Percent Retention Research Articles

Effect of pretreatment and temperature on the drying kinetics and physicochemical and techno-functional characteristics of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima)

The study was carried out to assess fresh slices and thermally pretreated pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) dried at temperatures of 55 °C, 60 °C, 65 °C, and 70 °C. The drying kinetics and quality attributes of the dried product were determined, and results indicated that the modified Page model was the best fit, with activation energies of 29.47 kJ mol−1 and 16.06 kJ mol−1 for drying fresh and thermally pretreated slices, respectively. A significant effect (p < 0.05) related to thermal pretreatment and temperature was evidenced on the physicochemical properties. The fresh pulp powders presented the following ranges of moisture and color (ΔE), 7.10%–8.31% w.b.; 21.23–25.23, respectively, and for the pretreated pulp powders, they were 8.94%–11.54% w.b., and from 19.00- 28.30, respectively. There were no significant effects on the techno-functional properties in the powders; cold water solubility was 5.36%–6.46%, water absorption capacity was 3.42–6.52 g/g, and oil absorption capacity was 1.00–1.30 g/g. The carbohydrate and fiber contents significantly decreased in the pretreated powder. An increase in antioxidant activity was found in fresh and thermally pretreated pulp powder at a temperature of 70 °C, presenting values between 2.23-2.98 μmol Trolox equivalent g−1d.b. evaluated by the DPPH method and between 40.48-45.92 μmol Trolox equivalent g−1d.b. by ABTS, and no significant differences (p > 0.05) were determined after pulp pretreatment. The total content of carotenoids presented retention percentages for fresh pulp powders of 52.09%, 41.92%, 30.55%, and 22.79%, while for pretreated pulp powders, they were 30.67%, 32.86%, 24.84%, and 14.71% when dried at temperatures of 55 °C, 60 °C, 65 °C, and 70 °C, respectively. The powders obtained from heat-pretreated pumpkin pulp showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in physicochemical characteristics and total carotenoids, but they were not found (p > 0.05) in the techno-functional properties and antioxidant activity evaluated by the DPPH and ABTS methods.

Optimization of process conditions for the removal of zinc and lead by ultrafiltration using biopolymer

Water pollution by the discharge of industrial effluents containing heavy metal contaminants has become a worldwide environmental problem. The major pollutants present in industrial effluents are Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Pb(II), and Cr(VI). To protect the environment from the harmful effects of these heavy metals, we need a proficient technology. The size-enhanced ultrafiltration (SEUF) is a competent technique for the removal and recovery of heavy metal contaminants from the effluent. This paper deals with the removal of Zn(II) and Pb(II) by size-enhanced ultrafiltration with biopolymer carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh). The design of experiments was performed by response surface methodology (RSM). The significance of the process parameters and the predicted model equations have been validated through analysis of variance (ANOVA). The effects of process conditions such as pH of feed solution, loading rate, and concentration of metal ions on percentage retention and binding capacity of CMCh have been investigated. The optimized process parameters have been compared with the experimental findings. The results depict the success of the process in the removal and recovery of Zn(II) and Pb(II) by SEUF using carboxymethyl chitosan. The characteristics of CMCh complexation with metal ions have been analyzed through SEM and EDAX and FTIR.

Vegetative propagation, chemical composition and antioxidant activity of yerba mate genotypes

AbstractIlex paraguariensis, commonly known as yerba mate, is a tree species native to South America. Its commercial value is due to the manufacturing of teas, with potential also in the pharmacological and cosmetic industries. Vegetative propagation of yerba mate is considered an innovation to the traditional production systems based on sexual propagation. The present study aimed to evaluate the rhizogenic potential and chemical attributes of mini-cuttings from 15 yerba mate genotypes, as well as to verify the correlation between phytochemical and rooting-related variables. Mini-cuttings were collected from a pre-existing mini-clonal hedge and the experimental design was completely randomized, with 15 treatments (genotypes), four replications and 10 mini-cuttings per plot. After 120 days, mini-cuttings were assessed regarding rooting, mortality, callogenesis and leaf retention percentages, percentage of mini-cuttings with both calluses and roots, number of roots and average root length. At the time of collection, subsamples from each plot were used for phytochemical analyses including total phenolic compounds, protein, caffeine and theobromine contents and antioxidant activity. Rooting percentages ranged from 5 to 72.5%, with significant variation among genotypes. Adventitious rooting and phytochemical profile of yerba mate mini-cuttings are genotype-dependent. Leaf retention is a relevant factor in the rooting of yerba mate mini-cuttings and the levels of total phenolic compounds, antioxidants and theobromine present in mini-cuttings are negatively correlated components toIlex paraguariensisadventitious rooting.

