Shift In Perception Research Articles

Barriers faced by people with disabilities in mainstream sports: a systematic review

IntroductionDespite advances in inclusive policies and social awareness, the participation of people with disabilities (PwD) in mainstream sports remains limited due to numerous barriers. This systematic review seeks to identify and critically analyse the main obstacles hindering equitable participation of PwD in conventional sports, while proposing evidence-based strategies to overcome these challenges.MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted on Web of Science and SCOPUS databases, covering studies published between 2000 and 2024. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 17 studies were selected for analysis.ResultsThe findings highlight major barriers, including insufficient training for coaches and sports club managers, negative and discriminatory attitudes, an entrenched ableist mindset, limited access to information, and a lack of accessible facilities. These factors collectively impede the active participation of PwD in sports.DiscussionTo overcome these challenges, a coordinated approach is essential, encompassing attitude transformation, targeted training for sports personnel, the implementation of inclusive policies, economic incentives, and enhanced communication strategies. Additional recommendations include integrating universal design principles into sports facilities, establishing support networks and fostering a cultural shift in societal perceptions of disability. Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO (CRD42024544589).

The Economic Shock in Arab and African American Female Fiction: A Socio-Economic Reading of the Mother-Daughter Relationship

The study explores the economic difficulties encountered by Arab American and African American mothers, as well as the adverse conditions they endure due to their economic and social circumstances, which are manifested in four selected novels. This study seeks to clarify the reasons behind these difficulties and their impacts on family relations, particularly between mothers and daughters. The introduction of new economic regulations, unfamiliar to the mothers, constitutes a significant shock, profoundly affecting their understanding of their daughters' attitudes and choices. This shift in perception often results in conflicts that strain and, in some cases, sever the bonds between mothers and daughters, as well as between daughters and their broader family networks. To achieve the research purpose, the study uses Mark Fisher's concept of "capitalist realism" to analyze Suzan Darraj's The Inheritance of Exile (2007), Randa Jarrar's A Map of Home (2008), Toni Morrison's A Mercy (2008), and Alice Walker's Possessing the Secret of Joy (1992). The concept elucidates how the new economic regulations, which mothers have not previously encountered in their homelands, impact their exploitation by landlords and the patriarchal system. In conclusion, the study reveals that harsh economic conditions break connections between African American mothers and their daughters, while changes in economic institutions lead to misunderstandings between Arab American mothers and their daughters, resulting in family crises that negatively affect and lead to the breakdown of the mother-daughter relationship.

TPACK 발달 단계를 고려한 강의를 통해 나타난 초·중등 예비 교사의 테크놀로지 활용 수업에 관한 인식

Objectives This study examined the perceptions of 10 pre-service teachers from a teacher training university lo cated in a mid-sized city regarding technology-integrated instruction after participating in lectures designed based on the TPACK developmental stages. Methods To achieve this, a 15-week lecture program was developed based on prior research, considering the TPACK developmental stages. Subsequently, data were collected from pre-service teachers, including their tech nology-integrated lesson objectives, group lesson rehearsal observation reports, and reports on the development of their technology integration competencies. The pre-service teachers’ lesson objectives for technology-in tegrated instruction were rephrased and categorized into two main themes, and their perceptions of technology were analyzed. Additionally, changes in their preconceptions and perspectives on technology-integrated instruction were examined using the group lesson rehearsal observation reports and the competency development reports. Results The analysis of pre-service teachers’ objectives for technology-integrated instruction revealed two dis tinct groups. One group responded with a desire “to develop the ability to create teaching and learning materials using technology (TCK),” while the other expressed a goal “to gain the ability to conduct effective lessons using technology (TPK).” Pre-service teachers in the TCK group demonstrated positive and progressive perceptions of technology-integrated instruction. In contrast, those in the TPK group exhibited negative or reflective perceptions. Additionally, pre-service teachers initially faced challenges in conducting technology-integrated instruction on topics related to the humanities and social sciences. However, throughout the lecture program in this study, they experienced a shift in perception, overcoming these difficulties. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that pre-service teachers who aimed to develop TCK competencies rather than TPK competencies through the lecture program based on TPACK developmental stages held more positive perceptions of technology-integrated instruction. Additionally, their perceptions of conducting technol ogy-integrated lessons on humanities and social science topics showed notable improvement. Based on these findings, it is necessary to enhance pre-service teacher education programs to better support the development of competencies required for effective technology-integrated instruction.

