Percentage Of Fruit Research Articles

Gamete sex and elevation affect genetically based variation for unreduced gamete production in a mixed-ploidy plant.

Unreduced gametes are the primary mechanism of neopolyploid formation. Their production in diploid populations is arguably maladaptive, but the magnitude and patterns of genetically based variation maintained in natural populations are poorly understood. We examined variation in male and female unreduced gamete production among plants from different elevations in fireweed, Chamerion angustifolium, grown in a common environment. Using seeds from three high-elevation and three low-elevation diploid populations in one study, and a single diploid population in another, we estimated realized rates of unreduced male (sperm) and female (egg) gamete production by reciprocally pollinating diploid and tetraploid plants and estimating the incidence of tetraploid seeds using flow cytometry. Unreduced gamete frequencies per plant were similar in the two studies (0.12% vs. 0.08%). High-elevation populations had a greater percentage of fruit with seeds from unreduced gametes, but a lower percentage of seeds per fruit than low-elevation populations. Female unreduced gamete frequencies differed among elevations, but male frequencies did not, and the gamete sexes were not correlated at the plant level. We conclude that genetically based variation for unreduced gametes is maintained within and among natural populations, despite their fitness disadvantages, suggesting that local selection may be ineffective at purging them under some conditions.

Effect of Percentage Variation of Ketapang Fruit Biobrickets on Health Value and Combustion Rate

This study aims to determine the effect of variations in the percentage of Ketapang fruit (KF) bio briquette on calorific value and burning rate. This research is experimental in a physics laboratory with a literature review carried out in three stages, namely the preparation stage, the bio briquette manufacturing stage, and the bio briquette testing stage. The main ingredient used in the manufacture of bio briquettes is Ketapang fruit. The adhesive materials used were tapioca flour and sago flour with percentages of 10%, 12.5% ​​and 15%. The results showed that the calorific value of the following bio briquettes using the tapioca predicate included 5,139.45 Cal, 5,540.97 Cal, 5,922.42 Cal, and those using the sago predicate including 2,409.12 Cal, 3,653.83 Cal, 3,894.74 cal. The highest calorific value was in bio briquettes with tapioca adhesive type in the sample at 85%:15%. The burning rate of bio briquettes using tapioca glue included 1.98 gr/minute, 1.76 gr/minute, 1.62 gr/minute and those using sago glue included 2.62 gr/minute, 2.50 gr/minute, 2.31 gr/minute. The lowest burning rate value was in bio briquettes with the type of sago glue in the sample at 85%:15%. Based on the test results, it is known that the lower the percentage of keta pang fruit in the bio briquettes, the lower the burning rate, and the resulting calorific value increases.

PRESENCIA DE Chaetocapnodium zapotae EN FRUTOS DE CHICOZAPOTE (Manilkara zapota) EN VERACRUZ, MÉXICO

<p><strong>Background. </strong>The chicozapote, is native to Central America, has economic potential, due to the properties of its fruits, wood, and the production of latex. <strong>Objective.</strong> To evaluate the incidence and severity of <em>Chaetocapnodium</em><em> zapotae</em> in <em>Manilkara zapota</em> fruits. <strong>Methodology</strong>. In the month of April 2022, the incidence and severity of<em> Chaetocapnodium</em><em> zapotae</em> were evaluated in an orchard in the Apazapan, Veracruz, Mexico area. Trees were randomly selected (25% of the total number of trees in the orchard). 20 fruits per tree were collected. The percentage of incidence was calculated with the formula: I (%)=number of fruits with signs of disease / total number of fruits evaluated *100: Severity was evaluated with a visual scale.<strong> Results</strong>. The percentage of fruits with the presence of <em>C. zapotae</em> was not significantly different between the two strata of the tree crowns (t=0.519, gl=22, p=0.609). Also, no differences were observed in the orientation of the fruits within the crown. (t=1.59, gl=22; p= 0.126). All the trees evaluated presented at least one affected fruit, with an average percentage of incidence of 39.6 ± 4.5% (mean ± standard error).<strong> Implications</strong>. With this study, the need to look for new alternatives for the commercialization of its fruits is evidenced, such as the sale of processed pulp and thus avoiding its depreciation due to the external appearance.<strong> Conclusions</strong>. This research establishes the basis for future studies that should focus on the development of strategies that minimize the negative effects of <em>C. zapotae</em>, a new species, on <em>M. zapota </em>fruits in the state of Veracruz.</p>

