Giblet Percentage Research Articles

Effect of Different Levels of Metabolizing Energy on Productive Performance of Two Grower Quail Strains.

Two strains of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), including 250 birds of desert and 250 birds of white color, all one day old and unsexed, were divided into five treatment groups with 50 replicates in each group. These treatments included five levels of metabolism energy (ME) levels, including 2700, 2800, 2900, 3000, and 3100 Kcal/Kg diet. The study included one stage from day 1 to day 42 of birds' age. The results confirmed a statistically significant difference (P≤0.05) caused by ME levels in the body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (feed [g] weight gain [g]), water consumption, water conversion ratio (ml weight gain [g]), protein conversion ratio (protein [g] weight gain [g]), energy conversion ratio (Kcal weight gain [g]), carcass weight, in addition to albumin and triglyceride. Therefore, the results showed significant effects (P≤0.05) of ME levels and the interaction on feed consumption, protein consumption, edible giblet percentage, tenderness, and juiciness. Significant differences (P≤0.05) were also caused by ME levels in the total cholesterol. In addition, significant differences (P≤0.05) have been found in the interaction on mortality percentage. Net return (Iraqi Dinar/live weight [Kg]) for desert quail was better than that for the white quail (2900 Kcal/Kg diet), and the interaction effect was stronger on the desert strain with 2900 Kcal than the white strain.

Effect of supplementation multi-enzyme on productive performance of two strains of Japanese quail

Five levels of multi-enzyme (Roxazyme) 0, 0.010, 0.020, 0.030 and 0.040% from total ration, and two strains of grower Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica ), desert and white color strain, and the interaction, use in this study. 640 birds of quail of two strains distributed to 5 experimental treatments, in each one 64 birds, and then divided to 4 replicates, with 16 birds in it. The results assert significant differences (p≤ 0.05) for strain, multi-enzyme addition and the interaction between them on body weight, weight gain, feed conversion coefficient, water conversion coefficient, carcass weight, dressing percentage, edible giblets percentage, breast percentage, Globulin on blood serum. The results of interaction between strain and multi-enzyme addition also show significant events (p≤ 0.05) on feed intake and water intake. Finally, Desert quail strain recorded the best net revenue (Iraqi Dinar/Kg live weight) (Iraqi Dinar/Kg carcass), the treatment of multi-enzyme addition 0.030% (T4) as well as registered heist net revenue (Iraqi Dinar/Kg live weight) (Iraqi Dinar/Kg carcass) and interaction between these treatments also show up best net revenue (Iraqi Dinar/Kg live weight) (Iraqi Dinar/Kg carcass). No significant effect in all other traits in this paper.

Polymorphisms of CRELD1 and DNAJC30 and their relationship with chicken carcass traits

Carcass traits play important roles in the broiler industry and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) can be efficient molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding of chicken carcass traits. Based on our previous RNA-seq data (accession number GSE58755), cysteine rich with epidermal growth factor like domains 1 (CRELD1) and DnaJ heat shock protein family member C30 (DNAJC30) are differentially expressed in breast muscle between white recessive rock chicken (WRR) and Xinghua chicken (XH). In this study, we further characterize the potential function and SNP mutation of CRELD1 and DNAJC30 in chicken for the first time. According to protein interaction network and enrichment analysis, CRELD1 and DNAJC30 may play some roles in chicken muscle development and fat deposition. In WRR and XH, the results of the relative tissue expression pattern demonstrated that CRELD1 and DNAJC30 are not only differentially expressed in breast muscle but also leg muscle and abdominal fat. Therefore, we identified 5 SNP sites of CRELD1 and 7 SNP sites of DNAJC30 and genotyped them in an F2 chicken population. There are 4 sites of CRELD1 and 3 sites of DNAJC30 are associated with chicken carcass traits like breast muscle weight, body weight, dressed weight, leg weight percentage, eviscerated weight with giblet percentage, intermuscular adipose width, shank length, and girth. These results suggest that the SNP sites of CRELD1 and DNAJC30 can be potential molecular markers to improve the chicken carcass traits and lay the foundation for marker-assisted selection.