Assamese perspectives on England in colonial travel writing: navigating utopian visions and critical reflections

ABSTRACT This paper examines Assamese perspectives on England during the colonial era through an analysis of Assamese travel writings. It begins with Assam's integration into British colonial rule in 1826 and investigates the interplay between colonial modernity, colonial narratives, and the responses of the Assamese intelligentsia. The study traces the intellectual progression from an initial, uncritical admiration for British civilisation to a more critical and nuanced evaluation of England. By examining Assamese travelogues, it highlights significant shifts in perceptions of the West over time. By the early twentieth century, a nationalist discourse had emerged, challenging colonial narratives and reshaping Assamese views of England. The paper concludes by emphasising the pivotal role of Assamese travelogues in offering unique insights into the region's evolving perceptions of the West and the transformative dynamics of this historical period.

I See the Problem, Why Don’t You? Examining Problem Irrecognition through the Context of COVID-19

ABSTRACT This study advances theorizing on publics and their perceptions by examining factors contributing to low or lack of problem recognition. Using COVID-19 as the research context, findings from 40 in-depth qualitative interviews revealed nuanced perceptions of COVID-19 as a nonproblem, manifested as four clusters: outright denial, normalizing the abnormal, trade-offs among life problems, and prioritization of competing values. Shifts in perceptions of the experienced and expected states, intertwined with cultural factors and the holistic nature of problem situations, shaped individuals’ views. This study enhances understanding of the complex pathways to problem irrecognition and suggests targeted strategies for enhancing problem recognition in polarized issues.

Continuity Amid Commercial Buildings in Yeonnam-dong, Seoul

This study tracks changes in commercial buildings in Yeonnam-dong that have undergone commercial transformation, examining these shifts within the context of urban organization and their relationships with economic and socio-cultural flows. It also analyzes the architectural elements that reflect the placeness characteristics of an area. On-site surveys were conducted to assess the continuity and discontinuity in the characteristics of 62 renovated and 40 newly constructed buildings. Additionally, shifts in social perceptions regarding physical changes were explored through an analysis of commercial districts and interviews with visitors, store owners, and architects. Yeonnam-dong has a distinct physical environment, as well as economic, social, and cultural characteristics that distinguish it from mainstream areas, such as large apartment complexes and typical commercial zones. The area, with its winding alleyways from the pre-modern period and low-rise housing—marginalized from large-scale development—evoked nostalgia and created a distinctive sense of authenticity or placeness, which was further enhanced by the presence of exotic restaurants, cafés, ateliers, and creative activities of early gentrifiers. However, rapid commercialization has led to the displacement of these early gentrifiers, an influx of new investments and construction, and shifts in commercial flows. Consequently, the area’s authenticity has become diluted, and visitors’ perceptions of it have changed. Despite this, architectural elements observed in renovated buildings are preserved and incorporated into newly constructed ones. Features such as semi-basements, exterior straight stairs, and brick façades continue to reflect the locality. Detached and multi-household homes from the 1960s to the 1990s have evolved into a new hybrid commercial–residential form designed for commercial purposes. This is a response to small plot sizes in Korean residential areas and reflects the current economic and cultural demands of commercial gentrification. The urban and architectural characteristics of this area are not only a unique physical environment but also hold socio-cultural significance as ordinary heritage. Therefore, this study proposes institutional measures to preserve urban and architectural continuity while controlling the ongoing commercialization.

N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor hypofunction causes recurrent and transient failures of perceptual inference.

