Percentage Of Polymorphism Research Articles

Evaluation of genetic diversity of mango (Mangifera indica L.) collected from Ba Den mountain, Tay Ninh province based on Simple Sequence Repeats markers

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a perennial fruit tree and belongs to the Anacardiaceae family. In the Ba Den Mountain area of Tay Ninh province, the ancient mango trees are intercropped with other plants in an area of about 530 ha. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of mango trees collected from the Ba Den mountain in Tay Ninh province based on Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers for the conservation of genetic resources. A total of 9 SSR markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity of 30 mango cultivars. The results displayed a total of 21 amplified fragments, averaging 2.33 fragments per primer. Of these, 20 out of 21 fragments were polymorphism, resulting in a polymorphic percentage of 94.4%. Molecular sizes ranged from 200 bp to 330 bp. Cluster analysis revealed high genetic diversity among the 30 mango samples, with genetic polymorphism levels ranging from 0 to 0.43 and an average genetic polymorphic distance of 0.29. The dendrogram was divided into 3 main groups, in which group I consisted of 18 mango samples, group II included 7 samples and group III comprised 5 samples. The results achieved could be useful information in assessing genetic diversity for genetic conservation and developing mango varieties in the future.

Exploring genetic diversity in Indian ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) through microsatellite markers

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) holds significant value as a rhizomatous spice known for its distinct taste and aroma. India is the worlds' largest producer, exporter, and consumer of ginger. Local names commonly know many ginger cultivars, and since the crop is propagated vegetatively, the chances of mixing are very high. This complicates the maintenance of purity and distinct characteristics of each variety. In the present study, thirty-two ginger genotypes were procured from various regions nationwide and assessed using 49 SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) markers to evaluate their genetic diversity patterns. Among the 49 markers, 19 primers were amplified and produced 23 polymorphic bands, resulting in a polymorphism percentage of 52.63%. Additionally, the unweighted pair group method (UPGMA) cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into five distinct clusters, with similarity coefficients ranging from 0.31 to 1.00. This suggests that each genotype exhibits substantial variability. Genotypes Maran and Acc. 581 showed a similarity value 1.00, indicating perfect similarity (100%) in their genetic characteristics. These findings emphasize the critical role of SSR markers in germplasm conservation and highlight the potential for utilizing genetic diversity in breeding programs to develop improved ginger varieties with desirable traits.

Identifying molecular differences using ISSR markers on three quinoa genotypes (Chenopodiumm quinoa) under Sinai conditions, Egypt

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of three quinoa genotypes (Giza1, Danish KVL3704, and Misr1) under three irrigation intervals (every three, six, and nine days). Genetic diversity among nine quinoa accessions was assessed using eight ISSR primers, yielding robust amplification products and polymorphic fingerprint patterns. A total of 102 bands were generated, averaging 12.75 bands per primer. Among these, 52 fragments were polymorphic, resulting in an average of 6.5 polymorphic bands per primer and an overall polymorphism level of 40.9%. Primer ISSR-8 exhibited the highest polymorphic capacity with 17 polymorphic bands, while primer ISSR-15 displayed the highest frequency (0.9). In contrast, primers ISSR-8 and ISSR-10 exhibited the lowest frequency (0.5). The polymorphism percentage ranged from 20% for primer ISSR-15 to 88% for primer ISSR-10. The similarity index revealed a minimum value of 78% between treatments, clustering the nine accessions into eight groups across four similarity levels, from 80% to a maximum of 93%. Dendrogram analysis underscored the utility of ISSR-PCR in detecting genetic relationships among quinoa accessions. These findings highlight the potential of ISSR-PCR as a reliable tool for genetic diversity studies and its applicability in quinoa breeding programs.

Assessment of Parental Polymorphism between Swarna / Oryza rufipogon IC309814 Derived Mapping Population

Detection of molecular markers with parental polymorphism is a pre-requisite for QTL mapping and further identification of genomic regions. PCR based InDel markers tend to have a greater degree to show polymorphism among the parental genotypes for any specific cross. Polymorphic studies were carried out between the two parents Swarna (cultivated rice) and Oryza rufipogon IC309814 (Wild rice) using 192 randomly selected InDel markers and 40 gene specific markers for Iron and Zinc covering the entire 12 chromosomes. Results revealed that InDel markers were polymorphic between both the parents and highest percentage of polymorphism observed on chromosome 10 (75%) followed by chromosome 5 (60%) and chromosome 9 (55.6%) and lowest polymorphism percentage was shown in chromosome 3 (8.3%) with an overall 22.4 % polymorphism percentage among all the markers used in this study. Detected polymorphic (SSR) markers were for genotyping the mapping population derived from the cross between Swarna cultivar and Oryza rufipogon to map Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) associated with yield and grain quality traits.

