Methane Percentage Research Articles

Influence of the natural gas composition and flue gas recirculation in a reverberatory furnace for nickel alloys

A reverberatory furnace for nickel refining is an open flame furnace that comes from a burner, which uses natural gas as fuel; and which working temperatures vary from 1450°C to 1550°C. In reverberatory furnaces there is a waste of heat generated by the burners. If we in time use an adequate recirculation of the combustion gases from the flame we could increase the fraction of heat transferred to the molten metal, in our case, nickel alloys. In this work, we developed a CDF modeling for this type of furnaces to optimize the dynamics of the exhaust gases, to contribute to a more efficient smelting process, focusing on the fact that the efficiency depends on the composition of natural gas. In our study we used 3 different compositions of natural gas, focusing on the percentages of methane with 95.89% Russian natural gas, with 89.67% Spanish and with 89% Bolivian natural gas. This modeling allows us to work with fluid dynamics, combustion and heat transfer, using the Finite Volume Method. Radiation is a very important process to take into account and is adapted to calculate heat transfer. The modeling has been using the ANSYS CFD 19R3 program. The results show the influence of the composition of natural gas on heat transfer in reverberatory furnaces fed with natural gas.

Energy, exergy and pinch analyses of an integrated cryogenic natural gas process based on coupling of absorption–compression refrigeration system, organic Rankine cycle and solar parabolic trough collectors

The natural gas entering the liquefaction cycle usually consists of nitrogen, ethane, propane and also heavier hydrocarbons which are economically explainable to be separated from methane, considering that their heating values are higher than methane. In this paper, a hybrid system is developed and analyzed for liquefied natural gas, natural gas liquids and power tri-generation using LNG/NGLs recovery system, absorption–compression combined refrigeration, organic Rankine cycle and solar parabolic trough collectors. This integrated structure produces 54.12 kg s−1 NGLs, 66.52 kg s−1 LNG and 278.5 MW net power output. Specific power consumption, thermal and exergy efficiencies of the hybrid system are 0.3771 kWh kg−1 LNG, 78.38% and 84.47%, respectively. The pinch method is used to extract the heat exchanger network related to the multi-stream heat exchanger of the hybrid system. To simulate the integrated structure, MATLAB programming, HYSYS and TRNSYS software with the weather conditions of Bandar Abbas city in Iran are used. The effect of natural gas composition entering the cycle on system parameters is studied and reported. Results show that with the reduction in methane percentage in natural gas to 55 mol%, specific power consumption increases to 0.6004 kWh kg−1 LNG, and thermal efficiency decreases to 71.61%. The integrated structural behavior at different operating conditions is used to investigate the sensitivity analysis.

Energy, exergy and sensitivity analyses of a novel hybrid structure for generation of Bio-Liquefied natural Gas, desalinated water and power using solar photovoltaic and geothermal source

Nowadays, with the increased energy demand worldwide, the utilization of various energies with the approach of maximizing the energy systems performance is an inevitable issue. The produced biogas from various types of biomasses as a renewable source of energy can satisfy a portion of the human needs due to its vast resources. In the present study, an integrated structure is developed and analyzed for the generation of bio-liquefied natural gas, desalinated water and power using the upgrading biogas system, multi-effect thermal desalination, and organic Rankine cycle. The photovoltaic system and geothermal source are employed to supply the power and heating for the integrated structure, respectively. This hybrid system generates 5.295 kg/s bio-LNG, 2.773 kg/s desalinated water and 840 kW power. The mixed fluid cascade cycle is used for methane liquefaction that its specific power consumption is reduced to 0.1888 kWh/kg LNG by using the absorption refrigeration system. The overall thermal and exergy efficiencies of the integrated system are 73.22% and 76.84%, respectively. Exergy analysis illustrates that the solar photovoltaic with 70.05% and the towers with 8.05% of exergy destruction have the most exergy destruction to the total equipment. The investigation on the effect of variation of methane percentage in the existing biogas on the system performance shows that with the increase of methane percentage to 75 mol%, the amount of produced bio-LNG and desalinated water increase up to 7.969 kg/s and 2.779 kg/s, respectively. Also, the total thermal efficiency would increase by up to 73.30%.

