Percentage Of Cuttings Research Articles

Influence of IBA and NAA on Rooting of Terminal Cuttings of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora L.)

The present investigation was conducted at the Agricultural College and Research Institute, Vazhavachanur, Tiruvannamalai to study the effect of Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) on the rooting of terminal cuttings of chrysanthemum. An application of growth regulators (IBA and NAA) had a positive effect on the rooting of chrysanthemum terminal cuttings. The result of the experiment revealed that the treatment of IBA @ 400ppm significantly increased rooting percentage (89%), length of roots (5.67 cm), root spread (39.18 cm), number of roots (22.67), fresh weight of roots (4.94 g), plantlet weight (1.17 g), and plant height (8.87 cm) followed by NAA @ 400 ppm (79.33%), while minimum rooting percentage (47) was observed in control. It can be concluded that the treatment of IBA @ 400ppm significantly increased rooting percentage, roots length, number of roots, plantlet weight and plant height has greater survival percentage in the terminal cuttings of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora).

WELL STRING LEAK DETECTION USING MACHINE LEARNING MODELS

Currently, the issue of correct and timely assessment of the technical condition of wells is quite acute due to the development of fields at a late stage, high water cut of the well product, as well as the aging well stock. Traditionally, geophysical surveys are used to determine the technical condition of the production string, which make it possible to determine the presence of a disturbance, as well as its interval. However, due to the heavy workload of field technicians, it is not always possible to send a geophysical batch in a timely manner to check the technical condition of the well string. This fact entails oil shortages, an increase in the percentage of water cut, a negative impact on the environment, an increase in unproductive injection, as well as a decrease in target economic indicators. It is also worth noting the high risk of "idle" travel, when it is not possible to detect the presence of violations in the production casing.As a solution to these problems, the authors proposed a new technique for assessing the technical condition of the column based on a machine learning model. Chemical analysis of the water, the age of the well, the number of repairs carried out on the well, the dynamics of well operation, as well as its structure are the main features for which well leakage is predicted. The obtained signs are processed, loaded into a machine learning model, and then a specialist is given a real-time conclusion about the presence of a well leak. As a result of the experiments, it was determined that the CatBoost model on the sample, taking into account the class balance, showed the best quality according to the F1-measure metric. The authors interpreted the obtained results of model prediction based on the effect of individual features on the probability of leakage of the production casing of the well both in the whole well stock and for each case separately. The following features have the greatest impact on the condition of the string: well age, sulfate content, specific gravity of water, as well as primary salts.This approach can significantly reduce decision-making time, increase the efficiency of detecting leaks in wells, and increase economic targets.The result of this work is a methodology for detecting leakage of the production casing, as well as an indirect method for diagnosing and predicting the degree of fatigue of the production casing and a certain share of the risk of leakage.

Effect of Aloe Vera, Wood Ash, and Indole-Butyric Acid on In-Vivo Macro Propagation of Robusta Coffee Stem Cuttings

Purpose: This study investigated the influence of Aloe Vera, Wood ash and a synthetic growth hormone Indole-butyric acid (IBA) on root and shoot in the proliferation of Coffee Wilt disease-resistant (CWD-R) Robusta coffee stem cuttings. Methodology: Stem cuttings of CWD-R Robusta coffee were treated with five levels of rooting natural substances and IBA independently and in combination. The treated cuttings were propagated in a uniform potting medium under humidity chamber conditions. Data was collected on the number of surviving cuttings, shoot and root number, and root and shoot lengths. At 90 days after planting, data on root proliferation, the number, and lengths of roots were collected and analyzed for variance (ANOVA) using GenStat 11th Edition. Findings: The survival, root, and shoot development were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by the rooting substances applied. A combination of Aloe Vera and IBA, 0.8% IBA, and Aloe Vera gel applied alone gave the highest percentages (90, 70 and 70%, respectively) of stem cuttings that survived to form roots and shoots. A mixture of aloe Vera and IBA, 0.8% IBA, and Aloe Vera gave the highest mean number of shoots and roots per cutting; that is (8.75, 8.5, and 8.5 cm) and (13.87, 12.85 and 12.39 cm) for shoots and roots respectively. Cuttings treated with wood ash and control gave the lowest mean number of shoots and roots that formed per cutting; that is (5.25 and 4.50 cm) and (11.75 and 11.38 cm) for shoots and roots respectively. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Propagation of Coffea canephora, by stem cuttings can be adequately achieved by using Aloe Vera, IBA, or their mixture, but not with wood ash.

