Percentage Of Fiber Content Research Articles

Strength of soil reinforced with fiber materials (Papyrus)

Construction of building and other civil engineering structures on weak or soft soil is highly risky because such soil is susceptible to differential settlements, poor shear strength, and high compressibility. Various soil improvement techniques have been used to enhance the engineering properties of soil. Soil reinforcement by fiber material is considered an effective ground improvement method because of its cost effectiveness, easy adaptability, and reproducibility. Hence, in the present investigation, papyrus fiber has been chosen as the reinforcement material, and it was randomly included into the soil at four different percentages of fiber content, i.e., 5, 10, 15, 25% by volume of raw soil. The main objective of this research is to focus on the strength behavior of soil reinforced with randomly included papyrus fiber. Direct shear, consolidation, and displacement tests were performed on papyrusreinforced specimens with various fiber contents. The results of these tests have clearly shown a significant improvement in the failure deviator stress and shear strength parameters (c and φ) of the studied soil with a percent addition of 10% (the preferred percent). Moreover, this addition ratio reduced the displacement of the soil under loading. It can be concluded that papyrus fiber can be considered an appropriate soil reinforcement material.

Dynamic Behavior of Fibre Reinforced Sand

Fibre reinforcement has more or less established itself as a composite civil engineering material having significant effect in improving the static strength characteristics of granular soil like sand. However the dynamic behavior of fibre reinforced sand as far as large scale model tests are concerned is rarely discussed in the literature. The present study illustrates the effect of randomly distributed polypropylene fibrillated fibre reinforcement in modifying the dynamic characteristics of locally available sand (Solani River, Roorkee, India). Block resonance tests (BRT) for low-medium strain levels and Cyclic plate load tests (CPLT) for high strain level have been conducted both on un-reinforced and fiber reinforced sand in the laboratory to study its dynamic characteristics. In BRT, the magnitude of resonant frequency and maximum amplitude of vibration of the test block have been recorded at different excitation levels in vertical mode of vibration at a particular percentage of fiber content, thus establishing the effect of dynamic loading or in turn the effect of strain level. The dynamic response was evaluated in terms of coefficient of elastic uniform compression and damping ratio. Where as, in CPLT, settlement and pressure values have been recorded to calculate coefficient of elastic uniform compression at two different strain levels. It was observed that there was no significant effect of fibre reinforcement on the dynamic behavior of sand contrary to the static loading condition.

Effect of drainage and land clearing on selected peat soil physical properties of secondary peat swamp forest

A study was carried out to determine the effect of drainage and land clearing on selected peat soil physical properties of secondary peat swamp forest. This study was conducted in a drained secondary peat swamp forest and a cleared site of drained secondary peat swamp forest at Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia. A 300 m2 experimental plot was prepared at both sites. Saturated hydraulic conductivity, bearing capacity and surface soil temperature were determined in-situ, while fiber content, soil bulk density, gravimetric water content, volumetric water content, loss on ignition, ash content and soil total porosity were determined using standard laboratory procedures. Unpaired t-test was used to compare the variables for the two sites using statistical analysis system software. The percentage of fibre content, volumetric water content and saturated hydraulic conductivity were not significantly different between the two sites. Gravimetric water content, loss on ignition and total porosity were significantly higher in the drained secondary peat swamp forest, while ash content, bulk density, surface soil temperature and bearing capacity were significantly higher in the cleared site of drained secondary peat swamp forest. After clearing the drained secondary peat swamp forest, gravimetric water content, loss on ignition and total porosity continuously decreased while surface soil temperature increased as well as ash content, bulk density and soil bearing capacity. The changes of peat soil physical properties in the drained secondary peat swamp forest after the land clearing are the important indicators that indicate some continuous processes of peat soil degradation after the draining. However, fiber content, volumetric water content and saturated hydraulic conductivity of the drained secondary peat swamp forest were not affected by the land clearing. Key words: Secondary peat swamp forest, drainage, land clearing, peat soil physical properties.

Effect of Mercerized Banana Fiber on the Mechanical and Morphological Characteristics of Organically Modified Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Nanocomposites

Natural fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites at different weight percentages of fiber content were fabricated using a Haake twin screw extruder, followed by compression molding with the presence maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MA-g-PP) as a compatibilizer. Incorporation of both the fibers and nanoclay into PP matrix resulted in an increase in mechanical properties with an increasing level of fiber content up to 30 wt% and 3 wt% of nanoclay with 5 wt% of compatibilizer. The morphology of the fiber-reinforced PP-nanocomposites has been examined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively.

Effect of fly ash and polypropylene fibres content on the soft soils

Fly ash is a waste produced from the burning of coal in thermal power stations. The staggering increase in the production of fly ash and its disposal in an environmentally friendly manner is increasingly becoming a matter of global concern. Efforts are underway to improve the use of fly ash in several ways, with the geotechnical utilization also forming an important aspect of these efforts. An experimental program was undertaken to investigate the effects of multifilament and fibrillated polypropylene fibre on the compaction and strength behavior of CH class soil with fly ash in different proportions. The soil samples were prepared at two different percentages of fibre content (i.e. 0.5 and 1% by weight of soil) and two different percentages of fly ash (i.e. 10 and 15% by weight of soil). A series of tests were prepared including optimum moisture content and laboratory unconfined compression strength tests, compaction tests and Atterberg limits test. The fibre inclusions increased the strength of the fly ash specimens and changed their brittle behavior into ductile behavior.