Utilization of pelleted and extruded feed by blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala: Insights from growth performance, health status and feed cost.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the utilization of both pelleted feed (PF) and extruded feed (EF) by blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala based on growth performance, stress responses, innate immunity and disease resistance. Both the PF and EF were prepared with the same formula. Fish were divided randomly into 2 groups, including one fed the PF continuously and one offered the EF continuously. The whole feeding trial lasted 8weeks, after which fish were subjected to Aeromonas hydrophila infection. The results showed that the feed intake, feed conversion ratio, hepatic total superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione content, plasma complement 3 and complement 4 levels as well as myeloperoxidase activity of the EF group were all significantly lower than those of the PF group, while the opposite was true for the condition factor, the viscera index, the abdominal fat percentage, nitrogen and energy retention, hepatic malondialdehyde content, plasma levels of cortisol, glucose, lactate, total protein and globulin as well as the activities of plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. In addition, the EF group also obtained relatively low activities of hepatic glutathione peroxidase and plasma acid phosphatase as well as high cumulative mortality rates at 24-96h after Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. Furthermore, the feed cost of culturing this species with EF is lower than that with PF. These findings indicated that compared with PF, EF could increase the feed utilization and economic benefits of blunt snout bream, but reduce its anti-stress ability, non-specific immunity, A. hydrophila resistance and feed cost.

Features of Foreclosure on the Salary of a Citizen-Debtor

In the article on the level of theory, legislation and judicial practice are analyzed following contradiction: on the one hand, the bailiff as an enforcement authority the power conferred upon him by law functions (article 68, 98 of the Federal law N 229-FZ) is not entitled and obliged to foreclose on the debtor»s income; on the other hand, even when setting minimum retention percentage of such income remaining amount from the debtor of the earnings will be below the value required to maintain a minimum level of security. When foreclosing on such income, the rights of the debtor to maintain the necessary minimum of funds will be violated, and in the case of refusal to foreclose on income, the rights of the claimant, confirmed by a court act that has entered into force, will be violated.

Combining Michaelis-Menten theory and enzyme deactivation reactions for the kinetic study of enzymatic hydrolysis by different pretreated sugarcane bagasse

Conversion of lignocellulose to sugar depends on expensive cellulase and xylanase, hence, improvement of enzyme utilization is important. Enzymatic kinetics can guide researchers toward efficient enzymes utilization. Based on Michaelis-Menten theory and enzyme deactivation reactions, the novel kinetic models describing sugar (glucose and xylose) yield are deduced. The model based on second-order reaction is significantly superior compared to first-order reaction, which is verified by initial and maximum hydrolytic rate. Hydrolytic rate displays a linear relationship with enzyme loading. Sugar yield differs in enzymatic hydrolysis of various pretreated substrates, which is explained by the preferred model. Enzyme deactivation based on the model shows that higher enzyme loading results in reduced activity retention percentage, due to feedback inhibition of products and ineffective adsorption of substrate to enzyme during the hydrolytic process. Therefore, the developed model allows more in-depth study of enzymatic kinetics and provides a useful guide for efficient enzyme utilization.

DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF MANNOSYLATED NARINGENIN LOADED TRANSFERSOMES USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY FOR SKIN CARCINOMA

