Percentage Of Dead Spermatozoa Research Articles

The Effect of Adding Levels of the Organic Acid Taurine on Improving the Characteristics of Diluted and Cooled Semen of Arabi Rams

This investigation was place from 1/10/2022 to 31/1/2023 in the College of Agriculture / University of Basra / Karma Ali animal field. Five Orabih rams with similar weights and ages of 2.5 to 3 years were bred for the research. Fortwo weeks, the animals were taught to collect semen using the Kabash's fake vagina and given a 2 kilogram diet with two meals each day. Semen was collected three times a month after training, and rams' sperm was added taurine organic acid (zero, 2, 4.6 mmol) and stored in a cryosafe at 5 º for up to 48 hours. A computer analyzed all diluted and chilled semen properties. Results of the study:T2 treatment significantly outperformed other coefficients in individual movement, sperm concentration, and percentage of live sperm in refrigerated semen (P<0.05). Cryostorage zero (hour) significantly outperformed other periods in pH values, individual movement, and sperm concentration, and exceeded 24 hours (P<0.05). T2 treatment significantly outperformed (P<0.05) other coefficients in pH, individual sperm motility, and live sperm percentage at zero hour, while T2 recorded the highest sperm concentration in refrigerated semen at 24 hours (P<0.05). 2: The control and T6 coefficients had the highest percentagesof dead sperm (P<0.05) compared to other transactions, with the 72-hour cold storage period having the highest moral percentages (P<0.05). The T6 treatment and 72-hour storage period also had the highest moral percentages (P<0.05) in the percentage of dead sperm. T2 transaction significantly outperformed (p<0.05) the straight linear velocity VSL and linearity of the path LIN of sperm, and the duration of cold storage zero (hour) significantly outperformed 72, 48, and 24 hours in VSL and LIN ratios for sperm. T2 transaction at cold storage zero (hour) significantly outperformed VSL and LIN ratios of spe

Effect of various hesperidin and naringin addition levels on specific sperm indicators and the integrity of their DNA as measured by the comet assay in aged broiler breeder males

In broiler breeder males, the generation of semen decreases with age, and the body produces more free radicals when aging symptoms start to appear. Certain citrus wastes are a potentially sustainable source of high-biological value compounds with antioxidant properties that can enhance the performance of the male reproductive system. Hesperidin and naringin are two examples of these substances. Each treatment was given to the roosters separately, and their impacts on DNA integrity and semen parameters were later investigated using the comet assay. in contrast to the treatment used as the negative control. Most of the sperm characteristics (ejaculate volume, overall sperm motility, progressive sperm motility, sperm concentration, percentage of dead sperm, and percentage of abnormal sperm) were significantly and meaningfully improved by the hesperidin and naringin treatment. The percentage of genetic material that remains intact increased in the comet assay in favor of the treatments that also contained naringin and hesperidin. Finally, this study showed that hesperidin and naringin are sustainable substances led to improved semen qualities of elderly broiler breeder males and significantly increased the proportion of genetic material that was intact.

Reduced sperm number of murrah (Bubalus bubalis) bull semen in French mini-straw affects kinetic and functional competence after cryopreservation

BACKGROUND: Extensive dilution of cattle semen with tris-based extender compromises certain sperm kinetic and functional traits following cryopreservation. OBJECTIVE: To study sperm functions of buffalo bulls under high dilution rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four ejaculates were harvested twice a week from four buffalo bulls, and diluted to sperm concentrations of 80, 60, 40 and 20 million/mL. Diluted samples were filled in straws, equilibrated at refrigeration temperature for 4 h, and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Frozen sperm samples were thawed for evaluation of kinetic and functional attributes. RESULTS: Compared to 20 million/mL (million/mL) sperm sample, the total motility, progressive motility and rapid motility were reduced (P < 0.05) in 5 million/mL sample. The proportion of live sperm were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in 10, 15 and 20 million/mL samples than in 5 million/mL sample. The percentage of moribund sperm, dead sperm, and sperm with lipid per oxidation increased significantly (P < 0.05) in 5 million/mL sample. CONCLUSION: The reduction of sperm concentrations to < 10 million/mL affects post-thaw Buffalo sperm kinetic and functional attributes.

