Percentage Growth Rate Research Articles

Role of Artificial Intelligence in Construction Project Management

The construction sector occupies one of the major roles within the global economy, and 13% of world GDP currently comes from this industry. It is also expected to expand by 85%, to a value of $15.5 billion by 2030, with demand in China, the United States, and India acting as the major drives. The growth notwithstanding, the sector has been confronting serious problems with regard to arranging and disseminating large quantities of information among subcontractors, contractors, designers, clients, and other stakeholders with efficiency. Information Technology has emerged as a key enabler, thereby integrating scattered data across geographically dispersed projects, transforming the construction value chain. Artificial Intelligence accelerates this change, and the increasing investment demonstrates the possibility of boosting workforce productivity by 40 percent and doubling economic growth rates annually by 2035. This paper discusses the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Construction Project Management (CPM) and reviews methodologies and applications that have been advanced for the improvement of efficiency and decision-making in the industry. The construction industry is bound to mark a tremendous change by the implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI), redefining conventional processes and opening up innovation and productivity to new heights.

A Comparative Growth Trend Study of Tomato in Jaipur and Sirohi District of Rajasthan, India

Tomato (Licopersicon esculentum) is an important crop that contributes economically and significantly to horticulture production. T The study was conducted for the period of 12 year in Jaipur and Sirohi districts of Rajasthan to analyze the growth rate in area, production, and productivity from 2010-11 to 2021-22. (Department of Horticulture, Government of Rajasthan-2022-23). For analyzing the trend in area production and productivity of tomatoes in Jaipur and Sirohi district, and Rajasthan state the following linear, semi-log, and exponential functions were tested. The tested model were selected based on high R2 (Coefficient of determination) and the best-fit function was used for the result discussion. Semi-log function was best function for the area, production and productivity of Rajasthan. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for area of Rajasthan was found 1.76 percent, with 0.46 R2. The production and productivity show 9.91 and 8.15 percent growth rate. The semi-log function was also best fit the area and production of Tomato in Jaipur district with 4.58 and 15.94 percent annual growth respectively. The linear function was fitted for the productivity that shows 17.20 percent CAGR with 0.39 percent R2. The area of tomato in Sirohi district shows highest fluctuation due to this an exponential function was shows poor fits for calculate the growth rate this function shows 0.01 percent compound annual growth rate. The exponential function was best fit for the production and productivity with 0.41 and 0.31 R2 respectively. The exponential function show 11.24 percent growth rate, which was significant at 5 percent level. The productivity show 12.25 percent compound annual growth rate with 10 percent level of significance. Thus the productivity shows highest compound annual growth rate followed by Production and area in Jaipur and Sirohi district of Rajasthan, while in Rajasthan, production shows highest growth rate followed by productivity and area. According to the findings, the result suggest for the introduction of high yield varieties of tomato may increase the productivity in Rajasthan.

Pengaruh Suhu Awal Air dan Lama Perendaman terhadap Viabilitas dan Vigoritas Benih Bunga Gumitir (Tagetes erecta L.)

The effect of the Initial Temperature of the Water and the soaking time on Viability and Vigority of Marigold Flower Seeds (Tagetes erecta L.). Marigold is a floral ornamental plant, which is potentially marketed in Indonesia especially in Bali. Marigold is multiplied through seeds, so the quality of seeds is highly observed. An uneven flare and a low flare power can affect the growth of marigold. This research aims to find out the initial temperature, the soaking time and interaction influences the viability and vigor of the flower seed. The research began in August-October 2023, which is located at the Laboratory of Plant ?reeding and Seed Technology, Agroecology Studies Program, Faculty of Agriculture University of Udayana. This research used a Completely Randomized Factorial Design, namely the initial temperature treatment consisted of 3 levels (30?, 40?, 50?), and the soaking time consisted of 4 levels (30, 60, 90 and 120) minutes. The results of the study showed a significant interaction influencing the viability and vigor of marigold seeds, where the initial temperature of 40°C with 30 minutes of immersion is the best interaction, with germination percentage (86%), maximum potential growth rate (92%), simultaneous growth (75.33%), the percentage growth rate (11.61%/etmal) and seed vigor indeks (5199,47).

