Percentage Of Fine Aggregates Research Articles

UTILIZING WASTE FOUNDRY SAND FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AFFORDABLE CONCRETE REPRESENTS AN EVOLUTIONARY STEP IN CONSTRUCTION

The construction sector is currently experiencing massive expansion and is implementing new methods for efficient and comfortable field labor. As a building material, concrete is important to this sector of the economy. Utilizing natural resources to make concrete comes at a considerable—almost prohibitively high—cost. These problems compel us to either replenish natural resources or find alternative solutions. As a byproduct of the metal casting industry, waste foundry sand currently causes a number of environmental problems. Utilizing this garbage as construction material could lessen the strain on the environment. In the metal industry, foundry sand is a premium, uniformly sized silica sand that is used to create molds for casting both ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Metal casting requires sand that is finer than regular sand. Once it is no longer functional, it is taken out of the foundry and disposed of as "waste Foundry Sand." Concrete made with leftover foundry sand substituted partially for fine aggregate is strong, lightweight, and reasonably priced. Cement, water, additives, fine and coarse aggregate, and cement make up concrete. Each of these components strengthens the concrete in some way. Consequently, a partial or percentage replacement of material will have an impact on the various properties of concrete. It is possible to turn environmentally hazardous waste materials into inexpensive, green building materials. In this work, an experimental investigation is conducted to produce inexpensive and ecologically friendly concrete by varying the percentage of fine aggregate with foundry sand.

IMPACT OF DEICING SALT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ASPHALT MIXTURES IN NORTHWEST CHINA: AN INVESTIGATION INTO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND INFLUENTIAL FACTORS

Currently, the primary form of high-grade highways is constituted by asphalt concrete pavement. Winter conditions often result in ice and snow accumulation on these pavements, precipitating severe traffic incidents. Statistically, around 15%-30% of such incidents are directly linked to icy and snowy conditions. Hence, when roads are laden with ice and snow, the most cost-effective and efficient countermeasure remains the dispersal of deicing salt onto the road surface. Particularly in China's northwestern region, which experiences low precipitation and consistent droughts, the deicing salts applied during winter aren't diluted or transported away by water flow. Consequently, the soil surrounding the roads retains a higher concentration of deicing salts than other regions, leading to a pronounced impact on the pavement's service life. This investigation aims to experimentally emulate the impact of this high-salt environment on the mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures, followed by an analysis of the crucial factors that influence the asphalt mixtures' durability. The current study employs measures such as high-temperature rut testing, Marshall water immersion testing, and freeze-thaw splitting testing to investigate the damage patterns of mechanical properties in asphalt mixtures under varying grading, diverse deicing salt solutions, and differing frequencies of dry-wet cycles. In addition, the study employs grey correlation entropy analysis to ascertain the interdependence among factors influencing the performance of asphalt mixtures. The findings reveal that after undergoing 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 dry-wet cycles in solutions of 20% industrial salt (NaCl), 15% urea (CH4N2O), and 20% anhydrous ethanol (CH2CH3OH), both the high-temperature stability and water stability of asphalt mixtures with AC-13 and AC-16 gradings displayed varying levels of decline. Overall, an enhancement in the fine aggregate percentage in asphalt mixtures can augment the asphalt concrete's resistance to deicing salt erosion. As per the grey correlation entropy analysis, gradation variances exerted the most significant impact on diverse mechanical properties, followed by the type of deicing salt solution, with the least significant impact attributed to the frequency of dry-wet cycles. Thus, judicious selection of road materials and structural design can effectively counter the erosive action of deicing salts, thereby enhancing the service life of the road surface.

Using recycled bricks to improve the compressive strength of concrete and produce lightweight concrete

This research presents the aim of using sustainable materials like crushed bricks from the demolition of old buildings as additives to preserve the environment, reduce energy consumption, reduce the cost of concrete, improve the properties of concrete, and obtain lightweight concrete for high buildings with more fluidity for narrow places. Also, it discusses the best replacement ratios because the knowledge about them is still lake. Three mixes of concrete were used and tested. Mix-1was the standard, where the replacement of coarse aggregate with crushed brick aggregate has been used in mix-2, the mix-3 was to study the replacement of fine aggregate by powder brick. In this analysis, only two factors were taken into account: the percentage of coarse aggregate replaced by brick aggregate (from 0 to 50%) and the percentage of fine aggregate replaced by brick aggregate (from 0 to 75%). Compressive strength was tested after curing at ages (7, and 28) days. The results showed that concrete with crushed brick aggregate reduces unit weight and increases of compressive strength of concrete. Using mix-2 increased the compressive strength by about 9.7%, and 7% at ages (7, 28) days respectively, and reduced the weight by 11%. Also, using mix-3 increased the compressive strength with high percentages of about 59%, and 61% at ages (7, and 28) days respectively, with a little percentage of reducing the weight by 2%.

