Percentage Terms Research Articles

Composition of the regional Councils of the Middle Volga regions (1947–1953)

The article analyzes the compositions of the Kuibyshev and Ulyanovsk regional Councils of Workers Deputies of the post-war period of the IIIV convocations using the prosopographic method. The analysis of the composition of regional Councils was carried out on six grounds (age, educational, party, gender, national and a sign distinguishing deputies of regional councils by social status). The article attempts to show the dynamics of improving the educational level of deputies of regional councils of the IIIV convocations. On the example of the Ulyanovsk Regional Council, a gradual reduction of deputies of Russian nationality in the composition of the regional Council was established, but this category of deputies still maintained its overwhelming presence in this authority. In the course of the study, the number of women deputies in percentage terms in the composition of regional Councils was established. The number of non-party deputies is shown and their percentage of the total number of deputies is calculated. It should be noted that the number of non-party deputies, as well as women deputies in the regional Councils of Workers Deputies was controlled by local party committees. The study of regional Councils revealed a tendency to increase the number of employees among the deputies of regional Councils, and at the same time there is a decrease in the number of deputies who are workers and peasants by their social status. The article attempts to study the age composition of regional councils and as a result of the study the most representative group of deputies was determined. The article defines the number of deputies who have honorary titles, insignia and awards of the Soviet state. Based on the reports of the mandate commission and our analysis, a collective portrait of the deputies of the regional Councils of the Middle Volga regions in the first three post-war convocations was compiled.

Предпринимательство в цифровом пространстве: взгляд современности и перспективы развития

This article discusses the current state of the sector of small and medium-sized businesses, its impact on the country’s economy. The state of the sector of small and medium-sized businesses during the pandemic has been studied. In the course of the study, people of different age categories and professions were interviewed in order to determine the features of views according to the age of the respondent. Among the respondents, there are answers from registered entrepreneurs, whose opinions are of particular value. The answers of the respondents are presented in percentage terms in the charts that the author refers to in the course of writing this article. The respondents expressed their attitude to doing business, to the form of doing it - online or offline, and, among other things, to the issue of registering their business. Responses of interest to the ongoing study were received. The pros and cons of doing business as a registered business, as well as unregistered business, are indicated. Based on the opinion of respondents and on theoretical facts, the author predicted the future of entrepreneurship and the economy of the state as a whole, and also provided the best ways for the development of entrepreneurial activity in Russia.

Interactive Media Edpuzzle and Its Implementation in Teaching Vocabulary in New Normal Era

The aim of this study was to describe the use of interactive media EdPuzzle in teaching vocabulary. Many students had difficulties finding the right vocabulary in conveying ideas because the learning media used by the teacher was not varied. In new normal era, the teacher must be good at choosing interactive media for teaching vocabulary. One of interactive media was EdPuzzle, because it could make the learning process to become interesting. This study was quantitative descriptive. The research subject was the 8th-I grade of students at SMPN 2 Taman which consisted of 33 students. In this study, the researchers used an observation guide and questionnaire to collect the data which were then analyzed descriptive quantitatively and in percentage terms. The result of observational data analysis showed that the interactive media EdPuzzle used in teaching vocabulary made students more active and the class become fun. The results of the questionnaire analysis showed that 54% of students agreed that teaching vocabulary using interactive media Edpuzzle helped them understand the text. The conclusion was that interactive media EdPuzzle could be used in teaching vocabulary, because students felt more enjoyable, interested, and excited, also easier to memorize the English vocabulary during learning process.

Comparative analysis of the results of reconstruction of the cardioesophageal transition of the liver round connection and fundoplication by the Nissen–Rosetti method in treatment of hernias

The paper presents a comparative characteristic of the results of surgical treatment of 27 patients with hiatal hernias using the Rampal–Narbona cardiorespexy technique and 16 patients who underwent laparoscopic Nissen– Rosetti fundoplication with cruroraphy. Cardioterespexy according to the Rampal-Narbona technique consists in the use of lig. Teres hepatis with the aim of forming the angle of His, fixing the cardiac part of the stomach and esophagus in the abdominal cavity. There were no cases of mortality. Complications after surgery were observed in older patients who were associated with concomitant pathology. The patients were examined within 10 to 18 months after surgery; in both groups, several cases of relapses and complications were recorded. In percentage terms, these data are as follows: during cardioterespexia surgery, the recurrence rate was 3.7%, signs of esophagitis were observed in 18%, cardia insufficiency was observed in 11.1%, signs of GER were in 11.1%, while in patients, of those operated on according to the Nissen–Rosetti technique, similar indicators were somewhat different: the percentage of relapse was 6.25%, signs of esophagitis were observed in 18.75%, cardiac insufficiency was observed in 18.75%, signs of GER were also in 18.75%. The results obtained indicate a good efficiency of cardiopexy with the round ligament of the liver, and a lower percentage of recurrence and complications in comparison with the Nissen– Rosetti technique (18.7%). The authors see the expediency of using the cardioterespexia technique in clinical practice both in the classical version and subject to its further improvement, which consists in increasing the mechanical properties of the round ligament of the liver and performing this operation by laparoscopic access.

