Percentage Terms Research Articles

IoT Based Poultry Cage Quality Monitoring System

This research aims to create a better cage quality monitoring system in poultry farms, the parameters observed in particular are ammonia gas, where this gas greatly affects the health and productivity of laying hens, the data taken is processed in percentage terms and a comparison of several conditions in the location where the equipment is placed. The system is made using ESP32 microcontroller as the main board, DHT22 as a temperature and humidity sensor, MQ135 as a sensor to detect ammonia gas levels, GY302/BH1750 as a light sensor, light sensor or light meter sensor is used to optimize the circadian cycle of laying hens, the monitor system uses data sent by the main board to the database and taken as output by the mobile application. At the implementation stage, the system is able to function properly where the monitor system can send and receive data with the database as an intermediary between hardware and software. The DHT22 sensor can detect temperature and humidity changes with minimal error, the error rate obtained for DHT22 sensor reaches 2.26%, the MQ135 sensor can detect ammonia gas levels according to set program, the GY302/BH1750 sensor can detect changes in light with quite optimal accuracy, all sensor activities can be monitored through the software that has been created, when the system is used for a long period of time periodically the main board will stop sending data to the database, This can last 30 to 40 minutes, with a reboot solution.

The effect of independent activities in healthy fitness on the psycho-emotional state of female students of vocational schools in the conditions of marital state

The full-scale war on the territory of our country affected all Ukrainians without exception, including student youth. Therefore, the relevance of studying the problems of the psycho-emotional state of the individual in today's conditions is extremely important. The purpose of the study was to analyze the influence of self-remedial fitness classes on the psycho-emotional state of female students of higher education institutions under martial law. Research methods: theoretical analysis, testing, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical analysis and statistics. The article presents the developed methodology of self-improvement fitness classes, which is conventionally divided into three stages. The test results obtained at the end of the study indicate that the psycho-emotional state of female students improved after the implementation of the method of self-remedial fitness classes, in relation to each indicator, namely: the increase in the indicator of low level of anxiety improved by 4.1%, medium and high level of anxiety, respectively, by 2% each . For low and high levels of frustration, in percentage terms, the scores improved by 2% each, and the average scores improved by 5%, respectively. The indicators of low and high levels of aggressiveness respectively improved by a percentage of 2% each, and indicators of medium level of aggressiveness respectively improved by 5%. Regarding the average level of rigidity, the indicators in percentage ratio improved by 1%, respectively, low and high level of rigidity in percentage ratio by 3% each, which ensured the achievement of the set goal. Further scientific research can take place in the area of determining the impact of independent health fitness classes on the level of physical fitness of female students of higher education institutions under martial law.

Problemas de Saúde dos Alunos da FEA-RP/USP – Um Exame do Período 2015-2019

This article systematizes primary data on health problems of FEA-RP/USP students in the period 2015-2019 from a database of the unit's Undergraduate Service. This systematization makes it possible to know the nature of the unit's health problems and design more effective educational management policies to deal with health problems. It can be concluded that: there is an increase in requests related to health problems; the composition of requests is in accordance with the composition by sex of the student body; student requests do not occur uniformly per course; mental health problems increase in importance towards the end of the period; requests for home problem sets are of increasing importance; total leave of absence requests have a decreasing importance in percentage terms; The reasons for total leave of absence vary in importance.

ИККИНЧИ ЖАҲОН УРУШИ ЙИЛЛАРИДА ХОРАЗМДАГИ ДЕМОГРАФИК ЎЗГАРИШЛАР ВА УНИНГ ОҚИБАТЛАРИ

This article analyzes demographic changes in the Khorezm region during the Second World War. The article shows in percentage terms the contribution of men and women to mental and physical labor. Based on statistical documents, natural population growth and the number of births and deaths in the republic are revealed. It is shown that as a result of the relocation of the population to the region due to the war, various epidemic diseases arose, which led to illness and death of the local population.

