Percentage Of Reinforcement Research Articles

Optimization of the Properties of Eco-Concrete Dispersedly Reinforced with Hemp and Flax Natural Fibers

Dispersed reinforcement of concrete with various types of plant fibers is currently a fairly popular area in the field of construction materials science. The relevance of this topic is determined by the fact that the issue has not been studied on a large scale in comparison with concrete reinforced with artificial fibers, and the fact that these types of concrete meet the requirements of the Sustainable Development Goals. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of using hemp fiber (HF) and flax fiber (FF) for the dispersed reinforcement of concrete, and to compare their efficiency and practical applicability in the construction industry. Before use, HF and FF were treated with a NaOH solution and stearic acid to increase their resistance to the aggressive alkaline environment of concrete. A total of 15 concrete compositions were made. The percentage of dispersed reinforcement for both types of fibers varied from 0.2% to 1.4%, with a step of 0.2%. The standard methods of mechanical testing and microscopy for investigation the properties of fresh and hardened concrete were applied. The optimum amount of HF in concrete was 0.6%, which provided an increase in compressive and flexural strength of 7.46% and 28.68%, respectively, and a decrease in water absorption of 13.58%. The optimum percentage of FF concrete reinforcement was 0.8%, which allowed an increase in compressive and flexural strength of 4.90% and 15.99%, respectively, and a decrease in water absorption of 10.23%. The results obtained during the experiment prove the possibility and effectiveness of the practical application of hemp and flax fibers in concrete composite technology.

Flexural design of alkali‐activated reinforced concrete beams: Evaluating model errors using standards for Portland concrete

AbstractThe article examines the potential of utilizing existing standard codes, although originally designed for Portland cement, in the flexural design of geopolymer (GP) concrete beams. In particular, the article collects experimental data from the literature on the cracking and ultimate moment of reinforced GP concrete beams, with and without steel fibers (SFs). The experimental moments are compared with those calculated using different standard codes for Portland cement (2nd generation EC2, ACI318, ACI363, AS3600) and GP concrete (SATS199). The purpose of this comparison is to evaluate the model error obtained with the different codes. The same procedure is applied on experimental data from RC beams made with Portland cement. To study the model error, the results obtained with different precursor materials (granulated blast furnace slag or fly ash), concrete compressive strengths, and reinforcement percentages are analyzed. The different codes have different levels of conservatism, resulting in different average model errors. However, within the same code, the average model errors for GP and Portland concretes are similar. Therefore, the existing codes can be used to calculate the cracking moment and ultimate moment of GP concrete beams. However, some uncertainty remains for the ultimate moment of over‐reinforced beams, for which the number of experimental data is still limited.

Enhancing Wear Resistance of Al6061 Composites: Insights from Microstructural and Tribological Investigations with ECAP

This work presents a comprehensive investigation into the microstructural and tribological properties of Al6061 alloy composites reinforced with E-glass fibers and soda–lime particulates, both before and after Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) processing. The study explores the intricate relationships between reinforcement materials and the aluminum matrix, shedding light on their collective impact on material behavior. Elemental composition analysis via Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) reveals crucial elements shaping the properties of these composites, highlighting the dominance of aluminum in the matrix and the contributions of silicon, calcium, sodium, and oxygen from the reinforcement materials. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Optical Microscopy (OM) demonstrate refined grain structures, improved reinforcement dispersion, and enhanced interfacial bonding post-ECAP, indicating potential for superior mechanical properties. Furthermore, wear test analysis on these composites, encompassing varying reinforcement percentages and load conditions, unveils consistent trends in wear behavior. Higher reinforcement percentages, particularly with E-glass fibers, lead to reduced specific wear rates, showcasing enhanced wear resistance. Post-ECAP results consistently exhibit lower wear rates, highlighting the positive impact of ECAP on wear resistance. Statistical analysis using Taguchi and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) techniques underscores the critical role of reinforcement percentage in wear characteristics, with optimal configurations identified for both E-glass fiber and soda–lime particulate composites. These findings offer valuable insights for designing and optimizing materials, emphasizing the importance of reinforcement levels, load, and speed in enhancing wear resistance and optimizing material performance for specific applications.