Carcass Characteristics of Male Peking Ducks with Fermented Yeast (Saccharomyces cereviceae) Culture Pineapple Peel Feed

The male Peking duck is a type of meat duck that has great potential to be developed as a producer of carcasses and primal carcass cuts. The research was carried out with the aim of finding out the best level of addition of pineapple peel fermented yeast (Saccharomyces cereviceae) culture to the percentage of carcasses and carcass primal cuts of male Peking ducks. The material used in this research was 240 male Peking ducks with an initial weight of 343.90 ± 0.90 g. The ration used contains 16% crude protein, with a metabolic energy (ME) of 2.900 kcal/kg. The cage system used is a battery colony cage measuring 200 cm x 60 cm x 50 cm with 30 plots. Each plot contained eight male Peking ducks which were kept until 8 weeks of age. The research data were analyzed using One Way Anova based on a Completely Randomized Design with a unidirectional pattern and followed by the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) using the SPSS version 16 program. The research results showed that the treatment with the addition of 10% fermented pineapple peel in the ration (P2) could produce a male Peking duck carcass percentage of 55.52% higher than the P0 treatment (54.94%); P1 (54.11%); P3 (53.85%); P4 (53.61%) and P5 (52.07%), while in primal carcass cuts the highest percentage was found in the chest at 37.17%, followed by the back (22.67%), wings (13.96%), lower thighs (13.72%) and upper thighs (12.43%). Conclusion: The addition of yeast (Saccharomyces cereviceae) culture fermented pineapple peel at a level of 10% in the ration can produce a higher percentage of carcasses and carcass primal cuts of male Peking ducks compared to other treatments.

The impact of 3-dimensional humeral planning and standard transfer instrumentation on reconstruction of native humeral anatomy for anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty

BackgroundPreoperative three-dimensional CT-based planning for anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) has grown in popularity in the past decade with the primary focus on the glenoid. Little research has evaluated if humeral planning has any effect on the surgical execution of the humeral cut or the positioning of the prosthesis. MethodsThree surgeons performed a prospective study utilizing 3D-printed humeri printed from CTs of existing patients, which were chosen to be -3, -1, 0, 1 and 3 standard deviations of all patients in a large database. A novel 3D printing process was utilized to 3D print not only the humerus, but also all four rotator cuff tendons. For each surgical procedure, the printed humerus was mounted inside a silicon shoulder, with printed musculature and skin, and with tensions similar to human tissue requiring standard retraction and instruments to expose the humerus. Three phases of the study were designed: Phase 1: Humeral neck cuts were performed on all specimens without any preoperative humeral planning, Phase 2: 3D planning was performed, and the cuts and implant selection were repeated, Phase 3: A neck shaft angle guide and digital calipers were used to measure humeral osteotomy thickness to aid in the desired humeral cut. All humeri were digitized. The difference between the prosthetic center of rotation (COR) and ideal COR was calculated. The percentage of patients with a varus neck shaft angle (NSA) was calculated for each phase. The difference in planned and actual cut thickness was also compared. ResultsFor both 3D change in COR and medial to lateral change in COR, use of preoperative planning alone and with standard transfer instrumentation resulted in a significantly more anatomic restoration of ideal COR. The deviations from planned cut thickness decreased with each phase: Phase 1: 2.6±1.9 mm, Phase 2: 2.0±1.3 mm, Phase 3: 1.4±0.9 mm (p = 0.041 for Phase 3 vs Phase 1). For NSA, in Phase 1: 7/15 (47%) cases were in varus, in Phase 2: 5/15 (33%) were in varus and Phase 3: 1/15 (7%) were in varus (p =0.013 for Phase 3 vs Phase 1). ConclusionsUse of preoperative 3-D humeral planning for stemless anatomic TSA improved prosthetic humeral center of rotation, whether performed with or without standard transfer instrumentation. The use of a neck-shaft angle cut guide and calipers to measure cut thickness significantly reduced the percentage of varus humeral cuts and deviation from planned cut thickness.

