Percentage Of Damage Research Articles

BEARING CAPACITY OF A BEAM DAMAGED DURING COMBAT ACTIONS STRENGTHENED WITH THE USE OF FIBER CONCRETE

The paper presents the results of a study of the load-bearing capacity of a beam damaged during hostilities, which was reinforced with steel-reinforced concrete. A beam with 20 percent damage in the compression zone is considered. Before concreting, a foam insert was installed in the area of the planned damage, the shape and dimensions of which corresponded to the planned damage. After the concrete was set to 70% grade strength, the liner was pulled out, and the resulting cavity was filled with a 2% mixture of fiber concrete. This is one of the beam strengthening options in a comprehensive damaged beam testing program, which involves the study of a series of beams with different types of damage, varying damage zone (tensile and compression) and its magnitude, geometry and method of strengthening. The authors developed a special stand for testing. The load-bearing capacity of the damaged beam reinforced with fiber concrete was 80.6 kN, or 89.5% of the load-bearing capacity of the intact beam. Cracking started at the 4th load stage, when the load value was 16.1 kN, or 20% of the bearing capacity of the damaged beam. At the same time, 10 cracks formed in the zone of pure bending, the opening width of which did not exceed half the price of the microscope division, which is 0.005 mm. At the next eight stages of loading (up to 48.4kN), no new cracks were observed, and the width of the opening of all the ones that had previously formed doubled - it reached 0.01mm. At the 12th, 13th and 19th stages of loading, 4 more cracks appeared. The maximum final crack opening width was 1.2 mm. Up to a load of 68.5kN, which is 85% of the load-bearing capacity of the damaged beam, the reinforced concrete liner works with the beam almost as a unit, and then the compressed zone of concrete squeezes out the liner. It is claimed that the strengthening of a beam with 20% damage in the compressed zone in the manner considered in the work allows to achieve its bearing capacity, which is almost 90% of the bearing capacity of an undamaged beam.

Determination of the most appropriate fertilizing method for apple trees using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approaches.

Appropriate tree fertilization with essential nutrients is considered as one of the major factors in enhancing the quality and quantity of horticultural crops. The most efficient way to fertilize trees is to dig holes around the trunks and fill them with appropriate chemical and organic fertilizer. Doing this operation with mechanized methods reduces costs and increases productivity compared to traditional methods. In the present study, multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods, including deterministic analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP), technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), fuzzy TOPSIS (FTOPSIS), and analytic network process (ANP), were used to score and select the appropriate fertilizing method for apple trees based on the growers and expert's perspectives. The criteria, including fertilizing operation cost, crop yield, the percentage of tree damages, ease of entering and moving fertilizing equipment in tree rows, field capacity (with or without machinery), comfort and safety of fertilizing operations, after-sales service, access to the required machinery and implements, crop selling price, and crop quality, were used in the above-mentioned methods. The fertilization methods (Hole digging) considered in the present study were traditional fertilization (Shovel), orchard Trencher, motor hole digger, fixed centerline tractor-mounted hole digger, and off-set tractor-mounted hole digger. Based on the results, the priority of mechanized fertilizing methods was determined as tractor-mounted hole diggers (AHP weight of 0.286, FAHP weight of 0.285, TOPSIS relative proximity of 0.65, and FTOPSIS relative proximity of 0.64), fixed centerline tractor-mounted hole diggers (AHP weight of 0.219, FAHP weight of 0.158, TOPSIS relative proximity of 0.56, and FTOPSIS relative proximity of 0.62), motor hole diggers (AHP weight of 0.171, FAHP weight of 0.079, TOPSIS relative proximity of 0.46, and FTOPSIS relative proximity of 0.31), and orchard trenchers (AHP weight of 0.12, FAHP weight of 0.057, TOPSIS relative proximity of 0.19, and FTOPSIS relative proximity of 0.20), respectively. Based on the ANP method, off-set and fixed centerline tractor-mounted hole diggers had the highest priority (weights of 0.43 and 0.27), followed by trencher (weight of 0.16), motor hole diggers (weight of 0.09), and the traditional method (weight of 0.04). Results showed that applying orchard tractors equipped with mounted diggers, especially off-set types, can play an important role in enhancing the quantity and quality of apples produced, as well as reducing the costs of fertilizing operations.