Simulation of an induction generator for a wind farm

A pressing problem in the modern economy is still the problem of generating a sufficient amount of electricity. The situation is aggravated by environmental problems when using so-called carbon energy, as well as when using hydro and nuclear energy. The development of alternative sources of electricity is now impossible to imagine without the use of wind power plants. Wind energy is practically free energy, but its use involves the use of electric generators. Currently these are mainly synchronous generators, but induction (asynchronous) generators are also used. Despite the relative cheapness and reliability, however, induction generators occupy a very modest place in percentage terms among wind generators. One of the problems with using induction wind generators is that they require very significant reactive power during operation, which either comes from the network or is compensated by a capacitor bank. The latter is typical for autonomous induction generators. Computer modeling of induction wind generators is complicated by significant nonlinearity, which is caused by the magnetization curve or, what is the same, the no-load characteristics of the generator. As a rule, in computer modeling or simulation the inductive reactance of the magnetization branch is assumed to be constant, which is not entirely correct, since it is reliably known that it depends on the rotor rotation speed. A number of models of an induction generator are known, but so far there is no one most reliable mathematical model that allows computer studies of an induction generator with a squirrel-cage rotor, taking into account all its features. The MATLAB 2023b software package contains a mathematical model of an induction wind generator, which is of scientific and practical interest. The article examines the capabilities of this model, its advantages and disadvantages. The dependences of the influence of machine parameters on the generated active power and consumed reactive power were obtained, the influence of the inductive resistance of the magnetization branch and the influence of the nature of the load on the generated energy by the generator were assessed

Small field dosimetry employing the thermoluminescence technique using a 3D printed phantom

With the advent of new radiotherapy modalities, it has become necessary to apply relatively small fields that are dynamic or static. The use of these field sizes can cause uncertainty in dosimetry, requiring special attention in small field dosimetry. With these mentioned challenges, it is difficult to select a detector with good performance for dosimetry in small fields. TLDs have advantages because they have characteristics such as high spatial resolution and dose response, they offer a promising opportunity to measure the absorbed dose in a small field. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of CaSO4:Dy, LiF:Mg,Ti and μLiF:Mg,Ti thermoluminescent dosimeters for clinical photon beams in small field dosimetry using a 3D printed phantom. For clinical application the 6EX linear accelerator from Varian Medical System and the Multillif collimator from BrainLab were used. The 3D printed phantom was subjected to real treatment conditions. The dynamic arc 3D radiosurgery technique was adopted, with a dose of 7 Gy. To decrease statistical variation, the treatment simulation was repeated three times for each dosimeter. The results obtained demonstrated the viability of TLDs for clinical applications from photon beams to small fields. The values showed agreement in percentage terms below ±5% as recommended by the ICRU. The greatest percentage difference found was 1.2% (LiF:Mg;Ti) in relation to the planning system. All thermoluminescent dosimeters presented an uncertainty relatively low, with good stability and reproducibility in all measurements. The 3D printed phantom showed the possibility of achieving real treatment conditions.

Flora of the riverside-water side of the lower section of the Nistru river and its tributaries on the territory of the Republic of Moldova

The studied section of the river. The Dniester and its tributaries are represented by 113 species, 103 genera from 55 families of higher plants (Magnoliophyta). The greatest diversity is found in the Asteraceae (21 species) and Poaceae (8 species) families. About 1/3 of the total number of species are represented by the Eurasian element. The spontaneous element of the studied flora is represented by 54 species, and the ruderal element by 36 species. Invasive elements are represented by the species Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, Acer negundo L. Amorpha fruticosa L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Grindelia squarrosa Willd.. It was also carried out for all species: determination of the percentage ratio of life forms, biological indices, ecological groups in relation to humidity, the ratio of plant species by origin, the distribution of indicator species by nitrogen (N) in percentage terms and the ratio of plant species in relation to the category trophicity.