ENHANCEMENT OF ALUMINUM ALLOY (AL7075) COMPOSITE BY THE ADDITION OF CRS PARTICLE VIA STIR CASTING TECHNIQUE

In this research, we added crushed rock sand (CRS) particles to an Al7075 matrix material, and composites were fabricated through a stir-casting approach. The reinforcement percentage varies from 0% to 12% by weight in discrete increments of 3%. Physical and mechanical parameters such as hardness, ultimate tensile strength, and impact toughness and corrosion performance by the gravimetric method, as well as tribological properties such as specific wear rate and coefficient of friction (COF), were tested at both ambient temperature ([Formula: see text]C) and elevated temperature ([Formula: see text]C). The density of the developed composite samples has been substantially lowered with an intensification in wt.% of CRS particles. The mechanical parameters of the developed composite samples have been considerably enhanced with an intensification in wt.% of CRS particles. The 9[Formula: see text]wt.% CRS-reinforced samples have an outstanding incrementation percentage of 52.44% hardness, 24.85% tensile strength, and 19.90% impact toughness. Better corrosion resistance is observed for the 9[Formula: see text]wt.% sample. Similarly, the same sample shows a 28.06% increase in specific wear rate at [Formula: see text]C and a 43.35% increase at [Formula: see text]C.

Experimental research of the tensile strength of concrete reinforced with basalt fiber

Non-metallic composite fittings are increasingly used in modern construction due to their high mechanical characteristics, corrosion resistance, durability in concrete and aggressive external environments, and other properties. At the sametime, usually, non-metallic composite reinforcement is used in the form of rods with the main supporting element in the form of basalt, glass, aramid or roving made of other materials, which is thin fibers with a diameter of 7...20 mm.The specified roving, as an element of reinforcement of concrete structures, will be used in the form of fiber to a much lesser extent, although it is a real alternative to traditional steel fiber with all the advantages of fiber reinforcement, to which corrosion resistance is also added. The limited number of experimental explains the current situation andtheoretical studies of non-metallic fiber reinforcement, in particular, tensile strength, which is one of the main advantages of fiber reinforcement of concrete.This article presents the results of experimental studies of the tensile strength of concrete reinforced with fiber from basalt roving with a diameter of 16 μm and a length of 24 mm, which included bending tensile tests of three series of concrete samples with a strength class of compression, respectively, C20/25, C25/30, C30/35 and percentage of fiber reinforcement within 2.0...8%.As a result of the conducted research, it was established that the fiber reinforcement from the baseboard roving leads to an increase in the axial tensile strength of concrete. At the same time, the most intensive increase in tensile strength took place when the percentage of reinforcement was increased in the range of 2.0...4.0%. With a further increase in the percentage of reinforcement in the range of 6.0...8.0%, this growth stopped, which indicates that fiber reinforcement in the range of 2.0...4.0% is the most effective, regardless of the class of concrete in terms of compressive strength.Other things being equal, the increase in axial tensile strength of concrete with an increase in the percentage of fiber reinforcement within the limits of 2.0...8.0% is 15...20% compared to concrete without reinforcement.

Influence of nonlinearities in longitudinal bars on overstrength P–M capacity of RC columns and piers

AbstractThe actual capacity of a reinforced concrete (RC) structure is determined by the overstrength capacity of individual members. RC members can undergo six stages (namely cracking, yielding, spalling, buckling, crushing and rupturing) depending on the cross‐section geometry, reinforcement detailing, and type of loading. For members under compression and flexural actions, buckling of longitudinal bars becomes the ultimate stage in the load‐deformation curve of RC member. Hence, to assess the capacity of RC members, it is essential to have load‐deformation relation of individual bars considering nonlinear effects. This paper presents a simplified analytical procedure of nonlinear analysis to obtain the nonlinear load‐deformation curve of reinforcing bars. The proposed method uses combined geometric and material nonlinearity. The method is compared with the experimental test results from the literature and has shown a good match. Furthermore, the effect of initial imperfection and slenderness of the reinforcing bars on the overall performances have been studied and discussed. This inelastic relation of reinforcements has been used to obtain the P–M interaction diagram of the RC member, demonstrating the effect of nonlinearity in the longitudinal bars. Fiber modeling approach has been used to draw the P–M curve, considering confinement of concrete, bilinear stress–strain of steel under tension and nonlinear under compression. Implications of amount of longitudinal reinforcement, grade of steel, initial imperfection and section size on the P–M curve have been studied. Results show that the nonlinearity of the longitudinal bar can reduce the capacity of the member by 15%. The strength reduction is higher for higher percentage of reinforcements and slender bars. This indicates that the P–M interaction curve exists at three levels, and is discussed in detail in the paper. It is recommended that the effect of bar nonlinearity should be considered in the capacity assessment of RC members.