Pomological traits and profitability of selected velvet apple germplasm

The research was accomplished during February to August, 2021 at Germplasm Center (GC), Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU) and farmers’ homesteads in Patuakhali district to find out different characteristics, fruit yield and profitability of four velvet apple germplasm. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. Results manifested that there were significant variations among the germplasm, where local red germplasm exhibited the highest plant height (5.54 m), plant diameter (16.23 cm), number of main branches (12.75), length of the largest branch (3.89 m), plant canopy (8.80 m2), leaf area (135.24 cm2) but those traits were minimum in PSTU Bilati gab-2. PSTU Bilati gab-2 emerged floral bud for the longest duration (32.25 days). The measured length of inflorescence before first flowering varied from 5.03 – 6.60 cm where it required 24 – 28.25 days for development. A range of flowers per inflorescence (7.75 – 11) and duration of flowering (46.5 – 59.25 days) were observed in all the studied germplasm. The percentage of fruit set (18.28 – 30.81) per plant with individual fruit weight 126.70 to 202.43 g. The highest pulp weight (103.85 g) was obtained from PSTU Bilati gab-2 and the lowest (69.25 g) from local yellow germplasm. PSTU Bilati gab-2 was completely seedless. So, it contained the highest edible portion (81.92%). The highest fruit yield (3.5 t/ha) was recorded in PSTU Bilati gab-1 but maximum net profit (251160 Tk/ha) was obtained from PSTU Bilati gab-2 with the highest benefit cost ratio (BCR) of 3.81. Considering percent fruit set, percent edible portion, fruit yield and profitability, PSTU Bilati gab-2 was found to be the best among the four germplasm. Bangladesh J. Agri. 2023, 48(2): 1-12

Coconut Mesocarp Extracts to Control Fusarium musae, the Causal Agent of Banana Fruit and Crown Rot

Crown rot, caused by Fusarium species, is the most devastating postharvest disease in bananas. Fungicides are traditionally applied as a postharvest treatment to control crown rot in bananas. However, there is a need to research environmentally friendly compounds as postharvest treatments instead of chemical fungicides. The phenolic compounds gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, and chlorogenic acid were identified in coconut mesocarp extract. Overall, the treatments were more efficient in crown-based than fruit-based culture mediums. The mycelial development was inhibited in a range from 20 to 26% (applying coconut mesocarp extract at 5%) compared to the control. Sporulation and spore germination were significantly inhibited, with a reduction of 88% in spore production and 91% in spore germination inhibition compared to the control. In in vivo tests, the aqueous extracts were effective by limiting the percentage of infected fruit, crown rot, and fruit severity. The use of coconut mesocarp extracts can be an effective and environmentally friendly alternative to the use of fungicides for controlling Fusarium musae on bananas.

Influence of maturation and roasting on the quality and chemical composition of new conilon coffee cultivar by chemometrics

Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages worldwide. Espírito Santo is the largest Brazilian producer of conilon coffee, and invested in the creation of new cultivars, such as “Conquista ES8152”, launched in 2019. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of maturation and roasting on the chemical and sensorial composition of the new conilon coffee cultivar “Conquista ES8152”. The coffee was harvested containing 3 different percentages of ripe fruits: 60%, 80%, and 100%, and roasted at 3 different degrees of roasting: light, medium, and dark, to evaluate the moisture and ash content, yield of soluble extract, volatile compound profile, chlorogenic acid and caffeine content, and sensory profile. “Conquista ES8152” coffee has a moisture content between 1.38 and 2.62%; ash between 4.34 and 4.72%; and yield between 30.7 and 35.8%. Sensory scores ranged between 75 and 80 and the majority of volatile compounds belong to the pyrazine, phenol, furan, and pyrrole groups. The content of total chlorogenic acids was drastically reduced by roasting, with values between 2.40 and 9.33%, with 3-caffeoylquinic acid being the majority. Caffeine was not influenced by either maturation or roasting, with values between 2.16 and 2.41%. The volatile compounds furfural, 5-methylfurfural, and 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine were positively correlated with the evaluated sensory attributes and 5-methylfurfural was the only one significantly correlated with all attributes. Ethylpyrazine, furfuryl acetate, 1-furfurylpyrrole, 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol, and difurfuryl ether were negatively correlated. The stripping did not affect the quality and composition of this new cultivar, however, the roasting caused changes in both the chemical and sensorial profiles, appropriately indicated by the principal component analysis.