Performance of broiler chicken on dietary supplementation of protected organic acids blend

ABSTRACT 1. The fatty acid coated organic acids blend was evaluated for its potential as a growth promoter. 2. A six-week experiment was conducted following a completely randomised design. One-day old broiler chicks (n = 384) were randomly divided into four dietary groups (eight replicates per group). Diet treatments were an unsupplemented basal diet or containing 0.3, 0.6 and 1 g/kg of a coated organic acid blend. Birds were evaluated for growth performance, carcass traits, immune-competence, total viable count and gut villus height. 3. The broiler chickens fed with 1 g/kg organic acids blend showed significantly higher body weight gain with improved feed conversion ratio and lower mortality than those fed the basal diet. 4. The carcass traits vis. eviscerated yield, dressing percentage, breast yield and relative weight of giblets, were significantly better in the group fed with 1 g/kg coated organic acids blend with reduction in abdominal fat. 5. Significantly higher cell-mediated, humoral immune responses and villi height with higher lymphoid organ weight (bursa and thymus) and a significant decrease in the total viable count were recorded in birds fed 1 g/kg organic acids blend. 6. The results indicated that dietary inclusion of coated organic acids blend (1 g/kg) improved growth performance, carcass traits, immunity, and gut health in broiler chicken and reduced total viable count and abdominal fat, indicating its potential role as a promising growth promoter in poultry.

Percentage of giblets of Several Types of Ducks in Semi-Intensive Maintenance

The purpose of this study was to determine the carcass composition of several different types of ducks in a semi-intensive maintenance system. There were 16 ducks used with 3 months of age based on a complete randomized design (CRD) with 4 different duck treatments and 4 replications. Based on the results and discussion, it can be concluded that at the same age, Peking duck, alabio duck, manila duck and mojosari duck were significantly different (P <0.01) in cutting weight, carcass percentage, thigh percentage, back percentage, gizzard percentage and fat percentage abdominal. Meanwhile, the different types of ducks did not affect (P> 0.05) chest percentage, wing percentage, neck percentage and heart percentage. In general, live weight, percentage of carcasses and parts of carcasses of manila ducks were superior to mojosari ducks, alabio ducks and Peking ducks. The alabio duck is superior to the Peking duck and the mojosari duck. In terms of non-carcass organs, mojosari ducks had a percentage of gizzard superior to Peking, alabio and manila ducks, while the percentage of liver was significantly different (P <0.05) and the percentage of heart was not significantly different (P> 0.05). The abdominal fat content of alabio duck is very different from that of Peking duck, mojsari duck and manila duck.

The Impact of Dietary Fermented Seaweed (Turbinaria murayana) with Fruit Indigenous Micro Organism’s (IMO’s) as a Starter on Broiler Performance, Carcass Yield and Giblet Percentage

The Impact of Dietary Fermented Seaweed (Turbinaria murayana) with Fruit Indigenous Micro Organism’s (IMO’s) as a Starter on Broiler Performance, Carcass Yield and Giblet Percentage

Slaughter weight, carcass and giblets percentage of broiler chicken with addition of Indigofera zollingeriana leaves in feed

This study was aimed to study the addition effect of Indigofera zollingeriana leaves flour in feed on slaughter weight, carcass and giblets percentage of broiler chicken. This research used completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were P0 = control, P1 = feed containing 2% indigofera leaves flour, P2 = feed containing 4% indigofera leaves flour, and P3 = feed containing 6% indigofera leaves flour. The measured variables in this research were slaughter weight, whole carcas weight, carcas percentage, heart percentage, gizard percentage, liver percentage, and abdominal fat percentage. The data obtained were analyzed using varian analysis based on completely randomized design and continued using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The result showed that addition of 2–6% Indigofera zollingeriana leaves flour in broiler feed did not give any significant effect on slaughter weight, whole carcass weight, carcas and giblets percentage, but gave a significant effect (P<0.05) on the abdominal fat percentage of broiler chicken. The addition of 6% indigofera leaves in broiler feed could reduce the abdominal fat content.