The Effects of Irrigation Water Salinity on the Synthesis of Photosynthetic Pigments, Gas Exchange, and Photochemical Efficiency of Sour Passion Fruit Genotypes.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange, and photochemical efficiency of sour passion fruit genotypes irrigated with saline water under the conditions of the semi-arid region of Paraíba state, Brazil. The experiment was conducted at the experimental farm in São Domingos, PB. A randomized block design was adopted, in a 5 × 3 factorial scheme, with five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water-ECw (0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 2.7, and 3.5 dS m-1)-and three genotypes of sour passion fruit (Gigante Amarelo-'BRS GA1'; Sol do Cerrado-'BRS SC1'; and Catarina-'SCS 437'. The increase in the electrical conductivity of irrigation water negatively affected most of the physiological characteristics of the sour passion fruit at 154 days after transplanting. Significant differences were observed between sour passion fruit genotypes when its tolerance was subjected to the salinity of irrigation water. There was an increase in the percentage of damage to the cell membrane with the increase in the electrical conductivity of irrigation water, with maximum values of 70.63, 60.86, and 80.35% for the genotypes 'BRS GA1', 'BRS SC1', and SCS 437', respectively, when irrigated with water of 3.5 dS m-1. The genotype 'BRS Sol do Cerrado' showed an increase in the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments when irrigated with water of 3.5 dS m-1, with maximum values estimated at 1439.23 μg mL-1 (Chl a); 290.96 μg mL-1 (Chl b); 1730.19 μg mL-1 (Chl t); and 365.84 μg mL-1 (carotenoids). An increase in photosynthetic efficiency parameters (F0, Fm, and Fv) of the genotype 'BRS Gigante Amarelo' was observed when cultivated with water with high electrical conductivity (3.5 dS m-1).

Thermal Image-Based Hotspot Detection System in Solar Panels by Lilnet-5 and Relu6-F-Rcnn

The effects of high temperatures are the hotspots that occur in solar panels. In previous works, the particular hotspot-affected panel detection on a large scale and the damage-percentage analysis are not concentrated. Hence, this article proposes an efficient detection system for solar panel hotspot identification from thermal images. To convert Photovoltaic (PV) power from one voltage to another voltage level, solar PV panels are employed and connected with the DC-DC converter. The Student T Distributed-Osprey Optimization Algorithm (ST-OOA) is utilized for controlling the converter duty cycle. The output obtained from the converter is in a signal waveform that is converted into a snowflake image by a Symmetrized Dot Pattern (SDP) and given to the LeCun Initialized LeNet-5 (LILNet-5) classifier for fault-panels detection. Afterward, the fault panels’ thermal images are preprocessed along with faults and cracks segmentation by utilizing Rectified Linear Unit 6 Activated Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (ReLu6-F-RCNN). Lastly, to identify the damage percentage of solar panels, power loss is calculated. Moreover, the performance analysis exhibited the framework’s robustness in effective solar panel hotspot detection.

Short Lingual Frenulum as a Risk Factor for Cerebral Vasculopathies

Introduction: Tongue is the first functioning organ in the embryonic era. Its developmental alterations can result in malfunctions with damage in distant districts. Craniocervical anatomy suggests that tongue dysfunction may be involved in the damage to the arteriovenous encephalic flow. Objective: To evaluate the possible relationship between short frenulum and cerebral vasal problems. Method: We conducted an epidemiological research comparing the presence of vascular problems in families where the visited subject had short frenulum (which is a genetically transmitted pathology) and families where the visited subject did not have abnormality of the frenulum. Results: The presence of short tongue frenulum was correlated with the presence of episodes of vascular damage in about 80% of cases, while in families not affected by this tongue alteration the percentage of damage was between 10 and 13%. Conclusions: The enormous influence that the presence of an altered tongue frenulum seems to have on the future possibility of developing vascular problems should induce a more careful assessment of the presence of an incorrect-sized frenulum.