Effect of Pollination by the Osmia Bicornis (syn. O. rufa) Bee on Fruit Set, Seed Set and Yield in Three Apple Cultivars

Abstract Our study tested the pollination effectiveness of the megachilid bee Osmia bicornis L. (syn. Osmia rufa) on three apple cultivars (cv.): Lobo, Piros and Champion. The following pollination treatments were compared for each cultivar: insect pollination - caged trees with Osmia bicornis (syn. Osmia rufa) bees; open pollination - uncaged trees; self-pollination - caged trees without bees. Pollination success was measured based on the percentage of fruit set, the fruit yield per tree (measured as number of fruits and total fruit weight) and the number of seeds per fruit. Generally, there was a higher percentage of initial fruit-set and fruits at harvest on open-pollinated trees than on caged trees without bees, with an intermediate value recorded for caged trees pollinated by O. bicornis (syn. O. rufa). However, the fruit set on trees pollinated by O. bicornis (syn. O. rufa) was high and ranged from 49 to 69%, depending on the cultivar. The cv. Lobo trees pollinated by O. bicornis (syn. O. rufa) and open-pollinated trees produced higher fruit yields than without bees. Furthermore, the number of seeds per fruit was higher. Fruit yield and the number of seeds per fruit were higher for trees pollinated by O. bicornis (syn. O. rufa) than for caged trees without insects but lower than for open pollination trees of cv. Piros and cv. Lobo.

Pre-harvest application of GABA and CaO delays senescence and maintains of physicochemical characteristics of fresh ‘‘Ahmad Aghaei’’ pistachio during cold storage

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of preharvest application of calcium oxide 1% (CaO), gamma-aminobutyric acid 20 mM (GABA), and the combined treatment of CaO and GABA on shelf life and quality of fresh pistachio in cold storage (at 4 ± 1 °C with 85 ± 5% RH) for 75 d. Post-harvest quality and biochemical characteristics of fruits were measured during 0, 25, 50, and 75 d of storage. The investigation results showed that with the increase in storage time, the hull and kernel firmness (63% and 75%, respectively) and kernel lipid (55%) decreased in treated fruits. Still, the phenolic compounds (45%) and antioxidant activity (10%) of the kernel, hull malondialdehyde (66%), and kernel and hull anthocyanin (71%) increased. Fruits treated with CaO 1% (contained the most kernel lipids and flavonoids and the lowest hull), kernel anthocyanin, and kernel carotenoids. As a result, CaO + GABA pre-harvest treatment was recognized as the best treatment by maintaining antioxidant properties, better overall acceptance, and a higher percentage of healthy fruits during storage. However, applying the treatment before harvesting in the orchard takes a lot of time, but water does not accumulate in the pistachio hull, and the treatment is better absorbed.

Seasonal Occurrence of Melon Fruit Flies (Zeugodacus cucurbitae Coq.) and Its Natural Enemies on Bitter Gourd

