Percentage Of Visceral Adipose Tissue Research Articles

ЭФФЕКТЫ ТРАНСКРАНИАЛЬНОЙ ЭЛЕКТРОСТИМУЛЯЦИИ НА СИСТЕМНОЕ ВОСПАЛЕНИЕ ПРИ ВЫСОКОКАЛОРИЙНОЙ ДИЕТЕ, ОБОГАЩЕННОЙ ФРУКТОЗОЙ И ЖИРОМ

The study aims to conduct a transcranial electrical stimulation therapy trial in rats influencing the indicators of systemic inflammation dynamics and the percentage content of visceral adipose tissue in a highfat fructose diet. The study included 180 male outbred rats, which were randomly distributed into three groups: the first group had a standard diet; the second group received the high-fat fructose diet; and the third group received both transcranial electrical stimulation therapy and the high-fat fructose diet. Tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-15, and interleukin-19 concentrations were measured in blood serum. The percentage of visceral adipose tissue in relation to body weight was calculated. The percentage content of visceral adipose tissue and serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α were lower, and interleukin-19 was higher in rats that received transcranial electrical stimulation with a high-fat fructose diet in comparison to the second group, which did not undergo the stimulation. Interleukin-19 level in the blood serum of rats in the second group grew as the trial progressed, whereas the opposite occurred in the third group. There was an inverse relation between the predictive variables of transcranial electrical stimulation, interleukin-19, and the variable of tumor necrosis factor-α. The data obtained in the experiment may also indicate that interleukin-15 cannot be unequivocally considered as a key factor associated with a decrease in visceral adipose tissue content when introducing a high fructose and animal-based saturated fat diet to rats.

Perirenal Fat as a New Independent Prognostic Factor in Patients With Surgically Treated Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Recently increasing evidence has suggested that obesity is associated with the development and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between different obesity measurements and overall survival in patients with surgically treated clear cell renal cell carcinoma. The data of 342 consecutive patients who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy at Peking University People's Hospital from January 2009 to November 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Median follow-up was 82 months. The association between different obesity measurements and overall survival was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression models. In univariate Cox regression analyses, perirenal fat accumulation was significantly associated with overall survival (HR: 2.271; 95% CI: 1.311-3.935; P = .003), as well as age, sex, clinical manifestation, surgical option, tumor size, and grade. The other obesity measurements, including body mass index, waist circumference, total adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue, and percentage of visceral adipose tissue, were not assessed as prognostic indicators of overall survival in this study (P > .05). After adjusting for age, sex, clinical manifestation, surgical option, tumor size, T stage, and tumor grade, perirenal fat accumulation was still identified as an independent predictor of overall survival (HR: 2.264; 95% CI: 1.305-3.926; P==.004). The results of Kaplan-Meier model also revealing that patients with higher percentage of perirenal fat showed poorer overall survival (P==.003). Higher percentage of perirenal adipose tissue is independently associated with increased mortality risk in surgically treated clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Influence of endotoxemy on development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Objective — to investigate endotoxin levels and to assess the relationship between endotoxemia and metabolic parameters and the degree of steatosis and fibrosis in patients with non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) against the background of metabolic syndrome (MS).
 Materials and methods. The study included 68 patients with NAFLD with metabolic disorders and 20 people of the control group. Women prevailed in both investigational groups, the mean age was 49.34 ± 10.8 years. All patients underwent evaluation of their anthropometric parameters, investigation of body composition with determination of the percentage of visceral adipose tissue (VAT). To reveal VAT dysfunction, visceral adiposity index (VAI) was calculated with M. C. Amato method. Steatometry was performed by determining the wave attenuation coefficient and carrying out shear wave elastography. Endotoxin levels in blood serum were determined using a set of reagents «LAL Chromogenic Endpoint Assay» manufactured by «Hycult Biotech» (Netherlands).
 Results. Bacterial endotoxin levels in peripheral blood in the examined patients were almost three times higher in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). Patients with overweight and obesity had significantly higher endotoxin levels compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The significant increase in endotoxin levels has been defined in obese NAFLD patients compared to the NAFLD patients with normal weight (p < 0.05). The direct correlation was found between endotoxin parameters and parameters of abdominal and visceral obesity. In the group of patients with high VAT activity, the maximal values of this indicator were observed, which significantly differed from the corresponding indicator in patients with low and medium VAI (p < 0.05). There was a direct correlation between moderate endotoxin and insulin resistance, a direct weak relationship between endotoxin and lipid profile parameters. In patients with grade 2 and 3 steatosis, significant differences in the level of endotoxemia were observed compared with the control group (p < 0.05) and patients with grade 1 steatosis (p < 0.05). At high grades of liver fibrosis (F3F4) there was a tendency to reduce endotoxemia compared with the low‑grade fibrosis (p < 0.05).
 Conclusions. The revealed relationships between endotoxemia level and metabolic factors of NAFLD development indicate the pathogenetic role of bacterial endotoxemia in triggering a cascade of metabolic reactions with the subsequent accumulation of lipids in the liver tissue and the progression of steatosis and fibrosis.