Nutritional and physicochemical studies on fruit pulp, seed and shell of indigenous Prunus persica

In this study, we are reporting for the first time a comparative study of the physicochemical and nutritional values and mineral contents of pulp, seed and shell of the local cultivar of Prunus persica , called Chinensis. The percentage of moisture in pulp (87.6) was much higher than that of seed (7.0) and shell (15.0). Seed had highest percentages of ash (3.36), fat (37.7), crude protein (2.7) and carbohydrates (47.4) while for pulp were 0.5, 0.2, 0.6, 9.2 and shell were 0.2, 0.086, 0.078, and 10.5 respectively. The percentage of fiber content was highest in the shell (74.2) which was 2.0 in the pulp and 1.9 in the seed. The pulp, seed and shell all contained higher quantity of potassium than sodium and other estimated minerals. They contained 35, 50 and 30 mg/100 g of potassium respectively while they had almost same amount of sodium (15 to 16 mg/100 g). The seed has highest quantity of zinc (4.3 mg/100 g) while copper was highest in shell (1.0 mg/100 g). The pulp and seed contained almost equal quantity of iron (1.3 mg/100 g) which was much higher than that in the shell (0.04 mg/100 g). The composition of fatty acids in the seed oil was determined by Gas-Liquid Chromatography and palmitic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids were found as major components. The seed oil of Chinensis was also compared with that of another indigenous variety, Red Indian, in the acid, iodine, saponification, and ester values, nonsaponifiable matter, free fatty acids, specific gravity, density, refractive index and triglycerides.

Influence of Fiber Orientation on the In-plane Mechanical Properties of Laminated Hybrid Polymer Composites

The objective of this research effort was to gain a better understanding of in-plane tensile and compressive properties of epoxy resin composites reinforced with glass and satin fabric. The effect of fiber content and orientation on the in-plane properties of these laminates has been investigated and the experimentation was performed to determinate property data for material specifications, quality assurance, and structural analysis. The laminates were obtained by hand lay-up process following an appropriate curing cycle and then the laminates were cut to attain the ASTM standards. Specimen configuration varies with variation in percentage of fiber content and orientation, the test ready specimens were subjected to tensile/compressive loads on universal testing machine with a constant cross head velocity. The analysis of the tensile strengths of the laminates was derived as a function of the fiber orientation, while compressive strength is mainly dependent on the percentage of glass content. ANOVA technique was also used to identify the parameter contribution and to generate regression model, the model adequacy is done against the experimental results and found that the results of the regression model are accurate with reasonable degree of approximation.

Effect of polypropylene fibre and lime admixture on engineering properties of clayey soil

In order to reduce the brittleness of soil stabilized by lime only, a recent study of a newly proposed mixture of polypropylene fibre and lime for ground improvement is described and reported in the paper. To investigate and understand the influence of the mixture of polypropylene fibre and lime on the engineering properties of a clayey soil, nine groups of treated soil specimens were prepared and tested at three different percentages of fibre content (i.e. 0.05%, 0.15%, 0.25% by weight of the parent soil) and three different percentages of lime (i.e. 2%, 5%, 8% by weight of the parent soil). These treated specimens were subjected to unconfined compression, direct shear, swelling and shrinkage tests. Through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the specimens after shearing, the improving mechanisms of polypropylene fibre and lime in the soil were discussed and the observed test results were explained. It was found that fibre content, lime content and curing duration had significant influence on the engineering properties of the fibre–lime treated soil. An increase in lime content resulted in an initial increase followed by a slight decrease in unconfined compressive strength, cohesion and angle of internal friction of the clayey soil. On the other hand, an increase in lime content led to a reduction of swelling and shrinkage potential. However, an increase in fibre content caused an increase in strength and shrinkage potential but brought on the reduction of swelling potential. An increase in curing duration improved the unconfined compressive strength and shear strength parameters of the stabilized soil significantly. Based on the SEM analysis, it was found that the presence of fibre contributed to physical interaction between fibre and soil whereas the use of lime produced chemical reaction between lime and soil and changed soil fabric significantly.

Effect of random inclusion of sisal fibre on strength behaviour of soil

Construction of building and other civil engineering structures on weak or soft soil is highly risky on geo-technical grounds because such soil is susceptible to differential settlements, poor shear strength and high compressibility. Improvement of load bearing capacity of the soil may be undertaken by a variety of ground improvement techniques like stabilisation of soil, adoption of reinforced earth technique etc. Reinforced earth technique is considered as an effective ground improvement method because of its cost effectiveness, easy adaptability and reproducibility. Therefore, in the present investigation, sisal fibre has been chosen as the reinforcement material and it was randomly included in to the soil at four different percentages of fibre content, i.e. 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1% by weight of raw soil. Four different lengths of fibre, i.e. 10, 15, 20 and 25 mm are also considered as one of the parameters of this study. The main objective of this investigation had been focused on the strength behaviour of the soil reinforced with randomly included sisal fibre. The reinforced soil samples were subjected to compaction and triaxial compression tests. The results of these tests have clearly shown a significant improvement in the failure deviator stress, Shear strength parameters ( C and φ) of the studied soil. It can be concluded that sisal fibre can be considered as a good earth reinforcement material.