Methanogens Diversity during Anaerobic Sewage Sludge Stabilization and the Effect of Temperature

Anaerobic sludge stabilization is a commonly used technology. Most fermenters are operated at a mesophilic temperature regime. Modern trends in waste management aim to minimize waste generation. One of the strategies can be achieved by anaerobically stabilizing the sludge by raising the temperature. Higher temperatures will allow faster decomposition of organic matter, shortening the retention time, and increasing biogas production. This work is focused on the description of changes in the community of methanogenic microorganisms at different temperatures during the sludge stabilization. At higher temperatures, biogas contained a higher percentage of methane, however, there was an undesirable accumulation of ammonia in the fermenter. Representatives of the hydrogenotrophic genus Methanoliea were described at all temperatures tested. At temperatures up to 50 °C, a significant proportion of methanogens were also formed by acetoclastic representatives of Methanosaeta sp. and acetoclastic representatives of the order Methanosarcinales. The composition of methanogens in the fermenter significantly changed at 60 °C when typically thermophilic species, like Methanothermobacter marburgensis, appeared. A decrease in the diversity of methanogens was observed, and typical hydrogenotrophic methanogenic archaea isolated from fermenters of biogas plants and anaerobic wastewater treatment plants represented by genus Methanoculleus were no longer present.

A comparative and experimental study on performances of Natural gas-Air Combustion, Helium, and Air as Propellants in a Gas Gun

ABSTRACT In this study, the performance of a single-stage gas gun with a natural gas-air mixture as the propellant gas is investigated by measuring the explosion pressure and the projectile velocity. In this work, the combined effect of elevated initial pressure, mixing, equivalence ratio, and ignition energy on the explosion pressure and projectile velocity is studied. To assess the performance of the natural gas-air combustion, a series of tests with helium and air as the propellant gas are carried out to measure the projectile velocity. The fuel used in this study consisted of 84.2% methane, 9.5% ethane, and 3.7% propane. The helium gas was 99.999% pure. The volume fraction of fuel in the natural gas-air mixture varied between 4.98% and 17.3%, and the flammability limits of the natural gas were between 4.41% and 14.47%. The equivalence ratio Φ was used to control the fuel concentration in the mixture. The equivalence ratio in this study was 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, and 2. The experimental results indicated that despite the low percentage of methane and high percentage of higher hydrocarbons in natural gas, the maximum pressure still occurs at the equivalence ratio 1, the finding which had already been proved to be the case for pure methane. However, the maximum combustion pressure is reduced compared to other fuels with higher methane and lower hydrocarbon content. Also, the study showed that the maximum combustion pressure increased with rising the ignition energy also when the mixer was used to blend the natural gas-air mixture. The experimental results showed that at low pressures, the projectile velocity was higher using helium compared to the same pressures produced by the combustion of methane-air mixture. However, at higher pressures, the projectile velocity was much higher for the pressures produced by combustion due to its lower molecular weight and the heat produced in the combustion process. The price analysis also indicated that for the same output pressure, the cost of a test with a methane-air explosion is 78 times lower than that of a test with helium.

Installing Piezoelectric tiles in Children Outdoor Playing areas to Create Clean & Healthy Environment; Case Study of El-Shams Sporting Club, Cairo_Egypt

The pollution rate has increased during the last decades, the increasing percentage of CO2 and methane causes environmental problems such as changing in climate and rising of new diseases that jeopardize the public health. Creating a clean and healthy environment is an essential goal to protect the planet and human race. The environmental changes became a great issue all over the world especially in the developing countries such as Egypt, lately the electricity generation process and the heavy usage of fossil fuel increased the numbers of children infected by asthma and lung problems due to the air pollution. In order to have clean and healthy environment, these countries must reduce the use of non-renewable sources and replace them with clean renewable sources. Relying on non-renewable sources for electricity generation is not a suitable option anymore for the developing countries that suffers from economic problem, has no medical insurance policy and has high pollution rates such as Egypt. Children usually consumes a lot of energy during their playing period which helps them to learn and to develop their skills, it is considered one of the healthiest and most important routine for the children. This research intends to use the children movements during their playing period to generate clean energy that can be used to electrify children outdoor areas in order to create a clean and healthy environment for children in the developing countries while providing a new environmental friendly source for energy generation. The main scope Integrating piezoelectric cells in the children outdoor play sets and to use quantitative research method to calculate the average energy generated from installing the piezoelectric tiles in the children outdoor area of El-Shams sports club located in Egypt. The study will compare the energy generated from using piezoelectric cells to the club’s energy consumption. The results revealed that installing piezoelectric tiles in children outdoor area generated more than 50 % of energy consumed in the sports club.

