Percentage Of Overlap Research Articles

The Use of Image Rotation Media in Improving Oral Expressive Communication of Autistic Children in Special Schools

This study aims to improve the ability of oral language expressive communication in children with autism by using image rotation media in special schools precisely at Special School 01 Serang elementary school level grade 1 totaling one person. This research uses the experimental method with a Single-Subject Research (SSR) Experimental Study approach. Based on the results of the study showed an increase in oral language expressive communication skills. The baseline phase 1 (A1) which was conducted in 4 sessions showed a similar percentage value of 33%. The intervention phase (B) which was carried out in 8 sessions resulted in a percentage value of 79%, 79%, 79%, 85%, 85%, 85%, and 85%. The baseline 2 phase (A2) which was carried out 4 sessions showed a percentage value of 69%, 82%, 82%, and 82%. Effectiveness seen from the overlap percentage, from intervention (B) to baseline 1 (A1) and baseline 2 (A2) to intervention (B) does not show overlapping data. Overall, the use of image rotation media in improving oral language expressive communication skills in autistic children at Special School 01 Serang is effective.

The influence of hatch spacing on the metallurgical characteristics of 17–4 PH stainless steel processed by DED

AbstractThe quality and performance of additively manufactured part is linked to the process parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, powder feed rate, and layer thickness. However, hatch spacing is one of the process parameters that affect the quality and performance of the part, but its effect has not been fully investigated. Therefore, this study seeks to investigate the effect of hatch spacing on the metallurgical characteristics, including microstructural evolution, microhardness, and corrosion behavior of 17–4 PH stainless produced through direct energy deposition. A LENS system was used to manufacture 17–4 PH SS cubes and the hatch overlap was varied from 20 to 80%. Subsequently, the printed cubes were subjected to heat treatment (H900) followed by material characterization which includes microstructural analysis, microhardness, and corrosion behavior. This study deduced that varying the percent overlap had an impact on the proportion of delta ferrite and the grain size. Furthermore, increasing the percent overlap from 20 to 80% was found to cause a reduction in hardness (340–331 HV). Meanwhile, it was found that traditionally manufactured 17–4 PH SS is more susceptible to corrosion than additively manufactured 17–4 PH SS.

Temporal Dietary Pattern Cluster Membership Varies on Weekdays and Weekends but Both Link to Health

BackgroundEnergy and dietary quality are known to differ between weekdays and weekends. Data-driven approaches that incorporate time, amount, and duration of dietary intake have previously been used to partition participants’ daily weekday dietary intake time series into clusters representing weekday temporal dietary patterns (TDPs) linked to health indicators in United States adults. Yet, neither the relationship of weekend day TDPs to health indicators nor how the TDP membership may change from weekday to weekend is known. ObjectivesThis study was conducted to determine the association between TDPs on weekdays and weekend days and health indicators [diet quality, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and obesity] and their overlap among participants. MethodsA weekday and weekend day 24-hour dietary recall of 9494 nonpregnant United States adults aged 20–65 years from the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2018 was used to determine the timing and amount of energy intake. Modified dynamic time warping and kernel k-means algorithm clustered participants into 4 TDPs on weekdays and weekend days. Multivariate regression models determined the associations between TDPs and health indicators, controlling for potential confounders and adjusting for the survey design and multiple comparisons. The percentages of overlap in cluster membership between TDPs on weekdays and weekend days were also determined. ResultsUnited States adults with a TDP of evenly spaced, energy-balanced eating occasions, representing the TDP of more than one-third of all adults on weekdays and weekends, had significantly higher diet quality, lower BMI, WC, and odds of obesity when compared to those with other TDPs. Membership of most United States adults to TDPs varied from weekdays to weekends. ConclusionsBoth weekday and weekend TDPs were significantly associated with health indicators. TDP membership of most United States adults was not consistent on weekdays and weekends.