Microstructure, mechanical, and wear characteristics of heat-treated aerospace-grade aluminium composite reinforced with HEA particles

This research paper investigates the mechanical, microstructural, and wear characteristics of Al7075 composite reinforced with high entropy alloy particles. Stir casting, equipped with an ultrasonic probe, was used for the fabrication of the composite. Microstructural analysis including optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, was conducted assess the microstructure and dispersion of reinforced particles in the composite and alloy. Results indicated that hardness and tensile strength increased with higher weight percentages of reinforcement, while percentage elongation decreased. However, properties decreased with further reinforcement beyond 6 wt% in the composite. Mechanical testing revealed that heat treated composites with 6.0 wt% HEAp have maximum UTS and hardness of 287.6 MPa and 117.2 HRB, respectively. Fracture morphology analysis further provides insights into the interactions between the HEAp and the aluminium matrix, shedding light on crack initiation, propagation, and the role of HEAp in influencing the fracture mechanisms. A comprehensive examination of the worn surface was conducted using SEM and an optical profilo-meter.

Composites made of a blend of plastics recovered from bottle caps reinforced with fibers from banana rachis waste. A Circular Economy Strategy in the Canary Islands

The application of the Circular Economy can be a key answer to sustainability strategies and can reach peak importance in the outermost regions like the Canary Islands due to their limitations in the treatment of agroforestry and municipal waste. This paper explores the application of Circular Economy in the Canary Islands polymer transformation industry. The authors explore a polymer blend from plastic bottle caps recovered from the selective waste recollection that can be reinforced with banana fibers from the pseudostem and the rachis of the plants. The paper shows the potential and the competitiveness of the blends and the composite materials. The authors have found that the polymer blend can be used as a substitute for high-density polyethylene. The results show that composite materials with reinforcement percentages equal to or higher than 30 wt% offer higher mechanical properties and are more cost-effective than plastic blends. The paper shows the opportunity to create value from urban and agroforestry waste and at the same time prevent the dumping of these subproducts.

Mechanical properties and fractography of SiC and fly ash particulates reinforced Al2024 alloy aerospace metal composites

An effort has been made to study the effect of 15-micron sized fly ash and 70 microns sized SiC particles reinforced Al2024 alloy composites in the present work. By squeeze casting method the hybrid composites with constant 3 wt.% of fly ash and 5 and 7 varying wt. percentages of SiC particulates were fabricated. The hybrid composites were analyzed for Microstructure hardness and UTS. Using SEM microstructure characteristics were carried out to find the distribution of the reinforcements in the base matrix. The hardness and UTS were enhanced with the increase in percentage of reinforcements. It is found to be slight decrease in the impact strength of hybrid composites as compared to the base alloy. Various types of fracture mechanisms were analyzed in the Al2024 alloy with SiC and fly ash particulates reinforced composites using SEM.

Studies on tribological behavior of aluminum hybrid composites strengthened with MoS2 and wheat husk ash

The current study examines the dry sliding wear characteristics of a hybrid aluminum matrix composite reinforced with wheat husk ash (WHA) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), produced through the squeeze casting technique. Experiments were conducted utilizing Taguchi's L27 (3)13 orthogonal array, with input parameters including applied load (20, 30, 40 N), sliding speed (1, 2, 3 m/s), reinforcement percentage (wt. 2.5, 5% and 7.5%), while wear and friction coefficient were observed as measurable responses. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results highlighted that the reinforcement percentage had the most significant impact on the wear behavior of the hybrid composite. Notably, the (Al/5WHA/5MoS2) hybrid composite exhibited superior wear resistance (129 µm), accompanied by a 27% increase in hardness compared to the parent metal. Surface morphology analysis of worn-out specimens depicted the presence of fine grooves, delamination, and cracks.