Enhanced VOC emission with increased temperature contributes to the shift of O3-precursors relationship and optimal control strategy

Assessing the impact of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on ozone (O3) formation is vital for the management of emission reduction and pollution control. Continuous measurement of O3 and the major precursors was conducted in a typical light industrial city in the YRD region from 1 May to 25 July in 2021. Alkanes were the most abundant VOC group, contributing to 55.0% of TVOCs concentration (56.43 ± 21.10 ppb). OVOCs, aromatics, halides, alkenes, and alkynes contributed 18.7%, 9.6%, 9.3%, 5.2% and 1.9%, respectively. The observational site shifted from a typical VOC control regime to a mixed regime from May to July, which can be explained by the significant increase of ROx production, resulting in the transition of environment from NOx saturation to radical saturation with respect to O3 production. The optimal O3 control strategy should be dynamically changed depending on the transition of control regime. Under NOx saturation condition, minimizing the proportion of NOx in reduction could lead to better achievement of O3 alleviation. Under mixed control regime, the cut percentage gets the top priority for the effectiveness of O3 control. Five VOCs sources were identified: temperature dependent source (28.1%), vehicular exhausts (19.9%), petrochemical industries (7.2%), solvent & gasoline usage (32.3%) and manufacturing industries (12.6%). The increase of temperature and radiation would enhance the evaporation related VOC emissions, resulting in the increase of VOC concentration and the change of ROx circulation. Our results highlight determination of the optimal control strategies for O3 pollution in a typical YRD industrial city.

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Air Kelapa Muda Terhadap Pertumbuhan Setek Tanaman Lada (Piper nigrum L)

The aim of this research was to study the effect of young coconut water concentration on the growth of pepper plant cuttings. The research was carried out in the Legok ringgit village of Padaulun Village, Majalaya District, Bandung Regency at an altitude of 796 meters above sea level, from September to November 2020. The experiment used a Randomized Block Design (RAK), consisted of five treatments with young coconut water concentration, namely A = without young coconut water (control); B = 25% young coconut water concentration; C = 50% young coconut water concentration; D = 75% young coconut water concentration; E = 100% young coconut water concentration, and replicated five times.The experimental results showed that the concentration of young coconut water had an influence on the percentage of live cuttings, number of leaves, root length, number of roots and root volume. A concentration of 75% young coconut water had the best effect on the percentage of live cuttings, number of leaves, root length, number of roots and root volume of pepper cuttings.

Diversity of phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, and mineral element content in four fig cultivars (Ficus carica L.) and their correlation with the rooting of hardwood cuttings

We investigated the phenolic compound profile, antioxidant capacity, rooting of cutting and fruit mineral concentration on 15-year-old trees of four Iranian figs (Ficus carica cvs. “Siyah”, “Kashki”, “Shahanjir” and “Sabz”) planted under rain-fed conditions with different fruit skin color, as well as the correlation between these traits. The range of TSS and antioxidant capacity of fruit (without significant differences) was 75.3–76.7°Brix and 87.9–90.3 DPPHsc %, respectively. “Kashki” had the highest total phenolic (TP) (mg GAE/100 g dw) in both the fruit (1964) and the stem bark (1702) and “Sabz” had the lowest flavonoid content (µg CE mg−1 dw) in the fruit (652.3), leaf (1274.5), and stem bark (1501.9). Although the rooting percentage of cuttings was similar in “Siyah”, “Shahanjir”, and “Sabz”, the lowest rooting percentage (62.7%) and the lowest polyphenol oxidase enzyme (PPO) activity (42.5 U.mL−1) were in “Kashki”. Rooting of the cuttings had a direct correlation with PPO activity and catechin and a negative correlation with the TP, vanillin and trans-ferulic acid concentration in cutting bark. These results showed that the fresh cultivar such as “Shahanjir” with outstanding characteristics, such as high potassium and antioxidant content of fruits and good rooting of the cuttings (97.2%) can be recommended for the development programs of light-colored fresh figs. On the other hand, there were two cultivars, “Siyah” and “Kashki” with dark fruit color; due to their content of TP, total flavonoid, quercetin, trans-ferulic acid and high calcium content in the fruit, these should also be considered.