Feasibility study on impact of replacement of river sand with crushed aggregate in concrete mix

The importance of utilizing stone waste, known as stone dust, in construction and infrastructure projects as a replacement for natural sand cannot be overstated. This practice holds paramount significance as it not only serves to substitute natural sand but also plays a pivotal role in reducing construction expenses. Because of the severe shortage in many locations, as well as expense and environmental concerns, an alternative is being considered. In this endeavor, the viability of incorporating stone dust as a potential substitute for fine aggregate is under meticulous investigation. In this study, M20, M30, and M40 concrete mixes were employed. The results of the tests show that stone dust may be utilized in concrete as a partial replacement for fine aggregate. The finding has been made that using stone dust increases the flexural and compressive strength of concrete. The percentage of fine aggregate replaced by stone dust (0, 20, 50, 80, and 100 percent) is explored. This paper also studied various proportions of cement concrete and stone dust (M20, M30, M40). The experimental findings revealed that adding stone dust as a fine aggregate ratio of 20%, 50%, 80%, and 100% improved the compressive properties.

Characteristic of Asphalt Mixture using Fly Ash and Bottom Ash Substitution in Reducing Environment Pollution

One of the waste materials produced by industry activities is fly ash and bottom ash (FABA), it is produced by brick combustion waste. Fly ash and bottom ash waste is hazardous and toxic (B3) waste for it contains heavy metal oxides polluting the environment. Related to the condition, the output study of toxicity potential test carried out to coal ash in Nagan Raya PLTU (Electric Steam Power Plant) proving conversely. The coal ash of Nagan Raya PLTU is relatively safe to be used as construction material. The output explained that coal ash of Nagan Raya PLTU have adequate good potency to be utilized. One of coal ash potencies developed is the utilization asphalt mixture material including bottom ash as fine aggregate substitution and fly ash as filler substitution. The research aimed to find out the mixture characteristic by utilizing FABA for the road pavement of asphalt concrete layer (AC-WC) to reduce environment pollution and detect the appropriate proportion for the optimal utilization. The percentage of fine aggregate in the mixture must meet the requirement of binder as 5-15% to the weight, while the filler must meet the minimum of 75% to weight of filter pass No. 200 (0.075 mm). The test output of both mixtures by using bottom ash and fly ashin 15%-30% variation was different. The output is similar. Both of the output concluded that the optimum asphalt level was 5% and the variation of 30% bottom ash : 70% fine aggregate meet the requirement specification, while variation fly ash as subtitution Portland cement resulting that all the parameters meet the specification required by Bina Marga specification 2018.

Performance of rubber asphalt in split mastic asphalt mixture

Latex is obtained by cutting the stems of sap-producing plants. Latex can stabilise asphalt mixtures [1]. Rubber asphalt is polymer-modified asphalt to which additives are added as natural rubber in the form of a liquid, namely latex. The type of pavement used in this research is Split Mastic Asphalt (SMA). SMA is a surface layer with a high percentage of fine aggregate than Asphalt-Concrete and Hot-Rolled- Sheets pavement [2]. Tests were carried out using 7% latex of the total asphalt weight. The research was conducted to determine the value of the Marshall characteristics and compare between 7% Rubberized (Rb) Asphalt and Non-Rubberized (NRb) Asphalt. The stability value increased by 43.7% for Rb asphalt in the SMA pavement mixture compared to the NRb Asphalt. The stability increases from 1943.23 kg for NRb asphalt to 2791.712 kg for SMA with 7% rubber (Rb Asphalt). The flow value for Rb Asphalt SMA follows the standard, namely 3.77 mm, with an MQ value of 760.24 kg/mm. With an increase in Marshall parameter values, the rubber Asphalt was appropriate to be added to the SMA pavement. Road surfaces made with rubber SMA may require less frequent maintenance and resurfacing, which can reduce the environmental impact associated with road construction and maintenance activities.