Objective: The flavonoidal drug Naringenin offers a natural defense against free radical generation due to their antioxidant i.e. free radical scavenging property. The continuation of research work towards the invention of targeting the flavonoidal drug for skin carcinoma. Naringenin is a potent antioxidant, having remarkable reactive oxygen species scavenging potential and abundantly found in citrus fruits.&#x0D; Methods: The optimization of the formulated mannosylated naringenin-loaded transfersomes (MA-NgTfs) was performed using Box–Behnken statistical design to obtain crucial variable parameters that influence vesicular size, size distribution and surface charge. Therefore keeping both the concepts in mind our objective is to design and optimize the mannosylated naringenin loaded transfersomes (MA-NgTfs) for macropahge targeting. The Box Behnken with 3D surface response design graph was employed to optimize the formulation.&#x0D; Results: Phospholipids and surfactant ratio played a remarkable role to determine the mean vesicular size and the Zeta potential of the vesicles. The Zeta potential is found in the formulation having a range of-18.01±1.05 to-28.7±1.008 mV represents the good stability of the formulation. The vesicles size range was found in the range of 102.4±1.01 to 263.74±0.63 and range of Entrapment efficiency of nanovesicles was as 72.04±1.53 to 82.04±0.81. In vitro drug release study shows that mannosylated naringenin loaded transfersomes (MA-NgTfs), and marketed formulation dispersion was found 69.31 %, 62.03 %, 58.71 %, and 65.02 % respectively. Ex vivo skin permeation and deposition study shows that the marketed product and pure drug suspension optimized transfersomes through the skin of mice was of flux 6.5±3.07 and the percentage of drug retention was 0.76±1.26. The results gave us strong evidence of cellular uptake bymannose–directed transfersomes via mannose receptor-based endocytosis.&#x0D; Conclusion: On the basis of findings, the study revealed that the prepared formulation has characteristic potential for targeting and the concept of ligand directed nanocarrier formulation was imparts synergistic effect against UV-induced skin carcinoma.

Following H.N. over 21 years: recency change and reduced retention predict later impairment in memory, and recency ratio may combine both effects

ABSTRACT The study follows an intellectually superior patient from initial subjective memory complaints to MCI and dementia over 21 years. Primary memory measures, process- and reliable change-measures from 12 assessments with the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) were analyzed as well as experimental measures of retrieval and Recency-Ratio (Rr) combining traditional recency measures with selective retrieval impairments of recency items.Recency change preceded normatively impaired memory by four years, and retention percentage by two years. Rr indicated risk for MCI conversion 13 years prior to receiving that diagnosis, and is an interesting measure for early detection of dementia in CVLT

Impact of organic manure on fruit set, fruit retention, yield, and nutritional status in pomegranate (Punica granatum L. "Wonderful") under water and mineral fertilization deficits.

This research was conducted on mature pomegranate (Punica granatum L. “Wonderful”) trees growing at a site located in North Coast, Matrouh Governorate, Egypt. The aim was to investigate the impacts of different irrigation regimes in combination with different fertilizer regimes on the fruit set, fruit retention, yield, and nutritional status of the trees. The experimental factors were arranged in a split-plot design, with four replicates per treatment combination. The results indicated that all of the characteristics measured, including leaves nutritional status, percentages of fruit set, fruit drop, fruit retention, fruit cracking, fruit sunburn, and marketable fruit, and yield were significantly affected by the interaction between the irrigation treatment which denoted by percentages of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and fertilizer regime. The application of 75% mineral fertilizer + 25% organic manure under deficit irrigation of 80% ETo increased the yield by an average of 18.23% over the 2 years compared with 100% mineral fertilization under full irrigation, while 50% mineral fertilizer + 50% organic matter under 80% ETo gave the maximum percentage of marketable fruit (86.23% and 86.84% in 2018 and 2019, respectively). The maximum water use efficiency was obtained with the 80% ETo treatment combined with 75% mineral fertilizer + 25% organic manure in both seasons with values of 9.69 and 10.06 kg/m3 applied water, respectively. These results demonstrate that under the field conditions at the experimental site, the fruit set and retention could be improved by applying a reduced amount of mineral fertilizer in combination with organic manure and less irrigation water.

Pain-guided activity modification during treatment for patellar tendinopathy: a feasibility and pilot randomized clinical trial