999 telephone triage: a comparison of UK ambulance nurse and paramedic case mix, outcomes and audit compliance

PurposeMost UK ambulance services undertake remote assessments of 999 calls with nurses and paramedics to manage demand and reduce inappropriate hospital admissions. However, little is known about the differences in the types of cases managed by the two professions comparatively, their clinical outcomes, and the quality and safety they offer.Design/methodology/approachThe retrospective descriptive study analysed data collected at Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust (WAST) from prioritisation, triage, and audit tools between the 17th May 2022 to 8th November 2022. A total of 21,076 cases and 728 audits were included for review.FindingsThere was little difference in the type and frequency of the presenting complaints assessed, and clinical outcomes reached in percentage terms. Whilst paramedics had more highly compliant call audits and fewer non-compliant call audits, there was, again, little difference in percentage terms between the two, indicating positive levels of safety across the two professional groups.Research limitations/implicationsThere continues to be a substantial difference between UK paramedics to those in the Middle East, the United States, and some African nations, which may limit the applicability of findings. This study also looked at a six-month window from only one UK service using one type of prioritisation and triage tool. Future research could explore longer periods from multiple services using various tools. It is important to note that this study did not link outcome data with primary, secondary or tertiary care settings. Thus, it is impossible to determine if the level of care aligned closely with the final diagnosis.Practical implicationsThe practical implications of this work include better workforce planning for agencies who have perhaps only employed one type of clinician or a reaffirmation to those who have employed both. The authors suggest that the training and education of both sets of clinicians could remain general in nature, with no overt requirement for specificity based on professional registration alone. Commissioners and stakeholders in the wider health economy should consider ensuring equitable access to alternative pathways for patients assessed by both nurses and paramedics.Social implicationsIt has been posited that UK nurses and paramedics are, by virtue of their consistency in education, skill set, licensure, and general experience, both able to achieve safe and effective remote outcomes in 999 settings. This study provides evidence to support that hypothesis. These results say more about the two professions' ability to work together rather than just the professions themselves. The multidisciplinary team approach is well-established in acute care settings, and is broadly considered to improve communication, coordination decision making, adherence to up-to-date treatment recommendations, and be positive for shared learning and development for younger colleagues.Originality/valueMost UK services use a mix of nurses and paramedics; however, little is known about the differences in the types of cases managed by the two professions comparatively, their clinical outcomes, and the quality and safety they each offer. The most recent studies of this nature were published in 2003 and 2004 and looked only at low-acuity 999 calls when remote assessment was not even an established role for UK paramedics. This study updates the literature, identifies areas for future research, and applies to the international setting for the most part.

Application of the Altman Model for the Prediction of Financial Distress in the Case of Slovenian Companies

Abstract Background/Purpose The aim of this paper is to verify the applicability and accuracy of the Altman model in the case of Slovenian companies. The use of the Altman model is hugely popular and widespread among financiers, analysts and other stakeholders who want to determine the creditworthiness of a company’s operations and the likelihood of it running into financial difficulties in the coming years. Methods The study was conducted on a sample of 66 Slovenian companies, which were divided into two equal groups: bankruptcy and non-bankruptcy companies. Based on accounting data for the last five years, the authors of this paper calculated the Z-Score, which is based on the Multiple Discriminant Analysis (MDA). By calculating the statistical error of the estimate (type I and II), the authors verified the extent (in percentage terms) to which the companies had been correctly classified by the model. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to check whether there was a difference in the average Z-Score between the two groups of companies. Results The authors determined that the reliability of the Altman model was 71.21% when tested at the upper bound (the threshold value of the Z-Score was 2.6) and 80.30% when tested at the lower bound (the threshold value of the Z-Score was 1.1). This is similar to other countries, where the reliability was found to be over 70% in most cases. Despite the lower reliability of the model, the Z-Score proved to be an important factor in differentiating between the two groups of companies, as bankruptcy companies had a lower value of this indicator than non-bankruptcy companies. Conclusion Based on the results of this study, as well as those of other studies, it can be summarized that the Altman model is a fairly good way for companies to determine the success of their business in a relatively simple and quick way and also to predict the potential risk of their operations in the future. However, since the reliability of the model is not 100%, it is important to be careful when making business predictions and carry out additional in-depth analyses or use other methods.