Mechanical Properties of Self-compacting Concrete Containing Fine Aggregates from Cement Kiln Dust and Hardened Cement Waste

Abstract The aim of this research is to assess the mechanical performance of self-compacting concrete containing different percentages of fine aggregates, produced from the wastes generated by the cement plant industry and construction sites. Eight mixes, incorporating cement kiln dust (CKD) and hardened cement waste with partial fine aggregate replacement of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, were produced and compared with a control mix made with 100% of crushed sand. The workability properties (e.g., flowability, passing ability, and resistance to segregation) and mechanical properties (e.g., compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths) of all mixes were evaluated. The results showed that concretes containing recycled fine aggregates proved to have the best mechanical properties, compared to one made with crushed calcareous sand. However, self-compacting concrete with high mechanical strength could be produced with up to 15% wt. CKD replacement and with 10% wt. hardened cement waste replacement.

Use of Shells Waste Filler in Pavement Layer Using Lapen (Macadam Penetration Layer)

Damage to asphalt construction has made several attempts to increase the strength of asphalt construction, one of which is by utilizing shell waste as an asphalt mixture (filler) which is expected to increase the strength and durability of the pavement. The addition of filler shell waste with varying levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% is taken from the percentage of fine aggregate. Based on the results of the research conducted, the results of the Marshall Test for asphalt mixtures with the best variations of shell waste filler material and meeting the requirements of the General Specifications of Highways were found at a filler content of 0% with an immersion time of 30 minutes, with a VMA (Void in Mineral Aggregate) value. ) 66.07%, VFA (Void Filled with Aggregate) value 66.35%, VIM (Void in Mix) value 21.49%, stability value 1097.15 kg, Flow value 3.04 mm and MQ (Marshall Quotient) value 360.62 kg/mm.

Strength Performance of Oil Palm Shell Lightweight Aggregate Concrete

The concrete consumption that is high in the construction industry had resulted in uncontrolled aggregates exploitation. The extraction of these natural resources has raised great environment concerns that the use of waste materials as replacement of aggregates is proposed. Oil palm shell lightweight aggregate concrete (OPS LWAC) is produced by full replacement of oil palm shell (OPS) to coarse aggregate. OPS is the lightweight aggregates that potentially produce lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC). Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is also the byproduct of the palm oil industry that can be utilized to partially replace the fine aggregates. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of POFA as partial fine aggregates replacement on density, compressive and tensile strength of OPS LWAC and to determine the optimum replacement percentage of fine aggregates with POFA. The control mixes were prepared with 100% OPC in the concrete while modified mixes contained various percentages of POFA, which were 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% as the replacement of fine aggregate. The specimens of cubes sizes 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm and cylindrical specimens with diameter of 100 mm and height of 200 mm were prepared and tested. The concrete mixtures were mixed according to the Department of Environment (DoE) method followed by the trial mixed. Mixes with 10% replacement of POFA to fine aggregate obtained the highest compressive strength and tensile splitting tensile strength which were 26.3 MPa and 2.37 MPa respectively. The property of POFA plays a role in the concrete strength determination. The higher replacement percentages resulted in lower density of OPS LWAC.

Predicted impact of design parameters in asphalt concrete layers on pavement performance

The scope of this study was to assess the predicted impact of design factors (voids percentage (Va), effective binder content (Vbe) and aggregate gradation) in each asphalt concrete (AC) layer on pavement performance for conditions in Izmir, Turkey. Research was conducted on three flexible pavement structures for three traffic levels and three subgrade types using AashtoWare Pavement ME Design software. The results indicated that increasing Vbe (from 8% to 15%) and Va (from 3% to 5%) in the wearing course resulted in, respectively, almost 1.0 mm and 0.2 mm increases in AC rutting depth, 17 m/km and 145 m/km reductions in thermal cracking length and a 55.8 m/km decrease and 85 m/km increase in top-down cracking length. For the binder course, an increase in Vbe (from 7% to 14%) and Va (from 4% to 6%) led to, respectively, nearly 1.0 mm and 0.3 mm increases in AC rutting depth and a 35 m/km increase in top-down cracking length. For the AC base course, an increase in Vbe (from 6% to 12%) and Va (from 5% to 6%) resulted in a 26.3% reduction and 14.2% increase in alligator cracking area, respectively. An increase in the fine aggregate percentage and a decrease in the coarse aggregate gradation in the hot-mix asphalt mixture led to improved performance.