Suplementasi Mineral Cu dan Zn dalam Pakan terhadap Organ Dalam dan Lemak Abdomen Ayam Broiler

This experiment was design to evaluate the effects of supplementation of Zn and Cu in inorganic or organic form on broiler’s percentage of giblets and abdominal fat of 35-day-old broiler chickens. The experiment used a completely randomized design with two treatments, 17 replicates and 32 birds per pen (816 female and 272 male). The treatments based on the type of mineral i.e. inorganic (T1) and organic (T2). The types of mineral did not affected the weight and percentage of weight of bursa fabricius, lymph, heart, bile gland, kidney, and abdominal fat. The types of mineral did not affected the weight of thymus, liver, proventriculus, pancreas, and gizzard, but were affected their percentage of weight (p&lt;0.05). The types of mineral were affected the length and percentage of weight of duodenum, jejunum,and ileum (p&lt;0.05) . The types of mineral were affected the length of secca, but did not affected its percentage of weight (p&lt;0.05). The types of mineral did not affected the length of colon, but were affected its percentage of weight (p&lt;0.05). The supplementation of mineral Cu and Zn in organic form has better absorption of nutrient and positive effect to health of chickens in stress due to heat stress.&#x0D; Key words: broiler, copper, inorganik mineral, organik mineral, zinc

Effect of Age and Genotype of Native Breed Cockerels on Carcass and Meat Quality

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine meat quality in cockerels of two multipurpose breeds reared to different ages. The study involved 30 cockerels each of two native breeds: Yellowleg Partridge (Ż-33) and Rhode Island Red (R-11). The results showed that cockerels of the native breeds Rhode Island Red (R-11) and Yellowleg Partridge (Ż-33) represent a good starting material for niche production of poultry meat R-11 cockerels exhibited a better rate of weight gain and their carcasses had higher yellowness and redness values compared to Ż-33 birds. The carcasses of both cockerel breeds had lower breast and higher leg muscle percentage, and their meat contained more collagen and protein and less fat. As birds aged, body weight and abdominal fat percentage increased, and giblets percentage decreased in the cockerels of both breeds, whereas in the R-11 breed dressing percentage increased, leg bone percentage decreased, yellowness (a*) increased and redness (b*) decreased. Neither genotype nor slaughter age had a significant effect on chemical composition of the breast and leg muscles. In both breeds, the breast and leg muscle quality traits were more affected by age than genotype.

IMPACT OF GROWTH PROMOTERS ADDITION ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND IMMUNE RESPONSE IN BROILER CHICKEN

The purpose of this work was to study the effect of Fenugreek seeds powder (Trigonella foenum-gracum L.) and Camphor leaves powder (Cinnamomum camphora) on productive performance and immune response of Ross broiler chicken. A total of 100 day-old unsexed broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to five treatment groups with two replicates of 10 each reared for 42 days. The experimental diets were: Control diet (C), fenugreek seeds powder 1g/1kg (F1), fenugreek seeds powder 1.5g/1kg (F2), camphor leaves powder 1g/1kg (C1), camphor leaves powder 1g/1kg (C2). The F2 trait recorded the best results during most of ages for body weight and body weight gain. Dressing percentage of broilers at five week was significantly higher value for Cph1 group. The percentage of minor and major breast muscles showed a slightly non-significant increase to Cph2 trait. The drum muscle weight percentage showed a higher significant value for (Cph1) trait. The F2 group recorded the lower significant value for Giblets percentage compared to another groups and control group. The highest value for spleen percentage was recorded in F1 group and the lowest value showed in control and Cph2. Bursa gland recorded the highest value for F2 group and the lowest value recorded by Control and Cph2 group. The F1 group recorded the highest value for thymus gland percentage and the lowest value showed in Cph2 group. The Cph2 and F2 treatments had the maximum cutaneous basophilic hypersensitivity swelling response with insignificantly difference at 24 hr after injection, while at 48 hr, the Cph2 trait had significantly higher dermal swelling response compared to other traits and control group. The F1 and F2 groups had significantly hyper responder to sheep red blood cells at seven days post secondary injection, while at fourteen days post secondary injection, Cph2 and F2 groups had significantly hyper responses to sheep red blood cells. Therefore, fenugreek seeds and camphor leaves supplementation as a growth promoter at 1.5g / 1kg might be acceptable for achieving better performance under environmental conditions of Egypt.