BackgroundActivity modification is a key component of patellar tendinopathy treatment but there is a lack of evidence guiding activity modification prescription. Use of activity modification in treatment studies has varied widely and the impact of those recommendations has not been directly investigated or compared. The purpose of this study was to assess (1) the feasibility of using pain-guided activity modification during treatment for patellar tendinopathy and (2) if our outcome measures are responsive to changes in tendon health over the course of treatment.MethodsThis was an unblinded, randomized two-arm pilot and feasibility study randomized clinical trial with parallel assignment, conducted in Newark, DE. Individuals between the ages of 16 and 40 years old with patellar tendinopathy were included. Participants were randomly assigned to a pain-guided activity (PGA) or pain-free activity (PFA) group using a spreadsheet-based randomization scheme. All participants received standardized treatment using a modified version of the heavy-slow resistance protocol 3×/week for 12 weeks. For the first 6 weeks, the PGA group used the Pain-Monitoring Model to guide activity outside of treatment and the PFA group was restricted from running, jumping, or activities that provoked their patellar tendon pain. Feasibility outcomes included recruitment, enrollment, randomization, compliance, and retention percentages. Clinical evaluations were conducted at baseline, 6, and 12 weeks to assess symptom severity, psychological factors, tendon morphology and mechanical properties, lower extremity function, and quadriceps muscle performance.ResultsIn a ~ 13-month period, 108 individuals were screened, 47/108 (43.5%) were eligible for participation, and 15/47 (32.0%) of those were enrolled (9 PGA, 6 PFA). The recruitment rate was 1.15 participants/month. The mean ± SD compliance with treatment was PGA: 86.1 ± 13.0% and PFA: 67.1 ± 30.7%. There was one missed evaluation session and two adverse events, which were not due to study interventions. Changes exceeding the smallest detectable change were observed for at least one outcome in each domain of tendon health.ConclusionsUse of pain-guided activity modification during exercise therapy for patellar tendinopathy was found to be feasible, and the proposed outcome measures appropriate. Computer-based allocation concealment, blinding of evaluators, and greater recruitment of high-level athletes should be implemented in future trials.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03694730. Registered 3rd of October, 2018.

Effects of Standard vs Energy-Dense Formulae on Gastric Retention, Energy Delivery, and Glycemia in Critically Ill Patients.

Energy-dense formulae are often provided to critically ill patients with enteral feed intolerance with the aim of increasing energy delivery, yet the effect on gastric emptying is unknown. The rate of gastric emptying of a standard compared with an energy-dense formula was quantified in critically ill patients. Mechanically ventilated adults were randomized to receive radiolabeled intragastric infusions of 200 mL standard (1 kcal/mL) or 100 mL energy-dense (2 kcal/mL) enteral formulae on consecutive days in this noninferiority, blinded, crossover trial. The primary outcome was scintigraphic measurement of gastric retention (percentage at 120 minutes). Other measures included area under the curve (AUC) for gastric retention and intestinal energy delivery (calculated from gastric retention of formulae over time), blood glucose (peak and AUC), and intestinal glucose absorption (using 3-O-methyl-D-gluco-pyranose [3-OMG] concentrations). Comparisons were undertaken using paired mixed-effects models. Data presented are mean ± SE. Eighteen patients were studied (male/female, 14:4; age, 55.2 ± 5.3 years). Gastric retention at 120 minutes was greater with the energy-dense formula (standard, 17.0 ± 5.9 vs energy-dense, 32.5 ± 7.1; difference, 12.7% [90% confidence interval, 0.8%-30.1%]). Energy delivery (AUC120 , 13,038 ± 1119 vs 9763 ± 1346 kcal/120 minutes; P = 0.057), glucose control (peak glucose, 10.1 ± 0.3 vs 9.7 ± 0.3 mmol/L, P = 0.362; and glucose AUC120 8.7 ± 0.3 vs 8.5 ± 0.3 mmol/L.120 minutes, P = 0.661), and absorption (3-OMG AUC120 , 38.5 ± 4.0 vs 35.7 ± 4.0 mmol/L.120 minutes; P = .508) were not improved with the energy-dense formula. In critical illness, administration of an energy-dense formula does not reduce gastric retention, increase energy delivery to the small intestine, or improve glucose absorption or glucose control; instead, there is a signal for delayed gastric emptying.

Preparation of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)-Poly[2-(4-Acetylphenoxy)-2-Oxoethyl-2-Methylacrylate]/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)-Cellulose Composite Membranes and Their Use in Purification of Wastewater

Poly(vinyl alcohol)-poly[2-(4-acetylphenoxy)-2-oxoethyl-2-methylacrylate]/poly(vinyl alcohol)-cellulose composite membranes were generated, characterized and used to isolate Fe (III) and Cu (II) ions from aqueous media. The effects of pH and ion concentration on percent retention and flux were observed in the ultrafiltration of the heavy metals with a stirred ultrafiltration cell at a stirring speed of 300 rpm and a pressure of 60 psi. The maximum overall % retention of the Fe (III) ions by the membranes from the solution was observed to be 89.05% as a result of the tests. In these experiments the pH and Fe (III) concentrations were selected as 6 and 0.1 × 10−4 M respectively. The maximum overall % retention of the Cu (II) ions from the solution was observed to be 71.35% at a pH of 5 and concentration of 0.1 × 10−4 M for Cu (II) solutions.