Geography, taxonomy, extinction risk and exposure of fully migratory birds to droughts and cyclones

AbstractAimAnthropogenic climate change is predicted to drive unprecedented increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme climatic events, such as drought and cyclones. The impacts of these events on fully migratory species could be particularly severe and have cascading effects on the functioning of many ecosystems. We explore the relationships between geography, taxonomy, extinction risk and the exposure of fully migratory birds to drought and cyclones.LocationGlobal.Time Period1985–2014.Major Taxa Studied383 fully migratory bird species.MethodsWe assessed the exposure of fully migratory birds to cyclones and droughts, quantifying exposure by calculating the percentage of spatial overlap between a species' range and the extent of an extreme event within a given time series. We compared the level of cumulative exposure sustained by species among different taxonomic groups and within their breeding and wintering ranges; we also assessed whether species currently classed as ‘threatened’ are more cumulatively exposed than ‘non‐threatened’ species.ResultsWe identified fully migratory bird species highly exposed to extreme climatic events and global geographic hotspots of species exposure. 4% of species were found to be highly exposed to cyclones and droughts in both their wintering and breeding ranges. Wintering ranges were, on average, more cumulatively exposed to cyclones than breeding ranges; there was no discernible difference in drought exposure between ranges. Species currently classed as threatened were shown to experience higher exposure to droughts than non‐threatened ones in both ranges.Main ConclusionsThis exposure analysis provides the first step to a full global assessment of fully migratory bird species' vulnerability to extreme climatic events. Many species are at least as exposed to extreme events within their wintering ranges as in their breeding ranges, supporting calls for ‘full cycle’ assessment of migratory species' vulnerability to climate change. Our identification of hotspots of exposure may help to guide further monitoring, research and management.

Validation of high resolution subcortical MRI signal using voxel to voxel histology to neuroimaging correlation in AD continuum: advancing neuroimaging biomarker tools for early AD staging

AbstractBackgroundStudies suggest a decrease in LC volume by 8% each Braak stage, starting at Braak 0‐1, while in normal aging the LC volume remains intact. Thus, LC volumetry is an attractive potential biomarker to monitor AD progression from precognitive stages. However, precise LC volumetry neuroimaging is challenging due to the LC’s small size and location in the brainstem that’s prone to artifacts. To validate the precision/utility of neuroimaging sequences designed for LC volumetry, we developed a pipeline allowing voxel‐to‐voxel histology to neuroimaging comparisons. We tested this pipeline to analyze the neuro‐histological counterpart of an LC volume obtained from manual segmentation from a MRI neuromelanin(NM)sensitive GRE image.MethodWhole brain high resolution(0.7mm)3D‐T1 images and 2D‐2mm thick NM‐sensitive axial GRE images of the brainstem were obtained postmortem in situ before brain removal from a single subject using a 7T MRI(Siemens Magnetom). We combined celloidin‐based histological processing and 3D reconstructions of the histology volume at microscopic resolution which was then aligned to T1. We used structures visible in structural MRI(T1)(brainstem surface, red nucleus, and 4th ventricle) to calculate Dice coefficient to measure registration accuracy. Next, we performed an overlap percentage analysis to investigate how well GRE sequence detected LC borders compared to histology.ResultWe ran Dice coefficient analysis for brainstem structures to measure histology to MRI registration accuracy(Table1). The LC GRE to histology masks overlap percentage was 35.29% and 10.77% compared to the MRI and histology mask total voxels(voxel size = 0.34mm3). The overlap percentage obtained for the rostral and middle LC thirds ranged from 9.43% to 75%when compared to total voxels in MRI/histology masks, while the caudal third had zero overlap(Table2,Fig.1).ConclusionOur pipeline enables voxel‐to‐voxel correlation analysis between histology and high resolution LC MRIs for neuroimaging validation. The caudal third of the LC in our case has shown a clear lack of overlap potentially due to lack of signal specificity in MRI when compared to the gold standard that is histology. Current analysis of another five other cases is ongoing. Validation of LC MRI signal will inform interpretations of signal results in living patients with the potential to act as a diagnostic tool for ADRD.

PENGARUH MODIFIKASI ALAT PERMAINAN KARTU KATA TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN PRA MENULIS DAN MENULIS PERMULAAN SISWA KELAS 1 SDN 01 SIRNAGALIH

<em><span>This research aims to determine the effect of modifying the word card game tool on the pre-writing and beginning writing skills of grade 1 students at SDN 01 Sirnagalih. The target behavior in this research were 3 grade 1 students who had deficiencies in writing skills. The type of research used is Single Subject Research (SSR) experimental research, single subject design research with an A-B-A design. The dependent variable in this research is students' prewriting and initial writing skills. And the independent variable in this research is the word card game. Data collection techniques use tests, observation and documentation. The sampling technique used is a nonprobability sampling technique, namely purposive sampling. This research uses quantitative and qualitative descriptive data analysis techniques. The results of this research show that modification of the word card game tool has an effect on students' writing skills. It can be seen from the overlap percentage that the smaller the overlap percentage, the more it shows that there is a change in the target behavior.</span></em>