The Mortgage Lending Value (MLV): proposal for a new calculation procedure

The mortgage lending value (MLV) is a type of value different from the market value (MV). The MLV appraisal is normally required in loans secured by real estate (collateral) context. In Italy, this appraisal is often made in percentage terms or with subjective criteria that do not consider the reference principles also defined by the valuation standards. This paper, starting from the analysis of the German procedure to appraise the MLV, which is the first country to introduce the concept of a security value in the context of property valuations, aims to propose a more precise procedure than the German one by adopting calculation methodologies typical of the income approach which are based on the principles derived from the definition of mortgage lending value and from market trends. The case is made that the proposed methodology and calculation procedure provide a more objective method to appraise the MLV compared to the current ones, in accordance with both national and international valuation standards, and that it represents a useful tool in the professional field.

Use of ceramic fiber modified with ferrites for the cleaning of flue gases of graphitization furnaces

Gaseous emissions of industrial enterprises as a result of their economic activities adversely affect the ecological situation, and even worsen the sanitary and hygienic working conditions of the personnel. Carrying out chemical reactions in the furnace equipment of metallurgical and electrothermal production, as a rule, lead to the formation of gases containing various toxic impurities, including carbon monoxide, the disposal of which is an important environmental task. As the calculations show, the total amount of annual CO emissions in Ukraine is 704344.218 t/year, which in percentage terms is 31.42% of the total emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases, except for carbon dioxide - 2242020.75 t/year. The release of significant amounts of poisonous CO into the atmosphere is a serious problem that must be solved at the level of industrial production. One of the effective directions in the field of purification of industrial gas emissions from toxic carbon monoxide is the application of catalytic technologies due to the use of compositions based on transition metals, especially ferrite materials. Recently, systems for neutralizing toxic gases, including glass fiber catalysts, have become widely popular. The study of the CO oxidation process was carried out on a flow-type installation with a stationary weight of the catalyst. Catalytic purification of the gas mixture from CO was studied in the range of 50-450 °C. The concentration of carbon monoxide in the initial gas mixture at the entrance to the reactor was varied in the range of 1-2 vol. %. If necessary, helium was used as an inert gas. Ceramic fiber was used as a fiberglass support for catalytic systems for the oxidation of gaseous emissions containing CO. Ferrite catalysts were applied to ceramic fiber by the method of impregnation from sulfate solutions of iron, copper, and potassium bichromate. From the temperature dependences of the conversion of carbon monoxide with a concentration of 1-2% on ferrite catalysts on a ceramic fiber carrier, it can be seen that 100% conversion of carbon monoxide is not achieved even at a temperature of 450 ºС. In the case of using a mixture of magnetite and copper ferrite, the degree of conversion of CO was 97% at temperatures above 300 ºС and stably ensured the neutralization of CO until the conversion degree of 98% was reached at a temperature of 450 ºС. At a temperature of 450 ºС, the highest degree of conversion of 99% was ensured by using chromium ferrite, but the specified chromium-ferrite catalyst at a temperature of 400 ºС provided a slightly lower oxidation efficiency, that is, the specified catalyst has less advantages for use in fluctuating gas temperatures in industrial conditions. When magnetite and copper ferrite were used separately, the degree of CO conversion was 40% and 75%, respectively. Therefore, the conducted studies showed that the use of ceramic fiber modified with ferrites can be effectively used for the purification of flue gases of electrode graphitization furnaces, in particular, the neutralization of toxic carbon monoxide. Obtaining ceramic fiber modified with ferrite material does not require significant capital investments, as it is based on the use of liquid waste from etching, copper plating, and chrome plating of galvanic production. Laying ceramic fiber on top of the thermal insulation of the graphitization furnaces of electrode production will also reduce the inflow of oxygen into the porous space and reduce the formation of carbon monoxide, which will contribute to the improvement of the ecological situation at the electrode production. The obtained results on the use of ceramic fiber modified with ferrite material as a catalyst for the neutralization of carbon monoxide are a highly effective and affordable measure to reduce the man-made burden of electrode production on the environment.