Biomethane Potential Test: Influence of Inoculum and the Digestion System

High precision of measurement of methane potential is important for the economic operation of biogas plants in the future. The biochemical methane potential (BMP) test based on the VDI 4630 protocol is the state-of-the-art method to determine the methane potential in Germany. The coefficient of variation (CV) of methane yield was >10% in several previous inter-laboratory tests. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of inoculum and the digestion system on the measurement variability. Methane yield and methane percentage of five substrates were investigated in a Hohenheim biogas yield test (D-HBT) by using five inocula, which were used several times in inter- laboratory tests. The same substrates and inocula were also tested in other digestion systems. To control the quality of the inocula, the effect of adding trace elements (TE) and the microbial community was investigated. Adding TE had no influence for the selected, well- supplied inocula and the community composition depended on the source of the inocula. The CV of the specific methane yield was <4.8% by using different inocula in one D-HBT (D-HBT1) and <12.8% by using different digestion systems compared to D-HBT1. Incubation time between 7 and 14 days resulted in a deviation in CV of <4.8%.

Tree-Type Boreholes in Coal Mines for Enhancing Permeability and Methane Drainage: Theory and an Industrial-Scale Field Trial

Tree-type borehole drilling (TTBD) is a novel stress relief method for stimulating methane drainage from coal in underground coal mines. This paper is a report on studies that analyzed the permeability enhancement capabilities of tree-type boreholes in coal seams and presents a precedent-setting industrial trial of this new method in a 200-m section of a drainage roadway in a coal mine, the Shoushan coal mine in Henan province, China. Detailed simulation results indicated that after coal seams were stimulated using the TTBD method, a large number of fractures were initiated around the tree-type boreholes. These fractures propagated along the direction of maximum horizontal stress and formed highly permeable flow channels for methane transport from the coal into the tree-type sub-boreholes. The fractures gradually became shorter along the length of the sub-boreholes. As the sub-boreholes were shortened, the area fractured and the number of induced fracture decreased rapidly. Conversely, the fracture density and the value of homogeneity coefficient, β, increased. The industrial trial showed that compared with gas drainage from a conventional borehole in the Ji15−17 coal seams, the gas production rate from a single tree-type borehole was 4.7 times faster and the percentage of methane in the gas produced was 1.7 times higher. In addition, the borehole drainage attenuation time was 2.5 times longer for the tree-type boreholes. The total volume of gas production produced from 238 tree-type boreholes in a 200-m section of roadway was over 70,000 cubic meters, 1.4 times the methane extracted by 938 conventional boreholes in an adjoining 200-m section of the same roadway. In addition, the number of boreholes required to drain 1.4 times as much gas was 75% smaller. These results have provided support for the appreciation and application of this new technique for improving underground coal mine methane drainage.

Kinetic model of biogas production from co-digestion of Thai rice noodle wastewater with rice husk and different type of manure with ash supplement

In recent decades up to now, researches on alternative energies have been intensified particularly those on biomethane and biohydrogen from agriculture wastes and municipal wastes. The objective of this research was to study the biogas production from anaerobic co-digestion of Thai rice noodle wastewater with rice husk and different types of animal manure (chicken manure, cow manure, and quail manure), with and without ash supplement. There were 27 experiments conducted in batch digesters at room temperature (28-30 °C) and each experiment was triplicated. Each digester contained 10 g of animal manure, 10 g of rice husk, and 200 ml total working volumes of Thai rice noodle wastewater. Five different amounts of ashes (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 g) were supplemented. The results showed that the co-digestion of Thai rice noodle wastewater with chicken manure, rice husk, and 6 g of ash supplement gave the highest methane percentage, cumulative methane production and bio-methane potential (BMP): average value of 71.5%, 1,846 mL and 311.2 mLCH4/gVSremoved respectively. This co-digestion gave the initial pH of 7.0 and it was sustained in an optimal range (pH 6.8-7.5) until the digestion stopped (45 days). Slow release of nutrients from slowly digestible substrates helped to balance the digestion steps, sustaining pH to around 7. In contrary, other sub-optimal ratios produced the final pH was lower than its initial pH, and the AD process could fail or produced less methane. In the kinetic study, it was also found that traditional Gompertz and Monod-type models for single substrate digestion could not describe the biogas evolution curve satisfactory. Two-substrate models were used instead and able to describe the experimental data very well.