Methods for Identification of Blood Product Transfusions in a Cohort of Myelofibrosis Patients: An Assessment of Data Capture Using Insurance Claims and Electronic Health Record Abstraction

Introduction Transfusion data completeness is critical in assessing real-world response and progression in myeloid malignancies. In the real-world setting transfusion data can be collected via insurance claims or by Electronic Health Record (EHR) abstraction. Transfusion events captured from claims have previously been shown to be 71% sensitive and 92% specific compared to EHR abstraction in the community hospital setting, however this has not been evaluated in outpatient community oncology setting (Howard DH, et al. Transfusion Medicine. 2016;26:457-459). Our objective was to assess the completeness of transfusion data from claims in the The Komodo Healthcare Map™(KHM) to EHR abstraction in the Flatiron Health Research Database (FHRD) in a group of patients with myelofibrosis (MF). Methods This study used the nationwide Flatiron Health EHR-derived de-identified database and The Komodo Healthcare Map™, a database of de-identified claim-based healthcare encounters from insured patients in the US (2015-2022).This is a cross-sectional study of a cohort of patients with MF that underwent EHR abstraction (EHRC) (n = 507) from FHRD, capturing transfusion dates, and number of units from date of diagnosis up to data cutoff on 30 November 2022 (observation window). Those patients were linked to KHM to create a Linked Claims Cohort (LCC), and a sub-cohort of patients with any closed claims during the observation window to make a Closed Claims Cohort (CCC), where transfusions were assessed by reviewing transfusion-related HCPCS and ICD codes. Analyses were performed on the matched patients in the LCC and CCC, respectively. To assess the level of concordance between claims and EHR data sources on the number of transfusions per patient the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used. Also, percent overlap and sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Results Out of a total of 507 in the EHRC, 498 were found in KHM and included in the LCC, and 245 had closed claims and comprised the CCC. Demographics are listed below (Table 1) and are similar between groups, however the CCC had a higher percentage of patients with more recent diagnosis. A total of 319 (64%) vs 168 (34%) in the LCC, and 143 (58%) vs 95 (39%) patients in the CCC had at least one transfusion identified by EHR and claims data sources, respectively (Table 2). In the LCC, there was 64.1% agreement of having a transfusion across data sources, with a kappa of 0.34 (p = 0), and in the CCC, there was 72.24% agreement, with a kappa of 0.47 (p = 0). The unweighted kappa for the number of transfusions recorded during the observation period was 0.11 (p = 0) in the LCC and 0.18 (p = 0) in the CCC. Treating the EHR source as the source of truth, the claims data source in LCC had a sensitivity of 48.28%, specificity of 92.18%, PPV of 91.67%, and NPV of 50% to identify transfusion events, while the claims in CCC had a sensitivity of 59.44%, specificity of 90.20%, PPV of 89.47%, and NPV of 61.33% Conclusions There was an observed low agreement between transfusions identified via EHR abstraction and Claims data sources, with the EHR having more transfusions identified, but a moderate agreement when selecting for patients with closed claims. As a source for transfusion data EHR provided more data points during the observation window for this group of patients. Future investigation of transfusions in patients with continuous closed claims during the observation window is warranted to determine if it improves data capture. This study demonstrates that EHR abstraction may have higher utility for identifying transfusions with lower attrition in a cohort of MF patients with long observation periods, and with variable insurance coverage in the outpatient oncology setting.

Composing Multiple Online Exams: The Bees Algorithm Solution

Online education has gained increasing importance in recent years due to its flexibility and ability to cater to a diverse range of learners. The COVID-19 pandemic has further emphasized the significance of online education as a means to ensure continuous learning during crisis situations. With the disruption of traditional in-person exams, online examinations have become the new norm for universities worldwide. Among the popular formats for online tests are multiple-choice questions, which are drawn from a large question bank. However, creating online tests often involves meeting specific requirements, such as minimizing the overlap between exams, grouping related questions, and determining the desired difficulty level. The manual selection of questions from a sizable question bank while adhering to numerous constraints can be a laborious task. Additionally, traditional search methods that evaluate all possible solutions are impractical and time-consuming for such a complex problem. Consequently, approximate methods like metaheuristics are commonly employed to achieve satisfactory solutions within a reasonable timeframe. This research proposes the application of the Bees Algorithm (BA), a popular metaheuristic algorithm, to address the problem of generating online exams. The proposed solution entails creating multiple exam forms that align with the desired difficulty level specified by the educator, while considering other identified constraints. Through extensive testing and comparison with four rival methods, the BA demonstrates superior performance in achieving the primary objective of matching the desired difficulty level in most test cases, as required by the educator. Furthermore, the algorithm exhibits robustness, indicated by minimal standard deviation across all experiments, which suggests its ability to generalize, adapt, and be practically applicable in real-world scenarios. However, the algorithm does have limitations related to the number of successful solutions and the achieved overlap percentage. These limitations have also been thoroughly discussed and highlighted in this research.

