Percentage Of Rice Husk Ash Research Articles

Mitigation of environmental problems using brick kiln rice husk ash in geopolymer composites for sustainable development

Brick kilns uses assorted amount of rice husk as fuel to fire the stacks of soil bricks. In India, the rice husk ash (RHA) created during the burning process of bricks has yet to be properly exploited. The main focus of this study is to enhance the structural properties of geopolymer composites using brick kiln incinerated rice husk ash waste. The Physico-chemical analysis of brick kiln rice husk ash indicates the presence of high silica (88%) content with the evidence of XRD and FTIR analysis, SEM images shows high porous structure and PSD analysis gives a bonding nature of particle size as binding ingredient. The geopolymer mixes were made manually with different percentage of RHA 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% replaced partially in Siliceous Flyash. To identify suitability of the mixture for geopolymer concrete production, properties like workability and fresh density of the mixture was investigated using manually casted cubes having a size of 100 ​mm and keeping for oven drying at 40° ±2 ​°C upto 24 ​h. Compressive strength as destructive structural test method was investigated at the respective duration of curing. The findings led to the conclusion that increasing the percentages of RHA in the combination improves the mixture for geopolymer concrete composites with the increase of curing time. At 10% RHA addition, the optimal compressive strength of 42.19 ​N/mm2 was achieved. The compressive strength of the RHA was found to decrease by 0.8% at 10% addition, which is negligible when compared to the control geopolymer mix (i.e., mix with 0% RHA), implying that the RHA from brick kilns can be employed to improve the structural qualities of geopolymer concrete composites.

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ABU SEKAM PADI PADA PEMBUATAN BATU BATA TERHADAP KUAT TEKANNYA

The use of bricks in the world of construction, both as structural and non-structural elements, cannot be replaced. This can be seen from the many construction projects that use bricks as walls in building and housing construction, fences, channels, and foundations. Bricks are made from a mixture of soil and water. In this study, the process of making bricks will be tried to mix the soil with the additional material of rice husk ash to determine the effect of changes in the mechanical properties of the bricks in terms of the shrinkage test and compressive strength test. The soil sample used is a type of clay soil originating from Suakarsa Village, Teluk Gelam District, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency. This study used a sample of block-shaped bricks with a length of 19.5 cm, a width of 9.5 cm, and a height of 9 cm. The variations in the composition of rice husk ash added were 0%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 6%. The addition of rice husk ash with a composition percentage of 3% to 6% can affect the mechanical properties of the bricks, namely reducing burnt losses and increasing the compressive strength of the bricks. The minimum burn value was achieved in the percentage of rice husk ash with a variation of 6%, namely by 37.55% burn loss. The optimum compressive strength value is achieved in the percentage of rice husk ash with a variation of 3% with 14 days of age, the compressive strength value is 76.88 Kg / cm². Key Words : Bricks, Rice Husk Ash, Compressive Strength.

Influence of rice husk ash, lime and cement on compaction and strength properties of copper slag

A total of 77 tests have been carried out on various mixes of copper slag (CS), rice husk ash (RHA), hydrated lime (L), ordinary Portland cement (C) in order to find their compaction and strength characteristics. Modified Proctor compaction (MPC) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests have been performed to investigate the compaction and strength behavior of the various combinations, respectively. The void ratio and specific gravity of the individual constituent materials and that of the developed mixes have also been investigated. In appendage X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests were carried out on individual constituent materials and optimum UCS tested samples in order to study the chemical composition and strength enhancement compounds, which were formed. The test results indicated a decrease in MDD, specific gravity and UCS as the percentage of RHA, L and C in a mix is increased and that of the copper slag decreased. Further, with the increase in curing period from 0, 7, 14 and 28 days, there was an improvement in UCS value. A multilinear linear regression analysis (MLRA) has been carried out on the results obtained from UCS tests and the corresponding equation has been developed. Out of the various mixes, the mix with composition of 75% copper slag and 20% rice husk ash mixed with 5% cement has been found to be optimum, in context of its strength. The test results revealed a potential of the developed mixes to be used as a construction material for sub-base layers of the flexible pavements, construction of embankments and as filler material.

