Percent Survival Research Articles

Modified Scalp Replantation for Total Scalp Avulsion: Scalp-Shifting Technique.

Scalp replantation is the best treatment for scalp avulsion due to its functional and esthetic benefits. Regular scalp replantation requires only unilateral or bilateral superficial temporal vascular anastomosis. However, shear force always damages vessels in severe scalp avulsions. Short, superficial temporal vessels (STVs) make tension-free anastomosis challenging. The objective of this article is to improve the regular scalp replantation technique. When the STVs are short, tension-free anastomosis, and cosmetic symmetry can be achieved without vein grafts or vascular replacement. This study retrospectively reviewed 18 patients with scalp avulsion, of which 10 underwent scalp-shifting replantation, and 8 underwent regular scalp replantation with direct anastomosis of the STVs. Postoperatively, the authors, assessed whether there was a significant difference in the percentage of scalp survival and in the facial symmetry of patients between the 2 methods. The percentages of scalp survival and facial symmetry were good after surgeries using both methods, and no significant differences were observed. The authors use scalp-shifting replantation to create tension-free anastomoses in cases where scalp avulsion injuries have left the superficial temporal arteries too short. This technique ensures facial symmetry, scalp reimplantation survival, and equally excellent results in function and esthetics.

Study of Success Level of Reclamation Plant on the Post-mining Land of PT. Kitadin Site Embalut

Coal mining activities in Indonesia are generally or usually carried out using an open pit mining system which results in negative impacts such as loss of forest vegetation, loss of animals and plants (flora and fauna), as well as damage and loss of soil layers around the coal mining area. To overcome the problem of land damage or changes due to mining is to carry out reclamation. The research aims to determine the reclamation process on post-coal mining land and to assess the level of success of reclamation of revegetation. The research was carried out from mid-April 2023 to the end of May 2023 in the post-mining land revegetation reclamation area of ​​PT Kitadin Site Embuat which is located in Emputar Village, Tenggarong Seberang District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province. The research results show that (1) the reclamation process on PT Kitadin's post-coal mining land begins with land use activities (filling cover soil, spreading root zone soil, and controlling erosion), revegetation activities, and other forms of reclamation activities; and (2) revegetation of the PT Kitadin Site Embulant at the Homogeneous Educational Forest and Heterogeneous Educational Forest locations was declared successful with a plant survival percentage reaching 94.5%, however, the soil pH parameter was declared unsuccessful because the soil pH value at the Homogeneous Educational Forest location was only 4.80 (classified as acid).

Comparative analysis of Keynote522 treatment outcomes in Hispanic versus non-Hispanic patients with breast cancer: A single tertiary center experience.

e12661 Background: The addition of pembrolizumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the Keynote522 (KN522) clinical trial, changed the standard of care for early stage triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). This regimen demonstrated longer event free survival and higher percentage of patients with pathologic complete responses (pCR). However, limited data exist on the comparative outcomes between Hispanic and non-Hispanic patients in real-world settings as this patient population was likely underrepresented on the original trial. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with early stage TNBC treated on KN522 regimen and undergoing surgery at a single tertiary center from July 2021 to present. Patients were stratified into Hispanic and non-Hispanic ethnicity cohorts. The primary endpoint was pCR rate, and secondary endpoints was incidence of adverse effects (AEs). Results: Among a cohort of 41 patients identified, 26 (63%) were of Hispanic and 15 (37%) were non-Hispanic. The pCR rate was 50% among Hispanic and 53% among non-Hispanic patients (p=0.83). Hispanic patients experienced higher rates of anemia (88% vs. 67%, p=0.06), fatigue (85% vs. 60%, p=0.07), skin rash (46% vs. 27%, p=0.21), and endocrine toxicities (23% vs. 13%, p=0.21). However, Hispanic patient also had fewer hospitalizations (35% vs. 47%, p=0.44), dose-modifications (12% vs. 40%, p=0.53), dose omissions (19% vs. 33%, p=0.31), and showed higher KN522 completion rates (81% vs. 53%, p=0.06). Conclusions: Our findings indicate a comparable pCR rate between Hispanic and non-Hispanic patients with early-stage TNBC receiving KN522 therapy. While Hispanic patients exhibited higher incidences of certain adverse effects, they demonstrated lower rates of hospitalizations, dose modifications, and omissions, alongside a notably higher completion rate of the KN522 regimen. These trends may be attributed to various factors such as genetic predispositions, and potentially differential physiological responses to therapy within this ethnic group. These findings underscore the importance of including minorities, such as Hispanic patients, in clinical trial populations to ensure that treatment outcomes are representative of diverse patient demographics. [Table: see text]

Prognostic factors of tongue cancer in children and adolescents: A SEER population-based study.