MORFOMETRYC PERCENTAGE OF GIBLET MOJOSARI ALABIO DUCK THAT GIVEN SALAM LEAF EXTRAC (SYZIGIUM POLIANTUM) IN DRINKING WATER

Mojosari x Alabio (MA) ducks have several advantages including higher egg productivity, early age of egg laying, faster growth, better production consistency, compared to its parents. The bay plant is scientifically named Latin Eugenia polyantha Wight. Bay leaves contain phenolic compounds, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids and steroids. This study aims to determine the effect of giving bay leaf extract in drinking water on the percentage of giblet and mojosari alabio duck digestive apparatus. The research was carried out in the cages of the Animal Husbandry Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Djuanda, Bogor, from March to May 2019. The cattle used in this study were 100 mojosari alabio (MA) ducks aged 1 day which were kept until one week old (adaptation period). This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 replications and each repetition consists of 5 ducks. The treatments in this study consisted of 4 treatments: R0 = 0% bay leaf extract (control), R1 = 4% bay leaf extract, R2 = 8% bay leaf extract, R3 = 12% bay leaf extract. The data obtained were analyzed using the Analysis of variance (ANOVA), the results data were significantly different (P &lt;0.05) followed by the Duncan test. The variables observed in this study were: giblet weight and digestive organ weight. The results showed that giving of bay leaf extract had no significant effect (P &lt;0.05) on the observation variables. The conclusion of this study is the provision of bay leaf extract in drinking water up to the level of 12% has an impact on the percentage of gizzard and pancreas at the age of 6 weeks. At the age of 8 weeks no effect on the percentage of giblets and the percentage of digestive organs of mojosari alabio ducks. It is recommended to give bay leaves in the form of flour with a level higher than 12%.Keywords: bay leaf extract, mojosari alabio duck, giblet percentage, digestive organ percentage.

EFFECT OF INCORPORATING PROCESSING DRIED WASTE OF GREEN BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS) IN GROWING RABBITS DIETS

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of incorporating processing waste of dried green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) (GBPW) in diets of growing NZW rabbits on nutrients digestibility, live body weight, body weight gain, carcass traits and some blood parameters. Fifty –six New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were chosen after weaned at 6 weeks of age and randomly divided into four groups (14 rabbits/group) according the their initial live body weight (740±20 g). The experimental period extended from 6 to 14 weeks of age. Four pelleted experimental diets were formulated to be approximately isocaloric, isonitrogenous and isofibrous. Dried green bean processing waste (GBPW) was incorporated at levels of 0, 10, 20 and 30% for rabbit groups, G0 (as control), G1, G2 and G3, respectively. At the end of the feeding experimental (14 weeks of age), digestibility trials were conducted to determined the nutrients digestibility and feeding values of the experimental diets. Three rabbits were slaughtered from each group to test the carcass traits and some blood plasma parameters. Results revealed that the chemical composition of GBPW recorded 87.78, 80.43, 22.37, 29.00, 4.37, 19.57 and 24.69%, respectively for DM, OM, CP, CF, EE, Ash and NFE. Significant differences (P<0.05) between control diet (G0) and tested diet (G3) in digestion coefficients of OM, CP and CF as well as the feeding values (DCP and DE) which had highest values. Inversely the tested diets did not differ significantly with control one in digestion coefficients of DM, EE and NFE, as well as TDN value. No significant differences among dietary groups in live body weight at 6 and 10 weeks with the highest values 779.29 and 1477.5g, respectively in G3. On the other hand, the live body weight at 14 weeks was significantly affected (P<0.05) by the level of incorporating GBPW in diets with the highest value (2100g) in G3 compared with control group G0 and G1. The same trend was found for total body gain (6-14 weeks) and daily gain, where G3 recorded the highest values. Insignificant differences among the experimental diets respecting feed conversion, however, G1 had the better one in the period 6-14 weeks of age. The green bean processing wastes (GBPW) levels had no significant effect on most carcass traits, G1 had the higher of liver weight and edible giblet percentage. In respect to chemical composition of rabbit's meat on DM basis, the experimental diets did not significantly effect on DM, CP and ash, while, EE percentage was affected especially for G3 as it had the highest value. On the other hand, chemical composition of fresh meat showed that higher CP% was found for G0, the lower was for G3, while, the later had the higher EE content and G1 was lower one. No significant differences for DM and ash contents were found among the groups. No significant differences in blood plasma total protein and globulin were showed among the experimental diets. Plasma albumin, ALT, AST, urea and total cholesterol were significantly affected (P<0.05) by experimental diets. Less albumin, ALT and AST were shown by G0, while less urea and cholesterol was recorded for G3. On the other hand, higher urea and cholesterol was shown by G0. Increase the rate of incorporating the GBPW from 0 to 30% in experimental diets lead to improvement in economic efficiency and relative economic efficiency. In conclusion dried green bean processing wastes could be used in feeding of growing rabbits up to 30% with no adverse effect on productive performance, carcass traits, physiological function and economical efficiency.