A Lithium-Ion Storage Battery Life Monitoring System

Practical implementation of a service life monitoring system for a large number of same-type lithium-ion storage batteries is considered. The purpose of the system is to timely produce an alarm when each battery exhausts its service life. Once the system produces this alarm, the spent battery should be replaced by a new one. The system includes dedicated chargers, storage batteries, and special devices in the form of service testers. The system operation principle is based on calculating the total charge transferred through the battery since the time of its manufacture. The charge is metered by means of chargers used to charge the batteries. The information about the transferred charge is stored in the memory of a microcontroller installed on a small printed circuit board, which is built into the case of each battery during its manufacture. When the total charge transferred by the battery reaches a predetermined threshold, a service life exhaustion signal is produced. Such battery should be taken out of service and replaced by a new one. The total charge threshold value is calculated in advance based on the data specified by the manufacturer in the battery cell data sheet. The service tester reads out the transferred charge value from the battery microcontroller memory and indicates the remaining battery life in percentage terms. The proposed system is relatively simple and cheap; it has accuracy sufficient for practical use and has proven its high reliability and efficiency in being used with real equipment.

Quantifying risks avoided by limiting global warming to 1.5 or 2 °C above pre-industrial levels

The Paris Agreement aims to constrain global warming to ‘well below 2 °C’ and to ‘pursue efforts’ to limit it to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels. We quantify global and regional risk-related metrics associated with these levels of warming that capture climate change–related changes in exposure to water scarcity and heat stress, vector-borne disease, coastal and fluvial flooding and projected impacts on agriculture and the economy, allowing for uncertainties in regional climate projection. Risk-related metrics associated with 2 °C warming, depending on sector, are reduced by 10–44% globally if warming is further reduced to 1.5 °C. Comparing with a baseline in which warming of 3.66 °C occurs by 2100, constraining warming to 1.5 °C reduces these risk indicators globally by 32–85%, and constraining warming to 2 °C reduces them by 26–74%. In percentage terms, avoided risk is highest for fluvial flooding, drought, and heat stress, but in absolute terms risk reduction is greatest for drought. Although water stress decreases in some regions, it is often accompanied by additional exposure to flooding. The magnitude of the percentage of damage avoided is similar to that calculated for avoided global economic risk associated with these same climate change scenarios. We also identify West Africa, India and North America as hotspots of climate change risk in the future.

Hospital outcomes in patients evaluated by rheumatology in a Colombian historical cohort

IntroductionHospitalized patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) generate high impact in clinical terms. ObjectivesTo characterize the study population and estimate risk factors associated with the presence of adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients consulting rheumatology at Clínica Imbanaco between January 2013 and December 2019. MethodsWe analyzed a historical cohort of hospitalized patients who were evaluated by rheumatology. The population was classified as follows: group 1, patients with new onset diagnosed SARDs; group 2, patients with known diagnosed SARDs; group 3, patients without diagnosed SARDs; and group 4, patients with unconfirmed suspicion of SARDs. A composite adverse outcome was defined if at least one of the following occurred: (1) hospital mortality, (2) admission to the intensive care unit, (3) hospital infection, or (4) readmission. ResultsInformation was collected from 327 hospitalization events (307 patients). The median age was 48 (34−63) years and 222 (72.3%) were women. The composite adverse outcome occurred in 136 (41.5%) hospitalization events. Group 2 had the highest number of adverse outcomes (61/128; 47.6%). The variables associated with the worst outcomes were cardiovascular diagnosis at admission (OR = 4.63; CI: 1.60−13.43; p = 0.005), longer hospital stay (OR = 1.04; CI: 1.01−1.07; p = 0.005), and a treating specialty other than internal medicine (OR = 2.79; CI: 1.26−6.17; p = 0.011). Male sex (OR = 0.29; CI: 0.12–0.66; p = 0.004), having special health coverage (OR = 0.39; CI: 0.15–.099; p = 0.047), and hemoglobin > 11.4 g/dL (OR = 0.82; CI: 0.69–0.99; p = 0.039) were the factors associated with lower odds of developing the composite outcome. ConclusionsIn this historical cohort, the group of patients with known diagnosed SARDs presented a higher number in percentage terms of adverse outcomes. The most frequent adverse outcomes were admission to the ICU and hospital readmission.