This study aims to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes of tongue cancer in the pediatric population, a topic with limited existing data, using a population-based cohort. Pediatric patients diagnosed with tongue cancer from 1975 to 2018 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Survival rates were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Univariate survival analysis was conducted with the log-rank test, while multivariate analysis involved Cox proportional-hazards regression to identify factors influencing overall survival (OS). A predictive nomogram was developed based on Cox regression findings. In total, 97 pediatric patients with tongue cancer were identified, with a median age at diagnosis of 15 years (range: 1-19 years). Tumors were classified as squamous cell carcinoma (45.4%), rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) (13.4%), and others (41.2%). Of the patients, squamous cell carcinoma was more common in older children, whereas rhabdomyosarcoma was more common in younger children. The Cox proportional hazard regression revealed that histology and surgery were significant independent predictors of overall survival. The chance of death increased with no surgery. Moreover, patients with squamous cell carcinoma or rhabdomyosarcoma have a poorer survival percentage than patients with other subtypes. Tongue cancer in children is rare and associated with poor survival outcomes. This study highlights the significance of tumor histology and surgical intervention in determining overall survival, offering valuable insights for clinical decision-making in pediatric tongue cancer.

NPTX1 Mediates the Facilitating Effects of Hypoxia-Stimulated Human Adipocytes on Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Activation and Autologous Adipose Graft Survival Rate.

Autologous adipose tissue is an ideal material for soft tissue filling and transplantation; however, high volumes of fat absorption over time lead to a relatively low overall survival percentage. The survival and differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in the transplanted microenvironment might improve adipose graft survival. Adipocytes have been reported to affect ADSC activation. However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Human ADSCs were incubated in a culture medium supplemented with hypoxic or normoxic conditioned culture medium (CM) derived from human adipocytes. Neuronal Pentraxin 1 (NPTX1) was overexpressed or knocked down in human adipocytes using an overexpression vector (NPTX1 OE) or small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection, respectively. ADSC differentiation and paracrine secretion were assessed. Nude mice were implanted with human adipocytesand ADSCs. The adipose tissue was subsequently evaluated by histological analysis. CM from hypoxic-stimulated human adipocytes significantly facilitated the differentiation ability and paracrine levels of ADSCs. NPTX1 was significantly up-regulated in human adipocytes exposed to hypoxic conditions. In vitro, CM derived from hypoxia-stimulated human adipocytes or NPTX1-overexpressing human adipocytes exposed to normoxia promoted ADSC differentiation and paracrine; after silencing NPTX1, the facilitating effects of hypoxia-treated human adipocytes on ADSC activation were eliminated. Similarly, in vivo, the NPTX1 OE + normoxia-CM group saw improved histological morphology and fat integrity, less fibrosis and inflammation, and increased vessel numbers compared with the OE NC + normoxia-CM group; the adipocyte grafts of the si-NC + hypoxia-CM group yielded the most improved histological morphology, fat integrity, and the most vessel numbers. However, these enhancements of ADSC activation and adipose graft survival were partially abolished by NPTX1 knockdown in human adipocytes. NPTX1 might mediate the facilitating effects of hypoxia-stimulated human adipocytes on ADSC activation, thereby improving adipose tissue survival rate after autologous fat transplantation and the effectiveness of autologous fat transplantation through promoting ADSC activation. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Growth regulators on shooting and adventitious rooting of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia adult stem cuttings

Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, crucial for fencing and firewood in Brazil's Caatinga dry forest, presents a promising avenue for commercial propagation. The challenges faced in seed propagation, such as the scarcity of inputs and the difficulties in overcoming dormancy, highlight the advantages of vegetative methods. These methods emerge as a viable alternative, enabling uniform and large-scale production of clonal plantlets. This technique ensures consistent plant quality, which is crucial given the wide variety of uses for this species. Additionally, the use of plant growth regulators is critical to enhance the success of vegetative propagation, promoting the formation of robust roots and overall development of plants from cuttings of adult trees. Recognizing the significance of creating clonal forests of M. caesalpiniifolia and the necessity for understanding methods to expedite this endeavor, this study was designed to assess the shooting and adventitious rooting of stem cuttings sourced from adult M. caesalpiniifolia trees, examining the effects of auxinic agents. M. caesalpiniifolia cuttings were harvested through vegetative rescue from six randomly selected adult trees, treated with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at concentrations of 0, 1,000, 2,000, and 4000 mg L−1, using a completely randomized design in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. The evaluations included assessing root presence, number of shoots, vigor of clonal plantlets and plant survival under greenhouse conditions, shade house conditions, and full sun exposure. The study did not reveal any significant interaction between growth regulators and their concentrations under these conditions. IBA at intermediate concentrations enhanced root growth, while cuttings without growth regulators exhibited superior aerial development. A decrease in survival percentages with increasing concentrations of regulators was observed, while cuttings without regulators demonstrated better morphological development. The study suggests for large-scale nurseries, natural rooting and shoot formation in M. caesalpiniifolia cuttings may suffice for successful propagation without IBA or IAA.