DTPA Treatment of Wound Contamination in Rats with Americium: Evaluation of Urinary Profiles Using STATBIODIS Shows Importance of Prompt Administration.

In the nuclear industry, wound contamination with americium is expected to increase with decommissioning and waste management. Treatment of workers with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) requires optimization to reduce internal contamination and radiation exposure. This work aimed at evaluating and comparing different DTPA protocol efficacies after wound contamination of rats with americium. Wound contamination was simulated in rats by depositing americium nitrate in an incision in the hind limb. Different routes, times, and frequencies of DTPA administration were evaluated. Individual daily urinary americium excretion and tissue retention were analyzed using the statistical tool STATBIODIS. Urinary profiles, urinary enhancement factors, and inhibition percentages of tissue retention were calculated. A single DTPA administration the day of contamination induced a rapid increase in americium urinary excretion that decreased exponentially over 7 d, indicating that the first DTPA administration should be delivered as early as possible. DTPA treatment limited americium uptake in systemic tissues irrespective of the protocol. Liver and skeleton burdens were markedly reduced, which would drive reduction of radiation dose. Local or intravenous injections were equally effective. Inherent difficulties in wound site activity measurements did not allow identification of a significant decorporating effect at the wound site. Repeated intravenous injections of DTPA also increased americium urinary excretion, which supports the use of multiple DTPA administrations shortly after wound contamination. Results from these statistical analyses will contribute to a better understanding of americium behavior in the presence or absence of DTPA and may aid optimization of treatment for workers.

Prevalence of biliary acid malabsorption in patients with chronic diarrhoea of functional characteristics: a prospective study

BackgroundBile acid malabsorption occurs in up to one third of patients with chronic diarrhoea of functional characteristics. The gold standard test for its diagnosis is the 75Selenium homocholic acid taurine (75SeHCAT) test. The aim of this work is to confirm previous data suggesting that bile acid malabsorption, diagnosed by 75Se-HCAT test, is the underlying cause of diarrhoea in a significant proportion of patients previously diagnosed with a functional disorder. In addition, we have analysed the clinical response of bile acid sequestrants in those patients with a bile acid diarrhoea diagnosis.MethodsThis is a prospective, single-centre study including consecutive adult patients diagnosed with chronic diarrhoea of unknown origin and with functional characteristics; systematic rule out of common causes of chronic diarrhoea was performed before bile acid malabsorption evaluation by 75SeHCAT scanning. A retention percentage less than 10% was considered positive. Clinical response to cholestyramine was further evaluated in those patients with a positive diagnosis of bile acid diarrhoeaResults38 patients (20 male, mean age 37.5 years) were finally included. Twenty (52.6%) patients included had a positive 75SeHCAT test. Median body mass index was significantly higher in those patients. We did not find significant differences in other clinical or biochemical variables 75SeHCAT-positive and 75SeHCAT-negative groups. Only 6 of 17 (35.3%) patients responded to cholestyramine treatment; 10 patients did not have response or withdraw the drug due to adverse events. Logistic regression analysis showed that none of the included variables was a predictor of clinical response to cholestyramine.ConclusionsBile acid malabsorption occurs in a high proportion of patients suffering from chronic diarrhoea with functional characteristics. Systematic investigation of bile acid malabsorption should be included in the diagnostic algorithms of patients with chronic watery diarrhoea in the routine clinical practice. Absence of response to cholestyramine does not rule out bile acid diarrhoea.

Impact of heat stress responsive factors on growth and physiology of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.).

Pakistan ranked highest with reference to average temperatures in cotton growing areas of the world. The heat waves are becoming more intense and unpredictable due to climate change. Identification of heat tolerant genotypes requires comprehensive screening using molecular, physiological and morphological analysis. Heat shock proteins play an important role in tolerance against heat stress. In the current study, eight heat stress responsive factors, proteins and genes (HSFA2, GHSP26, GHPP2A, HSP101, HSC70-1, HSP3, APX1 and ANNAT8) were evaluated morphologically and physiologically for their role in heat stress tolerance. For this purpose, cotton crop was grown at two temperature conditions i.e. normal weather and heat stress at 45°C. For molecular analysis, genotypes were screened for the presence or absence of heat shock protein genes. Physiological analysis of genotypes was conducted to assess net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, leaf-air temperature and cell membrane stability under control as well as high temperature. The traits photosynthesis, cell membrane stability, leaf-air temperature and number of heat stress responsive factors in each genotypes showed a strong correlation with boll retention percentage under heat stress. The genotypes with maximum heat shock protein genes such as Cyto-177, MNH-886, VH-305 and Cyto-515 showed increased photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, negative leaf-air temperature and high boll retention percentage under heat stress condition. These varieties may be used as heat tolerant breeding material.