Effect of nanoparticles reinforcement of silicon dioxide derived from prosopis juliflora on Silver-Grey magnesium nanocomposite: utilization of silicon dioxide mechanical and tribological properties

Abstract The automotive and aviation industries require lightweight materials to enhance working efficiency. Composites combine materials such as aluminium, magnesium, titanium, steel, and copper with various forms of reinforcements to offer lightweight alternatives for a range of applications. The present investigation aims to fabricate a Silver-Grey Magnesium (Mg-25%Si) alloy-based nanocomposite with silicon dioxide (SiO2) nano reinforcement at weight % of 0, 3.25, 6.5 and 9.75 utilizing the two step stir casting method. Prosopis juliflora is utilized in the production of different weight percentages of SiO2 nano reinforcements. The microhardness, tensile, wear, and impact tests are performed on the Silver-Grey Magnesium nanocomposites (Mg-25%Si/SiO2) utilizing a computerized tensometer testing machine, a Vicker’s hardness tester, a pin-on-disc tribometer, and an Izod impact, respectively. The x-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), and Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) with elemental mapping microstructure were employed to scrutinize the tensile specimen fracture, EDAX, elemental mapping microstructure, wear, CoF, and worn surface characterization and impact strength analysis. When compared to the Silver-Grey Magnesium (Mg-25%Si) base alloy, the results of the Mg-25%Si/SiO2 nanocomposites demonstrated an increase in SiO2 nano reinforcements that significantly increased microhardness, tensile strength, wear resistance, and impact strength. The corresponding values are 113.36 VHN, yield and ultimate tensile strength of 603.25 MPa and 665.84 MPa, 0.00478 mm3 m−1, CoF of 0.38421 and 400 J m−1.

Theoretical and experimental comparison between straight and curved continuous box girders

Abstract The curvature causes a variation in the deflection of the outer and inner sides. The effect of curvature was investigated by casting and testing two specimens with the same section – one straight and the other horizontally curved continuous box girder. ABAQUS software was used to numerically model the box girder in order to verify the model and investigate additional parameters. Numerical modeling is successful with less effort, cost, and time because good results are obtained. The effect of the span-to-depth ratio, the compressive strength of concrete, and the percentage of stirrup steel reinforcement was studied numerically. Increasing the height, compressive strength, and percentage of stirrup steel led to a significant increase in load capacity and stiffness. The load capacity in the curved specimen decreased by 11% compared to the straight one due to the effect of torsional moments. A mathematical model was proposed based on the theory of strut-and-tie modeling (STM), where the span was divided into several panels, the effect of torsion was added, and then the results were compared with the traditional sectional method according to ACI and CEB-FIB. For the straight specimen, the sectional ACI, CEB-FIB, and STM methods were used, which gave theoretical results less than the experimental by 31, 48 and 13%, respectively. For the curved specimen, to get closer to reality, the sectional and STM methods were modified by adding the effect of torsion, and the results were less than the experimental tests by 43, 61 and 22%, respectively.

Time-Dependent Evolution of Al-Al4C3 Composite Microstructure and Hardness during the Sintering Process.

In this study, Al-Al4C3 compounds were manufactured by mechanical milling followed by heat treatment. To analyze the microstructural evolution, the composites were sintered at 550 °C at different sintering times of 2, 4 and 6 h. The mechanical results suggest that dislocation density and crystallite size primarily contribute to hardening before the sintering process, with a minimal contribution from particle dispersion in this condition. The compound exhibited a significant 75% increase in hardness after 2 h of sintering, primarily attributed to the nucleation and growth of Al4C3 nanorods. The HRTEM analysis, combined with geometric phase analysis (GPA) at and near the Al-Al4C3 interface of the nanorods, revealed strain field distributions primarily associated with partial screw dislocations and the presence of closely spaced dislocation dipoles. These findings are consistent with the microstructural parameters determined from X-ray diffraction pattern analysis using the convolutional multiple whole profile (CMWP) method. This analysis showed that the predominant dislocation character is primarily of the screw type, with the dislocation dipoles being closely correlated. Based on these results, it is suggested that samples with a lower weight percentage of reinforcement and longer sintering times may experience reduced brittleness in Al/Al4C3 composites. Strengthening contributions were calculated using the Langford-Cohen and Taylor equations.