Determinants of puberty and age of sexual maturity in Nigerian indigenous breeds of male goats

This study was conducted to ascertain the pubertal and sexual maturity characteristics of Nigerian native goat breeds. The research was carried out on three goat breeds; Sahel (SG), Red Sokoto (RSG), and West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. Each breed was represented by eight (8) animals (n=24) and housed in separate pens based on breed type. All bucks were weighed at birth and bi-weekly using digital weighing scales until they reached puberty. Scrotal circumference measurements were taken every two weeks until the end of the study. Semen was collected immediately after preputial separation and all semen samples were labelled and placed in a thermo-flask immediately and subsequently transported to the laboratory for evaluation. The mass motility and the forward motilities of the spermatozoa were observed using a light microscope. The percentage of live, dead, and abnormal sperms were determined after staining with eosin and negrosin stains. The sperm cell concentration was determined by counting spermatozoa with a hemocytometer. Result obtained indicate that at the 14th and 16th weeks of age, the mean scrotal circumference of bucks ranged from 5.14±0.66 cm to 7.06±0.71 cm, 6.32±0.29 cm to 8.05±0.42 cm, and 5.50±0.74 cm to 7.06±0.71 cm in SG, RSG, and WAD bucks, respectively. Puberty in Red Sokoto bucks was achieved at an average age of 14 weeks, with a mean sperm concentration of (116.17±28.47 x 106), progressive sperm motility of (65.00±9.92%), and a mean body weight of 10.17±1.26 kg. Sahelian and WAD bucks reached puberty at the 16th weeks, with sperm concentrations of 106.29±25.18 x 106 and 107.60±19.99 x 106, mean sperm motility of 65.00±9.94% and 76.00±4.8%, and mean body weights of 11.29±1.59 kg and 7.78±0.70 kg, respectively. To summarise, this study revealed that breed, age, scrotal circumference and body weight at puberty played significant roles in determining sperm characteristics and sexual maturity.

The Effects of Varying Combinations of Dietary Selenium, Vitamin E, and Zinc Supplements on Semen Characteristics and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity of Spermatozoa in 1-Year-Old Native Turkish Ganders

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary Selenium (Se), Vitamin E (Vit E), and Zinc (Zn) and their various combinations on semen quantity, quality, and oxidative enzyme activities of spermatozoa in 1-year-old native Turkish ganders. In this study, 48 1-year-old native Turkish ganders were used. The ganders were randomly divided into 8 dietary treatment groups (Control, Se, Vit E, Zn, Se + Vit E, Se + Zn, Vit E + Zn, Se + Vit E + Zn) with 6 birds each. In addition to the control diet, specific amounts of 0.3 mg/kg Se, 100 mg/kg Vit E, and 100 mg/kg Zn were added to the diets of each treatment group. Semen volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm quality factor (SQF), and total live and normal sperm percentage were the lowest in the control group and highest in the ganders fed with the Se + Vit E + Zn combination. While the percentage of macro-cephalic and dead sperm was highest in the ganders fed with control feed, the lowest percentage of dead sperm was found in the sperm of the ganders fed with Vit E and Se + Vit E + Zn combinations. The lowest glutathione peroxidase enzyme (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and the highest amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in the spermatozoa of the control group ganders. This study revealed that the combined use of Se, Vit E, and Zn in the diet maintained higher semen quantity and quality in 1-year-old native Turkish gander despite the advancing reproduction season compared to the control group.

Effect of Water Extract of Maringa Olivera Leaves on some Characteristics of Goats Epididymal Sperms Under Cooling Conditions