Analysis of impact and absorbed energy of Fritillaria ussuriensis maxim during drum screening and its effect on impact damage

To analyze the severe mechanical damage of Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim (FUM) during drum screening, the sliding speed of the FUM lifting plate, maximum separation angle of the lifting plate, falling height corresponding to the maximum separation angle, and impact energy of FUM on the contact materials of the drum wall were determined by conducting theoretical analysis based on the equations of sliding motion of the FUM mixture along the lifting plate, slanting motion, force balance, and kinetic energy. The maximum separation angle of a FUM mixture was measured by employing high-speed photography, and the theoretical formula was revised. The impact force data was collected using a Model 1199 stress–strain sensor, and the evaluation index of the relationship between the absorbed energy and the impact force was established. The effects of the falling height, collision material, and falling direction on the energy absorption of FUM were analyzed by performing a single-factor test. The results of theoretical and experimental analyses showed that the sliding speed of the FUM lifting plate increased with the increase in the drum’s rotating speed and that the falling height and impact energy initially increased and then decreased with the increase in the drum’s rotating speed. The absorption energy of FUM increased with the increase in the falling height, but the absorption energy of forward falling and lateral falling had no significant change with mass. The effect of the impact materials (steels plate, FUM, soil, and screening mesh) on the absorption energy of FUM was determined. The percentage of damage and breakage of FUM had a quadratic relation with the impact energy, and their determination coefficients were 0.97054 and 0.99993, respectively. The results of this study can be useful for the optimization of key parameters during the design of a low-loss screening device for FUM harvesting.

Analysis of a crash on a vehicle system by adjusting appropriate input parameters to manage energy absorption capacity for enhancing passenger safety

The aim of the research is to develop a front bumper system that absorbs maximum impact energy as compared to the current bumper available in the market, Bumper design is based on increasing the area of the crumping zone to slow down the collision and observe the impacts taking place at the time of jerks and reduces the percentage of damage. To develop the system, the number of load cases tested numerically in passive safety simulation has increased significantly in recent years. The variety of applications may be divided into three main topics: structural crashworthiness of the whole car, passenger protection, and crashworthiness of components. Present theories and practices. To absorb impact, the front bumper of the car uses a spring-loaded system that is installed between the bumper and the support for the chassis structure. This system is made of metal and serves as the bumper's structural foundation. A honeycomb structure is being added to the bumper as a composite material together with a layer of galvanized iron as it is being created in this manner, which increases strength while weighing less. This arrangement design is suitable for psychoacoustics, varying velocity explicit analysis is performed with the approach of finite element analysis, experimental testing is carried out for the validation of the value and advanced manufacturing methods are implemented with statistical results, and one of the cheapest systems is developed as compared to the current bumper systems.

Effect of Averrhoa bilimbi Leaf Extract on Blood Glucose Level, Hepatosomatic Index (HSI), and Liver Histology of Diabetic Mice

Averrhoa bilimbi leaf extract (BLE) contains high antioxidant levels. Antioxidants can suppress reactive oxygen species produced during hyperglycemic conditions in diabetes mellitus (DM), which cause damage to liver tissue. This study aimed to determine the BLE effect on fasting blood glucose (FBG), Hepatosomatic Index (HSI), and liver tissue damage. We used 24 mice in 6 different groups, divided by N (normal), K- (DM), K+ (DM+glibenclamide 0.013mg/20gBW), E1 (DM+ extract 6.3mg/20gBW), E2 (DM+ extract 8.4mg/20gBW), and E3 (DM + extract 10.5mg/20gBW). We used an alloxan dose of 120mg/kgBW to induce the DM and then treated with BLE for 14 days. We measured the fasting blood glucose using a glucometer. In addition, we evaluated the liver tissue damage with HSI and Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) stained histological slides. The results showed that BLE significantly reduced the percentage of FBG and liver tissue damage, while HSI showed no significant difference. The most optimal extract dose was 8.4 mg/20gBW (E2 group), with an FBG decrease of 26.44%, a normal cell percentage of 88.56%, and an HSI score of 6.18%. Based on this finding, we concluded that bilimbi leaf extract could lower blood glucose and improve liver histology of diabetic mice but did not significantly affect HSI.