PENGARUH JENIS ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH ALAMI DAN LAMA PERENDAMAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN STEK TANAMAN LADA (Piper nigrum L.)

This research aims to determine the effect of the type of natural growth regulator and the length of soaking on the growth of pepper plant cuttings. The experimental design used was a factorial randomized block design consisting of 2 factors. Factor I is the influence of giving several types of natural ZPT and factor II is the length of soaking. The results of the research concluded that the type of natural growth regulator had a very significant effect on the growth percentage of pepper cuttings and shoot height, but had no significant effect on the number of shoots, number of leaves, root length and root weight. The treatment of onion extract and coconut water provided the best growth of pepper cuttings. The length of soaking had a very significant effect on the growth percentage of pepper cuttings and shoot height, but had an insignificant effect on the number of shoots, number of leaves, root length and root weight. Soaking time of 20 minutes provides the best growth of pepper cuttings. The interaction between the type of natural growth regulator and the length of soaking had a very significant effect on growth percentage and shoot height, but had no significant effect on shoot height, number of shoots, number of leaves, root length and root weight. The best interaction on the percentage of growth of pepper cuttings was the Z0L3, Z1L1, Z1L2, Z1L3, Z2L1, Z2L2 treatment, while the shoot height and age were the Z2L3 combination.

Surfactant-Polymer Composition for Selective Water Shut-Off in Production Wells.

Today, a significant part of production wells' stock has a high water cut percentage of 90% and above. Obviously, for this reason, the need to develop new and improved existing technologies for water shut-off in wells increases every year. Physico-chemical methods of water shut-off are based on the application of special reagents and compositions that plug the pathways of water inflow to the well. Depending on the mechanism and specific features of water barrier formation, isolation methods are divided into selective and non-selective. This article investigates the possibility of using hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile as a gel-forming and precipitation-forming reagent for water shut-off technologies in production wells. A surfactant-polymer composition for the isolation of water inflow in production wells in objects with high salinity in formation water, possessing physical and chemical selectivity and providing permeability reduction only in water-saturated intervals, is proposed. The developed composition is the invert emulsion, which makes it possible to carry out treatment at a distance from the well and solve the problem of possible premature gel formation directly in the wellbore. The lowest effective concentration of HPAN in an aqueous solution for use as a gel-forming and sedimentation reagent was determined experimentally (5.0 wt% and more). The interaction of the polymer solution with a chromium crosslinker allows obtaining structured gels in the whole volume of the system. The structure of the gels was evaluated using the Sydansk classifier with the assignment of a letter code from A to J. It was experimentally proved that the structure of the obtained gels depends on the temperature and content of the crosslinking agent in the system; the more crosslinking agent in the composition of the system, the stronger the structure of the resulting gel. The optimal ratio of polymer and crosslinking agent to obtain a strong gel was obtained, which amounted to 5:1 by weight of dry polymer powder. For the HPAN concentration of 5 wt% according to the Sydansk classifier, the gel structure had the code "H"-slightly deformable non-flowing gel. The dependence of the volume of gel sediment obtained because of the interaction with mineralized water on the polymer concentration was studied. It was proved that an increase in the concentration of hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile in the solution, as well as an increase in the concentration of calcium ions in mineralized water, leads to a larger volume of the resulting gel or precipitate and to the strengthening of the gel structure. The results of rheological studies of the developed composition, as well as experiments on thermal stability, are presented. The results of filtration tests on bulk reservoir models demonstrated the selectivity of the developed composition. The obtained value of the residual resistance factor for the oil-saturated low-permeability model was 1.49 units; the value of the residual resistance factor for the water-saturated high-permeability model was 18.04 units. The ratio of the obtained values of the residual resistance factor, equal to 0.08 (much less than 1), can characterize the developed composition as a selective material for water shut-off in producing wells. Existing technologies for water shut-off based on HPAN do not allow for making a treatment at a distance from the well and require the use of technological solutions to prevent premature gel sedimentation in the well. The developed composition makes it possible to solve the problem of premature gelation. In addition, the composition can form a blocking screen in highly permeable water-saturated zones. The development can be useful for deposits with difficult conditions (high mineralization in reservoir waters, boreholes with a horizontal end, elevated temperatures up to 80 °C).