Aim: To study the seasonal occurrence of cucurbit melon fly and correlation study with weather parameters to know the impact of abiotic environmental factors on the activity of melon fruit fly concerning infesting the fruits of bitter gourd in crop ecosystem.
 Place and Duration of Study: College of Agriculture, VNMKV Parbhani, Maharashtra. Studies during two seasons Rainy and Summer 2021 and 2022 respectively.
 Methodology: The experimental plot was kept unsprayed throughout the crop season. The observation was recorded as soon as the incidence was noticed from five randomly selected plants at weekly intervals. The observations of fruit flies were recorded from the day of fruit formation to the last picking of the fruit. The damaged and healthy fruits were recorded at eachpicking to knowing the percentage fruit infestation by fruit flies.
 Results: Fruit fly was the major pest of bitter gourd in fruit damage. The fruit damage record range was 15.65 to 59.33 per cent in the rainy season whereas, 28.99 to 61.14 per cent in the summer season. The per cent fruit infestation shows a significant and positive correlation with no. of maggots per fruit (r = 0.857 and 0.905) during both seasons respectively. Weather parameters like morning relative humidity (MRH) and rainfall the during rainy season show significant and positive correlation (r = 0.87 and r = 0.71 respectively) whereas, during the summer season significant and positive correlation (r = 0.77) with MRH and significant and negatively correlated with (r = - 0.66) minimum temperature. The record of larval pupal parasitoid Psyttalia fletcheri (Silvestri) and it was discovered that 16% of the population was parasitized during the experimental period
 Conclusion: The infestation may vary from season to season, region to region and concerning variety also. Here the infestation range was higher during the summer season, which may be because of the coincidence with the fruit season of mango in that area.

Protection against insect predation during fruit development: the role of fleshy fruit wings of three species of Zygophyllum in the cold desert of Central Asia.

Fruit wings serve various ecological functions, including facilitating wind dispersal, providing physical protection to seeds, and regulating seed germination. While many studies have reported the role of fruit wings in plants, little is known about their protective function during fruit development. In this study, winged fruits damaged by insects in natural populations of three Zygophyllum species (Z. potaninii, Z. lehmannianum and Z. macropterum) were investigated. We measured and compared the percentage of damaged winged fruits, seed set, seed mass, seed germination, and seedling growth of different insect herbivory categories. The results revealed that the percentage of winged fruits with damaged wings only (low predation) was significantly higher than that of with damaged both fruit wings and fruit bodies (high predation). Furthermore, winged fruits with low predation had significant higher seed set, seed mass, seed germination, and dry mass and relative growth rate (RGR) in the seedlings which grown from the seeds, than that from winged fruits with high predation. These results demonstrate that the presence of the fruit wings may provide protection for the seeds to alleviate harm from insect predation before dispersal. These findings provide new insights into the function of fruit wings and the reproductive strategies of desert plants.

Percentage of Flower and Fruit Fall, and Red Chili Production in Ultisol Applied Biostimulants and Inorganic Fertilizers

Ultisol has main problem of low nutrient availability causing a high percentage of flowers and fruit fall and reducing red chili production. This study aimed to find out effectiveness of biostimulants in reducing percentage of flower and fruit fall, use of inorganic fertilizer doses, and their role in increasing production red pepper in Ultisol. The method used experimental and randomized block design with 9 treatments. The treatment used application of flush biostimulants and without watering into soil with various doses inorganic fertilizers. The fertilizer doses were 100%, 75%, and 50% based on fertilization recommendations. The study results showed that application of biostimulants combined with inorganic fertilizers of various doses had a significant effect on fruit weight/plant and red pepper production, but had an insignificant effect on the percentage of flowers and fruits, as well as number of fruits/plant. Application of biostimulants and various doses of inorganic fertilizers tended to increase fall of flowers, number of fruits/plant, and the percentage of fruit fall. Biostimulants combined with inorganic fertilizers were able to reduce fertilizer use as much as 50%. Production of red pepper with application of biostimulants and 50% of inorganic fertilizers reached 5.36 tons/ha. The results of the economic feasibility analysis of red chili peppers were 1.69 R/C and 0.69 B/C ratio, meaning that the cultivation of red chili with application of biostimulants was profitable and worthy of development. So, application of biostimulants is able to reduce fertilizers by 50% and increase production of red peppers.

Quality preservation and decay reduction of minimally processed seedless barberry fruit via postharvest ultrasonic treatment.