Domestic Credit Growth Analysis using ARIMA Technique: A Case Study of Kenya

The aim of this paper is to technically analyze domestic credit growth in Kenya using the Box -Jenkin framework. Box -Jenkin technique uses ARIMA model, which is used to understand time series data and forecast future values of the observed data for a given period. The framework involves three iterative step to develop a model The first step involves model parameter identification. Unit root test show that domestic credit is stationary after the first difference. The ACF and PACF indicates cut off at lag zero in both cases. There are seasonal component in the ARIMA model. In the second step of model estimation, ARIMA(2,1,2)(1; 0; 0)12 is obtained as the best fit for the sample period under consideration. Model diagnostics test in the third step, proves that there ARIMA modeling assumptions are met. The estimated model is used to forecast credit growth for the next twelve monthly values in year 2024 upto December. The estimated model projects an increase trend in domestic credit growth for the year 2024, with the percentage growth rate ranging between 1.045 to 1.230 percent. The expected domestic credit value in December 2024 is yellow is highly likely to hit Kenya shilling 8.039 Trillions mark. Kenya government should put in place monetary policy that favors bank credit growth and competition in the banking sector.

Growth speed of large brain metastases between diagnostic and radiosurgical planning MRI and predictors of rapid tumor growth

PurposeWe aimed to assess volumetric changes of large brain metastases (≥ 2 cm) between their diagnosis and planning for treatment with fractionated stereotactic radiation surgery (fSRS). Predictors of rapid tumor growth were also analyzed.Materials and methodsOne hundred nine patients harboring 126 large brain metastases were retrospectively evaluated. Tumor characteristics were evaluated on diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) and MRI performed when planning fSRS (pMRI). Average tumor growth rate and percentage growth rate were calculated. Predictors of rapid growth (percentage growth rate > 5%) were determined using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsBoth tumor diameter and volume were significantly larger on pMRI than on dMRI (P < 0.001). Median tumor percentage growth rate was 2.6% (range, − 10.8–43.3%). Eighty-eight tumors (70%) were slow-growing (percentage growth rate < 5%) and 38 (30%) grew rapidly (percentage growth rate ≥ 5%). Major peritumoral edema and no steroids were predictors of rapid tumor growth.ConclusionLarge brain metastases can grow considerably between the time of diagnosis and the time of fSRS treatment planning. We recommend the time between dMRI and fSRS treatment initiation be as short as possible.

Ecosystem-based fishery enhancement through pen culture of Indian major carp Labeo catla in a tropical floodplain wetland of North Eastern Region, India, during COVID pandemic.

The present study was conducted with the objective of developing ecologically and economically feasible pen culture protocols for Labeo catla as an alternate income source for wetland fishers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Yearlings of L. catla (12.33 ± 1.99 cm mean total length and 26.05 ± 6.57 g mean weight) were reared in HDPE pens (500 m2 area each) at three different stocking densities of 3 (SD3), 6 (SD6) and 9 (SD9) no. m-2 in triplicates. Fishes were fed with floating pelleted feed containing 28% crude protein and 5% crude lipid two times daily at 1.5-3% of body weight. During the culture period, fish grew from 26.05 ± 6.57 to 434.61 ± 30.63 g, 306.13 ± 10.68 g and 221.13 ± 14.92 g, respectively, at stocking densities of 3, 6 and 9 no. m-2 respectively. Weight gain percentage and specific growth rate declined with increase in stocking density. Gross fish yield increased with increase in stocking density and was highest at SD9 (657.92 ± 53.55 kg pen-1), while net fish yield increased initially from SD3 to SD6 (594.31 ± 29.72 kg pen-1) and then declined with further increase in stocking density. Important water quality parameters influencing fish growth were measured, and significant difference (p > 0.05) was not observed between treatments (inside pens) and reference site (outside pen at 10-m distance). Weight gain was positively correlated (p < 0.05) to water temperature (r = 0.989) and total phosphorus (r = 0.81). Benefit cost ratio and net return was highest at SD3 (1.61; US $518.88, respectively). Stocking density of 3 no. m-2 can be considered economically feasible for table fish production of L. catla in pens. Post pen culture, monthly income of fishers increased by 10.76-179.11%, with a mean increase of 90.57%, compared to the period of first COVID-19 wave in India. The present findings can provide an impetus for effective utilization of pen enclosures for income generation and livelihood enhancement of small-scale wetland fishers during pandemic.