Pengaruh Berbagai Jenis Aplikasi Auksin Dan Bahan Setek Daun Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Peperomia (Peperomia argyreia)

Peperomia watermelon (Peperomia argyreia) ornamental plant, its existence is still quite rare, due to the long propagation time, so efforts are needed to help the growth of Peperomia plants to be faster. This study aims to determine the growth response of peperomia plant leaf cuttings to various types of auxin application treatments with the leaf cutting materials. This research was conducted at the Screen House of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Perjuangan Tasikmalaya in January – April 2022. The design used to be a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors. The first factor giving synthetic auxin application consisted of 4 levels, namely: control, solution, paste, flour, and the second factor was the type of leaf cuttings consisting of 3 levels, namely: intact leaves, half lower part of leaves, half top part of leave (S3). There were 12 treatment combinations, repeat 3 times, each experimental unit consisting of 3 plants so that the total plants were 108 plants. The results of this research show that there is a significantly different interaction between the treatment of the variable percentage of survival and the percentage of cuttings sprouting. Auxin treatment and the type of leaves cuttings each gave a significant effect on the variable length of the root, that is in the treatment of the type of solution application (R1) by showing the longest root value of 6,26 cm and the treatment of the intect leaves (S3) is by showing the root value of 6,49 cm. While the treatment did not give significantly different results for the number of leaves, the number of main roots, root branches, and shoots

Effect of Different Types of cuttings and Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) on Rooting of Damas Plant (Conocarpus lancifolius L.)

An experiment consists of two types of cuttings viz. tip cutting (C1) and semi hardwood cuttings (C2) with different IBA concentrations i.e. 300 (I1), 400 (I2), 500 (I3) and 600 (I4) ppm each along with control (I5) were treated. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with Factorial Concept comprise three replications. The cuttings were planted in sand bed. Among different types of cuttings, maximum number of roots (11.03), root length (6.99 cm), fresh weight (255.60 mg/plant) of root and dry weight (27.59 mg/plant) of root along with highest rooting percent (67.14) of cuttings were recorded in tip cutting after 60 days of planting. While in case of IBA, highest number of roots (13.23), longest root (7.66 cm), maximum fresh weight (294.33 mg/plant) of root, dry weight (27.59 mg/plant) of root and maximum rooting percentage (67.14) of cuttings were recorded under treatment of 500 ppm IBA at 60 days of planting. Interaction effect of tip cuttings along with 500 ppm IBA (C1I3) was also found significant for all the characters.