Seedless barberry fruit is one of the important horticultural products of Iran, which has health benefits due to great amounts of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. However, fresh barberry fruit has a short shelf life even at cold storage, mainly due to high water content and thin skin that leads to fungal decay and high postharvest loss. We examined the effectiveness of the postharvest ultrasonic technology on the quality preservation and nutritional value of fresh seedless barberry fruit and their decay reduction during cold storage. Experimental treatments were the time and temperature of ultrasound (US) and included: (1) control, fruit without US, (2) 5 min US at 20°C, (3) 5 min US at 30°C, (4) 5 min US at 40°C, (5) 10 min US at 20°C, (6) 10 min US at 30°C, (7) 10 min US at 40°C, (8) 15 min US at 20°C, (9) 15 min US at 30°C, and (10) 15 min US at 40°C. After applying the treatments, the fruits were sealed in polyethylene bags and stored at 4 ± 1°C for 20 days. The results showed that all US treatments had higher titratable acidity, antioxidant activity, phenol content, and vitamin C content than the control. However, the highest titratable acidity and antioxidant activity values were obtained in US treatments at 40°C and 30°C for 15 min. Also, US treatment significantly reduced the total soluble solids, decay percentage, and microbial load of fresh barberry fruit. As the US treatment temperature increased from 20°C to 40°C, the decay and microbial load of fruit significantly decreased. In conclusion, this study proved the potential application of the US for preserving the quality of fresh seedless barberry fruit, and the most optimal US temperature and its application time was 40°C for 15 min.

Effect of shading nets on environmental conditions and fruit abscission in quince (Cydonia oblonga L.)

The quince tree has been cultivated since ancient times in the province of Isfahan in Iran. Flower and fruit drop is one of the most important problems in the cultivation of quince in Iran. In this study, the role of shading nets as a protective factor in quince orchard was investigated to adjust climatic factors and reduce flower and fruit drop. A 20-year-old quince orchard was equipped with shading net system, and another part was compared as a control plot without shading net system in 2021 and 2022. The color of shading net and the percentage of shading were 30% green, 50% green and 50% white. According to the results, flowers opened five days later under the shading nets than outdoors. Percent fruit set, leaf length and width, number of fruits, and yield were significantly higher under the shade net than outdoors. Green 30% had the highest chlorophyll fluorescence index. The fruit set percentage and yield inside the shading nets were more than twice that outside. Total soluble solids and the abscission percentage in the control plot were more than the plot under nets. According to meteorological data, the temperature inside the shade netting was only 0.33–0.67 °Celsius lower than outside, but the radiation intensity outside the nets (30,362.44 lx) was more than two and a half times the amount of radiation under the shading nets (11,876.02 Lux). According to the obtained results, it is recommended to use the shade nets in quince orchards, where happened abscission of flowers and fruits leads to a decrease in yield. The green shade net color of 30 and 50% is recommended for orchards due to the higher chlorophyll fluorescence index, fruit set percentage, number of fruits, and yield.

Long-term field evaluation of Pera sweet orange selections under the Brazilian humid subtropical climate

Currently, a low number of citrus varieties are commercially planted to supply the Brazilian citrus industry demand. The diversification of citrus scion and rootstock varieties is an important strategy to prevent disease outbreaks and to obtain higher off-season profits, as well as to extend fruit supply for the citrus processing industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate 16 Pera sweet orange selections (Citrus ×sinensis Osbeck) under a humid subtropical climate in the northwest region of the state of Paraná, Brazil regarding tree development, production, and disease incidence. The experimental orchard was planted in December 2012 in a randomized block design with three replications and five trees per plot. All scions were grafted on Rangpur lime rootstock (C. ×limonia Osbeck). The evaluations were performed from 2016 through 2022, and included vegetative growth, yield, fruit quality, estimated tree density and productivity for new plantings, and incidence of diseases as citrus canker, huanglongbing (HLB), and citrus tristeza virus (CTV). All data was submitted to ANOVA and means grouped by the Scott Knott’s test (p ≤ 0.05). Pera Perão was the most vigorous variety, with the heaviest and largest fruit, and was among the selections with the highest content of soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA) and juice. However, this variety showed a light-yellow juice color, and one of the lowest SS·TA−1 ratio. This selection had the lowest percentage of fruits with citrus canker but was among the selections with the highest HLB incidence. The selections Ovale, Clone 9, and Clone 42 also showed higher vegetative growth and fruit length, but lower SS content, juice yield and technological indices. All other Pera selections had lower tree height and canopy volume than Ovale, Clone 9, and Clone 42, and adequate overall fruit quality. Conversely, Pera Comprida, Dibbern, Morretes, and Seleç ão 12 scored lower cumulative fruit yield. Pera Pirangi and Comprida had the highest citrus canker incidence on fruits, while Morretes, Ovo, Pirangi, Seleç ão 12, and Seleç ão 27 had the highest HLB incidence alongside Perão. Low severity level of stem pitting was observed within the evaluated selections. The scores ranged from one (absence of stem pitting) to two (sparse surface stem pitting). IAC, Olímpia, Mel, Bianchi, and IPR 159 revealed to be the most suitable for new plantings under humid subtropical edaphoclimatic conditions, as trees had small vegetative growth, high yield performance and fruit quality, in addition to showing lower incidences of citrus canker, HLB and CTV.

