviews and primary research on the impact of most climate hazards, except for heat, on older people is apparent. Future research should include outcomes beyond mortality and morbidity and assess how older people interact with their environment by focusing on their capacities and optimising abilities for being and doing what they value.

The Hidden Effects of Social Media on Thoughts and Actions

Nowadays, social media is being widely used, which brings individuals the convenience of obtaining information, but at the same time, its disadvantages are also apparent. It can be said that the characteristics and functions of social media are a double-edged sword; it has a significant impact on individuals because it will subconsciously change peoples identity from active seekers of information to passive consumers. Therefore, this paper will focus on how social media decreases individuals willingness and initiative to receive information and how social media uses algorithms and big data to influence peoples perceptions and actions. For example, silently, social media algorithms create a filtering bubble so that individuals can only see posts that are similar to their viewpoints; and how social media platforms establish business profit models that change individuals traditional consumption patterns and the functioning of related business markets. As social media continues infiltrating personal lives, the authors conclude that people will lose their online identity and become more passive.

Perswazyjny charakter reklamy społecznej na przykładzie wybranych kampanii społecznych na rzecz osób z Zespołem Downa

The aim of the work is to show the role of social campaigns in the perception of people with Down syndrome. The article increases the cognitive value in the area of theoretical analysis of social advertising as a communication tool and systematizes knowledge about Down syndrome as a disease entity, stereotypes functioning in society and pro-social associations. In addition to the theoretical part, the publication contains an empirical part, which presents the results of the analysis of social campaigns that create a positive image of people with Down syndrome who are most popular on the Internet.

Barriers to pregnancy prevention for adolescents in rural Haiti: perceptions of healthcare providers.

Little is known about healthcare providers' (HCPs) contraceptive views for adolescents in Haiti, who experience high rates of unintended pregnancy. We sought to describe HCPs' perspectives on barriers and facilitators to contraceptive care delivery in rural Haiti. We conducted a cross-sectional survey and qualitative interviews with HCPs in two rural communities in Haiti from 08/2021-03/2022. We assessed demographics, clinical practice behaviors and explored contraception perspectives according to Theory of Planned Behavior constructs: attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control (e.g., people's perceptions of their ability to perform a given behavior, barriers and facilitators of a behavior).15-17 We used descriptive statistics to report proportions and responses to Likert scale and multiple-choice questions. Guided by content analysis, we analyzed interview transcripts through thematic inductive coding and team debriefing. Among 58 respondents, 90% (n = 52) were female and 53% (n = 31) were nurses. Most reported always (n = 16, 28%) or very often (n = 21, 36%) obtaining a sexual history for adolescents. A majority agreed/strongly agreed that clinicians should discuss pregnancy prevention (n = 45, 78%), high-risk sexual behaviors (n = 40, 69%), and should prescribe contraception (n = 41, 71%) to adolescents. The most frequently cited provider-level barriers (i.e., significant or somewhat of a barrier) included insufficient contraception knowledge (n = 44, 77%) and time (n = 37, 64%). HCPs were concerned about barriers at the patient-level (e.g. adolescents' fear of parental notification [n = 37, 64%], adolescents will give inaccurate information about sexual behaviors [n = 25, 43%]) and system-level (e.g. resistance to providing care from administration [n = 33, 57%]). In interviews (n = 17), HCPs generally supported contraception care for adolescents. Many HCPs echoed our quantitative findings on concerns about privacy and confidentiality. HCPs reported concerns about lack of contraception education leading to misconceptions, and community and parental judgement. HCPs expressed interest in further contraception training and resources and noted the importance of providing youth-friendly contraceptive care. While HCPs support contraceptive care, we identified actionable barriers to improve care for adolescents in rural Haiti. Future efforts should include increasing HCP knowledge and training, community and parent coalition building to increase contraception support and offering youth-friendly contraceptive care to offset risk for related adverse health outcomes in adolescents in rural Haiti.

Commemorating Stolen Generation experiences through virtual reality

State sanctioned removal of Australian Aboriginal children from family, culture, and country has had harmful and traumatic effects on the Survivors of this process and their children. Known as the Stolen Generations, children were detained in government settlements and church missions and stripped of Aboriginality. This article explores ways that a virtual reality reconstruction of mission environments may be implemented to memorialise and commemorate Survivor experience that avoid narratives of victimhood and destructive post-colonial overlays on their stories of survival. Our project is to develop a virtual reality model of Carrolup-Marribank Mission in Western Australia as a living digital memorial for use by Survivors and their families to help address their displacement and loss of culture and identity. This article shows how virtual reality may be a potent didactic tool to convey difficult histories as well as a purveyor of powerful stories that contest stereotyped perceptions of Aboriginal people.