Reproducibility of Remote Mapping of the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Surface Ruptures

Abstract We use multiple, independently produced surface-rupture maps of the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence to test the reproducibility of surface-rupture map interpretation and completeness. The 4 July Mw 6.4 and 5 July Mw 7.1 earthquakes produced surface-rupture zones approximately 20 and 50 km in length, respectively. Three independent mappers with various backgrounds in active tectonics mapped the surface rupture from the postearthquake lidar data without knowledge from postearthquake field or geodetic observations. Visual comparisons of the three remote rupture maps show good agreement for scarps >50 cm in height. For features with less topographic expression, interpretations of the data vary more widely between mappers. Quantitative map comparisons range from 18% to 54% consistency between mapped lines with 1 m buffers. The percent overlap increases with buffer width, reflecting variance in line placement as well as differences in fault-zone interpretation. Overall, map similarity is higher in areas where the surface rupture was simpler and had more vertical offset than in areas with complex rupture patterns or little vertical offset. Fault-zone interpretation accounts for the most difference between maps, while line placement accounts for differences at the meter scale. In comparison to field observations, our remotely produced maps capture the principal rupture well but miss small features and geometric complexity. In general, lidar excels for the detection and measurement of vertical offsets in the landscape, and it is deficient for detecting lateral offset with little or no vertical motion.

Deep Learning-Based Automated Labeling of Coronary Segments for Structured Reporting of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography in Accordance With Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography Guidelines.

To evaluate a novel deep learning (DL)-based automated coronary labeling approach for structured reporting of coronary artery disease according to the guidelines of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (CT) on coronary CT angiography (CCTA). A retrospective cohort of 104 patients (60.3 ± 10.7y, 61% males) who had undergone prospectively electrocardiogram-synchronized CCTA were included. Coronary centerlines were automatically extracted, labeled, and validated by 2 expert readers according to Society of Cardiovascular CT guidelines. The DL algorithm was trained on 706 radiologist-annotated cases for the task of automatically labeling coronary artery centerlines. The architecture leverages tree-structured long short-term memory recurrent neural networks to capture the full topological information of the coronary trees by using a two-step approach: a bottom-up encoding step, followed by a top-down decoding step. The first module encodes each sub-tree into fixed-sized vector representations. The decoding module then selectively attends to the aggregated global context to perform the local assignation of labels. To assess the performance of the software, percentage overlap was calculated between the labels of the algorithm and the expert readers. A total number of 1491 segments were identified. The artificial intelligence-based software approach yielded an average overlap of 94.4% compared with the expert readers' labels ranging from 87.1% for the posterior descending artery of the right coronary artery to 100% for the proximal segment of the right coronary artery. The average computational time was 0.5 seconds per case. The interreader overlap was 96.6%. The presented fully automated DL-based coronary artery labeling algorithm provides fast and precise labeling of the coronary artery segments bearing the potential to improve automated structured reporting for CCTA.

Monitoring reproduction in fish: Assessing the adequacy of ogives and the predicted uncertainty of their L50 estimates for more reliable biological inferences