Magnetite/zeolite nanocomposite-modified cathode for enhancing methane generation in microbial electrochemical systems

• Magnetite/zeolite (MZ) was synthesized as novel cathode catalyst in MES. • Electrochemical analyses proved superior catalytic activity of MZ for methanation. • Current generation, substrate and VFAs removal rate were promoted in MES-MZ. • MZ catalyst facilitated electron transfer by lowering cathode overpotential losses. In this study, magnetite/zeolite (MZ) was successfully synthesized to use as a feasible and cost-effective cathode catalyst for enhancing methane generation in a microbial electrochemical system (MES). The novel MZ catalyst consists of hydrophilic zeolite cores and conductive magnetite nanoparticles for enhanced electroactive biofilm development on the cathode by facilitating micro-channels for nutrient diffusion, increased surface area, and reduced charge transfer resistance. The MES using an MZ cathode (MES-MZ) achieved a maximum methane yield of 0.38 ± 0.010 LCH 4 /gCOD, which was significantly higher than that of the control operation without a catalyst (0.33 ± 0.008 LCH 4 /gCOD). The methane production rate was increased by almost 21% from 196 mL/(L.d) in the control MES to 238 mL/(L.d) in the MES-MZ, along with an improvement in the methane percentage from 73% to 79%. In addition, the maximum current generation was recorded using the MES-MZ at 9.29 ± 0.16 mA, which was about 16% higher than that of 8.0 ± 0.13 mA observed in the control reactor and is consistent with about a 36.2% improvement of the Coulombic efficiency. The CV and EIS analyses revealed that MZ lowered the overpotential losses during the electron transfer process, and revealed a more positive cathode potential with the MES-MZ (−0.48 V vs. Ag/AgCl), which possibly suggests direct electron transfer for the dominant pathway for the conversion of carbon dioxide to methane.

Effects of Different Seed Substances on Anaerobic Degradation of Municipal Solid Waste in Recirculated Bioreactor

Alternatively, to traditional landfilling, using bioreactor landfilling and anaerobic treatment technology has been increasing recently, which facilitates more controlled conditions for the degradation of wastes. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different seed sludges inoculation on the anaerobic degradation performance of the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (OFMSWs) in the simulated bioreactors. In this respect, Bio-One™, Anaerobic, and Karahayit sludge as seed materials were tested for the performance on the degradation of OFMSW. Besides methane quantity and percentage, the leachate characteristics and methanogenic microflora were also determined. At the end of the 90 days, the cumulative methane quantity and percentage of inoculated reactors were higher than the control. The highest methanogen diversity was found at Anaerobic and Karahayit seed sludge inoculated bioreactors. The methanogen species belonging to the Methanobacteriales, Methanomicrobiales, and Methanosarcinales were detected except Methanococcales and Methanopyrales orders in bioreactor systems.

Effect of hybrid (microwave-H2O2) feed sludge pretreatment on single and two-stage anaerobic digestion efficiency of real mixed sewage sludge

The impacts of hybrid microwave-oxidative (MW-H2O2) feed sludge pretreatment on performance efficiency of conventional single-stage and a novel two-stage semi-continuous anaerobic digestion of mixed waste activated sludge were studied to enhance biogas production and digestate quality. Untreated two-stage anaerobic digestion (thermophilic followed by mesophilic) achieved 76.4 ml/gTCOD methane yield compared to 40.4 ml/gTCOD achieved through conventional mesophilic anaerobic digestion, with an increase in methane percentage. Application of hybrid (MW-H2O2) sludge pretreatment in the two-stage digestion enhanced initial sludge hydrolysis/solubilisation and consequently achieved 143.4 ml/gTCOD methane yield. Also, the highest methane percentage of 71 % was achieved during peak methanogenesis stage in this process. The synergetic effects of hybrid pretreatment were also confirmed by the higher release of extracellular polymeric substances. Oxidative stress exerted by the pretreatment resulted in the accumulation of superoxide radicals in the initial thermophilic phase; followed by increased sludge activity and biomethanation in the later phase of two-stage digestion. Hybrid feed sludge pretreatment in the two-stage system achieved a 73 % volatile solids reduction and more than 90 % reduction of faecal coliform. The various kinetic model parameters were determined by the application of the modified Gompertz model. These results illustrate that a novel semi-continuous two-stage anaerobic digester with hybrid feed sludge pretreatment improved sludge hydrolysis, sludge solubilisation, biogas production, sludge stabilization and reduces sludge retention time, and also achieves “class-A” biosolids by significant pathogen destruction.