Summer‐Winter Contrast in the Response of Precipitation Extremes to Climate Change Over Northern Hemisphere Land

AbstractClimate models project a distinct seasonality to future changes in daily extreme precipitation. In particular, models project that over land in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere the summer response is substantially weaker than the winter response in percentage terms. Here we decompose the projected response into thermodynamic and dynamic contributions and show that the seasonal contrast arises due to a negative dynamic contribution in northern summer, and a positive dynamic contribution and an anomalously strong thermodynamic contribution in northern winter. The negative dynamic contribution in northern summer is due to weakened ascent and is strongly correlated with decreases in mean near‐surface relative humidity. Finally, we show that the summer‐winter contrast is also evident in observed trends of daily precipitation extremes in northern midlatitudes, which provides support for the contrast found in climate‐model simulations.

Stereochemical dependence of substituent γ-effects in the 19 F NMR shielding constants.

The substituent α-, β-, and γ-effects of the elements of the second and third periods on 19 F NMR chemical shifts are evaluated including the establishment of stereochemical dependence of γ-effect, the latter particularly important in stereochemical studies of fluorine-containing compounds. Benchmark calculations performed for a series of 32 simple inorganic fluorine-containing molecules demonstrated a markedly good correlation between calculated and experimental fluorine chemical shifts characterized by a mean absolute error of 22.5ppm in the range of about 900 ppm, which corresponds to a 2.5% error in the percentage terms.

PLATELET AGGREGATION IN PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AND SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME

Platelets play a special role in the systemic inflammatory response syndrome, as they acquire the ability to become activated and aggregate. Literature has no direct evidence of a link between platelet aggregation activity and the severity of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
 The aim of the paper is to study platelet aggregation in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
 Materials and Methods. Spontaneous and induced by ADP (0.1, 1.0 and 5.0 ml) platelet aggregation was determined by Born turbodynamic method. The study enrolled 27 patients with severe and 33 patients with indolent systemic inflammatory response syndrome Spontaneous and induced by ADP (0.1 and 1.0 ml) platelet aggregation was evaluated in absorbance units (a.u.); platelet aggregation induced by 5.0 ml of ADP was measured in percentage terms. Statistica 10 was used to process the results. Discrepancy tests were used to determine the significance of differences of mean values; McNemar’s test and Fisher’s exact test were used to estimate event rate, p<0.05.
 Results. In Group 1 spontaneous and induced by ADP (0.1, 1.0 and 5 ml) platelet aggregation was 0.85–2.65 (1.210.1) a.u., 0.81–3.67 (3.030.38) a.u., 1.06–6.25 (6.50.51) a.u., 5–66 % (39.53.6); in Group 2 – 0.84–1.36 (1.10.04) a.u., 0.77–2.49 (2.10.26) a.u., 0.64–5.49 (2.200.08) a.u., 8–66 (35.74.14) %, respectively. Frequency of spontaneous and induced by ADP (0.1, 1.0 and 5 ml) platelet hypoaggregation in Groups 1 and 2 was 33.3 % and 27.3 %; 14.8 % and 24.2 %; 0 % and 39.4 %; 14.8 % and 24.2 %, respectively; frequency of hyperaggregation was 14.8 % and 0 %; 11.1 % and 9.1 %; 29.6 % and 0 %; 0 % and 0 %, respectively.
 Conclusion. Platelet aggregation activity in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis is determined by the severity of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. A pronounced systemic inflammatory response syndrome is associated with increased spontaneous and induced by ADP (1.0 ml) platelet aggregation in 14.8 % and 29.6 % of cases, respectively.

Analysis of methods for environmental assessment of urban project solutions

The unfavorable ecological situation in cities and the need for ecological assessment of urban space are considered. The determination of the environmental assessment method is done. The existing methods for assessing the environmental friendliness of urban planning solutions have been studied. Evaluation categories of standards in percentage terms are analyzed. Features and priority areas of rating systems are identified. The author's concept of ecological assessment of urban areas is proposed. To achieve the greatest environmental friendliness of the urban space, a number of sustainable solutions should be laid in the system of the whole city (at the macro level), followed by the development of ecosolutions for individual sections (meso, microlevels), which must be more clearly defined in the emerging Russian standards.