Perception integrates external sensory signals with internal predictions that reflect prior knowledge about the world. Previous research suggests that this integration is governed by slow alternations between an external mode, driven by sensory signals, and an internal mode, shaped by prior knowledge. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over experiment in healthy human participants, we investigated the effects of the N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist S-ketamine on the balance between external and internal modes. We found that S-ketamine causes a shift of perception toward the external mode. A case-control study revealed that individuals with paranoid Scz, a disorder repeatedly associated with NMDAR hypofunction, spend more time in the external mode. This NMDAR-dependent increase in the external mode suggests that the symptoms of schizophrenia are caused by recurring dissociations of perception from prior knowledge about the world.

Through Their Eyes: Defining 'good life' in dementia for health economics and outcomes research.

Despite progress in involving people living with dementia in health research, disparities remain, particularly in the field of health economics and outcomes research, where excessive reliance on proxy reports from care partners or healthcare professionals persists even when people are capable of self-reporting, leading to inequitable inclusion. This study aimed to understand the concept of a 'good life' from the perspectives of people living with dementia and examine how well current preference-based outcome measures used in health economics and outcomes research capture these perspectives. Twenty-three community-dwelling people with mild to moderate dementia in Ireland participated in in-depth interviews (September 2022-February 2023). Data were analysed using an adapted Colaizzi's seven-step phenomenological method, followed by mapping identified themes against ten commonly used preference-based outcome measures in dementia research. Results show that participants perceive a 'good life' through independence, social connections, engagement with life, adaptation to changing abilities. As dementia progresses, perceptions shift from striving for independence and active life engagement to accepting assistance and increased social support. This transition reflects a journey of adaptation, where participants redefine their sense of a 'good life' with evolving challenges and capabilities. The mapping analysis reveal that current preference-based outcome measures vary considerably in their coverage of these themes (33-83%), with none fully capturing the dynamic and evolving nature of a 'good life' as described by participants. These findings expose disparities between lived experiences and current measurement frameworks in health economics and outcomes research in dementia, calling for developing flexible and adaptive approaches to quality of life assessment in progressive conditions-approaches that not only reflect quality of life as defined by those living with the condition but also accommodate its dynamic and evolving nature throughout individual disease trajectories.

Analysis of faculty readiness for online teaching: assessing impact and adaptability in diverse educational contexts

In recent years, educators have encountered significant shifts in teaching methodologies driven by rapid technological advancements and evolving demands in higher education. This transition has prompted adaptations in teaching practices and digital approaches, resulting in a broader paradigm shift across institutions. This study explores faculty perceptions and attitudes toward emerging pedagogies, focusing on their preparedness for digital and hybrid learning environments and the dynamics of teacher-student collaborative learning in these contexts. The research examines how faculty readiness can enhance adaptation to modern educational demands beyond any specific event or period. Utilising the FROCT scale—measuring readiness through comfort with risk, identity disruption, teaching norms, and equity and tenure norms—this research, conducted among Spanish university teachers, that highlight significant shifts in readiness perceptions after 2 years of compulsory online education. Furthermore, the study identifies gender and age disparities in teachers’ perceptions of online education readiness. These findings contributing to a better understanding of teacher preparation and performance in the post-pandemic educational landscape, specifically in online and blended education, where cognitive, metacognitive, and emotional dimensions play integral roles in fostering socialisation online and collaborative learning between educators and students.

Deconstruction of farm machine-related safety interventions: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Agricultural workplaces have a high number of incidents and fatalities, with the majority occurring from machinery use. Farmers' behaviour plays a critical role in maintaining safety, as improper or unsafe practices often lead to injuries and fatalities. This review categorises interventions targeting farm machine safety, examining both the behaviour change techniques (BCTs) used and their reported outcomes to understand how the techniques influence safety practices and outcomes on farms. The systematic review is reported in accordance with the Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines. Seven electronic databases were searched for relevant studies published before June 2024, and the quality of included studies was assessed using Cochrane risk of bias assessment tools. Analysis of intervention behavioural components was guided by the behaviour change wheel framework and BCT taxonomy (v1). The findings were synthesised using a narrative review. Nine studies were included and a total of 21 BCTs were identified. The most frequently coded BCTs were 4.1 (instruction on how to perform the behaviour), 10.8 (incentive [outcome]), and 16.3 (vicarious consequences) (each n = 6). Reported outcomes included reductions in injury rates, improved adoption of safety devices, implementation of safety measures, and positive shifts in safety norms and perceptions. However, due to variations in intervention design and reporting, assessing the direct impact of specific BCTs on these outcomes proved challenging. The use of BCT taxonomy provided a common language for describing intervention components and enabled the standardisation of intervention content analysis. While patterns were observed regarding the commonly used BCTs, their implementation and outcomes, the heterogeneity and limited details provided by studies limited our ability to discern their effectiveness. Providing (i) greater transparency in reporting active intervention components and (ii) clearer connections between components and specific outcomes, will enable enhanced comparisons of future studies, and facilitate a greater understanding of how to support safe machine-related behaviours on farms.