Gasification of walnut shells in an open core downdraft gasifier for the producer gas generation

ABSTRACT This research work depicts the results obtained during the experiment performed for walnut shell gasification process. In order to carry out the gasification process, a downdraft gasifier has been installed in a Thermal Engineering Laboratory of National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, India for the purpose of generating a combustible gas popularly known as “Producer gas.” The walnut shells have been gasified with air used as a gasifying agent. In this experimental work equivalence ratio Φ varied from 0.170 to 0.251; subsequently, feedstock consumption rate also varied from 68 to 77 kg/h. Results publicized that at an equivalence ratio Φ of 0.251, cold gas efficiency and calorific value of producer gas has its maximum value of 83.07% and 7.59 MJ/Nm3, respectively. The percentage of methane (CH4) in producer gas reached its maximum value of 7.04% at Φ equals to 0.251. Further, oxidation zone temperature varied in between 700 and 1000°C during this study.

Nanoporous carbon based palm kernel shell and its characteristics of methane and carbon dioxide adsorption

Biogas is typically composed of 55% methane, 45% carbon dioxide, and small amount of impurities. For high quality of fuel, it is necessary to increase percentage of methane by removing carbon dioxide. This can be performed by molecular sieve utilizing different diffusivity of methane and carbon dioxide passing through pores. This work presents a study of adsorption properties (isotherm and kinetics) of carbon dioxide and methane on porous carbon from palm kernel shell. The biochar of palm kernel shell was activated at high temperature of 800 °C with steam. The carbon produced was then characterized by N2-sorption analysis, and ultimate analysis. The usability of material for CO2 and CH4 adsorption was tested using a static volumetric method. The results showed that steam-activated porous carbon features a higher surface area (650 m2 g−1) and more mesoporous structures with respect to the carbon produced without steam activation. In the adsorption study, the results showed that the carbon exhibited a higher adsorption to CO2 (2.0 mmol g−1) than CH4 (1.1 mmol g−1) at 1 atm and 30 °C. In the adsorption kinetics test, results displayed that the adsorption of CO2 on carbon is slower than methane, which is good for separation purposes.

Community based biogas plant utilizing food waste and cow dung

This research deals with recovery of energy from waste materials such as cow dung (CD) and Food waste (FW). A community scale biogas plant of 5 m3 capacity was established at IIT Mandi, Himachal Pradesh (HP) and was operated for a period of 160 days. The plant was seeded with CD collected from a Gaushala in Sundernagar (HP). The plant operation stabilized within a startup period of 4–5 weeks. Thereafter, CD feed was gradually replaced by FW by increasing FW:CD ratio from 1:10 to 1:1. The Organic loading rate (OLR) to biogas plant was gradually increased from 0.4 kg VS/m3 d to 5.2 kg VS/m3 d within a span of 6 months; concomitantly reducing the hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 63 to 33 days. During the same period, the production of biogas increased from 50 l/d to 1620 l/d with methane percentage of 60–65%. The plant operation was satisfactory at FW:CD ratio of 1:1 and OLR of 5.2 kg VS/m3 d with biogas production of 1620 l/d corresponding to methane yield of 0.14 m3/kg VS removal. This research demonstrates that FW was satisfactorily treated through anaerobic process for the production of biogas as energy.

Tannery wastewater as nutrient supply in production of biogas from solid tannery wastes mixed through anaerobic co-digestion

The possibility of using tannery raw wastewater as substitute for the nutrient supply in the anaerobic co-digestion of two tannery solid waste was investigated with regard to energy efficiency, waste treatment efficiency and economic efficiency. The results showed that the use of tannery wastewater as a source of nutrients for the AD of solid tannery waste proved to be adequate from the point of view that the three residues are being treated simultaneously. There was a biogas production of only 1.9±0.3mL/VSS. However, the percentage of methane in the biogas reached 33 % at the beginning of the process, proving that there was methanogenic activity and that AD established. The cost analysis showed that there is a great reduction in the cost of wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal of 23 % and 18 %, respectively, in terms of electricity consumption and 11 % and 8 % respectively in terms of thermal consumption.