Ensembling techniques in solar panel quality classification

<p><span lang="EN-US">Solar panel quality inspection is a time consuming and costly task. This study tries to develop as reliable method for evaluating the panels quality by using ensemble technique based on three machine learning models namely logistic regression, support vector machine and artificial neural network. The data in this study came from infrared camera which were captured in dark room. The panels are supplied with direct current (DC) power while the infrared camera is located perpendicular with panel surface. Dataset is divided into four classes where each class represent for a level of damage percentage. The approach is suitable for systems which has limited resources as well as number of training images which is very popular in reality. Result shows that the proposed method performs with the accuracy is higher than 90%.</span></p>

In vitro antagonism test of endophytic isolates from the ciplukan plant (Physalis angulata L.) against Ralstonia solanacearums

Ralstonia solanacearum was a pathogenic bacteria that causes wilt disease which can cause up to one hundred percent damage to horticultural plants. Therefore, a control effort was needed to overcome this problem. The use of pesticides was an alternative that can be used to suppress the growth of the pathogen R. solanacearum. However, its continuous use poses a high risk to the environment so friendly and safe control efforts are needed. One way was by utilizing endophytic bacteria. This study aims to test the ability of endophytic bacterial isolates from ciplukan plant (Physalis angulata L.) to suppress the growth of the pathogenic bacteria R. solanacearum in vitro. The method in this research includes rejuvenating endophytic bacterial isolates BA2(3), BA3(1), DA1(4) and BU3(5) from ciplukan plants (Physalis angulata L.) obtained from research conducted by Setianah (2020), observations macroscopic and microscopic endophyte isolates, hypersensitivity test of endophytic bacteria on tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.), then continued with an in vitro antagonist test using the Kirby Baurer technique. Research data shows that of the four candidates, two isolates of endophytic bacteria, namely BA2(3) and BU3(5), showed a negative hypersensitivity reaction which was characterized by the absence of necrosis symptoms in the hypersensitivity test, so these isolates could be tested for antagonists. The results of the antagonist test showed that isolates BA2(3) and BU3(5) had the potential to inhibit the growth of R. solanacearum which had an inhibitory diameter of 3.03 mm and 1.60 mm in the first 24 hours of incubation. It is hoped that the ability of endophyte isolates BA2(3) and BU3(5) to inhibit the growth of the pathogen R. solanacearum can be used as a biological agent to reduce the use of pesticides in treating plant diseases.

Growth of leaf cutting of malay apple (Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr & Perry) with coconut water treatmen

Malay apple (Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr & Perry) is a fruit plant in the Myrtaceae family, which has high economic value and nutritional content. The aim of this study was to determine the growth response of guava leaf cuttings to treatment with coconut water concentrations. The research design used was a randomized block design with 5 treatment levels and 5 replications. The treatment consisted of 5 levels namely control, water immersion, 25% coconut water, 50% coconut water, and 75% coconut water. Coconut water treatment was given to cuttings by soaking for 2 hours. Furthermore, leaf cuttings are planted in polybags that have been doused with water and then given a plastic cover. Parameters observed included the percentage of live cuttings, the percentage of formed roots, the percentage of shoots formed, the percentage of petiole damage, the percentage of petiole swelling and the percentage of petiole callus formation, the percentage of damaged leaves, and the symptoms of leaf damage. The results showed that the control treatment, water immersion and coconut water treatment showed the percentage of live cuttings was 100%, the leaf cuttings had not yet formed roots and shoots. Coconut water treatment reduced the percentage of petiole and leaf blade damage, increased the percentage of petiole swelling and increased callus formation, but was not able to stimulate root and shoot formation. Treatment of 75% coconut water showed the lowest percentage of damage to leaf cuttings with the highest percentage of swelling and callus formation.

Development of the Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome after infection with SARS-CoV-2 in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and secondary AA-adrenal amyloidosis

The COVID-19 pandemic has also affected rheumatic diseases. A clinical case of the development of the Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 infection in a patient with secondary AA - adrenal amyloidosis is presented. Description of the case. Patient G.G., 57 years old, was hospitalized for several hours on May 20, 2023 at the Cheboksary Regional Hospital with a diagnosis of severe viral interstitial pneumonia. Secondary AA adrenal amyloidosis. Acute adrenal insufficiency. She was admitted with complaints of an increase in body temperature up to 38.20C. Computed tomography of the chest organs showed signs of bilateral viral interstitial pneumonia (the percentage of lung damage was 74%). The diagnosis of COVID-19 was based on a positive PCR test in nasopharyngeal swabs. Blood pressure - 80 / 40 mm Hg. Art. D - dimer - 786 ng / ml (not higher - 243 ng / ml). Despite treatment, the patient died. At autopsy in the lungs, dystelectasis, hyaline membranes, intraalveolar edema. In the adrenal glands - the deposition of amyloid masses, foci of necrosis of the cortical layer and hemorrhage. Signs of DIC - syndrome. Conclusion. The peculiarity of the case is the development of the Waterhouse-Frideriksen syndrome without signs of sepsis.