In fisheries management, the L50 is a commonly-monitored reproductive trait reflecting the sex-specific length (L) at which 50% of the fish are expected to exhibit developing gonads near the spawning period. Although different methods exist to estimate the L50, it is often obtained from a binomial generalized linear model (GLM) fitted with a logit link. To provide reliable parameter estimates for the production of the ogive from which the L50 is obtained, the logit link must be correctly specified, a prerequisite that is not always verified nor true. To identify the most-likely ogive, adequacy tests allowing to detect a lack-of-fit or any link misspecification should ideally be applied to competing binomial models that also consider alternative links, such as the probit and complementary log-log (cloglog). Because multiple estimates are often compared, their uncertainties should also be adequately quantified to detect any potential change, but no consensus exists about the method offering the best coverage probability. Here, we used a large-scale dataset of 23,681 walleye (Sander vitreus) females sampled in 90 harvested populations over two decades in Québec, Canada, to first estimate the L50 uncertainty under different simulation scenarios to identify the most accurate method regarding nominal coverage. Then, of 46 populations sampled in two different surveys, we assessed which link provided the best adequate estimation for each survey-specific L50 and used associated 84% CIs to determine if a change occurred based on whether they overlapped. The influence of gonad data characteristics on L50 uncertainty was also examined before assessing between-survey L50 variation with competing GLMs as an alternative approach. The analysis of the simulated data indicated that the Monte Carlo approach with bias-corrected and accelerated (BCa) interval offered the best coverage probability. The empirical analyses revealed that the probit was the most often adequate link to estimate the L50, followed by the cloglog, whereas the logit ranked last. When controlling for sample size, the level of L50 uncertainty increased with the percentage of overlap in length between walleye females with (1) and without (0) developing gonads, whereas it progressively decreased as the percentage of 1’s in the sample increased to then inversed, indicating that more balanced binary data yielded less L50 uncertainty. All analyses revealed that for a “true” or estimated effect size of ≤ 10%, the survey-specific 84% CIs often overlapped despite statistical support for a difference found in the best-supported GLM comparing both surveys. Overall, our study indicates that many analytical considerations, from gonad data structure characteristics, model adequacy assessment, up to how the L50 uncertainty is quantified and compared, need to be accounted for to achieve more reliable statistical inferences regarding the observed variation in this reproductive trait.

Optimization of high-power short duration catheter radiofrequency ablation for pulmonary veins isolation in patients with artiral septial defect

Objective ‒ to perform the analysis and biophysical substantiation of a new technique of catheter radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with high power and short duration based on mathematical modeling of own clinical data of the electro-thermodynamic effect of RFA on the myocardium; to investigate the morphological characteristics of the myocardium in different areas of the atrium and to determine the morphometric parameters of the display on the electroanatomical model of the heart of the ablation zone in the EnSite Precision navigation system, necessary for effective and safe high-power and short-duration RFA.Materials and methods. Clinical studies were performed in Amosov National Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery NAMS of Ukraine. Specialized high-tech medical equipment was used for the objectivity of clinical data obtained and used in the work. Morphological characteristics of the myocardium (thickness of the wall of the left atrium, distance from the back wall of the heart to the esophagus, diameters of the pulmonary veins) were evaluated on the computed tomography images of the heart of the patients, which were obtained in the radiology department on a Toshiba device (Japan) using a spiral scanning. The morphometric parameters of the ablation zone, which were later used to evaluate the effectiveness of RFA and which formed the basis of standardized protocols for the operation, were determined for display on the electro-anatomical maps of the patients' hearts in the EnSite Precision system (Abbott, USA). Biophysical substantiation of the RFA technique with high power and short duration was performed using mathematical modeling of the electro-thermodynamic effect of RFA on the myocardium and own clinical data in the Comsol Multiphysics automated simulation of biophysical processes.Results. It is proposed for a group of patients with combined atrial fibrillation with an atrial septal defect to perform RFA using a new ablation technique with high power and short duration at one point of application of radio frequency energy. Achieving transmurality of ablation in a shorter time makes it possible to hold the electrode more precisely and stably in this area when isolating the pulmonary veins in a complex geometry and without support for the electrode in case of a defect. The morphological characteristics of the myocardium were studied and the morphometric parameters of the display on the electroanatomical heart model of the ablation zone, necessary for effective and safe RFA, were determined. These include: the diameter of the point-label of radiofrequency ablation on the anatomical model of the heart, which must correspond to the real data of the size of the destruction; the percentage of overlap of RFA points for the formation of an effective transmural line; estimated number of ablation points to standardize the evaluation of the effectiveness of the procedure.Conclusions. The conducted research made it possible to solve the current problems of catheter radiofrequency ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation and atrial septal defect, namely to increase the efficiency and safety of pulmonary vein isolation. Transmurality and integrity of the isolating line was achieved due to the determined morphological characteristics of the myocardium and the calculated morphometric parameters of the ablation zone. The obtained data are adapted to a real display visible to the surgeon on the electro-anatomical map of the heart in the EnSite Precision navigation system. This system is actively used in clinical practice, but it was necessary to optimize the clinical protocols of RFA with high power and short duration, which was achieved as a result of this work.