BIOGAS PRODUCTION AND In vitro CH4 FROM EXCREMENT OF CATTLE, SHEEP, PIGS AND HEN

<p>The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of pig, ovine, bovine and hen excreta on biogas production and in vitro methane. Five kg of fresh excreta from cattle, sheep, pigs and hen was used. Each excreta were mixed with water at a ratio of 1: 4. Subsequently, 600 ml of the mixture was poured into bottles of 1-liter nominal capacity, sealed hermetically and kept at 39-40 °C. The total gas production and methane was evaluated. The highest (P<0.05) total gas production was observed in in vitro digesters with hen excreta (27.1 L gas/kg excreta). Methane production and percentage of methane in the gas produced was higher (P<0.05) on in vitro digesters with sheep excreta (8.3 L methane/kg of excreta and 74.7% respectively). The excreta of sheep can be used as a substrate in anaerobic biodigesters due to the potential of methane production.</p>

Synthesis of optimal biogas production system from multiple sources of wastewater and organic waste

Biogas is one of the products that can be produced from wastewater or organic waste. Given the input streams for biogas digester can come from multiple sources rich in organic compound, optimization can be performed to maximise the production. In an industrial park with several types of industry, wastewaters and/or organic wastes from the industries or surrounding area can be used as feedstock for biogas production. Compared to conventional industrial park, Eco-Industrial Park (EIP) could be the appropriate platform for implementation as it advocates for industrial symbiosis through materials exchange and minimisation of waste, which are also in-line with the circular economy concept. In this study, a superstructure applicable for an EIP, which consists of multiple biogas sources, biogas digester, biogas upgrading, and biogas demands are developed. The model considers parameters which can affect biogas production quality and quantity such as Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Carbon/Nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio), and temperature. It also considers percentage of methane lost, removal efficiency of Carbon Dioxide (CO2), electricity cost, capital cost of the selected biogas digesters as well as the cleaning and upgrading units. The main objective of the mathematical model is to maximise the profit generation from biogas generation for the EIP centralized biogas production plant. The model is solved by using General Algebraic Modelling System (GAMS) software. Case study conducted shows that anaerobic closed lagoon is selected as digester for the industrial wastewaters, while water scrubber is suggested as the biogas upgrading technology. A yearly profit is estimated at USD13,700,000, which is generated from selling of 279nm3 of purified biogas. This may suggest that generating biogas from several sources of industrial wastewater and organic waste could be potentially feasible, thus reducing unnecessary pollutant while capturing the carbon source as an additional revenue stream.

Biogas Generation from Sonicated Excess Sludge

The article presents an analysis of the possibilities of biogas production in the process of methane fermentation of sonicated excess sludge. The greater the percentage of methane in biogas, the higher its calorific value. In order to increase the intensity of biogas production containing approximately 70% of methane, sewage sludge is disintegrated. In particular, excess sludge formed as a result of advanced wastewater treatment by the activated sludge method shows low biodegradability. The study aim was to examine the effect of the ultrasonic field disintegration of excess sludge on biogas production. As a result of subjecting the sludge to disintegration by ultrasonic field, there was an increase in the digestion degree of sewage sludge. In the methane fermentation process of modified sludge, an increase of the biogas yield was noted, which confirmed the supportive action of ultrasonic field on the excess sludge biodegradation. In the case of disintegration of excess sludge by ultrasonic field, for the ultrasonic field intensity value of 4.3 W cm−2 and a sonication time equal to 300 s, the highest values of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), total organic carbon (TOC), and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentrations were obtained. In the process of conventional methane fermentation, biogas yield value was 0.303 L g VSS−1, while in the process of methane fermentation of sonicated excess sludge, the value 0.645 L g VSS−1.

Sistema de extraccion y tratamiento de metano

Currently sanitary landfills are considered sources of atmospheric pollutants. Biogas, a product of the biological decomposition of organic waste, incorporates mostly methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), which are greenhouse gases. A large number of municipal sanitary landfills do not have control over methane gas emissions to the surface. This project is based on the construction of a portable prototype system for the extraction and treatment of methane gas from landfills. The objective was to manufacture and build a portable prototype system for the extraction and treatment of methane gas from municipal sanitary landfills. That it implements the necessary sections and devices to treat the gas and in this way facilitate its later use as fuel in heating systems, domestic use and / or internal and external combustion thermal machines. Using for this purpose a system of gas extraction, separation of solids, de-humidification and desulphurisation process. In the system variables such as the percentage of methane, temperature and humidity are monitored, in order to give a stability to the gas treatment process.