Pluronic F127-tailored lecithin organogel of acyclovir: preclinical evidence of antiviral activity using BALB/c murine model of cutaneous HSV-1 infection.

Herpes is a well-known contagious infection equally affecting both sexes. Among many antiviral drugs employed for its treatment, acyclovir (ACY) is the drug of choice. The currently available therapies of ACY suffer from limitations like poor oral bioavailability (10-15%) and high-dose requirement. The present scientific study aims to explore pluronic lecithin organogel (PLO) as a novel drug delivery platform for ACY to bring an improvement in its delivery through topical route. The properties of organogel like biocompatibility and amphiphilic nature which facilitates dissolution of various drugs of different solubility characteristics along with enhancing the permeation potential of active molecules make it a favorable drug delivery platform for the management of topical diseases. The developed PLO formulations were characterized for micromeritic characteristics, viz., zeta potential, percentage drug content, organogel morphology, skin permeation, retention, and stability studies. The selected topical formulation was further compared with the marketed one for its therapeutic efficacy by inducing cutaneous Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection followed by confirmation of viral load by immunofluorescence and PCR analyses. The developed formulation showed significant improvement over the marketed product as reflected in lesion scoring index and PCR analysis. Further, it proved better to the marketed formulation in t.i.d. treatment regimen in comparison to control. The improvement in overall performance leading to enhanced bioavailability and safety is attributed to the synergism between excipient properties and formulation characteristics. The drug ACY in this micro environment not only finds an improved delivery vehicle but it also offers enhanced drug-target interactions.

Spray-dried thyme essential oil microparticles using different polymeric matrices

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical, physicochemical, rheological, and morphological properties and antioxidant capacity of thyme essential oil encapsulated by spray drying; as well as to verify the effects of the partial replacement of whey protein isolate by maltodextrin and chitosan. The presence of maltodextrin decreased viscosity of the emulsion; decreased moisture, density, and mean volume diameter, and maintained the oil retention percentage and solubility of the microparticles. All treatments showed low hygroscopicity, being chitosan considered an alternative to reduce this parameter. Phenolic monoterpene thymol was characterized as the major constituent in all samples. The carrier agents were efficient in maintaining antioxidant activity when compared to pure thyme essential oil. In general, they showed spherical shapes and smooth surfaces with slight roughness. The mixture of maltodextrin and chitosan, in partial replacement of whey protein isolate, represents a promising opportunity in obtaining thyme essential oil microparticles by spray drying process.

РОЛЬ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ В УПРАВЛІННІ КЛІЄНТООРІЄНТОВАНІСТЮ ТУРИСТИЧНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The paper reveals the need and advantages of introducing customer relationship management information systems (CRM-systems) as a modern tool for marketing customer-oriented technologies for managing tourism enterprises. The problems of introduction of CRM tools in the activity of tourist enterprises from the point of view of managers and staff are characterized and the advantages of CRM-system and its complex influence on the efficiency of the tourist enterprise are determined; proposed structural and logical scheme of practical application of CRM-system, focused on adaptation and integration and provides effective information interaction and coordination of tourism entities, established criteria for effective implementation of CRM-information systems based on key results and performance of tourism enterprises. The introduction of modern customer-oriented systems in the activities of tourism enterprises is a complex deterministic process. The key shaping factors of the implementation effectiveness of CRM-systems are as follows: technological readiness, information security, staff competence and effective information technologies that are implemented. One of the main tasks of interaction management is the development of information technology architecture, focused on adaptation and integration, which provides effective information interaction and coordination of the subjects of marketing interaction. The complex influence on the CRM-system of the tourist enterprise is carried out due to to several components of the internal environment: - a set of technological solutions that determines the nature of managerial influence, the choice of specific technologies of customer service, the pace of innovative development of CRM-system; - Information-analytical base, which is formed during the use of CRM technologies and provides the necessary data analytical elements of the enterprise management system; - analytical process, which is provided by appropriate methods of analysis, which are used on the basis of the competencies of the personnel of the enterprise. It is necessary to allocate the basic indicators of efficiency of CRM-system: constancy of addresses and repeated sales; cross-selling (purchase of additional goods and services); sales performance (percentage of successful sales); profitability of transactions; number of sales; number of withdrawals from agreements; revenue; time of each stage of the agreement; percentage of customer retention; costs associated with sales and marketing campaigns; efficiency of interaction with clients; NPS (consumer / brand commitment index). Under the conditions of synergetic combination of these components there is a managerial enrichment of information and marketing activities of the enterprise. Which in turn is reflected in the growth of quality and targeting of services, the overall intensity and quality of customer service, increasing the productivity of human resources and most importantly - the growth of the overall level of competitiveness of the tourism enterprise. This aspect is an important argument that emphasizes the needs for further CRM-technologies integration into the management system of tourism enterprises.