The current study was conducted at the postgraduate laboratories, Agriculture College, Al-Muthanna University, during the period between January 5, 2021 to May 29, 2022, to determine the effect of the water extract of Moringa olivera leaves on some characteristics of goats epididymal sperms under cooling conditions for different periods. The water extract of Moringa, Olivera leaves was prepared and stored in the refrigerator until the time of uses, the epididymal sperms were obtained from the slaughtered goats testes in the local abattoir of Al-Muthanna Governorate, and transferred immediately to the laboratory to collect the epididymal sperms from the tail of epididymis and extended by Tris extender contains different concentrations of water extract of Maringa Olivera (0.02 and 0.03)%. The results showed that the water extract of Moringa led to a significant increase (P≤0.05) on the individual motility of sperms and the hyper osmosis swelling test (HOST), with significantly decreased on percentage of abnormal and dead sperms. The increase of the time of cooling leads to a significant decrease on the individual motility of sperms and the HOST, with a significant increase on the abnormal and dead sperm. The interaction between the level of water extract of Moringa olivera and the cooling periods, there was a significant effect on the individual motility of sperms, while the interaction did not significantly affect to the abnormal and dead sperm as well as the HOST. It was concluded that the water extract of Moringa Olivera leaves improved the characteristics of goats epididymal sperms under cooling conditions.

Enhancing post-thaw quality of ram epididymal sperm by supplementation of rutin in cryopreservation extender

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of different rutin concentrations on rams epididymal sperm. A local slaughterhouse provided 50 pair of testes from 25 rams. The testes were sent to the lab at room temperature. Spermatozoa were extracted by suspending portions of cauda epididymis in tris solution. Ram sperm was cryopreserved (in liquid nitrogen) in a tris extender containing rutin at 0, 0.5, 0.75, 1, and 1.25 mM. Rutin showed superior sperm total and progressive motility, beat cross frequency, straight line velocity, velocity average pathway and membrane integrity values at 0.75 and 1 mM. The morphology of the sperm and the superoxide dismutase levels did not significantly change with different treatments. Moreover, rutin at 0.75 and 1 mM was also shown to have the highest level of mitochondrial activity. The results showed ATP, total antioxidant capacity, and glutathione peroxidase levels were significantly greater in the rutin 0.75 and 1 mM groups (P < 0.05). Rutin at 0.75 and 1 mM levels had the lowest reactive oxygen species concentrations. Rutin at 0.75 and 1 mM substantially increased the proportion of viable sperm (P < 0.05). The lowest amount of apoptosis was observed in 0.75 and 1 mM rutin. Rutin at 0.75 and 1 mM yielded the least significant percentage of dead sperm. It may be inferred that adding 0.75 and 1 mM to the sperm extender can enhance the quality of the epididymal sperm in rams after the cryopreservation process.

The Protective Effect of Grape Seed Oil on some Fertility Parameters in Male White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Treated with Tamsulosin

This study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of Grape seeds oil on some fertility parameters in white rats (Rattus norvegicus). This study used (36) male rats age (2.5-3) month, weights ranged (210-270) g which divided into (6) groups (6) rats/group. The first group (Control group), the second group (Tamsulosin group), the third group (Grape Seeds Oil 0.2 ml/kg) body weight, the fourth group (Grape Seed Oil 0.4 ml/kg) B.W, fifth group (Grape Seeds Oil 0.2 ml/kg+ 0.4 mg/kg, Tamsulosin). The sixth group (Grape Seed Oil 0.4 ml/kg+ 0.4 mg/kg. Tamsulosin). All treatment were given doses every day for (7) weeks. Result showed a significant decreased (p> 0.05) in testosterone levels in Tamsulosin group after the fourth and seventh group weeks of treatment as a compare with control group. Where the testosterone levels showed a significant increase in groups of Grape Seeds Oil 0.2,0.4ml/kg B.W after the fourth and seventh weeks of treatment. The fifth and sixth groups showed a significant decreased (p> 0.05) in testosterone levels after the fourth week, where group-two showed a significant increase after the seventh week. The results revealed a significant decreased in the total sperms count and the density of sperms and the percentage of living sperm (p> 0.05) in Tamsulosin group, and increased the percentage of dead and abnormalities sperms of Tamsulosin groups as compare with control group.