Application of Exponential Smoothing Method for Forecasting Spare Parts Inventory at Heavy Equipment Distributor Company

PT. Kobexindo Tractors Tbk holds a significant spare parts inventory to meet their customers' needs. Over the period from 2016 to 2023, the company experienced an average annual loss of Rp. 1,176,438,113, due to the inadequate analysis of spare parts demand, which serves as a reference in the procurement process. To address this issue, this research focuses on developing a model that can generate accurate forecasts for spare parts inventory, particularly Jungheinrich parts, to support appropriate management decisions in the procurement process at the company. The Exponential Smoothing method is chosen for its ability to handle data with fluctuating patterns and trends. This study will compare the Simple Exponential Smoothing, Double Exponential Smoothing, and Triple Exponential Smoothing methods. The data ratio used in this research is 70% for training data and 30% for testing data. The prototype development is conducted using the Python programming language. The research results indicate that the Holts Winter Exponential Smoothing Model with Multiplicative Seasonality and Multiplicative Trend (Triple Exponential) is the best method among others, as follows: 1) Train RSME (7.082307), a low RSME value on training data indicates that this model has a small prediction error rate on the data used for training. 2) Test MAPE (6.343268), a low MAPE value on test data indicates that this model provides fairly accurate predictions in percentage terms of the actual values. 3) Test RSME Values (23.160521), a sufficiently low RSME value on test data indicates that this model also successfully generalizes well on unseen data.

Undergraduate Students’ Difficulties in Translating an Editorial of the Jakarta Post

The objective of this research was to find out the students’ dominant difficulties in translating an editorial text of The Jakarta Post. The subjects of this research were 30 seventh semester students of Education Study Program at Universitas Bengkulu in the academic year 2020/2021. This research used a quantitative descriptive method. The data were collected with a questionnaire and were counted in percentage terms. The results of this research showed that there were 5 students’ dominants difficulties in translating the editorial, i.e. a.)The difficulties in understanding unfamiliar words(60%), b.) The difficulties in understanding the texts although they understand the meaning of the words but they could not understand it coherently. Sometimes one sentence looked like disconnected with another sentence so it became odd (57%),c.)The difficulties in understanding the difficult sentences (47%), d.)The difficulties in translating the words that had multiple meanings which made it difficult for them to determine which meaning was correct and in understanding the ambiguous words (43%), and e.)The difficulties in translating phrases (43%). In conclusion, among all the dominant difficulties in translating the editorial the most dominant one was the difficulties in understanding unfamiliar words (60%). It was suggested that the undergraduate students should study lexicology and syntax intensively.

Biodiversity losses associated with global warming of 1.5 to 4 °C above pre-industrial levels in six countries

We quantify the projected impacts of alternative levels of global warming upon the climatically determined geographic ranges of plants and vertebrates in six countries (China, Brazil, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana and India), accounting for uncertainties in regional climate projection. We quantify in a spatially explicit fashion the species richness remaining or lost, allowing the identification of climate refugia which we define as areas where > 75% of the species currently present remain in a world with a particular level of global warming above pre-industrial levels. In all countries and in both taxa, species richness declines with warming, as does the proportion of each country remaining a climate refugium for plants or vertebrates. In percentage terms, refugia loss relative to a 1961–1990 baseline period is greatest in India and Brazil, and least in Ghana and Ethiopia for the same level of warming, and is greater for plants than for vertebrates. Taking account of present land uses (i.e. area still considered natural), and using species richness of plants as a proxy to indicate biodiversity more generally, the proportion of land acting as climate refugia for biodiversity in five of the countries variously declines from 32–75% of a country in the 1961–1990 baseline period to 20–64% for 1.5 °C global warming, 11–53% for 2 °C, 3–33% for 3 °C and 2–24% for 4 °C warming. In Ethiopia, India, Brazil and China, climate refugia decline rapidly with warming while in Ghana and China some refugia persist even with 3–4 °C of warming. Only small percentages of Brazil, India and China are both climate refugia and lie within protected areas; hence, an expansion of the protected area networks in these countries would be required to deliver climate resilient biodiversity conservation. These percentages are larger in Ethiopia and Ghana and, in some areas of Ghana, the only remaining refugia are in protected areas, the remaining landscape converted to other uses.