Strength and Microfabric of Expansive Soil Improved with Rice Husk Ash and Lime

Expansive soil has harmful effect on engineering. Rice husk ash (RHA) has high pozzolanic activity, so it can form new cementing material with lime or cement to solidify soil. In this paper, the tests of free expansion rate, water ratio limit, and optimum moisture content (OMC) are carried out; then, RHA and lime were added to artificial soil in different proportions of 5, 10, 15, and 20% by weight, in which the ratio of RHA to lime is 80 : 20. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) in different curing age is measured, and the improvement effect of RHA and lime to expansive soil can be obtained. Finally, the reason of improvement effect is explained by using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results of the study show that (1) for the best utilization effect, the optimum percentage of RHA is 12% and lime is 3%; (2) the UCS is 2.6 times of the pure soil after curing of 14 d under the optimum percentage; (3) the curing age has a significant effect on strength; (4) the main reason for the strength increase of the modified soil is that the crystal produced by the pozzolanic activity fills the pores of the soil.

Experimental investigation of Rice Husk Ash on compressive strength, carbonation and corrosion resistance of reinforced concrete

ABSTRACT Reinforcement corrosion in concrete has become a major factor affecting durability of reinforced concrete structures. Corrosion of reinforcement is a continuous process. It cannot be eliminated completely. But its rate can be prevented with the help of corrosion inhibitors, either by acting as a barrier, by forming an adsorbed layer on the reinforcement surface or by retarding the cathodic or anodic processes of corrosion. The hazardous effects of synthetic inhibitors have led to the utilisation of alternative non-toxic, eco-friendly plant extracts, generally known as green corrosion inhibitors. The study aims to investigate the effect of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as a green corrosion inhibitor on the durability of reinforced concrete. The compressive strength, carbonation depth and corrosion rate of RHA concrete has been studied. The results showed that the compressive strength increased with the increase in percentage of RHA upto 15% replacement of cement. However, a decrease in compressive strength was noticed from 15 to 20% replacement. It was also observed that the carbonation depth gets increased with the increase in percentage of RHA. From the corrosion tests, it was observed that the corrosion rate decreases with the increase in RHA percentage, hence increasing the inhibition efficiency of the concrete.

A comparative investigation of the unit cost for the preparation of modified sand and clay bricks from rice husk waste

Rice husk (RH) is produced in large quantities in Egypt and burned in open atmosphere to produce RH ash (RHA), which poses a great risk to the environment by affecting the land and the surrounding areas in which it is disposed of. Consequently, this work is an attempt to prepare a modified sand/lime brick, employing a mixture of sand and different percentages of RHA (5%, 10%, and 15%) with 15% of burned calcite. The compressive strength and bulk density of the prepared sand bricks were determined. Further, the phase composition and structure of the surface of the samples were also identified by Fourier-transform infrared (FT–IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. It was confirmed that the modified sand/lime brick, composed of 80% sand, 5% RHA, and 15% lime, exhibited the best results. The obtained bulk density and compressive strength were 1.82 g/cm3 and 103 kg/cm2, respectively. A comparative estimation of the unit cost of the modified RHA–sand/lime brick and those of two other brick types, namely clay/RH and cement/RHA bricks, which had been prepared and reported by the authors, was performed. It was concluded that the partial replacement of RH, as solid agricultural waste, in the manufacture of building bricks can reduce the cost significantly, as 20% RH substitution (yielding 5% RHA) in the sand brick, 10% RH substitution in the clay brick, and also 20% RH substitution (yielding 5% RHA) in the cement brick, resulting in 14%, 42.8%, and 25% unit cost reductions, respectively.

Fabrication and characterization of Al7075 / RHA /Mica composite by squeeze casting

The aim of the present study is focused on the fabrication and characterizationof high performance aluminium composite material with agro waste reinforcements. The base material selected for the composite development is Aluminium 7075 whereas the rice husk ash (RHA) and mica is preferred as reinforcement. The fabrication methodology selected to process this innovative composite is squeeze casting in which the weight percentage of rice husk ash in aluminium surface is varied from 0 to 15% with steady rise of 5% whereas mica % is fixed as 3. The fabricated composite is characterized for its hardness, toughness, tensile and wear properties. The results reveals that the manufactured economical composite is harder than the base material and it posses high toughness and tensile strength also.

Experimental evaluation of surface finish in cylindrical grinding of Al7075/RHA/BN composite

The present study is focused on the fabrication and machinability analysis of economical composite material with agro waste reinforcements. The base material is Aluminium 7075 whereas the rice husk ash (RHA) is preferred as reinforcement to fabricate this innovative composite through squeeze casting. A minimal amount of (2%) BN is also added to improve the surface roughness. The weight percentage of RHA is varied from 5 to 15% with steady rise of 5%. The fabricated composite is analyzed for its machinability in cylindrical grinding process with surface roughness (Ra) as an objective function. The input parameters taken into considerations are RHA%, table feed and depth of cut. The results indicated that the surface roughness of the composite is heavily influenced by the reinforced RHA wherein table feed and depth of cut has negative effect over the surface finish.