Protective Effect of Acetyl L-Carnitine on Rat Spermatogenesis Defects Induced by Lead Acetate

In this study the influences of the ameliorative effects of Acetyl-L-carnitine, when exposed to lead acetate on functional aspects in spermatogenesis process in the testes of albino male rats, studied, 24 male albino rats weight 178-250 g were randomly distributed into four groups, 6 rats in each, the control group received distilled water orally, Treatment 1 lead acetate group received 10mgkg body weight orally, Treatment 2 acetyl L-carnitine(ALCAR) group received 100mgkg body weight orally, and Treatment 3 lead acetate and acetyl L-carnitine group received 10mgkg body weight and 100mgkg body weight orally respectively. After the end of the experiment the weight of sexual organs were taken, in addition, the total sperm count number, and percentage of dead, live, with abnormal spermatozoa also have been calculated. Results showed that the total sperm count in the lead acetate group was decreased compared with the control and ALCAR groups. The lead acetate with ALCAR showed an increase in total sperm count and live sperm percentage in comparison with control and ALCAR groups. Dead and abnormal sperm percentage increased in the lead acetate group and in lead with ALCAR groups in compared with control and ALCAR grou

The Relationship Between The Polymorphism of Beta A (Βa) Sheet of Inhibin Gene and Semen Characteristics in Holstein Bulls

This study aimed to test a linkage between Inhibin beta A (INHβA) polymorphism and semen quality in Holstein bulls in Iraqi Artificial Insemination Center. The experiment trial was carried out on (12 n) pure Holstein breed bulls. The study period started from January 2022 until February 2022. The Ejaculates were collected and its characteristics were evaluated immediately, additionally, 10 ml of blood were collected from each bull (12 samples) for genomic DNA extraction to determine the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and compared with semen quality. The findings showed the presence of four variants at Exon 2; C (903) T, C (916)Y, G (917)K, and G (966) R in Exon 2 when compared with Gene sequence ID: XM_024990466.1. Two out of four Exon 2 SNPs were non-sense mutations(C (903) T and G (966) R), while the remains were missense which made the change in Arginine &gt; phenylalanine at position (306). Regarding the volume of ejaculates, the results recorded that non-significant difference was shown in whole alleles of the loci, except in one locus (G (966) R), the bulls that had a wild allele (A) recorded maximum collected volume (p &lt; 0.001). In addition, the bulls that represented wild genotypes showed a significant increase in sperm concentration and both mass and individual motility than mutant genotypes in all loci. Moreover, The results of the dead sperm percentage showed a non-significant correlation between the genotypes of all loci except in C (903) T, which demonstrated the superiority of the wild allele over the mutant. Lastly, the results prevailed that the mutant genotype related to the bad semen quality for the bulls, while, the wild genotypes showed good semen parameters, these results may be due to the effect of SNPs on the expression of INHA or the increase in its activity.

Effect of different concentrations of green tea on Cryopreservation of German Shepherd dog

To investigate the Effect of adding different concentrations of green tea extract as an antioxidant on specific physical semen characteristics of German Shepherd dogs during various steps of frozen semen processing this study was carried out. A total (of 20) good Ejaculate semen samples were collected in a plastic bag from German Shepherd dogs aged 3-4 yearsIn different locations (dog breeding).To achieve the current study's main objectives, two experiments were designed through periods extended from the beginning of December 2021 until the end of May 2022. The investigations included studying the physical properties of raw Semen (ejaculate volume, semen color, consistency, motility percentage, progressive motility percentage, dead sperm percentage, sperm abnormalities percentage, and hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST). After that, semen samples were diluted with Tris supplemented with antioxidants. The physical properties of Semen were followed after cooling and after freezing (post-thawing). In the experiment, ten ejaculates were collected. Dilution of Semen was performed with Tris supplemented with two T1, T2, and T3) were cooled slowly up to 5C and equilibrated, packed into 0.5 ml straws, and put in vapor nitrogen (-196C) for 5-10 minutes after that, stored for 48and 72 hr in liquid Nitrogen (-196C). Progressive motility percentage, dead sperm percentage, sperm abnormalities percentage, and hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) were evaluated after cooling and post-thawing (Submerging the straws in the water bath at 37C for 30 seconds). It can be concluded from the present study that adding green tea extract as an antioxidant to the semen extender improves the ability to freeze, especially in the treatment T3 (0.01 mg/5 ml) and the T2 (0.05 mg/5 ml). This additive can decrease the negative Effect of freezing in liquid Nitrogen compared to the control group.