Enhanced random vector functional link based on artificial protozoa optimizer to predict wear characteristics of Cu-ZrO2 nanocomposites

Owing to the absence of scientific methods for predicting nanocomposites' wear rates, a freshly updated machine learning method that uses an Artificial Protozoa Optimizer (APO) to forecast the tribological performance of Cu-ZrO2 nanocomposites was proposed. The updated model was used to predict the coefficients of friction and wear rates of Cu-ZrO2 nanocomposites produced in this work. Copper-zirconia nanocomposite powders were fabricated utilizing the ball milling process, varying in milling time and ZrO2 weight percentage. The effect of reinforcement percentage and milling time on the morphology and microstructure of the copper composite powders was characterized. The study concentrated on the effects of high-energy ball milling on the morphology, microstructure, and microhardness of the resulting composites. After cold compaction at 700 MPa of pressure, the resultant powders were sintered for 2 h at 950 °C in a hydrogen atmosphere. Based on the results, a 20-h milling time is the best option for creating a Cu-ZrO2 nanocomposite with evenly distributed reinforcement. The microhardness and wear rate of the Cu-15%ZrO2 nanocomposites are improved by 66.2 %, and 81.1 %, respectively, when compared to pure copper. The crystallite size decreases significantly with the addition of ZrO2, reaching 32.5 and 11.1 nm for samples containing 5 and 15 % weight percent ZrO2. That is why there is a rise in wear and mechanical properties. For Cu-ZrO2 nanocomposites with reinforcement content up to 15 %, the model constructed using the APO method demonstrated excellent forecasting of the wear rate and coefficient of friction.

Development and wear resistivity performance of SiC and TiB2 particles reinforced novel aluminium matrix composites

The aerospace and automotive industries, in particular, rely heavily on aluminium matrix composites because of their exceptional strength-to-mass ratio and resistance to high temperatures. This study investigates the development and wear resistivity performance of Aluminium Matrix Composites (AMCs) reinforced with SiC and TiB2 particles. The experimental work involved fabricating AMCs using Aluminium Alloy 7075 as the matrix material with varying weight percentages of SiC and TiB2 reinforcements. Tribological tests were conducted under different conditions of applied load, sliding speed, and sliding distance to analyze the wear behavior of the composites. Results revealed that higher weight percentages of reinforcement led to lower wear rates, particularly at elevated sliding speeds. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of SiC and TiB2 particles in the composites. It is observed that greater applied loads caused greater wear rates, bigger grooves, and substantial frictional heat production, demonstrating a direct relationship between load weight and wear performance. The study indicated that sticky wear management lowered wear rates at longer sliding distances not abrasive wear at shorter distances. The significance of this study lies in its contribution to optimizing the composition of multi-phase reinforced AMCs for enhanced wear resistance in various industrial applications.

Effect of horizontal web reinforcement, depth, proportionated loading and bearing plates on shear strength and serviceability of reinforced concrete deep beams

In this paper, the strength, serviceability and failure modes of eleven reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams were evaluated. The small, medium and large-size specimens with heights ranging from 300 to 1250 mm and effective spans from 600 to 2500 mm were tested up to failure under the three-point bending test. The length of loading and bearing plates varied from 100 to 400 mm, and the percentage of horizontal web reinforcement varied between 0.00 % and 0.45 %. Test results revealed that distributed web reinforcement and proportionate loading and supporting plates mitigate the size effect. Further, when the percentage of horizontal shear reinforcement increased, the mode of failure changed from diagonal tension to shear compression. From the test results, it has been concluded that the optimum horizontal web reinforcement was 0.25 % for achieving the highest ultimate and service load. The strength reduction factor of maximum shear force expression of ACI 318–19 [25] code adequate even in the case of deep beams failing in shear compression mode is experimentally validated.