The influence of MgO addition on the performance of alkali-activated materials with slag−rice husk ash blending

This paper investigates the effects of adding magnesium oxide (MgO) on the engineering properties and microstructure of alkali-activated slag (AAS)-rice husk ash (RHA) paste that has been produced using an aqueous mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate as the crucial activator. Three percentages (20%, 30% and 40%) of RHA as partial replacement of slag and four percentages (2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%) of MgO in the binary mixture of slag and RHA were used to manufacture the MgO-modified, alkali-activated slag-RHA mixture (AASR). These mixtures were then compared with the reference AAS, which was manufactured without RHA and MgO. Experimental results showed that the higher RHA and MgO levels caused a negative effect on the workability of AASR fresh samples. The 20% RHA percentage samples exhibited the best engineering properties of all of the samples and superior engineering properties to the reference AAS. Moreover, adding 7.5% MgO significantly improved the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of the AASR paste samples. Finally, microstructural examination using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) identified hydrotalcite-like phase (Ht), C–S–H as the primary hydration products of the MgO-modified AASR, included with cristobalite, and un-hydrated MgO.

MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION ON TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF HYBRID AL MMC BY GREY RELATION ANALYSIS

In this research, stir casting method was utilized to developed Aluminium metal matrix composite. Varying percentage of rice husk ash (5, 10, 15 wt. %) and constant wt. % of molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) (3 wt. %) was used as reinforcement to improve the wear resistance of base material. Tribological behaviour of hybrid composite was studies with various wear parameter viz. applied load (10, 20, 30N) and sliding velocity (2, 4, 6 m/s). Taguchi approach was adopted for design of experiment. Multi objective optimization of wear parameter has been carried by Grey relation analysis. Results revealed that applied load acts as the major parameter for governing the wear parameter and other parameter exhibits least influence.

Influence of uncontrolled burn rice husk ash on engineering properties of cement-admixed fine-grained soil

ABSTRACT This research investigates the performance of cement-admixed fine-grained soil with rice husk ash (RHA) for its sustainable development. In this study, Ordinary Portland Cement Type I is used with RHA obtained from uncontrolled incineration process. The performance of cement-admixed soil with different percentages of RHA is evaluated based on plasticity, compressibility, remoulding water content, and strength properties. Testing results indicate that the compressibility properties are improved with the increase of additives content. However, plasticity increased with the addition of cement in stabilised soil and decreased with the further addition of RHA. Besides, the unconfined compression test results represented that the strength of soil-cement mixtures increased about 2 to 8 times with the addition of cement in soil samples. Also, the unconfined compressive strength of soil-cement-RHA mixtures amplified about 2 times concerning the test result from cement-admixed fine-grained soil reliant on the content of the additive and curing period, which indicates that RHA can be a feasible additive to enhance the strength properties of cement-soil mixtures. The strength is decreased considerably with the increase of remoulding water content. Based on the test results, it is suggested that optimum cement, RHA, and remoulding water content are about 6%, 6%, and 60%, respectively.

Stabilisation of Red Soil By using Coconut Coir Fibre and Rice Husk Ash

The focus of this report is to study the feasibility of stabilizing the soil by using rice husk ash and coconut coir fibre, thus re-using the waste materials and providing an economical and eco-friendly method of soil stabilization. Soil stabilisation is a system to treat the soil to improve the performance of the soil. The capacity, rice husk ash as stabilizing additive to expansive soil is evaluated for the enhancing engineering properties of expansive soil. The Assessment includes the dedication of the swelling capacity, plastic limit, liquid limit, plasticity index, cohesion & compaction characteristics of the expansive soil. For the soil which lacks enough stability, various stabilization techniques can be adopted. Various percentage of rice husk ash and coconut coir Fibre (5% to 25%). the practices were executed on 5 proportions 5% ,10%,15%, 20% and 25% with the sample. The optimum value of the assessment is found at the proportion of 15% in table 3i.e.the value of unconfined compressive strength is 142kN/m2. Expansive clays are very problematic soils and not suitable for construction. Because of the change in volume when it exposes to water. Usually in rainy season, they absorb water and swells and in summer it shrinks.