Determination of the features of integrated design of civil long-range aircraft with transonic truss-braced wing at the preliminary design stage

The object of research is a civil mainline aircraft with a transonic truss-braced wing. The problem of designing an aircraft of this scheme at the preliminary design stage is being solved in the work. The results of the work include the concept of designing aircraft with a transonic truss-braced wing, the main advantages of such a scheme, the process of determining the geometric parameters of the truss-braced, features of the preliminary design of an aircraft with an extremely high aspect ratio truss-braced wing, possible approaches to the arrangement of units and their mutual arrangement. The results are explained by the difference in the design model (the cantilever beam is replaced by a beam on two supports) in mass analysis and the increased wing aspect ratio in aerodynamic calculation. The final data are based on a statistical study to determine the basic geometric parameters of assemblies of modern mainline passenger aircraft, synthesis of parameters of analog aircraft. For example, an aircraft capable of carrying 250 passengers over a distance of 13.000 km is considered. In the design process, values of aspect ratio, taper ratio, wing area, vertical tail and horizontal tail area ratio, and fuselage dimensions are accepted. Drawings of the general appearance of the aircraft have been developed and, based on it, a master geometry of the theoretical contour has been constructed. Graphs of first-order polar and maximum lift-to-drag ratio have been plotted, the reduction of aerodynamic drag in percentage terms has been determined, and the increase in aerodynamic lift-to-drag ratio in percentage terms for an aircraft with an extremely high aspect ratio truss-braced wing compared to similar characteristics of an aircraft with a conventional non-braced wing has been calculated. The approximate mass savings when using a truss-braced wing on the aircraft are determined in percentage terms. The expediency of using wings of greater aspect ratio, than modern aircraft currently have, has been justified. The expediency of using a brace for the aircraft with an extremely high aspect ratio wing has been justified. The obtained results can be used in practice in the process of developing the preliminary design of an aircraft with a truss-braced wing or in the modifications of existing aircraft to increase their fuel efficiency or increase the durability of wing elements due to reduced loads acting on them.

Comparative analysis of machine learning algorithms for predicting Dubai property prices

IntroductionPredicting property prices is a crucial task in the real estate market, and machine learning algorithms offer valuable tools for accurate predictions. In this study, we introduce a comprehensive comparison of eight well-known machine learning algorithms, namely, ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD)–stochastic (S) + deterministic (D)–support vector machine (EEMD-SD-SVM), support vector machine (SVM), gradient boosting, random forest, K-nearest neighbors (KNN), linear regression, artificial neural networks (ANN), and decision trees. The focus is on predicting property prices in Dubai, with the primary objective of assessing the predictive performance of these algorithms within this specific market context.MethodsThe evaluation is based on four key performance metrics: R-squared (R2), mean squared error (MSE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). These metrics provide insights into prediction errors, accuracy in percentage terms, and the proportion of variance in property prices explained by independent variables. The study compares the strengths and limitations of each algorithm for predicting property prices in Dubai, highlighting scenarios where certain algorithms excel based on the nature of decision boundaries, handling complex data, capturing localized patterns, and offering interpretability.ResultsFindings from the comparative analysis shed light on the performance of each algorithm in predicting property prices in Dubai. EEMD-SD-SVM and SVM excel in scenarios requiring precise decision boundaries, while gradient boosting and random forests demonstrate robust performance with complex and noisy property price data. KNN captures localized patterns effectively, linear regression is suitable for straightforward regression tasks, ANN excels with extensive datasets, and decision trees offer interpretability in understanding factors influencing property prices.DiscussionThe study emphasizes the significance of model tuning, feature selection, and data pre-processing to enhance predictive power. Additionally, practical aspects such as computational efficiency, model interpretability, and scalability in real-world applications are discussed. The comparative analysis provides valuable guidance for stakeholders, including real estate professionals, data scientists, and stakeholders interested in selecting the most suitable machine learning algorithm for predicting property prices in Dubai, with a focus on the essential evaluation metrics of MSE, RMSE, MAPE, and R2. This study offers insights into the applicability and performance of different machine learning algorithms for predicting property prices in Dubai. Stakeholders such as real estate agents, buyers, sellers, or investors can leverage these insights to make informed decisions in the Dubai real estate market.