Studies on Growth, Development and Establishment of Different Bael (Aegle marmelos L.) Varieties under Prayagraj Agro Climatic Conditions

The objective of the experiment was to work out the "Studies on Growth, development and establishment of different variety of Bael (Aegle marmelos L) for establishment under Prayagraj agro-climatic Condition. So, a field experiment was conducted during session 2022-2023 at, Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom University Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, (SHUATS), Prayagraj (U.P). The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design with 7 Variety (treatment) replicated thrice. The treatments were V1 Narendra Bael-5, V₂ Narendra Bael-6¸V3 Narendra Bael-7,V4 Narendra Bael-9¸V5 Narendra Bael-1 ,V6 Narendra Bael-11, V7 Narendra Bael-8 .V6 was found to be superior in the term of Survival Percentage (94.66%) Plant height (61.30 cm),Number of leaves plant (54.33), Number of branches plant-1 (6.66), Stem diameter (5.36 cm), Plant spread (41.46cm) (E-W) and (43.40 cm) (N-S), Chlorophyll content (50.70) The research conduct will help the farmers to select superior variety of Bael under Prayagraj agro-climatic condition.

Water temperature and immunization period required to establish immunity against the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus vaccine in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Water temperature is a crucial factor for adaptive immune responses in fish vaccinology, wherein the immune effects of vaccines are time × temperature (degree-days) dependent i.e. the higher the water temperature, the faster the fish develop protective immunity in response to the vaccine. In contrast, at low water temperature there happened to be reduced or no protective efficacy of vaccines as reported by several studies. Previously, we developed a squalene and aluminium hydroxide (Sq + Al) – based inactivated viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) vaccine, which showed good promises as a potential immunoprotective agent against VHSV infection in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) with >50% relative percent survival (RPS) at 3 to 40 weeks post-vaccination. In continuation, the present study investigated the role of the ambient water temperatures (at 10, 13, 15, and 20 °C) and immunization periods (10, 20, 30, and 40 days post-vaccination) on the development of protective efficacy of the developed (Sq + Al) – based vaccine in olive flounder using three in vivo experimental trials. The results showed fish immunized at 20 °C obtained significantly high protection starting at 10 dpv (200 degree-days) with a RPS of 86.67% (trial I), 66.67% (trial II), and 90.89% (trial III). Challenge tests at 20, 30, and 40 dpv also conferred a high level of protection when the fish were immunized at 20 °C. Moreover, immunization at 15 and 13 °C showed the best results, the RPS at 20, 30, and 40 dpv were 88.07–90.96% at 15 °C and 87.89–72.84% at 13 °C for trial I and II, respectively. Interestingly, olive flounder immunized at 10 °C also exhibited 20.00–80.02% RPS at 10–40 dpv, however in relative terms the protection was lower and slower as compared to immunization at 13, 15, and 20 °C. In addition, the study also displayed significant upregulation of various immune genes and higher specific antibody titers in the fish immunized both at 10 °C as well as 20 °C (trial III). Further, the vaccine groups showed comparatively high protection when 300 degree-days were reached in the respective groups irrespective of the temperature at which immunization was carried out. Thus, the present study indicates useful guidelines for sufficient time requirement of the (Sq + Al) – based inactivated VHSV vaccine to show its full protective efficacy against the virus in olive flounder.

Development of an artificial propagation and breeding method for the beehorn snail (Clithon diadema)