Assessment of Surface Roughness in EDM of RHA, Cu and Mg Reinforced Hybrid MMC using L27 Taguchi’s Orthogonal Array Technique

The goal of this research is to develop Al alloy 6061 matrix composites of lower cost with higher performance with the using agricultural waste Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as a major reinforcement. The weight percentage of RHA at 6,8 and 10 % is used in the basic matrix of Al6061 alloy. The copper (Cu) and magnesium (Mg) are kept at constant level i.e 3% and 1 % of weight(wt) respectively. The Al-matrix hybrid composites have been developed by stir casting method. The investigation has been made to explore the effect of different weight percentage of RHA reinforced hybrid composite and other machining factors on Surface Roughness(SR) for machining of Al matrix hybrid composites using electric discharge machining (EDM) by Taguchi’s approach. An L27 Orthogonal Array (OA) for 6 different factors each at 3 stages, has been selected to perform the experiments. Optimal combination of SR-related parameters of machining and the significant parameters has been highlighted. Machined surfaces have been characterised by SEM micrographs

Characterization and utilization of rice husk ash (RHA) in fly ash – Blast furnace slag based geopolymer concrete for sustainable future

Rice husk ash is an agro-waste of rice milling industries produced more than 20 million tons per annum globally, causing various environmental and public health issues. The first part of this study attempted to analyse its physical, chemical, and microstructural properties with different advanced analytical techniques, such as- XRF, XRD, PSA, FTIR, and FESEM. Furthermore, the experimental program has been conducted to study the behaviour of fly ash- blast furnace slag based geopolymer concrete with different percentage of rice husk ash inclusion for its utilization in geopolymer concrete. The result explicates that with an increasing percentage of RHA in geopolymer concrete, both the workability and compressive strength reduces. Nevertheless, the geopolymer concrete with 10% RHA exhibited a compressive strength of 25 MPa; the grade of concrete which is widely accepted for most of the construction works which ultimately widens the scope of RHA for a greener binder synthesis through geopolymerization.

Contrastive Analysis on Mechanical Properties of M Sand and River Sand Cement Mortar Bricks With Partial Restoration of Rice Husk Ash

Normally Rice Husk Ash (RHA) is treated as agricultural waste that do not afford any human feed products across the globe, these kind of agricultural waste can be converted into a convenient product and also M sand is used as a substitute for the river sand, the proportions of river sand from 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, 0% were restored by M sand, along with that rice husk ash in various proportions from 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% to determine the optimum percentage of rice husk ash without affecting strength properties of bricks. The optimum restoration of 35% of RHA delivered the average compressive strength of 5.34 MPa which is higher than that of common buildingbricks.

The use of rice husk ash as admixture in producing self-compacting concrete

Admixtures are incorporated into concrete in today’s world in order to achieve variety of goals. This research study the use of rice husk ash as an admixture in producing self-compacting concrete. The rice husk ash is varied in different percentages (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30%) as partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) to know if it improves the properties of fresh and hardened properties of the self-compacting concrete. The superplasticizer used was conplast SP 430 and the water cement ratio 0.35 was kept constant throughout all mix. Rice husk ash is a good super-pozzolan which is used to make special concrete mixes, in which the slump Flow, T50cm slump, V-funnel and the L-box test was used to test for the workability of the fresh concrete mix and the compressive strength of each mix was tested to know the specific strength of each self-compacting mix with varying percentage of rice husk ash at 7, 14 and 28 days of curing.

Influence of local rice husks ash on compressive strength of normal-strength concrete

It is well known that rice husks ash can be used as cementitous material. However, different climate and geographical conditions could provide different quality of the ash. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of different percentage of rice husk ash (RHA) taken from Oesao village in Nusa Tenggara Timur-Indonesia on compressive strength of normal-strength concrete. Eight specimens with diameter of 150 mm and height of 300 mm made of normal-strength concrete with replacement of .0%, 5.0%, 10%, 15% of Portland cement with RHA were cast, prepared, and tested until failure. It is found that the maximum strength was observed on specimen with replacement of 10% of the ash.