Impactos potenciais da redução do hiato de rendimento microrregional das principais culturas alimentares no Brasil

Abstract This study aimed to measure yield gaps and the potential gains in production and revenue from mitigating these gaps for the four main food crops in Brazil and worldwide (rice, maize, soybean, and wheat). Based on the concepts of potential yield, observed yield, and yield gap, and data from the 2017 Brazilian Agricultural Census, a parameter for the potential yield of each crop was defined at the microregional level, and yield gaps and potential gains in production and revenue resulting from reducing these gaps were measured. The results showed that reducing yield gaps in Brazil for the analyzed crops may lead to an expansion in supply of these food products by almost 10% of the volume achieved in 2017, or the equivalent of 19 million tons. The greatest potential gains in yield and production were found for maize, 13.2%, valued at about US$ 1.7 billion (at 2017 prices). Soybean showed the lowest potential for gains in percentage terms (5.5%), but these gains would represent US$ 1.8 billion, the highest value among the crops analyzed.

Effect of blue range light-emitting diode radiation on platelets and blood coagulation factors in patients with chronic ischemia of lower limbs

To study the effectiveness of blue range visible radiation combined with basic therapy to improve hemostasis in patients with CAILL. The number of male patients with CAILL equal 63 aged 43-57 years was examined. Blood flow parameters on a fixed part of femoral artery outside the occlusion area were registered based on subjective criteria, number of painless steps and ultrasound doppler flowmetry according to the Fontaine-Pokrovsky classification. The second degree of ischemia was diagnosed in 38 patients, the third degree - in 25 patients. All patients received basic pharmacotherapy. Patients were divided into 2 groups by simple randomization method: control group included 18 patients with II degree of ischemia and 12 patients with III degree of ischemia who received basic pharmacotherapy combined with photohemotherapy (PHT). A set of commonly used laboratory methods for examination of blood coagulation system was applied to assess the effectiveness of PHT. The number of apparently healthy people equal 26 was examined to evaluate normal value of hemostasiological parameters. Basic pharmacological treatment had a certain positive effect on studied hemostasis parameters and its thrombotic component. However, they did not differ statistically significantly from similar parameters before treatment on the 14th day after treatment. As a result of comprehensive therapy the changes in hemostasis system had identical and statistically significant in percentage terms changes compared to norm and baseline in patients' subgroups of study group with II and III degrees of ischemia. In addition, most hemostasis parameters in patients with II degree of ischemia were close to those of apparently healthy volunteers. Hemostasis parameters in patients with III degree of ischemia decreased to the levels of patients with II degree of ischemia before treatment. The use of basic pharmacological therapy with optical exposure to blood by blue light allows to correct hemostasis and its thrombotic component in patients with CAILL.