Determining the Fertility Characteristics of Iraqi Local Chickens by Studying the Variance in the Characteristics of Semen

The Iraqi local chicken is national wealth, so it is necessary to work on increasing knowledge of its fertilization capabilities. The current research aims to identify the local breeds that have fertility characteristics by studying the variance in semen quality and comparing it with some characteristics of the semen of other local breeds. Replicates of white breeds W, Black B, and striped BW were adopted at 60 weeks of age. Semen values according to the characteristics of colour, the volume of semen, number and concentration of sperm, percentage of abnormalities, live and dead sperm, and individual and collective motility. Semen colour for all breeds was pearly white, and there had been no big differences in the characteristics of semen size, sperm count, concentration, individual and collective motility, and percentage of dead sperm. While, the white and striped breeds significantly outperformed the black breed (P≤0.05) in the proportion of stay sperms. Black breed significantly outperformed the rest of the study breeds in the percentage of sperm abnormalities, as it turned out that the study breeds had good fertility characteristics compared to other local breeds.

Carvacrol reduces abnormal and dead sperm counts by attenuating sodium arsenite‐induced oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy in the testicular tissues of rats

Arsenic (As) is a highly toxic metalloid. Carvacrol (CAR) is the active ingredient of Lamiaceae plants and has various biological and pharmacological properties. The present study investigated the protective effects of carvacrol (CAR) against testicular toxicity induced by sodium arsenite (SA). Rats were given SA (10mg/kg) and/or CAR (25 or 50 mg/kg) for 14 days. Semen analyzes showed that CAR increased sperm motility and decreased the percentage of abnormal and dead sperm. It was determined that the oxidative stress induced by SA decreased with the increase of Nrf-2 and HO-1 expressions, SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH levels, and MDA levels decreased after CAR treatment. It was observed that autophagy and inflammation triggered by SA in testicular tissue were alleviated by suppressing the expressions of LC3A, LC3B, MAPK-14, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, and COX-2 biomarkers in rats given CAR. Also, CAR treatment suppressed SA-induced apoptosis by inhibiting Bax and Caspase-3 expressions in testicles and up-regulating Bcl-2 expression. Histopathological analyzes showed that rats given SA had deterioration in tubule structure and spermatogenesis cell line, especially a serious loss of spermatogonia cells, atrophy of seminiferous tubules, and deterioration of germinal epithelium. In the group given CAR, the germinal epithelium and connective tissue were in normal morphological structure and an increase in seminiferous tubule diameters was observed. As a result, it was determined that oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis induced by SA were suppressed by CAR, thus protecting the testicular tissue from damage and increasing semen quality.

Comparative study of the carnitine, Gensing, Dill, and Arginine effect in sperm of normal and experimentally H2O2 induced oxidative stres albino male rats

The aim of this study is to compare the effects of Carnitine, Gensing, Dill and Arginine in characteristics of the sperms:total sperm, percentage of live and dead sperm, normal and abnormal sperm in male normal and exposuedrats to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide H2O2(0.5%) in drinking water during the experiment for 30 days. Fifty male rats used in age 12-14 weeks in weights (300-325g) divided randomly into 10 groups, included 5 in each group as following. &#x0D; Control, H2O2 , Carnitine , carnitine + H2O2 , Gensing , Gensing + H2O2, Dill, Dill+ H2O2, Arginine, Arginine + H2O2 groups.&#x0D; Results showed:&#x0D; 1- Treating normal rats with Carnitine, Gensing , Dill, Arginine, led to a significant increase in value(P≤0.05) in Total sperm, percentage of live sperm, and a significant decrease in dead sperm and no difference in normal and abnormal sperm percentage comparing to control group.&#x0D; 2- Oxidative stress Induced by H2O2 led to significant increase in value (P≤ 0.05) in percentage of abnormal sperm comparing to control group. While there were a significant decrease in value (P≤0.05) in Total sperm, percentage of live and normal sperm.&#x0D; 3- Treating rats exposure to oxidative stress with Carnitine, Gensing, Dill, Arginine, led to a significant decrease in value (P≤0.05) in percentage of abnormal and dead sperm, While the treating led to significant increase in Total sperm, percentage of live and normal sperm.