Estimation of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and Rice Husk Ash Cementing Efficiency in Low and Medium Grade Self-Compacting Concretes

Ternary blended Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) made with rice husk ash (RHA) and GGBFS (ground granulated blast furnace slag) has developed as a substitute to normal concrete. It has advantages such as less cement usage, energy usage, cost and for other ecological and socio-economic benefits. The current work quantifies the 3, 7 and 28-days cementitious efficiency for various percentages of RHA and GGBFS combination in SCC. The usage of GGBFS in M20 and M40 SCC reduces workability but increases compressive and tensile strength when compared with OPC based SCC. The optimum GGBFS is found to be 30% for low and medium strength levels of SCC. For M20 and M40, 30% GGBFS reduces workability slightly but still within desired limits. So after various trial mixes it was found that 27% GGBFS by weight of OPC and 3% RHA by weight of GGBFS quantity can be admixed to OPC SCC to achieve similar strength and workability and also better rate of strength regain in early days of hardening. In M20 and M40 grades of SCC, 3% RHA by weight of GGBFS quantity is replaced. Due to addition of GGBFS to SCC will enhance the later age compressive strength but early age compressive strength decreases while the desired workability is controlled using SP appropriately. This is true for all grades of GGBFS based SCC. In M20 GGBFS based SCC, the strength gain at 3 days is nearly 9% but the compressive strength at 28 days increased by 31%. In M40, GGBFS based SCC, the strength gain at 3 days is nearly 14% but the compressive strength at 28 days increased by 21%. RHA is added as replacement of cement to improve the early age strength of SCC. RHA addition to concrete as cement replacement may help to improve strength marginally but impacts the workability drastically so SP should be used controllably to attain the desired workability. In M20 GGBFS+RHA based SCC, the compressive strength enhancement at 3 days is 21% and the compressive strength at 28 days increased by 46%. In M40, GGBFS+RHA based SCC, the compressive strength enhancement at 3 days is 20% and at 28 days increased by 34%. Similarly tensile strength in all grades of GGBFS and RHA admixed SCC increases by around 15 to 34% in M20 grade and 9 to 36% in M40 grade SCC mix. So it can be concluded that RHA and GGBS combination principally yields early strength which is not possible in SCC mixes primary made with fly ash.

The effect of partial replacement of Nigerian Portland limestone cement with rice husk ash agricultural waste in concrete

Rice Husk is an agricultural waste which when burnt under controlled temperature, produces an ash Rice Husk Ash (RHA) owing to its rich content in silica, which is used as a super-pozzolanic material for the partial replacement of Cement in concrete. Presently, large amounts of RHA are generated in both Rural and Small-Scale Industries which has a high impact on the environment. In this work, Portland limestone cement (PLC) was partially replaced at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% with RHA. A control of 0% PLC replacement was adopted. Compressive strength was investigated A mix ratio of 1: 1.12 : 3.07 with water-cement ratio of 0.5 was adopted for a curing period of 7, 14, 28, 60 & 90 days. The result showed that the compressive strength decreased as the percentage of RHA increased. At 90 days, compressive strength of 34.12, 29.70, 28.30, 26.67, 24.48, 23.96 and 23.42N/mm2 was recorded for 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% replacement level respectively. It was recommended that further work should be investigated to check for the suitability of partial replacement of other grades of Nigerian cement with RHA in concrete.

Influence of Rice Husk Ash on the Swelling and Strength Characteristics of Expansive Soil

Black cotton soils are expansive soils which exhibit high swelling and shrinking when exposed to changes in moisture content. Durability of structure resting on expansive clays is always in question due to swelling/shrinkage of such clays. The performance of paved and unpaved road pavements constructed over such expansive soil subgrades is often poor and in most cases show cracking, potholes, wheel path rutting, serious differential settlements and heaving in various locations. In addition to problems related to expansive soils another problem arising in all developing and developed countries is due to the wastes generated from various activities which not only cause severe environmental problems, but also occupy a huge area of land for its disposal. Rice husk ash (RHA) is one such wastes produced from the burning of rice husk and if used as an additive to expansive soil shall not only significantly reduce the swelling/shrinkage characteristics of such soils but also solve the environmental and disposal problems being created by the ash. The paper presents the results of an experimental investigation conducted to study the effect of RHA on swelling, shrinkage and compaction characteristics of the expansive soil. The RHA was mixed with expansive soil in varying proportions. Free swell index, Atterberg limits, light compaction tests, unconsolidated undrained triaxial compression tests, California bearing ratio tests were carried out with specimens containing varying percentages of RHA. It is concluded that addition of RHA in appropriate proportions not only reduces the swelling and shrinkage behavior of expansive soil significantly but also makes it more stable.