DETOXIFICATION OF DIETARY LEAD BY GARLIC POWDER IN BROILER CHICKS

A 2×4 factorial arrangement was performed includingtwo levels of garlic powder (0 and 0.5%) and four used levels of lead acetate (LA0, 300, 600 and 900 mg/kg diet)andeffect. One hundred twenty unsexed 1-week-old seventy two (120) Ross broiler chicks were randomly distributed to 8 dietary treatment groups (15 birds each). in broiler chickens in lead exposed broiler chicksas antibioticEach treatment Divided into 8treatments (T0-T7)each treatment was subdivided to 3 replicates and each replicate contained 5 chicks. Growth performance and carcass traits were studied. Where T0 served as Control,T2 as provided with garlic 5 g/ kg diet, T2 as provided with Lead 300 mg/ kg diet, T3 had lead 600 mg/ kg diet, T4 had Lead 900 mg/ kg diet, T5 as provided with Lead 300 mg/ kg diet+5 g garlic powder/ kg diet, T6 had lead 600 mg/ kg diet+5 g garlic powder/ kg diet, T7 had Lead 900 mg/ kg diet+5 g garlic powder/ kg diet for 42 days. The oObtained results showed that can be summarized as follow:showed a significant (p<0.01) improvement in feed conversion ratio of birds kept on a diet containing (0.5%) garlic and the final live body weight, daily body weight gain and survival rate were significantly (p<0.01) increased, whiledaily feed intake significantly (p<0.01) decreased.Butdietary lead acetate significantly decreased the final live body weight, daily body weight gain, while feed intake insignificantly (p<0.01) decreased.Also, giblet percentagewas significantly (p#0.01) affected by lead levels while, carcass or dressing percentages were insignificantly. It can be concluded that, diet formulated in 0.5%garlic can adequately ensure the growth performance in broilers chicks.final live body weight, daily body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and survival rate were significantly (p<0.01) improved while, daily feed intake was significantly (p<0.01) decreased with dietary garlic supplementation. Lead acetate significantly (p< 0.01) impaired live body weight, body weight gain and feed conversion. The interaction between lead levels and garlic supplementation showed that dietary garlic supplementation reversed these deleterious effects of lead intoxication on growth performance traits. Giblets percentage was significantly decreased with dietary supplementation by garlic and lead acetate at different levels, while, carcass and dressing were not affected significantly. These results suggested that garlic supplementation at 0.5% in broiler chicks diets can promotes growth performance traits and reverse the inhibitory effects of lead intoxication on such traits.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DIETARY FAT SOURCES ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND BREAST MEAT QUALITY IN JAPANESE QUAILS