Physiological and Histological Effects of Ginseng Oil on Reproductive Efficiency in Adult Male Rats.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a collection of metabolic illnesses known as chronic hyperglycaemia. It is one of the most common chronic diseases caused by insulin functions or secretions deficiency, which may cause carbohydrate and lipoprotein metabolism to be disrupted. The pituitary-gonadal axis malfunctions, testicular tissue dysfunctions and poor quality of sperms are all symptoms of DM, which is one of the most common causes of reproductive abnormalities. The current study has been designed to demonstrate the impacts of treatment with Ginseng oil oxidative stress-induced physiological and histological alterations in the male reproductive system of rats with subcutaneous (s/c) injection alloxan. The study was done on 30 mature male Wistar rats randomly divided into three equal groups (n=10). The first group, which served as the negative control, the second group (positive control) injection with (s/c) a single alloxan dosage (120 milligrams per kilogram of body weight), the third group was given alloxan and treated with ginseng oil (0.5cc at dosage (5 g /kg body weight daily) for 30 days. The percentage of live sperms increased significantly (P≤0.05) in the group that was given Ginseng oil orally compared to the alloxan group, the percentage of dead sperms and sperm abnormalities dropped, and the total sperm count was decreased. In the rat testis, (s/c) given alloxan (120 mg/kg), aberrant spermatids were present with a decrease in the sperm numbers in the lumens of seminiferous tubules, as well as a division in the irregular germ cells. The current study concluded that Ginseng oil exerted an antioxidant effect on the male reproductive system of rats injected with subcutaneous (s/c) alloxan.

Protective effect of Ginkgo biloba and Olive oil on the reproductive performance of male albino rats exposed to oxidative stress induced by Potassium dichromate

The present study is designed to demonstrate the effect of Ginkgo biloba and Olive oil on the reproductive performance of male rats exposed to oxidative stress induced by Potassium dichromate with respect to male sex hormones, semen parameters and testicular antioxidant system,. Forty Wister albino rats were distributed into four groups and each group have ten rats, control group, Potassium dichromate group (Potassium dichromate 24 mg/kg administered with gavage for 2 month), Potassium dichromate treated with Ginkgo biloba group (Potassium dichromate and Ginkgo biloba 40 mg/kg administered at half an hour interval for 2 months) and Potassium dichromate treated with olive oil group (Potassium dichromate and Olive oil 1 ml/kg administered at half an hour interval for 2 months). The statistical analysis of results showed a significant (P&lt;0.05) decrease in sperms count, the percentage of sperms viability, the level of sex hormones, ceruloplasmin, glutathione concentration, and superoxide dismutase activity, antioxidant activity (AOA), germinal epithelium height and diameter of seminiferous tubules and a significant increase of sperm percentage abnormalities, dead sperm, malondialdelyde (MDA), peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in Potassium dichromate group, compared with control group. The administration of Potassium dichromate with Ginkgo biloba and Olive oil separately result in a significant increase of sperms count, sperms viability, sex hormones levels, ceruloplasmin, glutathione concentration , superoxide dismutase and antioxidant activity, germinal epithelium height and diameter of seminiferous tubules and a significant decrease of sperm abnormalities, dead sperm percentage, MDA, ONOO-. In conclusion the levels of antioxidant parameters, sperm count and sperm viability were restored to normal values when Potassium dichromate administered in combination with Ginkgo biloba or with Olive oil therefor Ginkgo biloba and Olive oil may be beneficial for improving reproductive performance of male rats.

Effect of Silybum marianum (L.) Geartn extract on in vitro fertilization in mice

Composition of Silybum marianum (L.) Geartn extract rich with flavonoid sylimarin which have antioxidant properties. Aim of this project study the effects of sylimarin on In vitro fertilization (IVF) and cleavage stages of embryos in mice. Fifteen adult males and females mice were divided into three groups , each group containing 5 mice , first and second groups were treated with (25 and 50 mg/kg body weight) of Silybum marianum (L.) Geartn extract (IP) while the third group treated with normal saline as control group . After 35 days of treatment the animals (male and female) were sacrificed and sperms isolated from tail of epidydymis were used for the following tests: Sperm motility, dead / live sperm, sperm abnormalities and serum was collected to assay testosterone. Isolation of oocyte from oviduct and serum blood to hormonal assay (FSH and LH) . Sperm and matured ova were incubated in TCM-199 media for insemination. The results showed increase in body weight and testes weight in groups treated with Silybum marianum (L.) Geartn. Significant increase in sperm activity and decrease in percentage of dead sperm and abnormalities in groups treated with Silybum marianum (L.) Geartn. The male testosterone and female FSH, LH increased significantly in groups treated with Silybum marianum (L.) Geartn. IVF study showed significant increase in percentage of maturation, fertilization and cleavage (2-4 cells). In conclusion sylimarin have benefits effect on IVF and cleavage stages of embryo development when injected before IVF by improve fertilization of males and females.