Post-fire behavior of unconfined and steel tube confined rubberized concrete under axial compression

Employing steel as a confining material for concrete has gradually been gaining popularity over the last decades. The literature demonstrates strength improvement, concrete stiffness, damage reduction, and delayed failure of steel-confined concrete after exposure to fire. Concrete columns confined by steel tubes, referred to as the steel tube-confined concrete (STCC) columns, have enhanced performance in terms of axial loading. Moreover, the presence of tire rubber aggregate in concrete mix has been shown to improve the plasticity and energy absorption, particularly in seismic areas. Even so, this method may decrease concrete strength in case of exposure to fire. In the present work, the compressive behavior of rubberized concretes confined by steel tubes was investigated where the replacement percentages of fine aggregates with rubber were 0, 7.5, and 15%. Thirty specimens were tested mechanically after thermal loading at 200, 400, 600, and 800 °C. The post-fire physico-mechanical properties involving the failure modes, compressive stress–strain relationships, compressive strengths, elastic moduli, stiffness, and peak strain were experimentally investigated, together with visual observations. The experimental results demonstrate that an increase in the exposed temperature up to 400 °C does not have a significant effect on the compressive strength of rubberized STCC, whilst an increased temperature to 800 °C results in a significant decrease in the compression of the specimens. It is also indicated increasing the exposure temperature and crumb rubber replacement ratio leads to lead to an increase in the strain at peak stress of steel tube confined rubberized concrete.

Recycling of plastic box waste in the concrete mixture as a percentage of fine aggregate

This study was conducted to assess the effect of plastic box waste particles (PBWPs) on the mechanical characteristics of a concrete mixture if plastic box particles (PBPs) are used as a partial substitute for sand in the mixture. Another purpose was to verify the effect of the waste on the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams (RCBs). In this research, four normal concrete mixtures with a water/cement ratio of 0.41 were examined. Three concrete mixtures contained recycled plastic box waste particles by varying the percentage of usage (2.5%, 5%, and 10%) and one mixture without PBPs as reference mixture (RNC) for comparison. To investigate the accuracy impact of the waste on strength and serviceability, three RCBs were tested with dimensions of 150 × 200 × 1400 mm, containing different proportions of the waste within the concrete mixture. Several tests were performed to detect the difference between the mechanical properties of a mixture containing plastic waste and the reference mixture. Cracking investigation, load- deflection behavior, ductility indices, initial stiffness, and secant stiffness were the RCB test variables. The concrete mixture with PBWPs considerably enhanced concrete properties. Results indicated that depending on the quantity of plastic particles replaced by fine aggregate, plastic may have an effect on strength. However, the test results demonstrated that the partial replacement of 5%PBWPs by weight in the mixture increased the compressive strength approximately 30.2%. Incorporating PBWPs into the concrete mixture did not significantly change the failure mode of RCBs compared with that of NC beams. However, the first crack load showed improved results in the hybrid beam (beam with two mixtures of different percentages of PBWPs). The reinforced concrete mixture, which contained 5% plastic particles, exhibited a slight increase during the ultimate failure load with an increment of 1.82%. Moreover, the results of the concrete beam test showed a prominent improvement in ductility, particularly in the hybrid beam; a small increase in the initial stiffness; and a slight decrease in the secant stiffness.

Solving high sulfate content of sand used in concrete by magnetic water process

The purpose of this research is to investigate the ability of magnetic water to solve the problem of high sulfate- (SO 3 %) by washing sand with magnetized water (intensity of 9000 Gauss). Three mixtures of ordinary concrete have been prepared for testing (compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strength). Mix design was according to the ACI 211.1A with specified cylinder compressive strength (30 MPa) = (37.5 MPa) cub's compressive strength at the age of 28 days. Although mixing ratios were constant in all mixtures, the only difference was the percentage of fine aggregate (sand), which was equal to (0.2%) in the first mix and (2.1%) in the second mix. The Iraqi standard specification No.45 (1984) limited the upper limit of sulfate content in the sand not exceeded (0.5%). Solving these problems can be managed by washing process using a magnetic field device to treat sand before mixing been performed. The mechanical test results show a significant enhancement in the treated sand mix's fresh and hardened concrete properties compared with the control mix (containing untreated sand). The percentage decrease in (compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strength), respectively, of the mixes containing high sulfate contents compared to the control mix, was up to [(1.27, 0.66, and 1.21), (5.83, 4.28, and 4.29), and (17.37, 8.37, and 11.58)] % at (7, 28, and 90 days). In contrast, the mixes containing treated sand have approximately strengths [(0.16, 0.13, and 0.80), (0.93, 0.28, and 0.66), and (0.15, 0.27, and 0.30) %] at (7, 28, and 90 days) to the control mix, which means the availability of the new technique of treated sand.