Pergeseran Konsepsi Kuburan Pada Masyarakat Hindu Bali: Antara Tantra, Calon Arang, dan Wacana Populer

The charnel ground (sĕma/setra) is one of the locations regarded as sacred by the Balinese Hindu community, serving as a center for various religious rituals, ranging from Pitra Yadnya to less common rites such as Ngĕreh. This sacredness is illustrated in the Calon Arang performance, where the charnel ground is featured as one of the key spaces, in addition to being a significant element in the Calon Arang text. On the other hand, various media, from films to information found on the internet, often depict charnel grounds in a negative context. Observing these two contrasting portrayals, this research is aimed at investigating the differences in perception regarding the meaning of charnel grounds from the two aforementioned perspectives, focusing on the discourses surrounding charnel grounds in Calon Arang (both in the text and in performance contexts) and comparing them with narratives disseminated through popular media, while analyzing these through the lens of Balinese Hindu theology rooted in Tantric teachings. The research method employed is a semiotic approach with a descriptive qualitative framework. The findings reveal that contemporary Balinese Hindus tend to hold a negative image of charnel grounds, which is inconsistent with the theological teachings of Hinduism. This shift in perception is largely influenced by widespread information from various popular media, such as social media and the internet, which often portray charnel grounds negatively. As a result, there is a dissonance between the values taught in the Śāstra and the general public's views. Understanding this shift becomes crucial in preserving the theological values of Hinduism amid the flow of digital information. Hence, this study highlights the urgency of awareness regarding this perceptual change and the need for concrete actions to uphold the integrity of religion and culture in Bali.

Efficacy of different intraarticular injection materials in the arthrocentesis of arthrogenic temporomandibular disorders: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Arthrogenic temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) that do not respond to conservative treatment necessitate the use of semi-conservative methods, such as arthrocentesis. However, the ranking of intraarticular devices used in arthrocentesis remains controversial. Therefore, a network meta-analysis and systematic review were conducted to compare the different materials used for arthrocentesis. Databases of Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched systematically to retrieve randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English comparing the efficacy of different intraarticular materials used for arthrocentesis. The mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for maximum mouth opening (MMO) and pain perception using Bayesian network meta-analysis. Among the 7674 studies retrieved, 13 RCTs were included in the quantitative synthesis. Evaluation of the short-term follow-up (1-3 months) outcomes revealed that saline-platelet-rich plasma (saline-PRP) and saline-steroid yielded the greatest improvement in MMO, with MDs of 3.49 (CI: -4.23, 10.81) and 3.36 (CI: -4.70, 10.46), respectively. Saline-PRP exhibited improvement in terms of pain reduction (MD=-2.72 (CI: -5.80, 0.35). Evaluation of the long-term follow-up outcomes revealed that saline-PRP yielded promising results for both outcomes: MD of 1.58 (CI: -6.84, 9.92) and -2.79 (CI: -9.44, 3.60) for MMO and pain reduction, respectively. Saline-PRP injection led to a clinically noticeable shift in MMO and pain perception in the short term; in contrast, the results of saline-PRP, saline-hyaluronic acid (HA), and saline steroids were statistically insignificant. Saline-HA and saline-steroid effectively increased MMO in the long term, whereas saline-PRP yielded the most distinct reduction in pain.