Spatial Distribution of Population in Nepal: On the Basis of 2078 Census

The indicators of population change, which would affect distribution, include birth rate, death rate, immigration, and emigration. Significant adjustments to any of these indicators can alter how a population is distributed. The general patterns to the distribution of a population are known as spatial distribution patterns. Spatial distribution patterns can be uniform, random, or clumped. Additionally, population distribution is affected by population density, which is the number of individuals within a given area. This paper based on the major aspects of population changes i.e. size, growth and distribution of population in Nepal and based on censuses data over time. Population size and growth rate has been increasing over the time. It has rapidly increased since 1961—2011. In 2021 census, total population are 29.1 million, which is an increase of 10.1 million when compared to 26.4 million population recorded in 2011 census with an average annual growth rate of 0.93 percent (2021) lower than 1.35 percent growth rate reported in 2011 census. Tarai accounts 53.6 percent of the total population with percentage of average annual growth rate 1.56. By province level, Madhesh province holds more than twenty percent of the population of the country (i.e. 20.99 %) and an average annual growth rate 1.20 percent. It may be due to the inclusion Tarai in this region. The highest population growth rate is found in Bhaktapur district (3.32 %) and while the least is in Ramechhap (- 1.65 %). Overall the current dramatic decline in the population growth rate may be attributed to the absence heavy cause behind migration in various reasons.

Uji Potensi Mikrob Rizosfer sebagai Pengendali Hayati Penyebab Penyakit Tanaman

Biological control is an alternative to reducing the use of pesticides because it can suppress the growth of plant pathogens and has no negative impact on the environment. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of rhizosphere microbes as biological controllers that cause plant diseases. This study contains three rhizosphere microbes (Trichoderma sp., Gliocladium sp., Bacillus sp.) and three pathogenic test fungi (Rhizoctonia sp., Sclerotium sp., Botryodiplodia sp.) were used. This study was divided into three experiments, namely (1) an in vitro antagonist test, (2) a secondary metabolite test, and (3) a growth test on sengon seeds (in vivo). The parameters measured were percentage inhibition, germination rate, growth rate, disease incidence, and disease intensity. The fungus Trichoderma sp. and Gliocladium sp. can inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi Sclerotium sp., Rhizoctonia sp., and Botryodiplodia sp. ranging from 61.82% to 80.00%. Secondary metabolites of the fungus Gliocladium sp. are more able to inhibit the mycelia growth of pathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia sp., Sclerotium sp., and Botryodiplodia sp. compared to the fungus Trichoderma sp. with inhibition values were 71.13%, 33.83%, 23.58%, respectively. Gliocladium sp., Trichoderma sp., and Bacillus sp. can suppress disease incidence (14.29%, 12.38%, and 15.24%) and intensity of damping-off attacks caused by Rhizoctonia sp. (8.91%, 8.57%, and 9.43%). This shows that biological agents have the potential to control plant diseases&#x0D; Keywords: Bacillus aereus, damping-off, secondary metabolites, Trichoderma

Growth Performance of Critically Endangered Hypselobarbus pulchellus in Biofloc Systems with Various C/N Ratios

Background: Biofloc technology relies on adding a carbon source to maintain optimal carbon to nitrogen ratio for transforming the waste into microbial biomass that aquatic animals can use. In the present study, the growth performance of the critically endangered Hypselobarbus pulchellus in biofloc-based seed rearing with different Carbon to Nitrogen ratio was studied. Methods: Healthy early fry (0.01 g) was randomly stocked into 15 circular FRP tanks (1000 L) at a density of 100 individuals/m3 and reared for 90 days. The carbon to nitrogen ratios of 5:1(CN5), 10:1(CN10), 15:1(CN15) and 20:1(CN20) were maintained using jaggery without considering carbon content derived from the feed and the control group received no additional source of carbon. Result: The results indicated that H. pulchellus had better growth performance in biofloc systems having higher C/N ratios. The highest weight gain (0.48±0.01 g) and weight gain percentage (3931.15±120.68%) and specific growth rate (4.11±0.03% per day) were found in the CN10 group (P less than 0.05), followed by CN15 and CN20, while the control group values were lowest. In terms of survival, all treatments had high survival rates ranging from 92% to 94.67%, with no significant variations (P greater than 0.05). The CN10, CN15 and CN20 treatments had significantly higher amylase, protease and lipase activities than control (P less than 0.05). Moreover, the immunological and antioxidant activity increased with CN ratios. The CN10, CN15 and CN20 groups had significantly lower total ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and nitrate levels than control group (P less than 0.05). Overall, this study suggests that C/N ratios of 10:1 to 20:1 are optimal for rearing H. pulchellus fingerlings from early fry, with 10:1 presenting the best growth results.