A stress-strain state analysis of the road transport works foundations on seasonally freezing soils

This article discusses the road transport works foundations when they are located in the seasonally freezing soils zone. Some culvert aqueduct utilized structures were considered and analyzed as an example, in the scope of most common structures on the road network and that also has an insignificant weight. Some constructive solutions disadvantages of these pipes were pointed out. It is noted that the operational characteristics of nonfrost-susceptible soil decrease in the watercourse filtering process and settling small particles and reported the dependence of the relative soil frost boil on the fine aggregate percentage. As an example of the frost boil forces influence, a typical culvert aqueduct design is considered. The calculation of axial and tangential heaving forces that affect the crown of tube is performed, assuming that the bedding soil is contaminated. Based on the calculation, rise calculated value dependence graphs of the unstressed base on the soil dampness and the heaving soil thickness, and the heaving pressure on the soil dampness are presented here. Due to the insufficient value of the forces holding back against lifting, possible negative consequences of the frost boil impact forces are presented, this affects not only the culvert aqueduct operational characteristics but also the roadbed smoothness and traffic safety. Thus, the need for additional measures to prevent soil swelling under the pipe head is justified. Recommended measures to prevent excessive deformations during frost boil, as well as modern aspects of the development of such technologies, are considered. Conclusions are made about their applicability and feasibility in relation to small artificial structures of transport infrastructure.

Investigating the properties of bentonite and kaolin modified concrete as a partial substitute to cement

Using pozzolanic materials in concrete manufacturing is intended as an optimal solution to lower the rate of greenhouse gas emission, and diminish energy resources and cement consumption. This study investigates the effect of using Semnan bentonite and kaolin as partial replacement for cement in low-strength concretes. A total of 18 mix designs along with a control specimen are prepared and compared. The main parameter is considered to be the changes in the ratio of bentonite, kaolin, and natural materials (furnace slag and gum vine-resin) to the cement weight. For better evaluation the water to cementitious materials ratio (W/C) and the fine aggregate percentage considered constant. To study properties of hardened concrete, compressive strength and splitting tensile strength tests were performed. According to the results of compressive strength test, using bentonite, kaolin, and other substances (furnace slag and natural resin) at 2/7% ratio by weight of cement, for a 400 kg/m3 cement content, could improve the compressive strength by nearly 6%. However, at a lower cement content, the additives reduced the compressive strength and, consequently, the tensile strength. According to the results in mixtures containing bentonite, kaolin and natural materials (furnace slag and gum vine-resin) if the amount of bentonite, kaolin and natural materials is more than 2/7% by weight of cement, the tensile strength is reduced by 75% compared to CM. Accordingly, without cement, both compressive and tensile strength decreased drastically. It was decided that pozzolanic materials cannot be used alone, and their role must be limited to that of a partial substitute. Specimens with 400 kg/m3 cement offered an acceptable compressive strength for low-rise structures.

Comparison of strength of sandcrete blocks produce with fine aggregate from different sources

Sandcrete blocks comprise of water, natural sand cement. Sandcrete blocks are the building units used in the construction of wall and partitions. Diverse sizes of sandcrete blocks are used to construct free standing walls and building structure with load and non – load bearing units. This research work investigate and compared strength of sandcrete blocks produced with fine aggregate from different source in Owo local government area. The targeted areas within Owo local government are Emure, Ipele and Shagari. Sieve analysis was conducted on the samples and the result revealed that all the samples are good for sandcrete block production. Thirty six sandcrete cubes samples were mould. The mix proportion 1:6 was used. Batching by volume was adopted. Curing was done by full immersion of sandcrete and compressive strength test was carried out on each specimen at 7, 14. 21 and 28 days respectively. The percentage of fine aggregate used in this research was 100% for all samples. The results revealed that sandcrete blocks produced with fine aggregate from Ipele, Shagari and Emure gives compressive strength of 4,15N/MM2, 3.56N/MM2 and 5.48N/MM2 at 28 days respectively. Based on the result of this research work, it is recommended that Emure fine aggregate (sand) is considered as most suitable out of the samples tested for sandcrete blocks production.
 Keywords: Sand, Sandcrete blocks, Compressive strength, Curing, Production practice.