The relationship between intestinal microbiota and systemic inflammation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Objective — to determine the relation of the main phylotypes of the intestinal microbiota (IM) with markers of systemic inflammation and the degree of hepatic steatosis in patients with non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with metabolic disorders.
 Materials and methods. The study included 114 patients with NAFLD with excessive body mass and obesity and 30 people as a control group, who were investigated on the basis of the Department of Gastroenterology and Therapy of the Polyclinics of the L. T. Mala National Therapy Institute of NAMS of Ukraine. The mean age of the investigated subjects was (52.56 ± 11.70) years. Anthropometric measurements were carried out with the calculation of the body mass index (BMI), determination of the percentage of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) using the OMRON BF‑511 body composition monitor. To determine the VAT dysfunction, the visceral obesity index (VOI) was calculated by the M. C. Amato method. Determination of CRP and TNF‑alpha levels was carried out by enzyme immunoassay. The assessment of the degree of steatosis was carried out by determining the wave attenuation coefficient (WAC) and shear wave elastometry. Determination of the composition of the intestinal microbiota at the level of the main phylotypes was carried out by identifying the total bacterial DNA and DNA of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria by the method of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in real time.
 Results. The NAFLD patients displayed significantly increased levels of CRP and TNF‑alpha in comparison with the control group. A weak direct correlation has been established between CRP, TNF‑alpha and Firmicutes (r = 0.24 (p = 0.0029) and r = 0.17 (p = 0.0350), respectively), and an inverse correlation dependence of CRP on Bacteroidetes (r` = – 0.29 (p = 0.0003)). Analysis of the dependence of the ratio of the main intestinal phyla (Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes) on markers of systemic inflammation in NAFLD patients with different activity of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) revealed an increase in the ratio of the main phyla of IM with an increase in VAT activity. In the group of NAFLD patients with high VAT activity maximum values of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio have been defined. Patients with increased levels of CRP an TNF‑alpha displayed an increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Patients with advanced steatosis showed more significant changes in the main phyla of IM towards an increase in Firmicutes.
 Conclusions. The dependence of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio from the markers of systemic inflammation and VAT activity has been established. The maximum values of the index (Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes) were observed in NAFLD patients with a high degree of visceral obesity index and hepatic steatosis as well as elevated CRP and TNF‑alpha levels.

Effectiveness of body roundness index in predicting metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Body roundness index (BRI) is a new anthropometric index developed to predict both body fat and the percentage of visceral adipose tissue. Our aim was to investigate whether BRI is superior to traditional anthropometric indices in predicting metabolic syndrome (MetS). This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Sciences databases. The estimated pooled areas under curve (AUCs) for BRI predicting MetS was higher than body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body shape index (ABSI) and body adiposity index (BAI), similar to waist circumference (WC) and lower than waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). However, the difference between BRI and BMI, WC and WHtR predicting MetS was statistically non-significant. Similar results were found with the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-SROC). In addition, the non-Chinese population had pooled AUCs greater than the Chinese population for all indices. Pooled ORs showed that BRI is associated with an increased MetS risk. In conclusion, BRI had good discriminatory power for MetS in adults of both sexes from diverse populations (AUC > 0.7; AUC-SROC>0.7). However, WC and WHtR offer the best performance when screening for MetS, and non-significant differences were found with BRI. In contrast, BRI was superior to BMI, WHR, ABSI and BAI in predicting MetS.

Association of Alcohol Consumption With Fat Deposition in a Community-Based Sample of Japanese Men: The Shiga Epidemiological Study of Subclinical Atherosclerosis (SESSA).