Genetic diversity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from different feed sources: applications and implications for biotechnological animal health

Background Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were isolated from various sources and studied due to their significant potential as probiotics for treating different diseases. They act as adjuvants against gastrointestinal tract disorders, including bowel disease and various types of diarrhea in humans and animals. Consequently, identifying different strains of S. cerevisiae and confirming their safe consumption by humans and animals became crucial. Objective This study aims to isolate, identify, and characterize 36 S. cerevisiae isolates from different animal feed sources. The primary goal is to examine the diversity among these isolates. Materials and methods Yeast isolation from feed involved using Rose Bengal agar, which was incubated at a temperature of 30°C for 48 h. Isolate identification was performed using an internal transcribed spacer and S. cerevisiae-specific primers. Molecular markers, specifically sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR), were used to determine the genetic diversity. Polymorphic information content was estimated, and genotype-specific markers were detected. A phylogenetic relationship was established based on data obtained from the molecular markers. Results and conclusion S. cerevisiae-specific primers confirmed that all 36 yeast isolates belonged to the S. cerevisiae species. Molecular identification was achieved through amplification of internal transcribed spacer sequences, followed by sequencing and database matching. Phylogenetic analysis further confirmed their classification as S. cerevisiae. Genetic diversity among the 36 strains was assessed using SRAP and ISSR markers, which show 23.4 and 30 polymorphism percentages, respectively. The results revealed that 26 SRAP and 18 ISSR genotype-specific markers were identified for the 36 S. cerevisiae isolates. The cluster analyses indicated that the strains were separated into 20 distinct clusters based on their genetic similarities. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of S. cerevisiae-specific primers, molecular identification techniques, and genetic marker analyses in characterizing and understanding the genetic diversity and relatedness within a population of S. cerevisiae isolates.

Assessment of Genomic Integrity of Vitex negundoL., An Important Indian Medicinal Plant, Using RAPD Markers

Vitex negundo is an Indian medicinal plant containing steroids, flavonoids, lignans and terpenoids that can be used as a precursor for commercial production. An efficient marker system such as Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to assess the genetic integrity of V. negundo. The straightforward method RAPD can be used to evaluate genomic integrity because it uses a small amount of DNA for PCR amplification. Six out of thirteen RAPD primers generated 150 distinct bands, of which 31 were polymorphic, with an average of 5.16 polymorphic bands per primer. A maximum of up to 32 fragments were amplified, and an average of 25 per primer, and the amplicons varied in size between 100 and 2000bp. The percentage of polymorphism ranges from 12.9 to 22.5, with an average of 16.6. The PIC values ranged from 0.11 to 0.63 for RAPD primers. The study pointed out that RAPD markers evaluate the genetic fidelity in Vitex negundo. The UPGMA cluster analysis grouped all in vitro raised plantlets treated with different growth regulators such as BAP, DPU, TDZ, and mT. The principal component analysis also substantiates this clustering pattern. Thus, the phylogenetic relationship and a high genetic variation revealed in the present study could provide baseline data for the conservation and improvement of this plant in future. Also, the molecular marker identified in this study will be helpful in the authentication of this species to prevent adulteration in herbal medicine.

Genetic Diversity of Local Chili (Capsicum annum L.) from West Sumatra Indonesia Based on Inter Simple Sequences Repeat (ISSR) Markers