The effect of convexity in energy absorption of E‐glass reinforced epoxy composites under high velocity impact: An experimental and numerical investigation

AbstractComposite laminates have found extensive application in various industries, and numerous studies have been conducted to investigate their behavior in flat sheet configurations. The present study aims to extend this research by examining the behavior of convex composite specimens subjected to high velocity impact (HVI), and comparing their energy absorption and failure area to that of flat sheets made of glass fibers. Additionally, we seek to investigate the influence of curvature diameter on the energy absorption and fiber failure percentage of the composite specimens. Four series of composite laminates with distinct geometries, comprising a flat specimen and three convex composite specimens, were fabricated with nine layers each and diameters of 10, 15, and 20 cm. All specimens were fully clamped and subjected to empirical gas gun impact tests at three different velocities of 200, 250, and 300 m/s. The velocity values before and after the impact were measured using velocity sensors, and the energy absorption of the laminates was computed. Of the tested composite specimens, those with smaller diameters and greater curvature exhibited reduced fiber damage percentage and increased energy absorption. Compared to the flat specimens made of glass fibers, the convex specimens with a diameter of 10 cm exhibited an energy absorption increase of approximately 47%, while the specimens with diameters of 15 and 20 cm showed approximately energy absorption increases of 42% and 7%, respectively. The results were confirmed through simulation using finite element software ABAQUS/Explicit.Highlights Curved E‐glass laminates studied under high velocity impact which is done experimentally and numerically. Convexity increases energy absorption capacity of E‐glass reinforced epoxy composites. The results show that convexity can absorb more energy compared to flat panels. The damaged area of curved laminates are smaller than the flat one. The findings suggest that convexity can be a useful design feature for improving impact resistance in various applications.

Growth of seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii co-cultivated with Sargassum plagiophyllum using the long line method

The use of smaller seed weights < 20g has never been done for cultivating S. plagiophyllum. The study of cultivation of both species S. plagiophyllum (SP) and K. alvarezii (KA) simultaneously had never been done previously. This research was conducted in Bungin Permai coastal waters, South Konawe regency. This research aim was to examine the most suitable wet initial weight for better growth (10,15, 20g) on the growth of both species’ seaweed. The collecting data were analyzed by factorial completely randomized design with three replications. Yields were observed every 9,18,27,36,45 days of the growth period. The results showed that S. plagiophyllum had significantly higher different DGR than those of K. alvarezii (P<0.05) during cultivation period. No interaction between species and wet initial weight was found (P>0.05). In addition, the species of seeds influence the DGR. Seed of SP had higher DGR than KA, but the initial wet weight of the seeds only influences at the initial cultivation period (9th day). Broken thallus was found in the 10,15,20g seeds. The percentage of thallus damage in SP tends to be higher than KA. DGR at 10g seed weight of both species was significantly higher than other seed weights (15g and 20g; P<0.05).

DNA Damage in Working Individuals Occupationally Exposed to Cooking Oil Fumes Using Peripheral Blood Comet Assay

Cooking oil fumes (COFs) endorses major genetic changes in human health by endorsing physical stress, which plays an important role in producing physiological and genetic alterations. COFs combined with smoking habits provide a significant risk that exacerbates genetic changes. The DNA damage was assessed in the current investigation utilizing a blood cell comet test on 30 desk job employees of companies who were occupationally exposed to COFs and 30 healthy persons. Only the experimental individuals were categorized as smokers or nonsmokers depending on the duration of their exposure. The Student's t-test was used to assess the data statistically. The DNA damage percentage of smoking experimental was observed to be 10.2±0.3% that is much elevated to the 7.1±0.2% in control smokers participants of 31-35 years of age. The investigation's findings showed that there was copious DNA damage among the workers. Office workers who smoke cigarettes collectively cause more DNA damage than they prevent.