Effects of Protease and Sex on Skin, Bone and Muscle Yields and Percentages of Major Primal Cuts in Broilers

Summary This study aimed to assess the effects of different dietary levels of the protease enzyme and sex on skin, bone and muscle yields and percentages of breast, drumsticks and thighs as the most valuable carcass parts of broilers. A total of 300 one-day-old, mixed-sex broiler chickens (Cobb 500) were randomly divided into 3 dietary treatments with different levels of protease supplementation (group C: a standard diet without Ronozyme ProAct; group E-I: a diet with 200 mg/kg Ronozyme ProAct and a 4% crude protein reduction compared to the standard diet; and group E-II: a diet with 300mg/kg Ronozyme ProAct and a 6% crude protein reduction compared to the standard diet). All diets were maize- and soybean meal-based. Feed and water were provided ad libitum throughout the 49-day feeding trial. The results obtained indicate that the dietary treatments had no significant effect on skin, bone and muscle yields and percentages of the drumsticks, thighs and breast (P > 0.05), except for the breast muscle weight in the female chickens (especially between the E-I and E-II groups), and the drumstick bone percentage in the males between the C and E-2 groups (P < 0.05). In all three groups, the male chickens exhibited higher weights of skin, muscle and bone in breast, drumsticks and thighs than the female chickens, and the differences were not significant only in the skin weight of drumsticks and thighs (P > 0.05). The females had a higher yield of muscle tissue in breast and drumsticks, a higher percentage of skin in drumsticks and thighs, and a lower percentage of bone in drumsticks and thighs than the males (P < 0.05). Major differences resulted from the effect of broiler sex, whereas the dietary treatments containing 3 levels of protease supplementation had a very small effect on the yields and percentages of skin, bone and muscle in breast, drumsticks and thighs.

Applications of Natural Rooting Inducer and Immersion Time on Root Growth of Chrysanthemum Shoot Cuttings

Chrysanthemum is a cut ornamental plant whose production in Indonesia in 2021 occupies the highest position namely 344 million compared to other ornamental plants. Production of chrysanthemum seedlings using the shoot cuttings method requires growth regulators to support the rooting process. It is necessary to use natural growth regulators which are cheaper and easier to obtain to encourage cutting root growth. This study aims to determine the appropriate natural root induction substances and immersion time for root induction of shoot cuttings of Chrysanthemum morifolium sp. This research was conducted at Kulon Progo Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The study was conducted using a single-factor experimental method and arranged in a Completely Randomized Design with 3 replications and 5 samples for each replication. The treatments tested were 80% shallot extract, 100% coconut water, and 100% rice water with an immersion time of 5, 15, and 25 minutes respectively, and commercial rooting induction substances-Rootone F® which was applied and left for 5, 15 and 15 minutes. Parameters observed were the percentage of viable cuttings, plant height increase, the number of leaves increased, percentage of rooted cuttings, number of roots, root length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, and root dry weight. Observations were analysed using analysis of variance at the α level of 5%. If there is a significant difference between the treatments tested, then a further test is carried out using Duncan‘s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that 80% shallot extract with 15 minutes of immersion could replace the use of Rootone-F® and showed the best relative results on the parameters of the number of roots, root fresh weight, and root dry weight of Chrysanthemum morifolium cuttings.

Urgent propagation of the endemic and possibly extinct in the wild tree Cassine koordersii (Celastraceae)

Cassine koordersii Kosterm. (Celastraceae) is a narrow endemic tree species known only to Mt. Puger, Jember, Indonesia. The IUCN Red List classifies it as Critically Endangered (CR) possibly extinct in the wild. Currently, there are only two living collections at the Bogor Botanic Gardens. As an urgent measure to anticipate extinction, vegetative propagation through shoot cuttings was conducted. This study aimed to determine the effects of rooting media and Rootone-F hormone on the successfulness of shoot cuttings of C. koordersii. It was carried out at the glass house in April 2022 with a 3-months observations period. The Komatsu-FORDA Fog Cooling (KOFFCO) system was adopted. The research used a completely randomized factorial design with rooting media and Rootone-F hormone as treatments. The media were sand (M1), cocopeat+burnt husk 2:1 (M2), and perlite+vermiculite 1:1 (M3). The Rootone-F hormone treatments included control (R1) and the addition of Rootone-F (R2). Six treatment combinations and four replications by 12 units obtained a total of 288 cuttings. The results indicate that in general, M2 and R2 have the best average yield: percentage of rooted cuttings (14.58%), number of primary roots (1.7), primary root length (1.58 cm), and percentage of survival cuttings (78.12%). The interaction between rooting media and Rootone-F hormone was not significant for all parameters. Despite only few new individuals are generated, they are valuable material for ex-situ collection backup. In addition, new juvenile seedlings are designed as mother trees for clonal orchards. Their high percentage rooting is expected to support the reintroduction program to their natural habitats.