Analyzing the Shifts in Perceptions of OT Security Using Text Mining

Analyzing the Shifts in Perceptions of OT Security Using Text Mining

Russian Foreign Policy Orientation Under Putin in Relation to Pakistan and Its Implications on India

This research explores the orientation of Russia's foreign policy under President Vladimir Putin, focusing specifically on its evolving relationship with Pakistan and the implications this has for India. Historically, Russia has maintained close ties with India, while Pakistan has leaned toward alliances with the United States and China. However, since the 2010s, there has been a perceptible shift in Russia-Pakistan relations, including increased defence cooperation and economic engagements, raising concerns in New Delhi. This paper examines the strategic factors driving Moscow's outreach to Pakistan, the implications for South Asian security dynamics, and how India is adjusting its foreign policy in response to these changes. The Russian Federation's foreign policy under Vladimir Putin has witnessed significant shifts in its orientation towards various global actors, particularly in South Asia. Russia's relations with Pakistan, historically marked by Cold War-era rivalries and limited engagements, have evolved considerably under Putin's leadership, raising important questions about its strategic calculations and the broader geopolitical ramifications. This paper examines the transformation in Russia-Pakistan relations under Putin, focusing on military, economic, and diplomatic interactions. It also explores how this evolving partnership affects India's strategic interests, given its historical ties with Russia and ongoing tensions with Pakistan. By analysing the underlying factors driving Russian foreign policy shifts, the paper sheds light on the complex triangular dynamics between Russia, Pakistan, and India, offering insights into the regional security architecture and future trends in South Asian geopolitics.

역량기반 교육과 과정 중심 평가의 실천과 함의

This study investigates the implementation status of competency-based education and process-focused assessment, introduced in the 2015 revised curriculum and emphasized in the 2022 revision, in Korean school settings. It aims to propose improvement measures for more effective and stable adoption. To achieve this, existing studies on the operation of the 2015 revised curriculum were reviewed, and three rounds of focus group interviews were conducted with 13 in-service teachers to collect practical cases and exemplary practices. The findings reveal that competency-based education and process-focused assessment are not yet fully aligned with their intended purposes due to practical constraints. However, they have been shown to promote shifts in teachers' perceptions and practices, thereby driving changes in school education. For effective implementation, the study suggests providing theoretical explanations and practical guidelines for the revised curriculum, developing teaching and learning tools, enhancing teachers' assessment expertise, and offering accessible resources. Additionally, introducing AI technology and administrative measures such as reducing the number of students per teacher and recruiting support staff are recommended to alleviate teachers' workload. Lastly, the study highlights the need for programs to foster understanding and cooperation from students and parents regarding competency-based education and process-focused assessment.

The Misunderstandings of Architectures: From Perceptions of Gothic Architectures to Modern Stereotypes and Social Solutions

The paper starts with the common misconceptions of Gothic architecture, particularly its association with horror and the supernatural in modern culture. Gothic architecture was originally designed to evoke reverence and spiritual awe and has been repurposed in films to create eerie and unsettling atmospheres. The paper argues that this shift in perception stems from the architectural elements of Gothic structures, such as their extensiveness and seemingly endless spaces, which can affect human perception and create a sense of unease. Additionally, the visual illusion of structural vulnerability in Gothic buildings contributes to portraying these architectures as haunted or dangerous places in media. The paper also addresses the issue of how architecture is often overestimated as a solution to social problems, using examples like Gothic churches in the Middle Ages and modern architectural designs aimed at solving issues like social segregation. Ultimately, the paper concludes that while architecture can play a significant role in shaping experiences, it should not be seen as a panacea for deeper societal issues.

Eco‐Labels and Sales Mode Selection Strategies for E‐Commerce Platform Supply Chain