Murmansk Region as a Center of Attraction for Chinese Tourism in the Russian Federation

Chinese tourism to Russia showed an overall positive trend right up to the introduction of significant international travel restrictions in 2020. In addition to the regions traditionally popular among Chinese travelers, in recent years such centers have begun to stand out, in which the growth rate of the PRC’s tourist presence in percentage terms is significantly ahead of the all-Russian level. One of these regions is the Murmansk region. Given the fact that China has enough resources and leverage to use international tourism as a tool to achieve foreign policy goals, a substantive consideration of the success of the Murmansk region as a center of attraction for Chinese tourism in the Russian Federation is a prerequisite for understanding the nature of the phenomenon.

Exploring the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Algeria's Energy Used and Climate Change Based on Olduvai Theory

The Death of Industrial Civilization explains how the contemporary ecological crisis within industrial society is caused by the values inherent in unlimited economic growth and competitive materialism. It demonstrates the central role and importance of electricity, and what policy makers need to do in order to ensure that current and future systems remain reliable even as they are transformed by the rise of clean energy technologies. The novel COVID19 pandemic has created an unprecedented global health and economic crisis. The result of such a scenario is that energy demand contracts by 6%, the largest in 70 years in percentage terms and the largest ever in absolute terms. The impact of Covid19 on energy demand in 2020 would be more than seven times larger than the impact of the 2008 financial crisis on global energy demand and this is what the Olduvai theory is defined by e=energy production/population. It states that the life expectancy of Industrial Civilization is less than or equal to 100 years.

Complete blood count interpretation

A complete blood count (CBC) is one of the most frequently prescribed tests that allows studying the qualitative and quantitative composition of blood. Sometimes it is also called a general blood test. Previously, this analysis was carried out manually, and the number of studied characteristics was usually limited to 5–7 parameters. At the present stage, this analysis is increasingly carried out using automatic or semi-automatic hematological analyzers, and the number of studied parameters has increased to 24. During the interpretation of this test, an assessment of the main characteristics of erythrocytes and their specific indicators (red cell indices: MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW), leukocytes and their varieties in percentage terms (white blood cell count), and platelets with a platelet index is made, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is determined. This test is used to diagnose and control the treatment of many diseases, and in some cases, it plays an essential role in the correct diagnosis.

Analysis of inventions, products, technologies and equipment for the extrusion process of plant raw material

The article deals with the theoretical foundations of the extrusion process. Food extrusion can be defined as the process of mixing, homogenizing and shaping low moisture food materials and more recently high moisture food materials into intermediate or finished products by forcing them through a specially designed die. The word "extrude" comes from the Latin words "ex" (to come out) and "trudere" (to push out). Food extrusion is a state of the art high temperature short time cooking process with several other single operations such as kneading, heating, mixing and shaping in one unit. Food extrusion processing is widely used to restructure starch and protein-based food materials to produce a variety of ready-to-eat breakfast cereals: bread substitutes and pet food. The general technology for the production of extruded food products and the type of a single-screw food extruder are given. The purpose of the study was to systematize and analyze patent data on the extrusion process in the food industry. The study analyzed, systematized and summarized 79 patents on equipment, technology and products using the extrusion process. It was revealed that 46.8% of applicants are located on the territory of the Russian Federation, in 50.6% of patent documents, grain and flour is used as vegetable raw materials. The maximum number of patents were issued in 2016. The technology of products that are themselves or raw materials subjected to the extrusion process has the greatest weight in percentage terms.

The Effect of Big Toe Strength Development on Some Athletic Performance Parameter in Young Male Footballers

Aim: To examine the development of strength exercises for the big toe in young football players and to examine the effect of this development on the athletic performance parameters (vertical jump, contact, dynamic balance) we determined. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 24 individuals, 12 experimental and 12 control groups, who played active football between the ages of 12-14. To the control and experimental group; big toe strength (BTS), vertical jump, tapping, dynamic balance tests were applied as pretest and posttest. BTS exercise was performed on the platform developed to improve the strength of the big toe, 3 days a week for 8 weeks, along with football training, in the experimental group. The control group continued football training for 8 weeks. Since the experimental and control groups of the study showed a normal distribution, it was checked whether the pretest scores of the groups were statistically different, and whether the pretest and post-test values of the experimental and control groups differed in percentage terms with the independent sample t-test. In the analysis of all hypothesis tests, the level of significance was evaluated by taking p<0.05 Results: In the 8-week strength exercise we have done to the participants in the experimental group of our study, we see that the BTS scores have increased at the level of significance compared to the control group. This development shows a positive improvement in all anaerobic athletic performance scores. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study shows that BTS development is positively related to athletic performance parameters. Keywords: Football, Big Toe, Athletic Performance, Training Science, Exercise

RedoxiFluor: A microplate technique to quantify target-specific protein thiol redox state in relative percentage and molar terms