Recombinant Human Thrombopoietin Combined with Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists Can Facilitate the Recovery of Platelet after Allogeneic HSCT

Introduction:Thrombocytopenia is a common complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and is strongly associated with transplant-related morbidity and mortality. According to the statistics, the incidence of post-HSCT thrombocytopenia is about 5%-37%. So far, there is no standard treatment regimen for thrombocytopenia after HSCT. Recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) can act on megakaryocytes alone and has been wildly used in clinical practice. Thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs), another type of drugs that can increase platelet count, has been available since 2008. It can bind to the TPO receptor and cause the conformational change of the receptor, and then activate the JAK2/STATE5 pathway to increase the proliferation of megakaryocyte progenitors and platelet production. There have been many prospective or retrospective studies discussing the efficacy and safety of rhTPO and TPO-RAs monotherapy in patients with thrombocytopenia. In clinical practice, it is very meaningful to clarify whether the combination of two types of drugs has a synergistic effect when one type of drug has poor efficacy. M ethods This study is a retrospective study in total 12 patients from 2022 to 2023. We selected a total of 6 patients who underwent HSCT in our center during the past year, and used rhTPO combined with avatrombopag to help platelet recovery as observation group. Then, 6 patients treated with rhTPO alone with no statistical difference at baseline were selected as the control group. The basic characteristics of these patients are shown in the table1. All the patients were informed and consented to use rhTPO+TPO-RA (avatrombopag) or rhTPO alone. If platelet count &amp;lt;20×10 9/L during treatment，which will be treated with platelet infusion. All the patients were treated with a modified BUCY regimen as the conditioning regimen and ATG+MMF+cyclosporine+short-range MTX were used to prevent graft vs host disease (GVHD). In observation group, the patients were treated with rhTPO 15000U qd i.m and avatrombopag 40mg qd po, while in control group the patients were treated with rhTPO 15000U qd i.m alone. We recorded the platelet counts of the two groups at day0,7,14,21. Based on this data, the percentage increase and growth rate of platelets were calculated. (the percentage increase: difference in platelet count before and after medication/platelet count before medication ×100%; the growth rate: difference in platelet count before and after medication/duration of medication.) The above two values were used to evaluated the efficacy of two treatment protocols. Adverse events occurred during treatment including fever, weakness, liver damage, joint pain, bleeding and thrombosis would be recorded to evaluate the safety. Results In observation group, patients' platelet counts increased by an average was 54×10 9/L (range 40 to 69). In control group, the average and median increase in their platelet counts was 22 (range -2 to 49). P=0.025 (P&amp;lt;0.05). In terms of the percentage increase in platelet count, the average increase was 452% in observation group VS. 110% in control group. p=0.022(P&amp;lt;0.05). Refer to Figure1a. The average growth rates of platelet counts in observation group were 2.03×10 9/L per day. The averagerate of increase in control group were 1.07×109/L per day. P=0.041(P&amp;lt;0.05). The mean platelet count of the two groups at various time points were shown in Figure1b. None of the patients had any adverse events occurred. No patient developed clinical meaningful abnormality of liver function and discontinued avatrombopag or TPO treatment due to intolerability and adverse effects. Conclusion Our data shows that the treatment protocol of avatrombopag combined with rhTPO may have a greater effect on platelet growth and boost a faster platelet growth rate. Importantly, no additional adverse effects occurred when the addition of avatrombopag.