Capsicum annum L. is the most widely cultivated species due to its economic importance and health benefits. West Sumatra is one of the largest chili pepper producers in Indonesia, so it has a lot of local chili genetic resources. There is inadequate information on the genetic diversity of local chilies in West Sumatra. The purpose of this research was to analyze the genetic diversity of 23 genotypes of chili pepper from West Sumatra amplified with 10 markers of ISSR. The material used was leaves from 23 genotypes of West Sumatra’s local chili which are collections of the Agriculture Faculty, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra. The results showed that ISSR markers (ISSR primer 12, ISSR UBC, and ISSR 3M) had produced 84 polymorphic DNA bands with a total polymorphic percentage of 61.45%. The dendrogram based on 10 ISSR markers showed that the 23 chili genotypes were retrieved into three main groups (I, II, III, IV) with genetic similarity coefficient values ranging from 0.67 to 0.97 or a diversity of features of 0.03–0.33 (30%). Group I consisted of 1 genotype, group II consisted of 3 genotypes, and group III consisted of 14 genotypes. Kopay chili (G20) has a large genetic distance compared to the other genotypes, while Lolai and Gero chilies have a very high similarity. This genetic diversity information can be used as a basis for generating crosses between genotypes in a breeding program. The farther the genetic distance will produce a high population diversity, the greater the chance of getting superior hybrids. Keywords: Capsicum annum, ISSR, local chili, West Sumatra

Morphological and genetic characterization of mutants of Gladiolus cultivar prince of orange for two successive vegetative generations

Morphological and genetic characterization of mutants of Gladiolus cultivar prince of orange for two successive vegetative generations

Molecular Diversity Analysis of in vitro and Irradiated Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) Grew Under Salt Stress Expressed by SCoT and ISSR Markers

Tomato buds of cv. Idkawy were cultured in vitro on solid MS medium with 0.2 mg-l BAP. The plantlets that were produced were exposed to different doses of gamma radiation, ranging from 100 to 200 Gy. Afterward, single pieces of nodes were cut and moved to a fresh MS medium with 0.2 mg-l of BAP. The gamma radiation caused a mortality rate of 18.75% to 52.5% among the explants. The surviving plantlets were then cut into single node pieces and transferred to an MS medium containing 0.2 mg-l of BAP, with added NaCl concentrations of either 50 or 100 mM. There was increased mortality of the vegetative buds on the explants with increased salt concentrations. It was shown that the all gamma radiation doses caused reduced the percentage of survival at saline levels. The genetic diversity was assessment by using ten primers for each SCoT and ISSR markers to six irradiated treatments grew under salt stress (100 Gy x 50 mM, 150 Gy x 50 mM, 200 Gy x 50 mM, 100 Gy x 100 mM, 150 Gy x 100 mM, 200 Gy x 100 mM). It was showed that the polymorphism percentage mean of SCoT marker (29.56%) is higher than the ISSR marker (26.78%). The average of PIC values for both markers SCoT and ISSR were 0.197 and 0.288 (PIC ˂0.5), as well as, MI values were 0.077 and 0.081, respectively. In contrast, when considering the number of alleles (Ne), Nei's genetic diversity (H), and Shannon's information index (I) parameters, it was observed that the greatest genetic variation was caused by the combined treatment of 200 Gy x 50 mM NaCl using the SCoT marker. On the other hand, with the ISSR marker, the highest induced genetic variation was seen with the combined treatment of 150 Gy x 50 mM NaCl. The obtained results demonstrate that SCoT marker was more accurate and efficient than ISSR marker for distinguishing and genetic variation analysis of irradiated tomato plantlets grew under salt stress. The relationships within treatments were estimated through cluster analysis (UPGMA) based on SCoT and ISSR analysis.

Molecular diversity of rice germplasms from Thailand characterized by different pericarp colors using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers

Abstract. Saengprajak J, Phetsom J, Sangdee A, Atichart P, Theerakulpisut P. 2024. Molecular diversity of rice germplasms from Thailand characterized by different pericarp colors using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. Biodiversitas 25: 2839-2848. Studying genetic diversity in rice using molecular markers is necessary for varietal identification, better understanding of relationships and evolution, and conserving genetic resources. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of rice germplasms from Thailand characterized by different pericarp colors using ISSR markers. Thirty-two white and colored rice genotypes were assessed using 16 selected ISSR markers, which generated 179 alleles ranging from 210 to 1,374 bp, averaging 11.19 alleles per locus. The polymorphism percentage ranged from 40% to 100%, averaging 80%. The genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.458 to 0.855, while PIC values varied between 0.15 and 0.45, averaging 0.31. ISSR markers show a high Resolving Power (RP) of 12.15 and a Marker Index (MI) of 3.20, indicating their significant discriminatory power and effectiveness in detecting genetic diversity. The dendrogram grouped genotypes into five clusters: Cluster I included 5 red pericarp genotypes, Cluster II had 6 purple-black pericarp genotypes, Cluster III had 2 mixed white and purple-black pericarp genotypes, Cluster IV included 18 white pericarp genotypes, and Cluster V comprised 1 white pericarp genotype. PCA results corresponded to seed coat traits, forming eight grouping patterns similar to dendrogram clusters. These findings show that ISSR markers effectively assess genetic diversity and relationships in rice germplasms, providing valuable information for managing germplasm resources, developing variety-specific markers, and supporting rice breeding programs.