Properties of cement mortar containing NaOH-treated Crumb rubber as fine aggregate replacement

In this study, crumb rubber was used to partially replaced fine aggregate in mortar mixture by 5, 10, 15, and 20 volume percentage (vol%) with untreated and NaOH-treated crumb rubber. Thus, the total number of mixtures was 9. The mortars were tested for its flowability, compressive strength, flexural strength and density. Based on the results, increasing the replacement percentage of fine aggregate by crumb rubber reduced the compressive strength, flexural strength and density of rubberized mortar but increased the flowability. Meanwhile, the treatment of crumb rubber using NaOH solution improved the flowability, compressive strength and flexural strength. The treatment has minor effect on the hardened density of the rubberized mortar.

Characterization of pervious concrete using over burnt brick as coarse aggregate

In the search of alternate construction materials, over burnt brick aggregate has enrolled its appellation as a low cost sustainable alternate material. In the north-eastern part of India, especially in Tripura, the shortage of natural stone aggregate has opened up the field for over burnt brick aggregate to be used as an alternate pavement material. This study mainly focuses on the characterization of pervious concrete mixes produced with over burnt brick as coarse aggregate. Pervious concrete, in the recent era, has been considered as the emergent technology due to its prominence as an environmentally and hydrologically sustainable pavement system. In this paper, a series of test samples are produced using various design variables and then the mechanical strength and the pore properties of porous mixes are evaluated. Aggregate gradation, water-cement ratio and the percentage of fine aggregate are chosen as the design variables and their effect in the compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, porosity, permeability, etc. are estimated. The statistical analysis is also carried out using the experimental test data and prediction equations are developed to estimate the porosity, permeability and the compressive strength of the pervious concrete mixes. The predicted equations fitted well and showed a very good agreement with the calculated results. These equations can be directly used for the selection of the mix proportion and the designing of pervious concrete mixes made with over burnt brick aggregate.

Experimental study on M-sand in self-compacting concrete with and without silica fume

The major aim of this experimental study is to produce Self compacting concrete (SCC) by replacing 100% of river sand with M-sand (manufactured sand). Using M-sand instead of river sand in SCC gives a satisfactory strength, reduces environmental problems and used as an eco-friendly material. Actually, SCC requires high slump to avoid segregation the percentage of fine aggregates increased with that cement content should be increased. So to reduce adverse effects due to cement we partially replaced cement with 0 to 15% of pozzolanic material like Silica fume to reduce the content of cement. Different mix designs of SCC with and without silica-fume were developed to study the effects on mechanical and rheological properties under the guidelines of EFNARC (2002). A comparative study was done on both the SCC and SCC with silica-fume. Silica-fume more effective to produce the high strength performance concrete. Silica-fume enriches the workability of SCC. SCC modulus of elasticity was increased with an increase in the content of Silica fume. An increase in the content of Silica-fume increases viscosity of the SCC which decreases the ratio of L-box test. The mechanical properties of SCC increases by adding Silica-fume compared to normal SCC.

Experimental Study on the Use of Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) and River Sand in Roof Tile Production

This study deals with the effects of using Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) and river sand in roof tile production. This work is based on experimental study of roof tiles produced with river sand and recycled PET in varying proportion of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 100% of PET combined with the corresponding fine aggregate percentage. The PET plastics used were derived from waste plastic bottles for soft drinks. The shredded plastic was subjected to heat and ensured that it does not lose it’s plasticity. The tests which were performed to evaluate the physical and mechanical performance of this material were sieve analysis, specific gravity, water absorption, density and compressive strength. The results show that recycled PET replacement gives better results for 40 and 50% of plastic composite tile than Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) at 28 days. In conclusion, the plastic composite tiles have both good strength and absorptive property for roof tiling.