Beehorn snail (Clithon diadema), known for its vibrant colors, is threatened with extinction due to excessive field collection. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of different diets and salinity (0‰–35‰) on the gonadal development, capsule productivity, embryonic development, and larval survival and growth of C. diadema. Adult snails (shell length: 9.09 ± 0.87 mm) were fed diatoms, including pennate marine diatom (Nitzschia grossestriata), boat-shaped diatom algae (Navicula sp.) and Cylindrotheca sp., along with giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) commercial feed, sea lettuce (Ulva lactuca), or Cladophora fascicularis, while snail larvae (shell length: 154.85 ± 6.03 μm) were fed Isochrysis galbana or Chaetoceros muelleri. The diatom group outperformed commercial feed and U. lactuca groups. The highest capsule productivity, yielding 79–82 capsules in 4 weeks, occurred at 15‰-20‰ salinity for diatom-fed adults. Embryos thrived at 0‰ but didn't hatch; hatching required salinities above 0‰, highlighting saline necessity. In addition, acute salinity changes (0‰ to 30‰) can deform embryo. Embryonic development at 15‰–20‰ salinity lasted 13.56–14.33 days with 100% larval hatching. However, larvae hatched at >20‰ salinity exhibit improved the percentage of survival without feeding (longer median lethal times). I. galbana-fed larvae survived 68 days with a 75% rate, outlasting C. muelleri-fed larvae which perished within 28 days. I. galbana-fed larvae, raised for 68 days at 25‰ salinity, showed 100% survival, 44.44% metamorphosis, and a 3.1 times growth increase. Metamorphosis rates were highest at 25‰ salinity with I. galbana, exceeding the 20‰ group by 3.2 times. Mucus of C. diadema boosts larval metamorphosis to 50.00%, 9 times higher than without inducers. Based on previous results, we developed an artificial propagation and breeding method for C. diadema. Artificially propagating C. diadema in large quantities could reduce the need for wild harvesting, thereby mitigating negative ecological impacts from excessive collection.

Total knee arthroplasty survival rates are lower in younger men,as well as rheumatoid patients and after previous high-tibial osteotomy: A registry study.

The purpose of this study was to investigate if patient's gender significantly affected the long-term outcome of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and to provide a cross-gender comparison of a large patient sample from a single regional register. The Registry of Prosthetic Orthopedic Implant of Emilia Romagna (RIPO) investigated all primary TKAs performed from July 2000 to December 2020 by collecting data of menand womenseparately. Primary bicompartmental and tricompartmental TKAs were included. The survival rates and the reasons for revision were assessed to check if any other factor could have influenced implantfailure. In total,66,032 TKAs were included and analysed, comprising 46,774 women and 19,258 men. The 15-year Kaplan-Meier survival percentage was 93.6% for womenand 92.5% formen (p = 0.001). Men exhibited a higher revision risk following primary TKA(p = 0.012), particularly when the primary diagnosis was arthritis resulting from rheumatic disorders (p = 0.018) and arthritis following high-tibial osteotomy (p = 0.024). Failure risk was also higher for men below the age of 60 years(p = 0.038). The long-term outcome in TKA showed significant differences between men and women, with a significantly lower survival rate in men at 15 years, especially when they areunder 60 years old or with a diagnosis of rheumatic disorders or arthritis following high-tibial osteotomy. It is necessary to design specific studies to have relevant data concerning gender differences in prosthetic surgery and to customise treatments to improve outcome and patient satisfaction. Level III.

In Vitro Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Stability of Pediococcus pentosaceus Isolated from Fermented Maize and Pearl Millet for Possible Novel Chicken Probiotic Development

Research has identified certain bio-based products, such as probiotics, as alternatives to antibiotics for use in animal feed. They are capable of controlling, preventing or minimizing the colonization of the gastrointestinal tract by pathogenic bacteria. To isolate Pediococcus spp. and assess its technological properties for possible probiotic development, maize and pearl millet were used. The cereals were steeped and wet milled after 48 h of fermentation. The milled cereals were kneaded into dough for 24 h, after which a 10% slurry was prepared for tenfold serial dilution to enumerate the LAB by employing pour plate techniques using MRS Agar. Based on the cell morphology of the isolated bacteria, eight isolates (four from maize and four from millet) that were selected for identification using MALDI-TOF MS showed that five were Pediococcus pentosaceus (P. pentosaceus), one was Pediococcus acidilactici, and two did not match any organism. Subsequently, the six isolates were labeled as MZ1, MZ2, MZ3, MZ4 for the maize isolate and MLT5 and MLT7 for the millet isolate. The six Pediococcus spp. were assessed in vitro for acid and bile salt tolerance, gastric juice and intestinal fluid tolerance and antibiotic resistance and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed, and the survivability rate of the strains was calculated. With regard to the mean count, there was a reduction in log10 CFU/mL under the lower pH conditions and their duration of exposure with regard to time. Among the isolates, no differences were noted at the various periods of exposure (0 h, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h) at pH 4 (p > 0.05). However, significant differences were noted at pH 3, 2 and 1 among the isolates (p < 0.05). The percentage survival of MZ4 and MLT7 at pH 1 was higher compared to the other isolates at 0 h. Significant differences were observed among the isolated at pH 2, 3 and 4 across the various periods. The mean count of the isolates in gastric juice was similar at 0 and 1 h, but significant differences were noted at 2 and 3 h, where MLT7 was highest (p < 0.05). A similar trend was observed for percentage survival. The mean count and the percentage survival of isolates under different concentrations of bile salt were similar. Significant differences were noted among isolates in both mean count and percentage survival when exposed to intestinal fluid (p < 0.05). All of the isolates were highly tolerant to the antibiotics tested and possessed antibacterial properties against the selected pathogens. The LABs proved to be good probiotic materials, according to the results obtained. However, the Pediococcus strain MLT7 proved to be the LAB of choice; therefore, its molecular identity was verified using the 16S rRNA sequence and was labeled as Pediococcus pentosaceus GT001 after it was discovered to have 100% similarity with some strains of Pediococcus pentosaceus.