The effect of gamma ray re-irradiation on genetic variations in black rice based on RAPD and Bph gene resistance location based on SSR markers

Abstract The black rice variety Cempo Ireng M8 generation already has morphologically uniform characteristics and good productivity values. However, the black rice M8 generation is still susceptible to planthopper pests. Therefore, a re-irradiation process was carried out on M8 using 200 Gy gamma rays to obtain a black rice variety resistant to planthopper pests. This re-radiation treatment has produced the M2 generation. To determine the genetic variations between M8 black rice plants and the M2 generation that are formed, this research conducted molecular methods using six RAPD markers and three SSR markers to determine genes in the sample related to the Bph resistance gene. The sequenced SSR amplicons were analyzed using BLAST in NCBI. The results of the RAPD marker showed genetic variation in the seven black rice samples with an average polymorphism percentage of 92.85% and the Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) value for the six primers was between 0.25-0.5, which means the RAPD primers is informative. The analysis and sequence results of the RM5953 primer show that the primer is located in the Bph resistance gene (chromosome 4) and produces an amplicon at a band size of 129 bp.

Genetic diversity analysis using molecular markers and in vitro shoot regeneration of strawberry cultivars in Lam Dong

In the present study, start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism and CAAT box-derived polymorphism (CBDP) molecular markers were used to study the genetic diversity of ten strawberry cultivars. In addition, shoot regeneration from in vitro leaf explants of ten commercial cultivars, i.e Aicyberry, Kayonoka, Tochiotome, Penchika, Amauo, Pajado, Selva, Monterey, Camarosa, and Albion, was also investigated. The result showed that a total of 9 SCoT primers and 9 CBDP primers detected genetic polymorphism among ten strawberry cultivars. Comparatively, SCoT markers proved to be more efficient than CBDP markers in terms of percentage polymorphism as the former detected an average of 74.49% and the latter at 71.15%. Meanwhile, the indices of genetic diversity from the aggregated data of two techniques SCoT and CBDP are as follows: expected heterozygosity (He) 0.2480, Shannon index (I) 0.3749, polymorphic band ratio 75.56%. The highest level of genetic similarity among the cultivars was 0.827 (between Aicyberry and Kayonoka varieties), the lowest was 0.586 (between Aicyberry and Selva varieties), and the average was 0.724. In addition, the results of shoot regeneration of strawberry varieties from leaf discs with different sizes were strongly dependent on the genotype and weakly on explant size. Leaf explants (3 mm in size) of Camarosa cultivar cultured on MS medium supplemented with 7 g/l agar, 30 g/l sucrose and 2 mg/l TDZ gave the best shoot regeneration.

Genetic diversity of rose apple (Syzygium samarangense) varieties based on ISSR molecular markers

Abstract. Hien PTT, Hang VTT, Cham LTT. 2024. Genetic diversity of Rose apple (Syzygium samarangense) varieties based on ISSR molecular markers. Biodiversitas 25: xxxx. Rose apple (Syzygium samarangense) exhibits a rich diversity in its varieties, metabolic compounds, and biological activities. Genetic diversity studies are crucial in understanding plant species taxonomy and evolutionary history. They provide a roadmap for researchers to trace the relationships between different varieties and offer insights into the evolutionary processes that have shaped the diversity within the species. Many traditional or indigenous varieties of plants may harbor unique traits adapted to specific local conditions. This study, therefore, holds immense value as it aims to evaluate the genetic relationship among rose apple varieties in Vietnam using morphological characteristics and ISSR markers. Sixteen local varieties of rose apple were collected from provinces in Vietnam for this purpose. The morphological characteristics of leaves and fruits were compared among samples, and the genetic diversity was evaluated using ISSR markers. The results revealed significant morphological diversity in the leaf base, blade shape, leaf color, and fruit shape and size. Based on the DNA profiles of 15 ISSR markers, 102 amplicons were produced, and the percentage of polymorphism ranged from 57 to 100%. The dendrogram constructed using the UPGMA method classified these varieties into two main clusters with a genetic diversity of 64%. Such comprehensive information underscores the genetic diversity among S. samarangense, thereby contributing to the germplasm resources for future plant breeding programs.