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of use various traditional oil sources (soybean oil (SO) or palm oil (PO)) and untraditional fat sources (short-chain fatty acids (FA) or distillated fatty acids (DFA)) in Japanese quail diets compared with control diets (without any fats source) on productive performance, slaughter and carcass traits, breast meat quality and blood parameters. Thus, each experiment investigated four fats by substituting them into a basal diet at the expense of the energy-yielding ingredients. At 7- day of age, 300 unsexed, Japanese quails were divided into 5 groups (60 quails each). Each group contained 3 replicates of 20 quails each. Five dietary treatments were distributed according to diets fed to quails consecutively during starter, grower and finisher phases. The experimental groups were: Basal diet without any fats (Control), Basal diet containing soybean oil as a fat sources (T1), palm oil (T2), fatty acids (T3) and distillated fatty acids (T4). The obtained result in this study revealed that 1. There were no significant differences among all groups in live body weight (LBW) and body weight gain (BWG), feed consumption (FC) and Feed conversion ratio (FCR) values during starter, grower, finisher or overall periods, Except starter FC of (T2) group. 2. Values of Energy conversion ratio (ECR), Protein conversion ratio (PCR), performance index (PI) and production efficiency factor (PEF) showed that all experimental groups are significantly similar to the control group. quails fed (T1) diet had better protein conversion ratio (PCR) but (T2) was the lowest values. 3. Quails fed (T4) which fed Distillated fatty acids obtained the highest values on percentage of carcass, liver, heart, giblets and weight of edible parts. Otherwise, No significant differences among all experimental groups in weight of bursa and spleen. 4. Quails fed (T4) diet had the highest percentages of breast meat moisture and saturated fatty acid values. While quails fed control diets, had the highest water holding capacity (WHC) and unsaturated fatty acid values. 5. No significant differences among all experimental groups in plasma total protein, albumin, globulin, total cholesterol, HDL, calcium or phosphorus, while plasma AST, ALT or LDL, was superior with quails fed (T4) diets. It could be recommended from this study to supplement 1,2 and 3% distillated fatty acids to quail diets in age up to 42 days for improve carcass characteristics and fatty acid profile of breast meat.

EFFECT OF DIETARY BROWN ALGAE SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKS

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary brown supplementation diet on growth performance, some blood parameters and carcass characteristics of broiler chocks. A total of 150 unsexed Ross 308 one-day old broiler chicks were individually weighed and randomly divided into five groups, and each treatment replicated three times of 10 chicks. Each group was fed one of five diets during the experimental period from 1 to 42 days of age. Dietary treatments were as follow: control (without supplementation), brown algae at levels of 0.5, 2, 3.5 and 5%, respectively. The results indicated that body weight, body weight gain and performance index were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased by brown algae supplementation in comparison with birds of the control group. Feeding diet supplemented with 3.5% brown algae significantly improved feed conversion ratio (FCR). Brown algae supplementation significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased plasma total protein, albumin, globulin and liver enzymes (ALT and AST), while total cholesterol concentration was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased. Results showed significant increase of dressing and giblets percentage by brown algae supplementation, while abdominal fat was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased. In conclusion, using brown algae at a level of 3.5% in broiler diets improved performance and had positive effect on carcass characteristics of broiler chicks.

Effects of black pepper, jaggery supplementation and feed restriction on carcass traits and haematobiochemical profile of broilers

A study was conducted to study the effects of black pepper, jaggery supplementation and feed restrictions on carcass traits and haematological and biochemical profile of broilers. In this study, 480 chicks were distributed randomly into 8 treatments having total 60 birds per treatment (4 replicates × 15 chicks in each replicate). (T1_ Control group fed ad-libitum as per ICAR specification, T2-T1 With feed restriction (8–10 hrs), T3-T1 with 0.5% black pepper supplementation, T4-T1 with 0.5 % black pepper supplementation with feed restriction, T5-T1 with 1% jaggery supplementation, T6-T1 with 1% jaggery supplementation with feed restriction, T7-T1with 0.5% black pepper and 1% jaggery supplementation and T8-T1with 0.5% black pepper and 1% jaggery supplementation with feed restriction. Significantly lower liver percentage and giblet percentage was observed due to feed restriction. Significantly increase in dressing percentage was found in groups with black pepper supplementation. Non significant effect ofjaggery supplementation on carcass traits was observed. Blood cholesterol level was significantly low in feed restricted groups. Supplementation of black pepper significantly improves the hemoglobin levels as compared to groups without black pepper supplementation. Cholesterol level and glucose levels were also found lower in black pepper supplemented groups. Significantly (P<0.05) increase in hemoglobin level, glucose level and cholesterol level was observed in jaggery supplemented groups. It was concluded that feed restriction as well as supplementation of black pepper and jaggery in broiler's diet affect the carcass traits and haematobiochemical parameters of blood in broiler chickens.