Development and evaluation of the inactivated vaccine against Aeromonas schubertii in hybrid snakehead

Aeromonas schubertii is a global pathogen of fish that causes internal nodular diseases and death in severe cases. In the present study, we isolated nine pathogenic strains from diseased hybrid snakehead (Channa argus♂ × Channa maculata♀) which were formally identified as A. schubertii by molecular identification, including 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequencing. Subsequently, we determined the extracellular enzyme activity of six isolates and compared pathogenicity to investigate potential relationships with geographic characteristics. Two highly pathogenic strains, AS-14 and AS-16, were finally identified as inactivated vaccine candidates. Subsequently, we evaluated different concentrations of the antigen for each vaccine by performing experiments in hybrid snakehead; fish were inoculated with inactivated vaccine via the intraperitoneal route and a booster injection was administered 14 days later. Relative percent survival (RPS) for fish immunized with high doses of the two vaccines (1 × 108 CFU/fish) were 54.4% and 57.4%, respectively; these values were higher than other groups of fish receiving different doses (1 × 106 and 1 × 107 CFU/fish). The bacterial load of tissues harvested from the fish immunized with high doses of the vaccine groups were significantly lower than those of fish immunized with low doses. Titers of specific antibodies against A. schubertii in fish immunized with a high dose of AS-16 vaccine were maintained at high levels when tested six weeks after the booster injection. Furthermore, immune-related genes in the spleen, including MHC I, MHC II, CD4, CD8α and IgM, all exhibited high levels of expression, thus suggesting that hybrid snakehead underwent an adaptive immune response post-vaccination. Collectively, our findings enrich our understanding of the specific causative agents underlying nodular diseases in hybrid snakehead and provide scientific reference guidelines for the development of vaccines against A. schubertii. The development of such vaccines will be conducive to the sustainable development of hybrid snakehead in commercial aquaculture.

Low-cost Nursery Media for Improving Germination of Chip Budded Seedlings for SSI

The quality and vigour of the chip budded seedlings are important components in SSI technology which in turn, depends on the nature of growing media. The most commonly used media for chip budded seedlings is pure coco peat which is a costlier one and availability is also restricted. Hence an alternate organic media to pure coco peat compressing low cost organic sources viz., Press mud, Coco peat, Coir pith, Town Compost and Vermicompost are essential to widespread this technology. Hence, an experiment was conducted at Sugarcane Research Station, Sirugamani in 2013-14 to find out suitable low cost media for producing vigorous seedlings of chip budded seedlings of Sugarcane. The experiment was conducted in RBD with 11 treatments comprising of different media with three replications. The treatments include Composted Coir pith :Vermicompost @2:1 ratio (T1), Composted coir pith + press mud @ 2:1 ratio (T2),Composted Coir pith :Vermicompost @3:1 ratio (T3), Composted coir pith + press mud @ 3:1 ratio (T4), Bagasse + Press mud @ 1:1 ratio (T5), Banana leaf compost: Press mud @1:2ratio (T6), Sugarcane trash Compost + press mud @ 1:1ratio (T7), Municipal Waste (Town Compost) + Sugarcane trash compost + Press mud @ 1:1 ratio (T7), Municipal waste (town Compost) + Sugarcane trash compost @ 1:1 ratio (T8), Composted Coir pith clone (Coco peat) (T9), Press mud alone (T10), Farm boon (composted press mud) (T11). Single budded chip buds from the healthy mother canes o TNAU Sugarcane Si 7 variety were prepared using bud chipper machine and the same was treated with 0.05% Carbendazim, Malathion 2% and Urea @ 1 for 15 minutes. The chip buds were shade dried for 2 hours and then planted in the pro trays filled with the media as per the treatments. The nursery media in different treatments were prepared using bud chipper machine and the same materials as per the treatments, half filed in the pro trays and the treated chip buds were planted in slanting position in the canes of the trays and then covered with the respective media. The trays were incubated for 5 days to induce sprouting and then kept under 50 % shade ned and water was sprinkled every day on the pro trays the grown up seedlings were observed for different growth parameters viz., Germination %, Survival percentage, Root and Shoot length, Shoot and root dry weight, dry matter production and vigour index.The results revealed that there was a significant difference on germination recorded at 20 DAS due to different nursery media tried. Higher germination of 66.93% was observed with T3 treatment (coir pith + Vermicompost @ 3: 1 ratio) It was on par with T6 treatment (Banana leaf Compost: Press mud % 1:2 ratio) and T10 treatment (Press mud alone). Regarding survival % recorded at 30 DAS, the higher revival % was recorded with T3 treatment. However, it was on par with T4, T5 & T10 treatments (Bagasse: press mud @ 1:2 ratio). The lower shoot length was recorded with T11 treatment where the nursery media of farm boon was used. There was no significant difference in influencing root length and number of leaves / seedling and root / shot ratio due to different treatments (nursery media) tried.