STONE CASTLES OF WESTERN UKRAINE:CONSTRUCTION AND THE CURRENT CONDITION

The article deals with defensive structures of only one type – stone castle complexes. The purpose of this study is to compile a list of stone castles that have survived to this day in whole or in ruins on the territory of Western Ukraine, to identify the geography of their distribution, and to highlight the main stages of their emergence. The timeframe of the study is limited to the 11th-17th centuries and is justified by the fact that the first stone castles appeared on the territory of Ukraine in the 11th century, and the 17th century was the final period of construction of defensive castle structures. During the research, it was determined that most defensive stone castles were built in the period from the middle of the 14th century to the middle of the 17th century. The peak of construction was the period from the middle of the 16th to the middle of the 17th century. However, the real period of time for the construction of stone castles in the territory of Western Ukraine was the end of the 11th – end of the 17th century. To understand the general situation with the state of preservation of stone castles, we have developed a classification dividing them into three main groups: 1) Preserved castles, those that have preserved their integral volumetric-spatial appearance through the centuries. They are both defensive (castles in Lutsk, Uzhgorod) and palace-like (castles in Vyshnivtsi, Olytsia). They are adapted mainly for museum spaces and are actively visited by tourists. 2) Fragmentary preserved castles - this group includes castles from which only single structures have been preserved - towers, walls or buildings, which as of today have already been restored, preserved and adapted for certain functions (castles in Zvyagel, Halych, and Letychiv). 3) Castles in a state of ruin. The last group of objects, which is the largest in total, can be divided into three subgroups according to the degree of preservation: I. castles in a state of ruin, which have an integral closed contour of defensive walls, preserved individual buildings and structures in a state of ruin, foundations and individual sections of the walls of lost buildings and structures (examples are castles in the areas of Stare Selo, Pniv, Zolotyi Potik, etc;) II. castles in a state of ruin, where the perimeter of the defensive walls is torn, the foundations and individual sections of the walls of buildings and structures are preserved (examples are Kudryntsi, Sydoriv, Sataniv); III. castles in a state of ruin, represented only by small fragments of the complex, the rest of the castle is made up of archaeological remains (examples include Lviv, Taikury, Zhvanets, Halych, Chervonohrad, etc.); In a separate group, we distinguish castles that have been wiped off the face of the earth, which can be considered purely archaeological monuments (examples include Dunayiv, Kolomyia, Kukyziv, Sheshory, etc.). In this study, we deal with only 88 castles that have been recorded by research, reflected in publications, and have at least a partial inventory. In percentage terms, only a quarter of this number has a complete appearance and is fragmentarily restored, 1/8 is partially preserved, and more than half of the objects are in a state of ruin. Half of the castles-ruins are almost completely lost. For further research and preservation of stone castles in Ukraine, it is necessary to focus efforts on their complete inventory, development of programs for their conservation, and restoration. A prerequisite is the activity of state bodies to popularize castles as an important component of the national cultural heritage.

Discourse factor of semantic uncertainty in reverse machine translation of media texts

The article is devoted to the study of semantic uncertainty in the texts of legal and media discourses using online programs. The object of the study is conflict factors caused by semantic uncertainty in problem areas. An assessment and description of problem areas in machine translation of media texts was carried out, taking into account lexical ambiguity. The prerequisites for possible conflict situations when translating texts on legal and environmental topics are described. In achieving this goal, both traditional linguistic and innovative methods of analysis (use of artificial intelligence technologies) were used. The characteristics of the philosophical category of uncertainty are given according to the following methodology: 1) assessment of the semantic uncertainty of reverse machine translation texts, taking into account the discursive factor; 2) comparison of legislative and media texts for their similarity to the original after machine translation. The comparative analysis took into account the following parameters: the total number of words in the texts; similarity of texts in percentage terms; presence of various fragments. It is shown that discursive and linguistic means of realizing semantic uncertainty have a significant impact on the reader’s perception of the text. A comparison of two discourses of the same thematic focus on environmental management revealed the influence of the context (discourse) and the intermediary language on the degree of translatability of the text. It has been established that semantic uncertainty and tension zones as conflict-generating factors depend on the quality of translation programs. The study took into account possible errors associated with the limited capabilities of the online programs used. Prospects for studying problem areas in reverse machine translation include expanding sources of empirical material, involving other computer-assisted translation systems, and the possibility of applying research results in an expanded context of “potential conflict”.