P15.10.A USE OF DUAL TRACERS PET AS A PREDICTIVE BIOMARKER OF THE SITE OF RECURRENCE IN HIGH GRADE GLIOMA

Abstract BACKGROUND High grade glioma has poor survival rate and tumour recurrence occurs despite current treatments. Positron emission tomography (PET) with [11C](R)PK11195 can evaluate translocator protein (TSPO) and [11C]methionine can assess amino acid transport. PET imaging might have the potential to detect tumour regions at baseline that will later develop as the site of recurrence. We compare TSPO measured using [11C](R)PK11195 and amino acid transport using [11C]methionine at baseline and investigate to what extend the two tracers can predict the site of tumour recurrence. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twelve patients with newly diagnosed high grade glioma underwent multimodal imaging studies. Preoperative MRI, [11C](R)PK11195 PET, [11C]methionine PET and postoperative (follow-up) MRI were co-registered. [11C](R)PK11195 binding potential (BPND) maps were generated using the simplified reference tissue model with grey matter cerebellar time-activity curve as tissue input function. [11C]methionine uptake was calculated as tumour to background ratio (TBR). Contrast enhancing volumes of interest (VOI) were defined on T1W post contrast. The VOI of [11C]methionine high uptake was standardized as TBR>1.7. For [11C](R)PK11195 VOI, the mean BPND + SD of grey matter voxels was calculated from individual maps of healthy control (HC; n = 50). Afterward, 95% confidence interval threshold (HC mean + 1.96 × SD) was used to describe high voxel activity in tumour (BPND>0.35). Tumour recurrence VOI was defined as contrast enhancement on the follow-up images. RESULTS The mean percentage overlap between high [11C](R)PK11195 BPND and [11C]methionine uptake was 48±17%. The mean percentage of each VOI showing exclusively high [11C](R)PK11195 BPND or exclusively high [11C]methionine was 25±21 or 27±22 respectively. The mean percentage overlap between high [11C](R)PK11195 and contrast enhancement is 36±14. The mean percentage of exclusively hight [11C](R)PK11195 or exclusively contrast enhancement were 38±18 or 26±25 respectively. The mean percentage overlap between high [11C]methionine and contrast enhancement were 47±12. The mean percentage of exclusively [11C]methionine or contrast enhancement were 36±20 or 17±17 respectively. The percentage volume overlap between contrast enhancing regions at recurrence and baseline [11C](R)PK11195 or [11C]methionine was 20±13 or 25±13 respectively. CONCLUSION The two PET tracers have high overlap although some regions are specific for high TSPO binding without high methionine uptake which could reflect an inflammatory component within the tumour microenvironment. The common regions between methionine and contrast enhancement is larger than TSPO binding which could represent that TSPO binding is less effected by disrupted blood-brain barrier. The mean percentage overlap with VOI representing tumour recurrence were similar.

Pilot feasibility testing of biomathematical model recommendations for personalising sleep timing in shift workers.

Sleep disturbances and circadian disruption play a central role in adverse health, safety, and performance outcomes in shift workers. While biomathematicalmodels of sleep and alertness can be used to personalise interventions for shift workers, their practical implementation of is undertested. This study tested the feasibility of implementing two biomathematical models-the Phillips-Robinson Model and the Model for Arousal Dynamics-in 28 shift-working nurses, 14 in each group. The study examined the overlap and adherence between model recommendations and sleep behaviours, and changes in sleep following the implementation of recommendations. For both groups combined, the mean (SD) percentage overlap between when a model recommended an individual to sleep and when sleep was obtained was 73.62% (10.24%). Adherence between model recommendations and sleep onset and offset times was significantly higher with the Model of Arousal Dynamics compared to the Phillips-Robinson Model. For the Phillips-Robinson model, 27% of sleep onset and 35% of sleep offset times were within ± 30 min of model recommendations. For the Model of Arousal Dynamics, 49% of sleep onset, and 35% of sleep offset times were within ± 30 min of model recommendations. Compared to pre-study, significant improvements were observed post-study for sleep disturbance (Phillips-Robinson Model), and insomnia severity and sleep-related impairments (Model of Arousal Dynamics). Participants reported that using a digital, automated format for the delivery of sleep recommendations would enable greater uptake. These findings provide a positive proof-of-concept for using biomathematical models to recommend sleep in operational contexts.