Life Cycle Assessment Research Trends and Implications: A Bibliometric Analysis

Acknowledging the importance of sustainability and implementing measures to achieve the UN’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030 represent a holistic approach to promoting peace and prosperity for the planet and its inhabitants. LCA is a valuable tool for organisations to enhance sustainability and reduce environmental impact. There has been a notable increase in LCA research subjects, indicating a recognition of its significance in promoting sustainability. The field has experienced a significant expansion in the past decade, with a 30% annual percent growth rate in LCA publications since 2010. In the most recent 4 years alone, 47% of all LCA publications since 1991 were produced. This paper presents a comprehensive review of LCA research from 1991 to 2022, with a specific focus on the period from 2019 to 2022. The study identifies research avenues and trends in LCA research using diverse bibliometric analysis techniques alongside content examination and the SciVal topic clusters prominence indicator. This comprehensive approach reveals evolving trends, such as an increased emphasis on practical applications for global sustainability goals, LCA’s expansion into bio-based materials due to plastic pollution concerns, and quantification of circular economy benefits in solid waste management. Moreover, deeper exploration of energy-related sustainability aspects and the integration of LCA into early product development for eco-conscious design are observed. These trends signify widespread LCA adoption across industries to address energy and design-related sustainability challenges. The study acknowledges interdisciplinary collaboration among researchers, industry, and governments, shaping a robust LCA research landscape. China’s heightened contributions as a leading contributor to the field have reshaped the global LCA landscape mirrored in the evolving prominence of journals, institutes, and funding organisations.

A systematic review of progress on hepatocellular carcinoma research over the past 30 years: a machine-learning-based bibliometric analysis.

Research on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has grown significantly, and researchers cannot access the vast amount of literature. This study aimed to explore the research progress in studying HCC over the past 30 years using a machine learning-based bibliometric analysis and to suggest future research directions. Comprehensive research was conducted between 1991 and 2020 in the public version of the PubMed database using the MeSH term "hepatocellular carcinoma." The complete records of the collected results were downloaded in Extensible Markup Language format, and the metadata of each publication, such as the publication year, the type of research, the corresponding author's country, the title, the abstract, and the MeSH terms, were analyzed. We adopted a latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling method on the Python platform to analyze the research topics of the scientific publications. In the last 30 years, there has been significant and constant growth in the annual publications about HCC (annual percentage growth rate: 7.34%). Overall, 62,856 articles related to HCC from the past 30 years were searched and finally included in this study. Among the diagnosis-related terms, "Liver Cirrhosis" was the most studied. However, in the 2010s, "Biomarkers, Tumor" began to outpace "Liver Cirrhosis." Regarding the treatment-related MeSH terms, "Hepatectomy" was the most studied; however, recent studies related to "Antineoplastic Agents" showed a tendency to supersede hepatectomy. Regarding basic research, the study of "Cell Lines, Tumors,'' appeared after 2000 and has been the most studied among these terms. This was the first machine learning-based bibliometric study to analyze more than 60,000 publications about HCC over the past 30 years. Despite significant efforts in analyzing the literature on basic research, its connection with the clinical field is still lacking. Therefore, more efforts are needed to convert and apply basic research results to clinical treatment. Additionally, it was found that microRNAs have potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for HCC.

Does Financial Development Enhance Economic Growth? The Case of Turkic Countries

In this study, we investigate whether financial development enhances economic growth in Turkic countries, namely, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Türkiye from 1995 to 2017. The financial development index is obtained from the International Monetary Fund to proxy for the level of financial development. The index shows the level of development of financial institutions and financial markets in terms of depth, access, and efficiency. The annual percentage growth rate of GDP per capita based on constant local currency is taken as an indicator of economic growth. The main result of the analysis shows that there is a positive relationship between financial development and economic growth. The result is robust using random effect regression, adding inflation, and including Banking Z Score. However, the main impact can be seen in the financial institution instead of the financial market proxy. The results support the supply-leading hypothesis for the economies of four Turkic countries.