Effect of Omega-3 fatty acids enrichment on performanceand carcass traits of broiler chicken

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on performance, carcass traits of broiler chicken. For this purpose, 280 day-old commercial male broiler chicks were randomly divided into seven dietary groups with eight replicates of five birds each (7x8x5) and reared in battery brooders up to 42 days of age following standard management and vaccination schedule. The birds were offered with corn-soya based broiler pre-starter (0-11 days), starter (12-21 days) and finisher (22-42 days) diets. The control diet (T1) was prepared with sunflower oil and diets for remaining treatment groups (T2- T7) were formulated by replacing sunflower oil with different levels of linseed oil and fish oil. The experimental design consists of T1 - Control diet with sunflower oil, T2 - linseed oil @ 33% of sunflower oil, T3 - linseed oil @ 67% of sunflower oil, T4 - linseed oil @ 100%, T5 - fish oil @ 33% of sunflower oil, T6 - fish oil @ 67% of sunflower oil and T7 - fish oil @ 100%. The performance of broiler chicken was evaluated in terms of weekly body weight gain (WBWG) and Feed consumption (FC) as influenced by the supplementation of various levels of Linseed and fish oil. At the end of experiment (42nd day) one bird from each replicate (8 birds per treatment) was randomly selected for estimating slaughter parameters. Significant (P less than 0.05) influence was noticed on the body weight gains of broilers. Feed consumption was not significantly (P&gt;0.05) influenced whereas, FCR was significantly (P less than 0.05) influenced. The Carcass traits like dressing yield, breast yield, liver and giblet percentage were not influenced, whereas abdominal fat percentage was significantly (P less than 0.05) influenced by the inclusion of n-3 fatty acid sources. The study indicated that supplementation of n-3 FA (LO or FO) sources at the level of 3.9 per cent did not cause any adverse effects on performance of broilers, carcass characteristics of meat in addition to decrease in abdominal fat percent.

EFFECT OF BREWER'S DRIED GRAIN AND YEAST CULTURE ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS TRAITS OF BROILER CHICKS

The present study was performed to investigate the effect of dietary brewers dried grain (BDG) and 2 levels of yeast culture (YC) (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on growth performance carcass traits some dietary measurements and economical efficiency of broiler chicks during 1-6 weeks of age under Egyptian conditions (15 October - 30 November 2014) where the ambient temperature ranged between 20 to 26 Co. A factorial design (5 × 2) arrangement was performed included five levels of BDG (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12%) and two levels of YC (0 and 0.5 g kg diet). The analysis of variance of the obtained results show a significant (P≤0.01) effect on live body weight (LBW) at 6 weeks of age, body weight gain (BWG) through 3-6 weeks of age and during 1-6 weeks of age. There was a significant linear reduction in LBW and BWG as the BDG increased (P≤ 0.01). There is a significant difference (P≤0.05) between diet containing 12% BDG and other diets for LBW and body weight gain during the whole experimental period (1-6) weeks of age. This diet have the lowest LBW and BWG. It could be noticed that, LBW and BWG during all different experimental periods were not significantly affected by different levels of YC. Also, interactions between BDG and YC levels were not significant (P≤0.05) on LBW at 6 weeks of age and BWG through (1-6) weeks of age. Results obtained in this study showed that, levels of BDG did not affect (P≤0.05) average feed consumption through all different experimental periods whereas, the feed gain ratio (FCR) significantly increased (P≤0.05) by increasing levels of BDG to 12%. The best value of FCR was 2.13 in the group of birds fed diet with 9% BDG. The present results did not show any significant effect on all carcass characteristics studied due to different dietary BDG and YC levels or their interactions, except giblets percentage, which was significantly (P≤0.01) affected by BDG levels and the interaction between BDG and YC levels. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that, taking body weight gain, feed conversion and economical efficiency, the dietary level of 9% BDG with or without yeast culture supplementation may be the best percentage till 6 weeks of age. While yeast culture did not affect on the performance and carcass traits.