Evaluating Operational Risk in Environmental Modeling: Assessment of Reliability and Sharpness for Ensemble Selection

To adequately define risk in an operational setting, modeling and data uncertainty must be addressed. Though metrics to evaluate model performance are numerous in the literature, few integrate either modeling uncertainty or benchmark data uncertainty, and even fewer integrate both. The Combined Overlap Percentage (COP) ensemble metric is a notable exception: it is based on optimizing the trade-off objectives of maximizing the overlap between simulated and benchmark uncertainty bounds (overlap-reliability) while minimizing simulated ensemble uncertainty bound width (overlap-sharpness) with equal weight. We further develop the COP by assessing weighting methods to increase applicability to additional types of benchmark data uncertainty. As new advanced datasets are generated each year, the weighted COP can integrate ensembles of benchmark data rather than forcing modelers to attempt to identify the best product at a low computational cost. The new weighting method further allows the COP to adapt to the unique features of those new datasets. Results suggest increasing the weight of overlap-sharpness when robust benchmark uncertainty estimates are available. Conversely, higher weights should be given to overlap-reliability when little benchmark uncertainty information is available. Finally, timestep weighting and data transforms are only impactful if overlap-sharpness is prioritized. The results are particularly relevant in an operational context and could allow for the integration of uncertainty into calibration and ensemble generation at a low computational cost.

ReIGNITE Radiation Therapy Boost: A Prospective, International Study of Radiation Oncologists’ Accuracy in Contouring Prostate Tumors for Focal Radiation Therapy Boost on Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Alone or With Assistance of Restriction Spectrum Imaging

In a phase III randomized trial, adding a radiation boost to tumor(s) visible on MRI improved prostate cancer (PCa) disease-free and metastasis-free survival without additional toxicity. Radiation oncologists' ability to identify prostate tumors is critical to widely adopting intraprostatic tumor radiotherapy boost for patients. A diffusion MRI biomarker, called the Restriction Spectrum Imaging restriction score (RSIrs), has been shown to improve radiologists' identification of clinically significant PCa. We hypothesized that (1) radiation oncologists would find accurately delineating PCa tumors on conventional MRI challenging and (2) using RSIrs maps would improve radiation oncologists' accuracy for PCa tumor delineation. In this multi-institutional, international, prospective study, 44 radiation oncologists (participants) and 2 expert radiologists (experts) contoured prostate tumors on 39 total patient cases using conventional MRI with or without RSIrs maps. Participant volumes were compared to the consensus expert volumes. Contouring accuracy metrics included percent overlap with expert volume, Dice coefficient, conformal number, and maximum distance beyond expert volume. 1604 participant volumes were produced. 40 of 44 participants (91%) completely missed ≥1 expert-defined target lesion without RSIrs, compared to 13 of 44 (30%) with RSIrs maps. On conventional MRI alone, 134 of 762 contour attempts (18%) completely missed the target, compared to 18 of 842 (2%) with RSIrs maps. Use of RSIrs maps improved all contour accuracy metrics by approximately 50% or more. Mixed effects modeling confirmed that RSIrs maps were the main variable driving improvement in all metrics. System Usability Scores indicated RSIrs maps significantly improved the contouring experience (72 vs. 58, p < 0.001). Radiation oncologists struggle with accurately delineating visible PCa tumors on conventional MRI. RSIrs maps improve radiation oncologists' ability to target MRI-visible tumors for prostate tumor boost.

Schedule compression and emerging waste in construction: an assessment of overlapping activities

PurposeCompressing the schedule by using overlapping activities is a commonly adopted approach for accelerating projects. However, this approach might channel a variety of risks into the construction processes. Risks imply waste; still, evaluating the effects of using overlapping activities on schedule quality has been a looming gap in construction research. Therefore, this paper aims to study the quality of overlapping in terms of emerging waste and to demarcate the boundaries of the overlapping envelope.Design/methodology/approachThis study presents a method for assessing the consequences of implementing overlapping activities in a schedule on two types of waste namely waiting time and variation gap. A critical path method (CPM) network including eleven activities is modeled stochastically where the durations of individual activities are sampled as beta-distributions. Using program evaluation and review technique (PERT) assumptions to calculate the schedule dates, the network is simulated for various amounts of overlapping and the corresponding waste is quantified each time.FindingsResults show that not only the returns on overlapping are diminishing after a certain overlap percentage, but also waste in the production system increases. Particularly, results reveal that compressing the schedule leads to a decrease in variation gaps, but at the same time, it leads to a larger increase in waiting times, which creates more waste.Originality/valueThe presented study shows through simulation how overlapping activities affects productivity by identifying wastes. It shows that despite the apparent gains, overlaps should be used with caution, and while considering the side-effects of increased waste which introduces a need for increased managerial awareness.

Inhibition of DNA and RNA methylation disturbs root development of moso bamboo.