Effect of Growth Regulators on Growth and Quality of Strawberry cv. Sweet Sensation Grown in Pot Culture

A pot culture experiment was conducted at Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan, West Bengal, India during the rabi season (October, 2018–March, 2019) to study the effect of growth regulators such as 28-Homobrassinolide and Triacontanol on growth and yield of strawberry cv. Sweet Sensation. The treatments consisted of seven levels of growth regulators including control viz. control, 0.5 ppm, 1 ppm and 2 ppm of 28-Homobrassinolide and 2ppm, 5 ppm and 10 ppm of Triacontanol. The effect of growth regulators was studied on different morpho-physiological parameters and biochemical and quality parameters such as chlorophyll content of leaves, ascorbic acid, titratable acidity and TSS of fruit. The results revealed that the foliar application of 0.5 ppm of 28-Homobrassinolide produced the maximum plant height, number of leaves plant-1, petiole length, canopy spread, leaf area plant-1, crown diameter, shoot dry weight and root dry weight, RWC, number of flowers plant-1, number of fruits plant-1, percent fruit set, fruit length and fruit diameter, chlorophyll content of leaves, whereas the treatment of 1 ppm of 28-Homobrassinolide recorded maximum plant height, petiole length. However, the minimum value of the morphological, biochemical, yield and quality parameters were recorded in control (foliar spray of water). Hence form present study it may be confirmed that foliar application of 28-Homobrassinolide @ 0.5 ppm and 1 ppm significantly improved the growth, yield, and quality attributes of strawberry.

Evaluation of the Effect of Biostimulation on the Yielding of Golden Delicious Apple Trees

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of N Pro and Seactiv Complex technologies based on sea algae extracts on the yield and quality of Golden Delicious apple trees compared to the standard fertilization program. Research conducted in the years 2008–2017 showed that the tree fertilization technology and the year of research had a significant impact on the quality and yield parameters. The abundance of seaweed extracts had a positive effect on the greater number of fruits per tree (pcs.), their weight (t × ha−1; kg tree−1), the percentage of fruits exceeding 7.5 cm in size (%) and the average weight of fruits (g) compared to the control combination. In most of the analyzed study years, total yield exceeded the 90 t × threshold regardless of the fertilization program. The use of technology based on sea algae extracts during 10 years of research had a positive effect on the quality and weight compared to the standard fertilization technology commonly used in cultivation.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ АВТОХТОННЫХ ДОНСКИХ СОРТОВ ВИНОГРАДА НА КОЛЛЕКЦИИ В 2022 ГОДУ

The results of observations and studies of autochthonous Don varieties in 2022 at the Don ampelographic collection named after Ya.I. Potapenko (Novocherkassk, Rostov region). Varieties were studied in grafted, covered culture. The object of research were 20 grapevine varieties of different directions of use and maturation. Most of the studied varieties (80 %) had more than 60 % bud break. The percentage of fruit bearing shoots varied over a wide range, from 26.8 % (Krestovsky) to 93.1 % (Durman). The highest average bunch weight had varieties − Krestovsky (456 g) and Kumshatsky Belyj (429 g). The yield varied from 1.9 kg/bush (Krestovsky) to 11.4−11.6 kg/bush (Silnyak and Shilohvosty). Most of the studied varieties (11 out of 20) had a high or very high calculated yield (from 130 c/ha and more). Very high sugar content in berry juice had 3 varieties (Krasnostop Zolotovsky, Shampanchik Tsimlyansky and Varyushkin), 5 varieties had high sugar content, 9 − medium, 2 − low and 1 had very low. One variety − Shampanchik-2 had a very high titratable acidity (15.8 g/dm3). High titratable acidity was noted in 4 varieties, the majority of varieties (55 %) had an average titratable acidity (from 7 to 9 g/dm3). According to the results of the studies, it can be tentatively identified that technical and universal varieties with white berries: Bessergenevsky-10, Kosorotovsky, Durman, Kumshatsky Belyj, Sibirkovyj, and variety with colored berries – Varyushkin are promising in terms of yield and quality of grapes for winemaking. These varieties are of early-middle and medium-late ripening, which is very important for the zone of the northern industrial viticulture of the Russian Federation. Research in this direction will be continued.