Zamzam Water Ameliorates Gentamicin-Induced Testicular Toxicity in a Rat Model via Targeting Sperm Parameters, Testicular Tissue Oxidative Insult, Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Pituitary-Gonadal Axis.

Gentamicin is considered one of the most typical causes of testicular damage. Oxidative stress is a significant contributor to testicular tissue damage. Zamzam water (alkaline in nature) has an antioxidant effect. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential palliative effect of Zamzam water against gentamicin-induced testicular damage. Thirty Rats were separated into three groups, each with ten rats, as follows: The Control received only normal saline. The gentamicin group received 100 mg/kg/day of gentamicin intraperitoneally for six days from day 15 to the end of the experiment. The gentamicin +Zamzam Water group received a dose of gentamicin 100 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally with Zamzam water as their sole source of drinking from day one to day 21. Hormonal assay in serum, histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural examination of testicular tissue with a molecular study were obtained. Pretreatment with Zamzam water significantly p < 0.001 increased serum levels of testosterone, FSH, and LH, as well as the percentage of sperm motility and progressive motility. It also upregulated SOD, CAT, GPx enzymatic activity, gene expression of Nrf2/HO-1, and immunoexpression of PCNA. While the percentage of dead sperm and abnormal sperm, immunoexpression of NFκB, Caspase 3, inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and MDA levels significantly (p < 0.001) declined with histological improvement. It was concluded that Zamzam water as alkaline water possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects against gentamicin-induced testicular toxicity in vivo.

Effect of sinaflor drug)NaF( on reproductive system in adult male mice

The trail conducted to study the effect of sinaflor drug Syrian origin which contain 1 mg [NaF] on the reproductive system of twenty adult male mice. . the mice were divided randomly in to four groups .first group were given 0.500 ppm fluorine in drinking water second and third groups were given 0.250 and 0.125 ppm fluorine in drinking water respectively .The control group was given drinking water .The experiment continue fifty days and mice were scarified at the end of the period to study the fertility parameters Results showed that Sperm count and, dead sperm percentage had significant difference's( p&lt;0.05 )in treated mice groups compared with control, while. Abnormal sperm and abnormal acrosome percentages had no differences between treated groups and control . Here was a significant difference( p&lt;0.05) in sera testosterone level between the treated groups compared with control group .fluorine accumulation in the testes was also measured and found the accumulation is increased and follow the increasing concentration of NaF in drinking water.

Protective effects of Asparagus officinalis (asparagus) against lead toxicity in mice.

One of the most prevalent harmful heavy metals is lead (Pb). It is generally recognized to be harmful to the testicles. Asparagus officinalis has many saponins, flavonoids, and other phenolics with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The effects of A. officinalis (asparagus) aqueous extract (AOAE) on testicular damage caused by lead acetate (PbAc) were investigated in this study. In this way, 20mg/kg PbAc was injected intraperitoneally 2h after mice were administered 400mg/kg AOAE orally for 14days. In the biochemical analysis of testicular tissue, PbAc decreased enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant molecules in testicular tissue, while increasing lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, inflammatory markers [nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1 β), IL-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)], and apoptotic-related proteins. Additionally, PbAc was discovered to reduce sperm motility and increase the percentage of dead sperm. However, due to its antioxidant qualities, AOAE has been found to reduce oxidative stress, therefore protecting against inflammation and apoptosis. It also allowed the AOAE sperm parameters to restore to their previous values in the control group. According to the findings, AOAE could be a natural substance that could be used to treat Pb-induced testicular toxicity; this protection may be attributed to its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. However, this study warrants further works to explore in detail the underlying mechanisms of the alleviating effects of AOAE against Pb-induced toxicity and which of its active ingredients is responsible for this protection.