Effect of different probiotics on the growth performance of broiler chicken

The study was conducted from December 15, 2019 to January 26, 2020 at College of Agriculture and Forestry, Apayao State College, Cubet-Malama, Conner, Apayao, Philippines aimed to evaluate the effect of different probiotics on the growth performance of broiler chicken, specifically on the initial and weekly body weight, gain in weight, percentage rate of growth, feed consumption, dressing percentage and feed conversion ratio and efficiency, using T1- pure Water, T2 – commercial probiotics, T3 – effective microorganism, and T4 – fermented fruit juice as water additive. The experiment was laid out using the Completely Randomized Design. The probiotics and the fermented fruit juice did not show any significant effect on the growth performance of broiler chicken on body weight, gain in weight, percentage rate of growth, feed consumption, water consumption and feed conversion ratio and efficiency. The percentage livability of Treatments 1, 3, and 4 was still impressive since the standard of 5% mortality rate was not reached, which implies that the used of commercial probiotics and fermented fruit Juice or organic acids affects immunity. On the income over feed, additive and chick cost, the use of fermented fruit juice had the potential to improve the growth performance of broiler chicken in the sense that it was comparable with the effective microorganism and commercial probiotics as exhibited in the body weights, feed and water consumption, gain in weight, percentage rate of growth and feed conversion ratio and efficiency. Therefore, the use of probiotics and fermented fruit juice from banana are safe in raising broiler chicken for table meat, and it is recommended to use in the chicken production as it increases the income over feed, additive and chick cost. Further study is recommended using other ingredients of fermented fruit juice to validate the concept of probiotics as a viable modality in poultry production.

Quercetin supplementation in the diet of Labeo rohita: Effects on growth, proximate composition, antioxidative indices and immunity

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of quercetin supplementation on the growth performance, antioxidant indices, and immunity of Labeo rohita. Five experimental diets were formulated with quercetin inclusion rates of 0 g/kg (T0, control), 2 g/kg (T2), 4 g/kg (T4), 6 g/kg (T6), and 8 g/kg (T8). Fish (N = 300) with an average initial weight of 12.8 ± 0.07 g were fed with one of the five diets for 90 days. At the end of experiment, the highest (p < 0.05) final weight (FW), absolute weight gain (AWG%), weight gain percentage (WG%) and specific growth rate (SGR) was observed in group fed the diet containing 4 g/kg quercetin. The best (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) was noted at 4 g/kg quercetin supplemented diet. Body indices such as viscerosomatic index (VSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) remained unaffected (p > 0.05). The muscle proximate composition was non-significantly (p > 0.05) affected by quercetin supplementation. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) tended to increase (p < 0.05) with increasing quercetin levels. However, an opposite trend (p < 0.05) was recorded in thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS). The immune parameters including lysozyme (LYZ), immunoglobulin (IgM) and alkaline phosphatase activity (AKP) were significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) up to 4 g/kg quercetin supplementation and decreased (p < 0.05) thereafter. The optimal dietary quercetin level for maximum WG% of L. rohita was determined as 4.11 g/kg through broken line regression analysis. In conclusion, quercetin supplementation up to 4.11 g/kg is recommended for better growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and immunity of L. rohita.

The Dynamic Relationship of the GDP &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Per capita&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Among the Three Baltic States (1990-2021)

The geographical situation in Europe of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, the Three Baltic States, forms an optimal environment for the study of the economic relationships present among them. The global magnitudes are very similar for the three States, with a little difference in favor of Lithuania regarding population and extension. The three States joined the European Union at the same time, May 1, 2004. A vector autoregressive model, a VAR model, relating the three economies in their temporal evolution is an appropriate model for this study. With the intervention of temporal lags, it is possible to formulate the dynamical relationship present in these economies regarding the percentage growth change in the respective gdp per capita. Our attention is directed to the evolution of this percentage growth rate for the period 1990-2020. The estimated VAR(2) model shows that the percentage change in the gdp per capita of Lithuania is dynamically related to the lagged growth changes of Estonia and Latvia in a direct way, with more complex dynamic relationships regarding the other two States, as explained in the Conclusion. This study is supplemented with the Impulse Response Analysis and the Forecast Error Variance Decomposition to measure the effects of random impulses in the evolution of the percentage growth change in the estimated model.