Antibacterial effects of Pheretima javanica extract and bioactive chemical analysis using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrum

Pheretima sp is an earthworm from the Oligochaeta group found mostly in Java. The characteristics has segments reaching 95-150 segments. Clitellum is located in segment 14-16. The body fluids contain protein, amino acids and various enzymes. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of bioactive compounds and evaluate antibacterial activity. The method used was maceration, antibacterial test against Salmonella typhi and GCMS analysis to identify bioactive compounds. Antibacterial test showed the inhibition zone diameter ranged from 15 to 20 mm. The identification of bioactive compounds is based on the percentage area, percentage peak height, retention time, molecular weight and pharmacological action. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of 50 peaks of compounds. Bioactive compounds which are antibacterial are 1) Nitrogen oxide (N2O) (CAS) Nitrous oxide with an area 2.03%, height 7.36%, retention time 1.361, molecular weight 44.013 g/mol; 2) Acetic acid (CAS) Ethylic acid with an area 17.02%, height 29.03%, retention time 1.789, and molecular weight 60.05 g/mol; 3) Butanoic acid, 3-methyl-(CAS) Isovaleric acid with an area of 3.27%, height 2.04%, 3.456, molecular weight 102.13 g/mol; 4) 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diethyl ester (CAS) with an area 0.95%, height 1.32%, retention time 36.306 and molecular weight 222.24 g/mol.

Effect of different plant growth regulators on growth, yield and quality parameters of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cv. Kalyanpur green

An investigation was carried out at the Vegetable Research farm, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur during Kharif season of 2018. The soil of the experimental field was sandy-loam with uniform topography. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design replicated thrice with nine treatments i.e. T1 - foliar application of GA3 (100ppm) at 15 days after sowing, T2 - foliar application of GA3 (150ppm) at 30days after sowing, T3 - foliar application of GA3 (200ppm) at 45days after sowing, T4 - foliar application of NAA (100ppm) at 15days after sowing, T5 - foliar application of NAA (150ppm) at 30days after sowing, T6 - foliar application of NAA (200ppm) at 45 days after sowing, T7 - foliar application of Ethrel (200ppm) at 2-4 leaf stage, T8 - foliar application of Ethrel (300ppm) at pre flowering and T9 - Control (Water Spray). The result shows that an application of Ethrel 200ppm was found most effective in reducing the number of male flowers (90.75) in comparison to female flowers (52.08). GA3 200ppm reduce the number of days required for appearance of first flower (36.58 days) of cucumber plant, increased the production of female flowers (50.25), lowered the male and female sex ratio (1.70: 1), increased number of fruits per plant (11.67), increased yield per plant (3.89 kg) and per hectare (180.69 q). The next best treatment was GA3 100 ppm which increased the yield of fruits per plant (3.42 kg) and yield per hectare. From the results of this investigation, it could be inferred that Ethrel 200 ppm treatment was found most effective in improving femaleness with increased fruit yield of cucumber cv. Kalyanpur Green&#39;. Results revealed that the application of plant growth regulators significantly increased growth. GA3 (100ppm) play an important role in increasing yield characters followed by NAA (100 ppm) and male and female flower ratio can be lowered by the application Ethrel (300 ppm). The fruit set and fruit retention percentage was improved through the application GA3 (150ppm) followed by GA3 (200ppm).