BackgroundExcessive alcohol intake has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease via metabolic pathways. However, the relationship between alcohol intake and obesity has not been fully elucidated. We aimed to examine the association of alcohol consumption with fat deposition and anthropometric measures.MethodsFrom 2006–2008, we conducted a cross-sectional study in a population-based sample of Japanese men aged 40 through 79 years. Areas of abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were calculated using computed tomography imaging. Based on a questionnaire, we classified participants into five groups according to weekly alcohol consumption, excluding former drinkers: non-drinkers (0 g/week), 0.1–160.9, 161–321.9, 322–482.9, and ≥483 g/week. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate adjusted means of obesity indices for each group.ResultsWe analyzed 998 men (mean age and body mass index [BMI], 63.8 years and 23.6 kg/m2, respectively). Higher weekly alcohol consumption was strongly and significantly associated with higher abdominal VAT area, percentage of VAT, and VAT-to-SAT ratio (all P for trend <0.001), and also with waist circumferences and waist-to-hip ratio (P for trend = 0.042 and 0.007, respectively). These associations remained significant after further adjustment for BMI, whereas alcohol consumption had no significant association with abdominal SAT area.ConclusionsHigher alcohol consumption was associated with higher VAT area, VAT%, and VAT-to-SAT ratio, independent of confounders, including BMI, in general Japanese men. These results suggest that alcohol consumption may have a potential adverse effect on visceral fat deposition.

Impacts of periodontitis on visceral organ weight and weight percentage in obese mice

This study aimed to explore the impacts of periodontitis on the visceral weight and weight percentage of obese animal models. A total of 64 C57BL/6J mice were divided into the following diet groups: high-fat diet (HFD) group (n=36), which was fed with high-fat diet to induce obesity, and low-fat diet (LFD) group (n=28), which was fed with low-fat diet as the control. After 16 weeks on diet, each diet group was divided into periodontitis (P) and control (C) groups. The P groups were induced for periodontitis by ligation with Porphyromonas gingivalis-adhered silk for 5 or 10 days, and the C groups were sham-ligated as the control. Visceral organs were resected and weighed. The organ weight percentage was calculated. Compared with the LFD group, the HFD group significantly upregulated the weight and weight percentage of visceral adipose tissue and spleen (P<0.05), upregulated the weight of liver and kidney (P<0.05), and downregulated the weight percentage of liver and kidney (P<0.01). In the HFD group, the weight and weight percentage of spleen were downregulated in the P group (P<0.05), but were upregulated in the 10-day group compared with the 5-day group (P<0.05). Periodontitis can affect the general morphology of the viscera (especially spleen) in obese animal models. Pathological indications in terms of immunometabolism might be present in the correlation between obesity and periodontitis.

Small-Molecule Neuromedin U Receptor 2 Agonists Suppress Food Intake and Decrease Visceral Fat in Animal Models.

Obesity is a growing public health concern, with 37.5% of the adult population in need of therapeutics that are more efficacious with a better side effect profile. An innovative target in this regard is neuromedin U, a neuropeptide shown to suppress food intake and attenuate weight gain in animal models. These effects of neuromedin U on feeding behavior are thought to be related to agonism at the centrally expressed neuromedin U receptor 2 (NMUR2). As peptides present unique challenges that limit their therapeutic potential, the discovery of small‐molecule NMUR2 agonists is needed to validate the targets therapeutic value, but to date, none have been evaluated in any animal model of disease. We therefore assessed two small‐molecule NMUR2 agonists for their in vitro signaling and their in vivo efficacy. The NMUR2 agonists were synthesized and both NMUR2 agonists, NY0116 and NY0128, decreased cAMP while stimulating calcium signaling in stably expressing NMUR2 HEK293 cells. When small‐molecule NMUR2 agonists were tested in vivo, acute administration significantly decreased high‐fat diet consumption. Repeated administration of the compounds decreased body weight and more specifically, decreased the percentage of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in obese mice. These results have confirmed small‐molecule NMUR2 agonists are efficacious in animal models to decrease fat content, food intake, and body weight, suggesting NMUR2 is a promising therapeutic target for metabolic disorders.

Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome

Body fat distribution in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is characterized by reduce lean body mass (LBM), increased total body fat mass (FM), and lower percentage of visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Individuals with PWS seem to have a lower risk for insulin resistance with high levels of adiponectin, an anti-atherogenic adipocytokine that is decreased in visceral fat hypertrophy subjects compared to simple obese subjects, both in children and in adults. The mechanism of the reduction in visceral adiposity in PWS is still unclear. It might be related to qualitative intrinsic characteristics of adipocyte or novel genetic influences on the control of fat distribution. However, obesity remains a critical problem, and obesity status plays a crucial role in individual metabolic risk clustering and development of metabolic syndrome (Mets) in PWS children and adults. Long-term growth hormone (GH) treatment after cessation of skeletal growth improved body composition, with an increase in lean body mass and a reduction in total body fat and subcutaneous and visceral fat in PWS adults. Thus, the role of GH is important after childhood because it might attenuate obesity and Mets in PWS adult by adipocyte modification.