Growth of leaf cutting of malay apple (Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr & Perry) with coconut water treatmen

Malay apple (Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr & Perry) is a fruit plant in the Myrtaceae family, which has high economic value and nutritional content. The aim of this study was to determine the growth response of guava leaf cuttings to treatment with coconut water concentrations. The research design used was a randomized block design with 5 treatment levels and 5 replications. The treatment consisted of 5 levels namely control, water immersion, 25% coconut water, 50% coconut water, and 75% coconut water. Coconut water treatment was given to cuttings by soaking for 2 hours. Furthermore, leaf cuttings are planted in polybags that have been doused with water and then given a plastic cover. Parameters observed included the percentage of live cuttings, the percentage of formed roots, the percentage of shoots formed, the percentage of petiole damage, the percentage of petiole swelling and the percentage of petiole callus formation, the percentage of damaged leaves, and the symptoms of leaf damage. The results showed that the control treatment, water immersion and coconut water treatment showed the percentage of live cuttings was 100%, the leaf cuttings had not yet formed roots and shoots. Coconut water treatment reduced the percentage of petiole and leaf blade damage, increased the percentage of petiole swelling and increased callus formation, but was not able to stimulate root and shoot formation. Treatment of 75% coconut water showed the lowest percentage of damage to leaf cuttings with the highest percentage of swelling and callus formation.

Evaluation of Growth Performance, Efficiency of Dietary Net Energy Utilization, and Carcass Trait Responses of Heavy Finishing Lambs Administered 12 mg of Zeranol Subcutaneously in the Ear 59 d before Harvest

The objective of this research was to determine the influence of implanting heavy wether lambs with 12 mg of zeranol (1 pellet Ralgro, Merck Animal Health. Madison, NJ, USA) 59 d before harvest. Average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency, and carcass merit were evaluated. Polypay and crossbred wethers (n = 32) were equally divided into two treatment groups: non-implanted; (CON) or implanted with 12 mg of zeranol (IMP) in a randomized complete block design. Sixteen pens were used, resulting in eight replicate pens per treatment. Wethers were fed a finishing diet consisting of cracked corn, soybean meal, and soybean hulls ad libitum for 59 d. Lambs had access to clean water at all times from water fountains. Lambs were weighed on d -1, 1, 14, and 59. On d 59, 16 lambs (8 lambs/treatment) were harvested in the South Dakota State University Meat Lab. Hot carcass weight (HCW), dressing percent (DP), rib fat, body wall thickness, loin eye area, boneless closely trimmed retail cut percentages, and yield grades were recorded. Final body weight (BW), cumulative ADG, and gain efficiency were greater (p ≤ 0.01) for implanted lambs by 2.9%, 25.0%, and 35.2%, respectively, while dry matter intake (DMI) was unaffected by implant treatment (p = 0.18); thus, the efficiency of dietary net energy utilization was increased for IMP (p ≤ 0.01). No appreciable differences were noted (p ≥ 0.17) between treatments for any carcass traits measured. These results indicate that zeranol improves growth performance in heavy finishing lambs without detriment to carcass quality, which implies that producers can improve profitability due to increased gains and efficiency.