Unravelling how reactive oxygen species regulate fundamental biological processes is hampered by the lack of an accessible microplate technique to quantify target-specific protein thiol redox state in percentages and moles. To meet this unmet need, we present RedoxiFluor. RedoxiFluor uses two spectrally distinct thiol-reactive fluorescent conjugated reporters, a capture antibody, detector antibody and a standard curve to quantify target-specific protein thiol redox state in relative percentage and molar terms. RedoxiFluor can operate in global mode to assess the redox state of the bulk thiol proteome and can simultaneously assess the redox state of multiple targets in array mode. Extensive proof-of-principle experiments robustly validate the assay principle and the value of each RedoxiFluor mode in diverse biological contexts. In particular, array mode RedoxiFluor shows that the response of redox-regulated phosphatases to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) differs in human monocytes. Specifically, LPS increased PP2A-, SHP1-, PTP1B-, and CD45-specific reversible thiol oxidation without changing the redox state of calcineurin, PTEN, and SHP2. The relative percentage and molar terms are interpretationally useful and define the most complete and extensive microplate redox analysis achieved to date. RedoxiFluor is a new antibody technology with the power to quantify relative target-specific protein thiol redox state in percentages and moles relative to the bulk thiol proteome and selected other targets in a widely accessible, simple and easily implementable microplate format.

Influência de um ano académico atípico nos níveis de atividade física de alunos de Fisioterapia do 1º ano

Introduction: Portugal is one of the European Union countries with the lowest rate of Physical Activity (PA), with only 40% of the population being active. During the university period, there is a coincidence of increased autonomy and decision-making among students, and changes in life habits, usually associated with a decrease in PA practice. In percentage terms, 30% of university students are considered physically inactive. There are few studies on PA levels in higher education students, namely in the Physiotherapy course, and even less that relate this topic to the imposed containment measures, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: Description and comparison of the PA levels of students enrolled in the 1st year of a Physiotherapy Degree, in the academic year 2019/2020. Understand if there are differences in the practice of PA, at different times of the school year, one of which is the lockdown period. Methods: Data were collected using the “International Physical Activity Questionnaire” (IPAQ). It was shared in 3 moments (academic period without evaluations, exam period and lockdown), being a longitudinal study. Results: Physiotherapy students seem to be active regarding the parameter of PA frequency. With the lockdown, there was an increase in the level of PA in 20% of students compared to the school period without assessments, with 14.3% being raised to a high level of PA. The high percentage of students (42.9%) who maintained a high PA level should be highlighted. There was a significant difference from the 1st to the 2nd moment, at the IPAQ level, with a decrease in PA (p = 0.03) with the exam period. Discussion: In the exams period, although the workload is less, there seems to have been a decrease in PA levels. In the lockdown, aspects are presumed to have been removed, which in a normal situation would compromise the practice of PA, leading to better results in some of the variables. The lockdown doesn’t appear to have had a negative impact on PA. Conclusion: The objective of this study was achieved, establishing a starting point for the assessment of PA levels, in university students, in the period of COVID-19. As the sample is composed of future health professionals, it’s important that they be the first to adopt an active lifestyle, thus promoting it.

Sweating the energy bill: Extreme weather, poor households, and the energy spending gap

We estimate the relationship between temperature and energy spending for both low and higher-income U.S. households. We find both groups respond similarly (in percentage terms) to moderate temperatures, but low-income households’ energy spending is half as responsive to extreme temperatures. Consistent with low-income households cutting back on necessities to afford their energy bills, we find similar disparities in the food spending response to extreme temperature. These results suggest adaptation to extreme weather, such as air conditioning use, is prohibitively costly for households experiencing poverty.

Pengaruh Perputaran Kas, Perputaran Piutang Dan Perputaran Modal Kerja Terhadap Rentabilitas Pada PT Wijaya Karya

Economic rentability is the achievement achieved by a company expressed in percentage terms, after being compared between the results obtained with the capital used. In addition to increasing economic rentability, there are still other factors that are no less important to pay attention to companies in assessing the level of efficiency of the company, among others, judging from the rate of cash turnover, receivable turnover and working capital turnover. This research aims to find out the effect of cash turnover, receivable turnover and working capital turnover on economic rentability both partially and simultaneously on PT. Wijaya Karya (Persero) Tbk. The research method used by researchers is descriptive quantitative by using data from financial statements of PT. Wijaya Karya (Persero) Tbk. Based on the results of research conducted it can be known that partially variable cash turnover and working capital turnover do not have a significant effect on economic rentability, and partial receivable turnover has a significant effect on economic rentability. Simultaneously variable cash turnover, receivable turnover and working capital turnover have a significant effect on economic rentability.