ABSTRACTThe E‐commerce platform supply chain (EPSC) is maturing as a result of the platform economy's growth, and an increasing number of eco‐friendly producers are joining E‐commerce platforms to increase the sales of their eco‐friendly goods. However, without an information disclosure mechanism, customers find it challenging to completely comprehend or grasp the green information on items. Eco‐labels, as a green declaration symbol, can effectively reduce the information asymmetry between consumers and manufacturers. This paper establishes four game models for the EPSC under industry and government labels, considering the reselling and agency selling modes. The effects of consumers' green perceptions, eco‐label credibility, and R&D cost coefficient on the operation of EPSC, consumer surplus, environmental quality improvement, and social welfare were analyzed. We find that the enhancement of consumers' green perceptions and eco‐label credibility are beneficial for improving the product's greenness, increasing the profit of the E‐commerce platform, consumer surplus, environmental quality improvement, and social welfare, but it may not necessarily be beneficial for the manufacturer and the overall profitability of EPSC. Additionally, the profitability of the E‐commerce platform, consumer surplus, environmental quality improvement, and social welfare are more susceptible to shifts in consumers' green perceptions, whereas increasing the eco‐label credibility is more beneficial to the revenues of the manufacturer and EPSC. From the perspective of pursuing profits, the industry label is often chosen by the manufacturer, whereas the E‐commerce platform tends to choose the government label. Whether the optimal sales mode selection strategy of the manufacturer under the eco‐label is beneficial to the E‐commerce platform also depends on the size of unit production cost, commission rate, and consumers' green perceptions (eco‐label credibility). Moreover, EPSC benefits most from the reselling mode under the industry label, whereas consumer surplus, environmental quality, and social welfare are better served by the reselling mode under the government label. Conversely, the manufacturer is more likely to decide to resell the product under the government label when the R&D for green products is highly challenging.

The Influence of the War Between Russia and Ukraine on the Stock Price of Chinese Sugar Industry

This study focuses on the ripple effects of the Russia-Ukraine conflict on China's sugar industry stock market in 2022, with the aim of providing insightful guidance for investors and policymakers. Quantitative exploration employs regression models to deconstruct the evolving narrative of conflict and sugar company valuations, complemented by in-depth case studies and expert interviews. These narratives reveal how war subtly reshapes market volatility through concrete business stories and expert insights. Text mining techniques are used to extract unquantifiable shifts in market sentiment and perception from news reports and commentary. Cross-border comparisons are drawn, contrasting the performance of domestic sugar companies amidst the conflict with their counterparts in affected countries, highlighting both commonalities and uniqueness. The policy analysis delves into the regulatory environment of China's sugar market and how war policy-making and market response, pinpointing potential policy challenges.

Enhancing Diversity, Skills Development, and Interest in STEM Education through Ontario Tech's Engineering Outreach Programs

Ontario Tech University’s Engineering Outreach programs annually involve over 30,000 young individuals in STEM workshops and events, targeting young women and other groups historically underrepresented in STEM to encourage their pursuit of Engineering careers. This paper examines the effectiveness of these efforts and evaluates our outreach programs' impact on increasing participation and opportunities for youth underrepresented in STEM fields. While long-term outcomes like career influence are challenging to measure, our initial findings indicate a heightened interest and improved access for underrepresented groups in STEM education. These early outcomes suggest a considerable shift in perceptions regarding Engineering as an appealing and viable career path for underserved populations, reinforcing our belief in the substantial positive influence of our outreach programming and initiatives. The culmination of these findings provides compelling evidence to support the notion that Engineering Outreach effectively shapes positive perceptions and fosters interest in STEM education, particularly among demographics traditionally underrepresented in STEM fields.

Engineering Inclusivity by Design: Co-Designing an Inclusive Innovation Workshop

In North American universities, engineering faculties often exhibit unequal representation, with inclusivity in the curriculum hindered by aspects like elitism and technical social dualism. This project aimed to foster a more inclusive engineering culture by co-designing a workshop with students at McMaster University to appreciate diverse identities and incorporate equity principles into their work. The "Inclusive Innovation Design Challenge" workshop, attended by 55 students, introduced concepts of self-identity and positionality, followed by a human-centred design sprint based on equity-based co-design principles. Participants developed personas and brainstormed solutions to design challenges, enhancing awareness of the value of diverse perspectives. The outcome was overwhelmingly positive; feedback from a post-workshop survey indicated a shift in participants' perceptions towards their identities and the inclusion of diverse perspectives in design. Ongoing research will evaluate the workshop's impact on integrating these insights into coursework and enhancing the sense of belonging in engineering programs.