MP39-10 EFFECT OF OBESITY AND ADIPONECTIN SIGNALING IN PATIENTS WITH RENAL CELL CARCINOMA TREATED WITH SURGERY

You have accessJournal of UrologyKidney Cancer: Basic Research I1 Apr 2015MP39-10 EFFECT OF OBESITY AND ADIPONECTIN SIGNALING IN PATIENTS WITH RENAL CELL CARCINOMA TREATED WITH SURGERY Ryuichi Itoh, Shintaro Narita, Mingguo Huang, Hiroshi Tsuruta, Susumu Akihama, Mitsuru Saito, Takamitsu Inoue, Norihiko Tsuchiya, Shigeru Satoh, and Tomonori Habuchi Ryuichi ItohRyuichi Itoh More articles by this author , Shintaro NaritaShintaro Narita More articles by this author , Mingguo HuangMingguo Huang More articles by this author , Hiroshi TsurutaHiroshi Tsuruta More articles by this author , Susumu AkihamaSusumu Akihama More articles by this author , Mitsuru SaitoMitsuru Saito More articles by this author , Takamitsu InoueTakamitsu Inoue More articles by this author , Norihiko TsuchiyaNorihiko Tsuchiya More articles by this author , Shigeru SatohShigeru Satoh More articles by this author , and Tomonori HabuchiTomonori Habuchi More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2015.02.760AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Obesity increases the risk for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), whereas obese patients appear to experience longer survival than non-obese patients. Inactivation of adiponectin signaling, which is a key regulator of obesity-related diseases, plays a role in the progression of RCC. Here we investigated the effect of obesity and adiponectin signaling in RCC patients treated with surgery. METHODS A total of 129 RCC patients treated with surgery were included in the analyses. Preoperative BMI, percentage of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) measured on CT scan, total adiponectin levels in the serum and perinephric adipose tissue condition medium by a specific ELISA, and intratumoral mRNA levels of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 were statistically analyzed to assess the effect on pathological outcomes and survival. RESULTS Overweight and obese patients had a significantly lower grade cancer compared with normal weight patients in all patients and patients without metastasis (p = 0.003, p = 0.027, respectively). Disease-specific survival in overweight and obese patients was significantly longer compared with that in normal weight patients in all patients (p = 0.035), but not in patients without metastasis (p = 0.203). The percentage of VAT and serum adiponectin levels were not significantly associated with clinical outcomes of RCC patients. The mean adiponectin level of perinephric adipose tissue condition medium tended to be lower in patients with high grade RCC compared with healthy controls (p = 0.054). Although the mRNA expressions of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in tumors were not correlated with BMI and the VAT percentage, they were significantly lower in tumor tissues compared with normal renal tissues (p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). AdipoR1 expression in patients with high grade tumor was significantly lower compared with that in patients with low grade tumor (p = 0.030) and patients with sarcomatoid RCC had a significantly lower AdipoR1 expression compared with those with other histological subtypes (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A high BMI may be associated with a better pathological outcome and survival in RCC patients treated with surgery. Impaired adiponectin secretion from enlarged adipose tissues and the inactivation of the intratumoral adiponectin receptor may be involved in RCC progression. © 2015 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 193Issue 4SApril 2015Page: e457-e458 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2015 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ryuichi Itoh More articles by this author Shintaro Narita More articles by this author Mingguo Huang More articles by this author Hiroshi Tsuruta More articles by this author Susumu Akihama More articles by this author Mitsuru Saito More articles by this author Takamitsu Inoue More articles by this author Norihiko Tsuchiya More articles by this author Shigeru Satoh More articles by this author Tomonori Habuchi More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Influence of obesity on localized prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy

This study aimed to investigate the association between different anthropometric measures of obesity and clinicopathological characteristics in Chinese patients with clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa). A total of 734 patients with clinically localized PCa who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) were included in this study. Clinical and pathological data from each patient were collected. Anthropometric measures of abdominal adiposity were measured from T2-weighted sagittal localisation images from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for 413 (56.3%) patients. Patient clinical and pathological characteristics were compared across body mass index (BMI) groups. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to address the influence of the preoperative total testosterone level and anthropometric measures of obesity on pathological outcomes. In the multivariate analysis, BMI was not significantly associated with any pathological outcomes. However, the percentage of visceral adipose tissue (VAT%) was an independent predictor of a pathological Gleason score ≥8 (P<0.001), extracapsular extension (ECE; P=0.002) and seminal vesicle invasion (SVI; P=0.007). More importantly, we found that the preoperative total testosterone level was significantly correlated with the VAT% (Pearson's correlation coefficient: -0.485, P<0.001) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT; Pearson's correlation coefficient: 0.413, P<0.001). In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that abdominal fat distribution, and particularly VAT%, is associated with a risk of advanced PCa. Moreover, our present study confirms a significant inverse correlation between visceral adiposity and testosterone. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying the relationship between abdominal adiposity and the aggressiveness of PCa.

Visceral Obesity and Risk of High Grade Disease in Clinical T1a Renal Cell Carcinoma

Accurate assessment of disease characteristics is a prerequisite for treatment decision making regarding small renal masses. In this study we evaluate the association between visceral obesity and Fuhrman grade in patients with cT1a renal cell carcinoma. We retrospectively collected data on 186 patients with surgically treated cT1a renal cell carcinoma. Single slice computerized tomography was used to measure the area of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Visceral obesity was calculated as the proportion of visceral adipose tissue to overall adipose tissue. Other analyzed factors included clinical characteristics (age, gender, body mass index and tumor size) and anatomical features of the tumor defined by the R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score. The association between predictors and high grade disease (Fuhrman grade III or IV) were assessed using logistic regression analyses. A total of 47 (25.3%) tumors were classified as high grade. The percentage of visceral adipose tissue was higher in male participants but did not correlate with body mass index, age or tumor size. In univariate analyses the percentage of visceral adipose tissue and tumor size were significantly associated with higher Fuhrman grade. Multivariate analysis showed that the percentage of visceral adipose tissue (OR 1.06, p = 0.0018) and tumor size (OR 1.91, p = 0.047) were independent predictors of high grade cancer. Addition of the percentage of visceral adipose tissue to a model including clinical characteristics and anatomical features of the tumor remarkably improved its discriminatory ability (p = 0.0010). Increased visceral obesity was found to be strongly associated with higher Fuhrman grade in patients with cT1a renal cell carcinoma. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and discover the underlying biological mechanism.

P1.29 Visceral Obesity is Associated With Increased Risk of High-Grade Disease in Clinical T1A Renal Cell Carcinoma

ABSTRACT Objective Accurate assessment of disease characteristics is a prerequisite for treatment decision making in small renal mass. Recent evidence suggests visceral adipose tissue is an important metabolic tissue and secretes factors that systemically alter the metabolic, endocrine and immunological milieu. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the association between visceral obesity and Fuhrman grade (FG) in a cohort of cT1a renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Material and Methods We retrospectively collected 197 patients with surgically treated cT1a RCC from January 2008 to January 2012. In each subject, a single sliced computed tomography image was used to measure the area of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (Figure 1). The percentage of visceral adipose tissue (VAT%) was calculated as the area of visceral adipose tissue divided by the area of total adipose tissue. Other analyzed factors included clinical characteristics (age, gender, body mass index and tumor size) and tumor's anatomic features defined by RENAL nephrometry score. High grade tumor was defined as FG III or IV. Results Fifty-one (25.9%) tumors were classified as high grade. VAT% was increased in male participants, but didn't correlate with body mass index, age and tumor size. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor size (odds ratio = 1.82, p = 0.046) and VAT% (odds ratio = 1.05, p = 0.0026) were significant predictors of high grade cancer. Addition of VAT% to the model included clinical characteristics and tumor's anatomic features remarkably improved the discrimination ability (p = 0.0015) (Figure 2). Conclusions Increased visceral obesity was found to strongly associate with higher FG in cT1a RCC. The new prognostic factor provided a distinctive value other than clinical characteristics and tumor's anatomic features. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and discover the underlying biological mechanism. Funds: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project 81001131). Download : Download full-size image Fig. 1 . Representative examples of the measurement of visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue in computed tomography images. Download : Download full-size image Fig. 2 . Receiver operating characteristic curves for high grade disease in clinical T1a renal cell carcinoma. The curves represent 3 multivariate models.