Effect of different mode of pollination on quantitative and qualitative parameters of muskmelon

Pollinators are the prime facie to maintain the diversity in universe. Hence, research on “Studies on pollinators of muskmelon (Cucumis melo Linnaeus)” was carried out at Chimanbhai Patel College of Agriculture, SD Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar during summer 2021. The mode of pollination had a highly significant effect on the quantitative and qualitative parameters of muskmelon. The mean percent fruit set, weight of fruit (kg), the volume of fruit (liter), length of fruit (cm), girth of fruit (cm), number of seeds per fruit and total soluble solid (%) in open and close pollination were 15.76 % and 10.52 %, 0.74 kg and 0.39 kg, 0.71 liters and 0.38 liter, 11.43 cm and 9.10 cm, 37.06 cm and 28.42 cm, 557.53 seeds and 401.30 seeds and 10.02 % and 8.66 %, respectively. These results indicated that pollinators are highly influenced the production of muskmelon.

Kajian Komposisi Pupuk NPK terhadap Pola Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Fase Generatif Labu Madu Hibrida

This research is a qualitative descriptive research carried out at the Experimental Garden in Pancakarya Village, Ajung District, Jember Regency with a height ranging from 50 meters above sea level. To describe and find out the facts or events that will be examined or research conducted to make it easier for researchers to obtain objective data. This research used 27 honey gourd plants cultivated by Siti Masruroh's sister. Observations were made from June to August 2022. Observations were made using variables that were analyzed descriptively, namely: the number of branching, the appearance of male and female flowers, the presence of flowers and fruits in the plant structure, the percentage of flowers turning into fruit, the percentage of fruit until harvest. Observations were made when the honey gourd plants entered the generative phase, around 18 days after planting until harvest. Supporting observations were carried out on types of pests and diseases, as well as pearl NPK fertilizer analysis. The results of the study stated that the composition of NPK 1:2:3 (K3) had a good effect on the number of branches, the appearance of male and female flowers, the presence of fruit in plant structure, and the percentage of flowers turning into fruit. And the pattern of generative growth of honey gourd with various compositions of NPK fertilizer produces optimal results and is in line with the success of vegetative propagation of honey gourd seedlings.

Nutrient Balance in Hass Avocado Trees as a Tool to Optimize Crop Fertilization Management

This study was conducted to evaluate fertilization management based on fruit nutrient removal, soil nutrient-supplying capacity and tree nutritional status with standard nutrient values as a reference and the effects on fruit size and yield in Hass avocado trees. The soil chemical characteristics, foliar nutrient content interpreted with the Kenworthy balance index (KBI) method and fruit nutrient removal for a planned yield of 20 ton/ha were used to determine the fertilization management plan for the crop. The experimental area had soils with Andic characteristics and sandy loam texture, low cation exchange capacity and acidic pH. The farmer’s standard fertilization plan was based on excessive fertilizer doses for N, P, K and Ca, and an imbalance of P, Ca and micronutrients was observed with the diagnosis of plant nutrient status. The fertilizer plan based on the KBI method had an effect on yield variables in the second crop year, with an increase in production of 20 kg/tree as well as an increase in the percentage of fruits with a size higher than 22 (165–196 g/fruit) according to the Codex Alimentarius standards. These findings indicate that the reincorporation of minerals extracted by the harvest into the soil and the plant nutrient status are useful tools to guide crop fertilization management when fine-tuned to local soil chemical conditions and crop requirements to minimize nutrient losses.