Immunobiological status of the organism of young pigs during their triphasic period cultivation and actions of corrective factors

The problem of the impact and consequences of technological stress is accompanied by several reactions that do not always have a positive effect on the animal's body. The work aimed to investigate the dynamics of indicators of the immunobiological status of piglets during their three-phase rearing and the use of immunostimulating agents Globigen® Pig Doser and Globigen® Jump Start. Parallel studies were conducted based on the private farm “Meat Resources” LLC of the Lviv region of the Starosambir district, which practices three-phase pig breeding. The experiment involved 36 analog piglets and hybrids of Landrace and Great White breeds, which were formed into 3 groups of 12 animals each. Piglets of the control group were fed the standard ration provided by the technology. During the first three days of life, newborn piglets of the first experimental group were given 2 ml/gal of liquid Globigen®Pig Doser. The piglets of the second experimental group were given a powdered dry product Globigen®Jump Start, which was added to the main diet at 0.2 % per ton of feed. It was established that the use of means with an immunostimulating effect was accompanied by a decrease in the content of Ig M in the blood samples of experimental groups of piglets. Thus, in the blood serum of 30-day-old piglets under the influence of Globigen® Pig Doser with a high level of probability (Р < 0.02), a decrease in the content of this class of antibodies was found to the level of 1.59 mg/ml, and under the influence of Globigen® Jump Start the content in the blood serum of 60-day-old piglets, having reached the lowest value, was 2.08 mg/ml. The positive effect of immunostimulating agents, which was characterized by an increase in the amount of Ig G, was found in experimental groups of pigs at the age of 60 days: 17.10 mg/ml for the effects of Globigen® Pig Doser and 17.08 mg/ml for the impact of Globigen® Jump Start. The highest content of Ig A with high probability (P < 0.001) was found in blood samples of animals that were given Globigen® Jump Start – 3.45 mg/ml and 3.86 mg/ml under the influence of Globigen® Pig Doser. The practicality and effectiveness of the use of means with immunostimulating properties, the main active ingredient of which is the immunoglobulin of a chicken egg, is explained by the ability to influence the pathogenesis of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, which arise as a result of weakening the resistance of the animal body under the influence of a large number of technological stresses. Research data prove that the specificity of the action of Ig Y has a positive effect on the preservation of the integrity of the villi of the intestinal mucosa, which is reflected by the strengthening of its protective and barrier function, which in general contributes to the increase in the percentage of animal survival: using Globigen®Pig Doser 80.0 % and 86.7 % using Globigen®Jump Start. Based on such results, it can be asserted that the use of Globigen® Pig Doser and Globigen® Jump Start for three-phase pig farming is scientifically justified and economically feasible.

Evaluation of Reproductive and Growth Performance in New Breeds and Hybrids of Bivoltine Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.)

This study aimed to evaluate the reproductive and growth performance of recently developed bivoltine silkworm parental breeds and their hybrids to improve silk production and ensure the long-term sustainability of sericulture. Utilizing five thermotolerant pure breeds (B1, B2, B4, B6 and B8) and four popular CSR breeds (CSR2, CSR27, CSR6 and CSR26), six foundation crosses and eight double hybrids were developed and evaluated for ten traits. Results showed that B1 exhibited superior performance in fecundity (524.00), hatching percentage (98.67%), dead eggs (1.33%), pupal weight (1.31 g), pupation rate (96.84%) and cumulative survival index (CSI) (93.84%). The foundation cross B1 × B2 excelled in fecundity (553.67), larval mortality (2.67%), pupal weight (1.53 g), ERR (97.33%) and CSI (93.27%) while FC2 performed better in hatching percentage (97.60%), dead eggs percentage (2.40%), fifth instar larval duration (157.21 h), fifth instar larval weight (35.64 g/10 larvae) and pupation rate (96.33%). Among the double hybrids, (B1 × B2) × (FC1) demonstrated superior performance in fecundity (614.33), larval mortality (1.41%), pupal weight (2.06 g), ERR (98.59%) and CSI (97.24%). FC2 × FC1 excelled in larval duration (141.11 h), fifth instar larval weight (51.96 g/10 larvae) and pupation rate (98.94%). Double hybrids showed significant improvements compared to parental breeds and foundation crosses, indicating potential for field testing and further development. These results indicate the potential of using the newly identified breeds and foundation crosses in silkworm breeding, particularly in developing new double hybrids as an alternative to established CSR breeds and hybrids.