DNA methylation (5mC) and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) are two important epigenetics regulation, which presents profound impact on plant growth development. Phyllostachys edulis (P. edulis) is one of the fastest spreading plants due to its well-developed root system. However, the association between 5mC and m6A were seldom reported in P. edulis. Especially, the connection between m6A and several post-transcriptional regulations remains uncharacterized in P. edulis. Here, our morphological and electron microscope observation shown phenotype of increased lateral root under RNA methylation inhibitor (DZnepA) and DNA methylation inhibitor (5-azaC) treatment. RNA epitranscriptome based on Nanopore direct RNA sequencing (DRS) revealed that DZnepA treatment exhibits significantly decreased m6A level in 3' UTR, which was accompanied by increased gene expression, full-length ratio, higher proximal poly(A) site usage, and shorter poly(A) tail length, respectively. DNA methylation levels of CG and CHG were reduced in both CDS and transposable element (TE) upon 5-azaC treatment. Cell wall synthesis was impaired under methylation inhibition. Especially, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) presented high percentage of overlap between DZnepA and 5-azaC treatment, which suggested a potential correlation between two methylations. This study provides preliminary information for a better understanding of the link between m6A and 5mC in root development of moso bamboo.

Location of Recurrences after Trimodality Treatment for Glioblastoma with Respect to the Delivered Radiation Dose Distribution and Its Influence on Prognosis.

While prognosis of glioblastoma after trimodality treatment is well examined, recurrence pattern with respect to the delivered dose distribution is less well described. Therefore, here we examine the gain of additional margins around the resection cavity and gross-residual-tumor. All recurrent glioblastomas initially treated with radiochemotherapy after neurosurgery were included. The percentage overlap of the recurrence with the gross tumor volume (GTV) expanded by varying margins (10 mm to 20 mm) and with the 95% and 90% isodose was measured. Competing-risks analysis was performed in dependence on recurrence pattern. Expanding the margins from 10 mm to 15 mm, to 20 mm, to the 95%- and 90% isodose of the delivered dose distribution with a median margin of 27 mm did moderately increase the proportion of relative in-field recurrence volume from 64% to 68%, 70%, 88% and 88% (p < 0.0001). Overall survival of patients with in-and out-field recurrence was similar (p = 0.7053). The only prognostic factor significantly associated with out-field recurrence was multifocality of recurrence (p = 0.0037). Cumulative incidences of in-field recurrences at 24 months were 60%, 22% and 11% for recurrences located within a 10 mm margin, outside a 10 mm margin but within the 95% isodose, or outside the 95% isodose (p < 0.0001). Survival from recurrence was improved after complete resection (p = 0.0069). Integrating these data into a concurrent-risk model shows that extending margins beyond 10 mm has only small effects on survival hardly detectable by clinical trials. Two-thirds of recurrences were observed within a 10 mm margin around the GTV. Smaller margins reduce normal brain radiation exposure allowing for more extensive salvage radiation therapy options in case of recurrence. Prospective trials using margins smaller than 20 mm around the GTV are warranted.

METODE STRUKTURAL ANALITIK SINTETIK (SAS) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA HURUF BRAILLE PADA ANAK TUNANETRA DI BHAKTI LUHUR MALANG

This research was motivated by the difficulty in reading braille in blind students shown by non-fluent behavior in reading both syllables, words and simple sentences in braille. In addition, subjects were slow to identify syllables, and hesitated in reading, especially when reading simple readings, consisting of 3-5 sentences. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Structure Analysis Synthesis (SAS) method can improve braille reading skills in blind children in Bhakti Luhur Malang who are in grade II SDLB-A. The method used is an experimental method with a Single Subject Research design A-B-A design. The results showed that in the baseline phase (A1) which was carried out as many as 3 sessions, the average score was 44.3%. Meanwhile, in the Intervention phase (B) which was carried out as many as 6 sessions obtained an average score of 53.8%. And the baseline phase 2 (A2) carried out as many as 3 sessions obtained an average score of 86%. The results of visual analysis in conditions show that the directional tendency increases from session to session, which means that it shows a change in good (+). Meanwhile, in the analysis between conditions, the level change from the baseline phase to the intervention phase increased from the previous data, while the percentage of overlap after calculating the intervention conditions to the baseline obtained an overlap percentage of 50%, which means that the intervention has a good effect. While in the intervention condition with baseline condition 2, an overlap percentage of 0% was obtained, which means that the intervention has a good effect on braille reading ability, the conclusion that can be drawn is that changes in braille reading ability in blind children occur due to braille reading interventions using the SAS method.