Dietary grape extract can, at an appropriate level, improve the growth performance and antioxidant activity of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

This study evaluated the growth performance and in vivo antioxidant capacity of the white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, fed diets containing the grape extract Nor-grape 80. A control diet containing 1000 ppm vitamin E without added grape extract and four other diets containing 250, 500, 750 and 1000 ppm grape extract were formulated. Shrimp, twenty 0.02 g of individuals in each aquarium, were randomly assigned to one of the above five treatment diets in triplicate and fed three times daily to satiation for six weeks. The final weight, weight gain percentage and specific growth rate of the shrimp larvae fed diets containing 250 and 500 ppm Nor-grape 80 were significantly higher than those fed the other treatment diets. The levels of superoxide dismutase activity of the shrimp fed diets containing 250 and 500 ppm Nor-grape 80 were significantly higher than those of shrimp fed the control diet. On the other hand, the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels of the shrimp fed diets containing 250 and 500 ppm of Nor-grape 80 were significantly lower than those fed the other diets. Furthermore, the highest levels of dietary Nor-grape 80, namely 750 and 1000 ppm, gave rise to reduced growth performance, as well as lower levels of in vivo antioxidant activity. Therefore, for the best growth performance and highest level of in vivo antioxidant activity, it is suggested that the optimal level of Nor-grape 80 as part of a white shrimp diet falls between 250 and 500 ppm.

The optimal dietary level of dry grape extract and its effect on the growth performance and antioxidant activity of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

The optimal dietary level of the dry grape extract was determined based on the growth performance and in vivo antioxidant activity of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. A control diet containing 1000 ppm vitamin E without added grape extract and four other diets containing 125 (N125), 250 (N250), 375 (N375) and 500 ppm (N500) dry grape extract were formulated. Each aquarium contained twenty 2.45 g shrimp larvae and the shrimps were randomly assigned to one of three replicates of the above five treatment diets. The shrimp were fed to satiation three times daily for seven weeks. The final weight, weight gain percentage and specific growth rate of the shrimp fed the diet containing 250 ppm dry grape extract were significantly higher than those of shrimp fed the control diet and the diets containing 125 and 500 ppm dry grape extract. The growth parameters of the shrimp fed diets containing 250 and 375 ppm dry grape extract were not significantly different. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of the shrimp fed the control diet and the diets supplemented with 375 and 500 ppm dry grape extract were significantly higher than those fed the diet containing 125 ppm dry grape extract, while the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels of the shrimp fed the diet containing 125 ppm dry grape extract were significantly higher than those of shrimp fed the other diets. It is suggested that 321.3 ppm dry grape extract should be the optimum level suitable for white shrimp to reach their maximum growth.

The impact of higher rent levels on private health insurance enrollment: An exploratory analysis for a single state, Virginia

AbstractThis exploratory empirical study proffers and empirically examines the following two hypotheses: the higher the monthly rent levels being charged for apartments, the lower the percent of the population age 18 years to age 65 that opts to obtain private (whether group or individual) health insurance: and the greater the percentage growth rate of median household income, the greater the growth in the capacity to purchase health insurance. Panel 2SLS estimation provides what may be viewed as at least preliminary empirical support for both hypotheses. Certain policy implications are suggested.

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS AND THEIR GROWTH PROMOTING EFFICIENCY IN Cirrhinus mrigala – A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Aquaculture has a significant impact on wholesome human food. These species contain a wide range of nutrients, such as proteins, lipids, and a number of minerals. The environment, immunity, and growth rate of the fish must be improved with mediating elements in order to achieve mass production while preserving the stability of aquaculture. The use of herbal treatments to strengthen immune response has been discussed in numerous studies. This study has focused on the effects of a few plants leaf extract, including neem(Azadirachta indica), thulasi (Ocimumsanctum) and thuthi (Abutilon indicum) on Cirrhinus mrigalagrowth rate. By performing a preliminary phytochemical screening and GC-MSanalysis, the entire leaf extract was described. The extract from the leaves of the three therapeutic plants contains more than 30 significant phytocomponents. A feeding trial was done to see how Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings responded to dietary leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica, Ocimum sanctum, Abutilon indicum, and combination extract. Given that herbs are a natural and risk-free strategy, adding such herbs to animal diets to enhance aquaculture appears helpful. A substantial increase in weight and growth rate was observed in all studies that examined growth rate metrics, such as specific growth rate and percent growth rate. This evidence supported the benefits of using specific herbs, particularly combined leaves extract, which has been shown to significantly promote growth in Cirrhinus mrigala.