Germination attributes of metsulfuron-resistant and metsulfuron-susceptible tropical ageratum (Ageratum conyzoides) populations under various environmental conditions

Abstract Tropical ageratum (Ageratum conyzoides L.) is a problematic weed frequently observed in association with commercially important crops in Australian agroecosystems. Knowledge of the germination response of A. conyzoides is crucial for proactively managing this weed species, especially when herbicide resistance is involved. Herbicide screening and metsulfuron dose–response experiments were conducted on two separate populations of A. conyzoides (referred to as Sugarcane and Roadside) in an open environment to identify a metsulfuron-resistant population. Based on the survival percentage in the metsulfuron dose–response experiment, the Sugarcane population was found to be 54 times more resistant compared with the metsulfuron-susceptible population (Roadside). Subsequent laboratory experiments were performed to investigate the differential germination response of the two populations. No germination or emergence difference was observed between the Sugarcane and Roadside populations under various thermal regimes (15/5 to 35/25 C with a 12/12-h photoperiod), salinity levels (0 to 320 mM), osmotic potentials (0 to −1.6 MPa), and burial depths (1 to 4 cm). However, different environmental conditions significantly impacted the germination and emergence of A. conyzoides. Ageratum conyzoides germinated over a wide range of temperatures, with the highest germination rate (>90%) occurring at 30/20 C. With increasing levels of salinity, osmotic potential, and burial depth, the germination/emergence of A. conyzoides declined and was completely inhibited at 300 mM salinity, −0.8 MPa osmotic potential, and a 1-cm burial depth. The data generated from this study will be useful in developing a model-based approach to predict the occurrence of this weed species and thus aid in designing ecologically sustainable integrated weed management protocols.

Utilizing outer membrane proteins (OMPs) as a vaccine to manage motile Aeromonas septicemia (MAS) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with evaluating the vaccine immunoprotective effectiveness

AbstractMotile aeromonads are an opportunistic and heterogenic bacteria that cause motile Aeromonas septicemia (MAS) which is accompanied with variety of clinical signs and lesions in fish. It has been found that their outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are highly immunogenic and may be used as a vaccine candidate. The present study was undertaken to evaluate OMP protection against Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) strain ATCC 7966 (A5 and A8) and A. hydrophila strain DSM 30,187 (A6). Pathogenicity tests revealed that out of 12 isolated strains, seven were highly pathogenic, three were moderate, and two were avirulent. SDS-PAGE analysis of OMPs showed several protein bands (7–22) of different molecular weights ranging from 14 to 346 kDa. The common protein band was 39 kDa. It seems that pathogenicity and the number of protein bands are related in the highly pathogenic strains. Challenged A. hydrophila for Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) previously actively immunized with OMPs (A4, A5, A6, A8, and A11) showed a significant increase in relative percent survival (RPS) ranging from 50 to 100%. Immunological parameters such as immunoglobulin M (IgM), antioxidants (SOD, GSH, and CAT), and nitric oxide (NO) and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) showed a significant increase in OMP-immunized fish. Challenged A. hydrophila for O. niloticus previously passively immunized with OMPs (A4, A5, A6, A8, and A11) in fish-raised sera showed a significant increase in RPS (20 to 100%) in the vaccinated groups. It is concluded that OMPs from Aeromonas spp. have been identified as suitable target for protection development, especially in the case of heterogenic bacteria.

Chondrosarcoma of the Mobile Spine: An Update on Patients Treated at a Single Institution.

Retrospective study. The objective is to report the clinical data for patients treated with mobile spine chondrosarcoma. Chondrosarcoma of the mobile spine is a rare and challenging entity. A handful of case series have been published that report the clinical results of treatment, largely influenced by chondrosarcoma of the appendicular skeleton and pelvis. The clinical results of patients treated for chondrosarcoma of the mobile spine from our institution were published over ten years ago and this represents and update since that publication. Inclusion criteria were adults patients treated for chondrosarcoma of the mobile spine at Massachusetts General Hospital between 2007-2020. Patients with large sacral tumors extending into the lumbar spine were excluded. Further, we excluded patients with metastatic chondrosarcoma undergoing palliative decompressions for neurologic instability or instrumented procedures for biomechanical instability. Therefore, only patients undergoing definitive surgery at the primary site of disease in the mobile spine were included. Twenty-four patients were included for review in this series. Seventeen of the 24 patients had their tumors excised with negative (R0) margins. Three of these 17 patients (18%) were dead of disease at final follow-up. There were two patients with R1 resections and five patients with R2 resections. Three of the 7 patients (43%) with positive margins were dead of disease at final follow-up. A Cox proportional hazard analysis indicated total radiation dose was a significant covariate (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.01 - 1.39, P=0.03). We found higher percentages of overall survival with R0 tumor resection and lower histologic grade whereas development of metastatic disease was closely associated with local recurrence and poor survival. Despite the improvements in treatment paradigms, it is sobering that our findings largely mirror those of previous work considering patients treated between 1984 and 2006.