Effects of grape seed extract as a natural antioxidant on growth performance, carcass characteristics and antioxidant status of rabbits during heat stress

ABSTRACTThe present study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary supplementation of grape seed extract (GSE) on growth performance, carcass traits and antioxidant status of rabbits under heat stress conditions (temperature humidity index 87.5–93.5). Weaned male New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits about 6 weeks old (n = 144, mean body weight 705 g) were randomly allotted to four dietary groups. The Control group was fed a basal diet without GSE; the experimental groups received the basal diet with 100, 200 and 300 mg GSE/kg (Groups 100 GSE, 200 GSE and 300 GSE, respectively). The experimental period lasted for 8 weeks. Compared with other groups, rabbits of Group 300 GSE had the best body weight gain and feed conversion ratio and the lowest mortality. Dietary GSE improved carcass weight, percentage of hot carcass, intestine and edible giblets, while total non-edible parts were reduced (p ≤ 0.05) in comparison with the Control group. In Groups 200 GSE and 300 GSE, plasma total protein, albumin and globulin were increased (p ≤ 0.05). In contrast, all supplementation levels of GSE reduced (p ≤ 0.05) the plasma concentrations of total lipids, total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins. Antioxidant enzymes of rabbits (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase) and total antioxidant capacity in blood were increased (p ≤ 0.05) by adding dietary GSE. However, malondialdehyde was reduced (p ≤ 0.001) with increasing GSE levels. Generally, grape seeds can be considered as rich source of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The results of the study revealed that all tested levels of GSE were useful as a natural protection against heat stress to maintain performance, carcass traits and antioxidant status and could reduce the negative effects of heat stress in rabbits.

The role of vitamin E or clay in growing Japanese quail fed diets polluted by cadmium at various levels

This study was conducted to verify whether vitamin (Vit) E or natural clay as feed additives has the potential to modulate the deleterious effects resulting from exposure to cadmium (Cd) in growing Japanese quail. 648 Japanese quail chicks (1 week old) were used to evaluate the effects of dietary Cd (0, 40, 80 and 120 mg/kg diet) and two levels of Vit E (0, 250 mg/kg diet) or two levels of natural clay (0 and 100 mg/kg diet) to study the influences of Cd, Vit E, clay or their different combinations on growth performance, carcass traits, some blood biochemical components and Cd residues in muscles and liver. Live BW and weight gain of quails were linearly decreased with increasing dietary Cd levels. Moreover, feed conversion was significantly worsened with increasing Cd level. Mortality percentage was linearly increased as dietary Cd level increased up to 120 mg/kg diet. Carcass percentage was linearly decreased as dietary Cd level increased. While, giblets percentage were linearly and quadratically differed as dietary Cd level increased. Cd caused significant changes in total plasma protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, creatinine, urea-N and uric acid concentrations as well as ALT, AST and ALP activities. Increasing dietary Cd level was associated with its increase in the muscles and liver. Dietary supplementation with 250 mg of Vit E/kg diet or 100 mg clay/kg improved live BW, BW gain and feed conversion when compared with the un-supplemented diet. Quails fed diet contained 250 mg Vit E/kg and those fed 100 mg clay/kg had the highest percentages of carcass and dressing than those fed the un-supplemented diet. Blood plasma biochemical components studied were better when birds received 250 mg of Vit E/kg diet and those received 100 mg clay/kg. Cd residues in the muscles and liver were significantly less in the birds had 250 mg of Vit E/kg or those received 100 mg clay/kg diet than those un-supplemented with Vit E. Growth performance traits and blood plasma biochemical components studied were significantly affected linearly by the interactions among Cd and each of Vit E and clay levels. In conclusion, the present results indicate that the deleterious effects induced by Cd plays a role in decreasing the performance of Japanese quail and that dietary supplementation with natural clay or Vit E may be useful in partly alleviating the adverse effects of Cd.