Evaluating the genetic variability in selected accessions of medicinal legume Mucuna pruriens (L) DC through ISSR markers

Evaluating the genetic variability in selected accessions of medicinal legume Mucuna pruriens (L) DC through ISSR markers

Cumin Seed Oil Induces Oxidative Stress-Based Antifungal Activities on Fusarium graminearum.

In this study, the antifungal activity of cumin seed oil (CSO) was tested on Fusarium graminearum. (i) Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and related concentrations (IC75, IC50, and IC25) were detected; (ii) toxicity was evaluated by a water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 (WST-1) assay; (iii) genomic/epigenomic alterations were evaluated by the coupled restriction enzyme digestion-random amplification (CRED-RA) method; (iv) oxidative stress was investigated by CAT expression, catalase activity, and DCF-DA staining; (v) deoxynivalenol biosynthesis was evaluated by tri6 expression; (vi) and potential effects of CSO on wheat were tested by a water loss rate (WLR) assay. MIC, IC75, IC50 and IC25 values were detected at 0.5, 0.375, 0.25, and 0.125 mg mL-1. In WST-1 assays, significant decreases (p < 0.001) were detected. Genomic template stability (GTS) related to methylation differences ranged from 94.60% to 96.30%. Percentage polymorphism for HapII/MspI values were as 9.1%/15.8%. CAT (oxidative stress-related catalase) and tri6 (zinc finger motif transcription factor) gene expressions were recorded between 5.29 ± 0.74 and 0.46 ± 0.10 (p < 0.05). Increased catalase activity was detected (p < 0.05) by spectrophotometric assays. DCF-DA-stained (oxidative stressed) cells were increased in response to increased concentrations, and there were no significant changes in WLR values. It was concluded that CSO showed strong antifungal activity on F. graminearum via different physiological levels.

Microsatellite marker-based analysis of the genetic diversity and population structure of three Arnebiae Radix in western China

Arnebiae Radix is an important medicinal and perennial herb found in Western China, particularly in the Xinjiang region. However, the assessment, utilization and conservation of Arnebiae Radix resources are still unexplored. In this study, we evaluated the genetic diversity of three Arnebiae Radix populations across 47 regions (Ae=16, Ag=16, Ad=15) in Xinjiang, China, using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers. In total, 48 alleles were amplified by six pairs of primers screened with ISSR markers. The average number of effective alleles (Ne) was 1.5770. The percentage of interspecific genetic polymorphisms in A. guttata (Ag=89.58%) was greater than that in A. euchroma. and A. decumbens (Ae=Ad=87.50%). Intraspecific genetic polymorphisms, Bo Le (BL) population of A. euchroma exhibited the highest percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB% =58.33%, Na=1.313, Ne=1.467, I=0.0.366, H=0.255), which indicated high genetic diversity. In contrast, the Tuo Li (TL) population of A. guttata had the lowest values for these parameters (PPB% =0.00%, Na=0.313, Ne=1,000, I=0.000, H=0.000). The Arnebiae Radix germplasms were classified into two major groups (I and II) based on UPGMA cluster analysis (Fig. 8a) and principal coordinate analysis (PCOA). In addition, A. decumbens is placed in a separate category due to its high differentiation coefficient. The AMOVA and genetic differentiation coefficient results indicated that the genetic variation in Arnebiae Radix was predominantly due to intrapopulation differences (78%). Additionally, the gene flow index (Nm) between populations was 2.4128, which further indicated that the genetic diversity of Arnebiae Radix was greater at the intrapopulation level. The destruction of the ecological environment leads to the continuous reduction and degradation of the genetic diversity of Arnebiae Radix germplasm resources. In this study, we used ISSR molecular markers to analyze the genetic diversity and relatedness of Arnebiae Radix, which revealed the genetic relationship of Arnebiae Radix germplasm resources at the molecular level and provided a scientific basis for future research on selecting and breeding good varieties, evaluating the quality of Arnebiae Radix, and conserving and utilizing its resources.