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF VIERUL LOCAL GRAPE (Vitis spp.) CUTTING SEEDS ON PODZOLIC SOIL USING VARIOUS CONCENTRATION OF AUXIN SOAK

The development of grapes (Vitis vinifera) has obstacle among others are limited optimal land and difficult nurseries. Suboptimal land use for grape cuttings can use red yellow podzolic soil (ultisol). Podzolic soil has an acidic pH and low macro and micro nutrient uptake but can still be used as a growing medium. Vierul local grapes are a type of grape that has begun to be developed as root stock in nurseries but needs to be improved for its root success using a synthetic phytohormones bath of napthaline acetic acid (NAA). The purpose of this study was to determine the morphological character of vierul local grape cuttings at various concentrations of NAAsoaking in podzolic soil growing medium. This research has been carried out in a screen house from August to December 2021. This study used a non-factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replications as block consisting of F0, F1, F2, F4 following by 0, 2, 4, 6 g L-1 respectively. The morphological characteristics observed is number of bud break, time of leaves appear, number of leaves, tendril length and percentage of live cuttings. The results of the study were analyzed using ANOVA at the 5% level and continued using the DMRT at the 5% level. The result showed that soaking of NAA at a concentration of 0 g L-1 (F0) had the best result for the variable number of bud break and number of leaves. Concentration of 6 g L-1 (F3) had the best result for variable length of the tendril while for the variable when the leaves appear, NAA soaking has no significant effect. The percentage of live cuttings is still low because it is influenced by the quality (material) of cuttings, the age of woodstock, growing media and water availability.

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Rootone F terhadap Induksi Akar dan Tunas Stek Pucuk Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica)

Coffee is a plantation commodity which important to increase its production, such as by vegetative propagation i.e., shoot cuttings that stimulated by Plant Growth Regulators (PGR). The research was on the effect of Rootone F concentrations on roots and shoots induction of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) shoot cuttings, it was carried out at the smallholder coffee plantation Solok Radjo in Aie Dingin Village, Lembah Gumanti District, Solok Regency on April until August 2022. The objectives of this study were to determine the growth response of Arabica coffee shoot cuttings on the induction of the roots and shoots, and to determine the best concentration of Rootone F PGR on the growth of it. This study was designed by a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 concentrations of Rootone F, namely: 0, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 ppm. The observed variables were percentage of live cuttings, first shoots emergence, longest root and shoot, number of roots and shoots, and fresh weight of roots. The obtained data were analyzed of variance at the 5% level and if it was significantly different continued by Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at the 5% level. The results showed that there was a shoot cuttings growth response of Arabica coffee on the variable of percentage of living cuttings, first shoots emergence, longest root and shoot, and fresh weight of roots, except on the variable number of roots and shoots. The best concentration of Rootone F PGR on the roots and shoots induction of Arabica coffee shoot cuttings in supporting its growth was 400 ppm.

RESPON STEK CABANG BAMBU BETUNG (Dendrocalamus asper) TERHADAP PEMBERIAN ZPT ALAMI

Betung bamboo is widely used for building construction materials, furniture, and has ecological benefits because it is hard and strong. Bamboo propagation can be done generatively and vegetatively. Generative propagation has weaknesses, namely bamboo seeds are very difficult to obtain, seed viability is low, seeds cannot be stored for long, are susceptible to pests and diseases, and require a very long time to reach the age of the first harvest. Regulatory substances that can be used to encourage the growth of bamboo branch cuttings are shallots and banana weevils. The study was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 9 treatments namely A0 (control), A1 (25% banana weevil), A2 (50% banana weevil), A3 (75% banana weevil). banana), A4 (100% banana weevil), A5 (25% shallot), A6 (50% shallot), A7 (75% shallot), A8 (100% shallot). The results showed that natural ZPT (banana and shallot weevils) had no significant effect on the growth of betung bamboo branch cuttings. Although no treatment had a significant effect, when viewed from the average value of each parameter, it can be said that the treatment of natural ZPT concentrations on bamboo betung branch cuttings was in treatment A8 (100% shallot concentration) for the parameter of the period of shoot emergence, treatment A6 (50% shallot concentration) for the number of leaves parameter, treatment A0 (control) for the root length parameter and for the parameter living percentage of bamboo betung branch cuttings showed the highest average for all treatments.