Molecular characterization and bivalent vaccine development of Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas veronii in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

In the present study, nine strains of Aeromonas spp. were isolated from diseased Nile tilapia in Thailand and identified based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis. Phenotypic characterization was performed for all the isolates. For the antimicrobial susceptibility test, all isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, whereas most of the isolates were susceptible to enrofloxacin. Pathogenicity analysis revealed that most A. hydrophila strains were highly virulent to fish, corresponding with the hemolytic activity test demonstrating that clear hemolysis occurred on sheep blood agar. To develop a vaccine for fish against A. veronii and A. hydrophila infection, a bivalent vaccine based on the formalin-killed cells (FKC) of A. veronii A5 and A. hydrophila A9, which showed higher virulence to fish, was prepared. This FKC vaccine was administered to Nile tilapia by intraperitoneal injection. The booster vaccination was conducted at 4 weeks after the first vaccination. The specific antibody titer was evaluated during rearing since the first vaccination, and then at 8 weeks after the first vaccination, the fish were challenged with A. veronii A5 and A. hydrophila A9 via intraperitoneal injection. There is not significance different in relative percentage survival of the vaccinated fish against A. veronii (63.49 ± 19.51%) and A. hydrophila (93.33 ± 6.67%). These results suggest that this candidate bivalent vaccine is effective against both A. veronii and A. hydrophila infection in Nile tilapia and could be an “motile Aeromonas septicemia (MAS)” control measure. However, to obtain the promising vaccine efficacy, the optimization of vaccine formulation might be achieved and be validated vaccine efficacy in field trial.

PSV-21 Pediococcus acidilactici survives an in vitro simulated digestion

Abstract In the swine industry, probiotics are recognized for optimizing growth performance and production efficiency by modulating host physiology, and the response across studies is not consistent. One area of focus is probiotic mitigation of post-weaning diarrhea, and further mechanistic understanding of probiotic and host physiology could help with consistent performance outcomes. An essential attribute of a probiotic is the ability to survive the harsh environments of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The aim of this study was to determine if Pediococcus Acidilactici PECh3A (PA) that has been previously genome sequenced for determining gut physiology mechanisms can survive an in vitro simulated digestion. In the in vitro digestion PA concentrations that were investigated included 108, 109, and 1010 colony forming units (CFU)/mL. The in vitro digestion (n = 4/concentration) consisted of 5 phases with incubation times simulating the GIT; initial inoculation (0 h), gastric (2 h), upper intestinal (4 h), lower intestinal (9 h) and extended lower intestinal phase (9 h). For the initial inoculation concentrations of PA were added into 25 mL of sterile milk replacer representing dietary requirements of a suckling pig. In the gastric phase pepsin was added and pH was adjusted to 2.5. In the upper intestinal phase bile and pancreatin were added, along with a pH adjustment to 6.8. In the lower intestinal phase, the multi-enzyme complex consisting of carbohydrase enzymes was added and pH adjusted to 4.8. There was no addition during the extended lower intestinal phase. At each sample collection at the end of a phase 1 mL was collected from each flask. For each sample, 100 µL were serially diluted, plated on deMan, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) plates, and incubated at 37°C for 24h. Survivability was determined by counting CFUs and comparing the concentration with the initial CFU/mL at 0 h and reported as percent survival (%S). Data for the in vitro digestion were analyzed according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a split plot using the Repeated Measures Glimmix Procedure of SAS. Additional orthogonal contrasts were analyzed across PA concentrations. Data showed survival for 108,109, and 1010CFU/mL at all sample phases (108 - 44.24, 60.14, 58.36, 55.69%S; 109 - 40.56, 55.60, 49.35, 50.7%S; 1010 - 32.98, 52.55, 46.72, 43.71%S ± 2.98 respectively; phase P < 0.01 and concentration P < 0.01). There is evidence of a phase and concentration effect on survivability, but no interaction. A linear concentration response was observed across concentrations (54.61, 49.05, 43.99%S ± 1.23; P < 0.05) indicating that as concentration increases the survivability decreases. These findings indicate that PA PECh3A can survive a simulated GIT and potentially impact swine intestinal physiology.