Experimental Analysis of Banana Fiber and Phosphogypsum in Soil Stabilization

This study investigates the potential of banana fiber as a natural reinforcement material for soil stabilization, specifically in conjunction with phosphogypsum. With construction often reliant on soils with inadequate bearing capacity and shear strength, enhancing soil properties is crucial. The research employs banana fibers extracted from the pseudo stems of banana plants, assessing their effects on soil characteristics at various reinforcement percentages (0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%). Key parameters evaluated include Unconfined Compression Strength (UCS), Maximum Dry Density (MDD), and Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) through standardized laboratory tests. The findings reveal that the inclusion of banana fibers significantly raises the OMC of the soil, indicating improved moisture retention capabilities. Notably, the OMC values for the reinforced samples increased with higher fiber content, peaking at 12.3% for Sample 1 and 13.5% for Sample 2 at 0.5% fiber. Additionally, the UCS tests demonstrated enhanced compressive strength, with the highest value recorded at 1.70 MPa for Sample 1 at 0.5% fiber content. These results suggest that banana fibers effectively improve the mechanical properties of soil, making it more suitable for construction applications. This research highlights the potential of utilizing agricultural waste, such as banana fibers, for sustainable soil stabilization practices, offering an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic materials.

Evaluation of impact toughness of glass-reinforced composite materials immersed in water

The mechanical and physical properties of glass fiber composite materials can be modified when immersed in water. This change in properties can result from internal instability of the material, interaction with the environment, mechanical stresses, or a combination of these effects. In this study fiber glass reinforced polyester resin plates have been manufactured by the contact molding method with 20% of reinforcement percentage. Prismatic specimens have been cut then notched to evaluate the impact toughness by applying the Charpy impact test. The Williams method based on the principle of linear elastic fracture mechanics was used to deduce the impact toughness of composite. These specimens have been immersed in water for 30 and 90 days to study absorption effect and diffusion on the impact behavior of this material. From the results, it is found that there is a direct correlation between water penetration in the glass-polyester composite and its impact toughness.

Enhanced morphological and thermal properties of epoxy composites reinforced with Palm and Prosopis Juliflora fibers

Abstract This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of a hybrid epoxy matrix composite reinforced with Palm and Prosopis Juliflora fibers fabricated using the hand layup technique. Three composite samples were prepared with varying weight percentages of palm and Prosopis Juliflora fiber reinforcements: 5% (Sample A), 10% (Sample B), and 15% (Sample C). Sample B having 10 weight percentage each of Palm fiber and Prosopis Juliflora fiber and 80 weight percentage of Epoxy matrix, exhibited superior performance with a tensile strength of 45.5 MPa and a hardness of 86.5 Shore D. Thermal analysis revealed Sample B’s exceptional thermal stability, with distinct decomposition stages observed through Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). Void content analysis indicated Sample C had the lowest void content at 4.5%. Energy Dispersive x-ray (EDX) Analysis confirmed homogeneous fiber distribution and strong fiber-matrix adhesion, supported by carbon and oxygen peaks. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra showed interactions between functional groups, including alcohols, carboxylic acids, and carbonyl compounds. These findings underscore the composite’s potential for high strength, toughness, and thermal stability applications.

Enhancing wear resistance, mechanical properties of composite materials through sisal and glass fiber reinforcement with epoxy resin and graphite filler

This study investigates the mechanical and wears properties of sisal and glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composites with graphite as filler material. We assessed the mechanical properties of the hand-layup-fabricated composite materials, including hardness, tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength, by ASTM standards. We also performed wear evaluations using a pin-on-disc apparatus. The results showed that the weight fractions of sisal fiber, glass fiber, graphite, and epoxy resin significantly affected the mechanical properties of the composites. In contrast to composites reinforced with individual fibers, hybrid composites exhibited enhanced mechanical properties. The optimized compositions showed improvements in tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness properties. The wear analysis revealed that a variety of factors, including the weight percentage of reinforcement, sliding velocity, load, and sliding distance, had an impact on the composites' wear resistance. The SEM images provided significant insights into the composite material's micro structural characteristics and failure mechanisms. In general, this research showcases the potential of graphite filler-reinforced sisal and glass fiber epoxy composites for use in applications that demand exceptional abrasion resistance and mechanical strength. Further refinement of the composition and processing methodologies could lead to the development of composites tailored to specific application demands.