Determination of genetic diversity of two Lessonia species from the Atacama region using ISSR markers

Lessonia nigrescens and L. trabeculata are economically important kelp species in northern Chile. Despite their considerable value, the genetic diversity of these kelp has received limited attention in the Atacama region. This study aimed to analyze genetic diversity, establish genetic relationships, and identify diagnostic DNA markers in the Atacama region's L. nigrescens and L. trabeculata. Both species' Inter-sequence simple repeat (ISSR) band patterns showed high reproducibility and reliability. Among 17 ISSRs, 161 polymorphic bands were identified in Lessonia spp. Parameters, such as percentage polymorphism, number of alleles per locus, effective number of alleles, and Shannon information index, indicated that L. nigrescens had slightly higher genetic diversity than L. trabeculata. The Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) cluster analysis revealed two main clusters: one containing L. nigrescens and the other containing L. trabeculata. Additionally, four species diagnostic ISSR markers were identified for L. nigrescens and L. trabeculata. The ISSR markers proved valuable in detecting genetic diversity in L. nigrescens and L. trabeculata. This information is particularly important for marine management strategies and ensuring successful conservation.

Genetic diversity analysis and molecular characterization of tropical rose (Rosa spp.) varieties

Genetic diversity analysis and molecular characterization of tropical rose (Rosa spp.) varieties

Genetic diversity assessment of Trichoderma spp. isolated from various Egyptian locations using its gene sequencing marker, rep-PCR, and their cellulolytic activity

BackgroundThe phylogenetic relationships and phylogeny of twenty-six Trichoderma species collected from various Egyptian locations were investigated. The genetic diversity among the examined isolates was tested using the rep-PCR marker. Trichoderma species were screened for their cellulase activities.ResultsThree isolates demonstrated highly significant FPase activities, namely MNF-MAS-Tricho 1, MNF-MAS-Tricho 2, and MNF-MAS-Tricho 3 (0.50, 0.39, and 0.49 IU ml−1, respectively). MNF-MAS-Tricho1 showed the highest significant CMCase activity (0.80 IU ml−1). Concerning β-glucosidase, MNF-MAS-Tricho 1 was the highest (0.78 IU ml−1), while MNF-MSH-Trich 11 and MNF-MAS-Tricho 15 were the lowest (0.36 IU mL−1). The percentage of polymorphism ranged from 46.15 to 83.33%. (GTG)5 marker produced the greatest number of polymorphic loci (13 loci out of 18 loci) with about 83.33% polymorphism, followed by rep-10 with 69.2% polymorphism. Furthermore, the polymorphism information content (PIC) estimates ranged between 0.285 for Rep-10 and 0.340 for (GTG) 5 with an average of 0.306. The tested primers exhibited high discriminating and resolving powers.ConclusionThe findings of this investigation were used to classify Trichoderma species, evaluate their genetic variability using ITS sequencing, rep-PCR, and measure their cellulase activities. These markers can facilitate more rapid and less complicated studies of Trichoderma population dynamics and evaluate their establishment after release into agricultural environments. The results will help to evaluate the genetic diversity of Trichoderma in future research.

Molecular Characterization of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Cultivars Using SSR Markers

Nowadays, molecular characterization is essential for studying the varietal diversity of species. In addition, SSR molecular markers are widely used to identify and distinguish the genetic relationship of mango cultivars. The study aim is to determine the variability structuring level of 18 mango cultivars in Burkina Faso. Thus, genomic DNA was extracted in 2022 from young leaves at the molecular biology unit of the Biosciences laboratory at Joseph KI-ZERBO University (Burkina Faso). Analysis of the results showed a polymorphic percentage average of 21.49% per marker. Genetic distance showed that the similarity coefficient range is 0.0002 to 1.09. The greatest genetic distance (1.09) was calculated for the pairs (VSB, Valencia) and (VSB, Miamilate). On the other hand, the lowest genetic distance (0.0002) was calculated between Alphonso and Francis, Keitt and Sensation, and Mangot vert and Glazier. Examination of the dendrogram shows that the cultivars can be classified into two major groups of nine cultivars each. The first group includes Miamilate, Valencia, Lippens, Zill, Keitt, Sensation, Kent, Brooks, and Bewerly cultivars. The second group includes the cultivars Mangot vert, Glazier, Amélie, Dixon, Springfield, Francis, Alphonso, VSB and Mangot sabre. These results showed that cultivars are genetically very diverse. Therefore, our findings could be used for genetic diversity analysis and the marker-assisted breeding of mango germplasm.