EFFECT OF ADDING RESVERATROL TO SOYBEAN-LECITHIN EXTENDER ON SOME SEMEN ATTRIBUTES OF BUFFALO BULLS

This study was conducted to explain the effect of adding different resveratrol (Res) concentrations to soybean-lecithin extender on some post-cryopreserved (PC) semen characteristics of the Iraqi buffalo bulls for different preservation periods. Eight mature bulls were used, and polled semen was equally divided into four groups within one trial. Three Res concentrations (100, 150, and 200 μM) were added to the soybean-lecithin extender, and comparisons in the response were made with the control group (soybean-lecithin extender, Res-0). The differences among groups in sperm cell individual motility percentages at different preservation periods lacked significance. Greater (P≤0.01) sperm acrosome integrity percentage was noticed for the Res-150 group compared with the C and Res-200 groups at cooling, 48 hrs., and 2 months PC. Lesser (P≤0.01) malondialdehyde concentrations and sperm DNA damage percentage were observed for the Res-150 group as compared with the other groups, 2 months PC. Higher (P≤0.01) total antioxidant activity was shown in Res-150 and Res-200 groups as compared with the control and Res-100 groups, 2 months PC. In conclusion, adding Res to the soybean-lecithin extender enhanced some of the PC semen characteristics of Iraqi buffalo bulls at different preservation periods.

APLIKASI SEVEN TOOLS DALAM PENGENDALIAN MUTU SELADA DI CV. ABC

CV ABC is a company that produces organic vegetables in Yogyakarta. Lettuce plants at CV ABC are one of the plants that are in great demand by consumers and have a fairly high level of sales. The purpose of this study is to identify the quality control of lettuce with the seventools method. The tools used include check sheets, histograms, pareto charts, control charts, and cause-and-effect diagrams (fishbone). In the research that has been done, it has been shown that there are two types of damage, namely leaf spots of 725 g and torn leaves of 1385 g. Total damage as a whole is 2110 g with an average percentage of damage reaching 21.1% of the total sample of 10000 g. Causes of product defects identified from various aspects, including humans, machines, methods, materials and the environment.

Buckling assessment of GFRP and carbon fiber-reinforced plastic filament-wound tubes using an acoustic emission-based methodology

The aim of this research is to investigate the failure mechanisms of the filament-wound composite tubes under axial compressional loading by using an acoustic emission approach. First, the mechanical properties of ±45°C composite tubes were obtained experimentally. Then, failure due to the buckling phenomenon and crashworthiness characteristics were studied utilizing numerical simulation and experimental methods. Tubes were next simulated in ABAQUS software, and a continuum damage mechanics model was implemented in a progressive framework to assess the failure modes. From the macroscale view, results showed that the damage behavior of composite tubes turned out to be dominated by local buckling followed by a post-buckling field, which is generated by longitudinal cracks along the winding direction. On the micro-scale, the acoustic emission-based procedure based on the wavelet packet transform method was adopted. The hierarchical modeled assessment resulted in the identity of four clusters of AE signals. In GFRP tubes, the fiber breakage and fiber/matrix separation could mostly control the higher percentage of damage and cause to increase the energy absorption. Finally, by comparing the results obtained from micro and macro scales, the local buckling failure mode was attributed to the low content of fiber/matrix debonding in the structure.

Development and Evaluation of Tractor Operated Onion Digger

Onions are cultivated in various regions of India across two to three growing seasons. Ensuring a timely harvest of the onion crop is essential for securing optimal market prices. Delayed harvesting can lead to increased losses due to factors like rain, especially during peak harvest periods. Typically, onion harvesting has been a manual task undertaken by small and medium-sized farmers in Chhattisgarh, India. However, due to the labor-intensive, monotonous, and costly nature of manual harvesting, a tractor-powered onion digger was conceptualised, developed, and subjected to evaluation. This innovative digger comprised distinct units, including a digging mechanism, separator, windrower, and transmission unit. The necessary power to operate this onion digger was calculated to be 14.04 kW. An experimental study was undertaken to optimise various parameters, specifically the rake angles (15°, 20°, and 25°) of the V-shaped blade and forward speeds (2.0, 2.5, and 3.5 km/h), concerning essential harvesting factors (such as damage percentage, harvesting efficiency, and separation index) attributed to the developed machine. Remarkably, the harvesting efficiency peaked at 97.02% when utilising a 20° rake angle for the blade at a forward speed of 2.0 km/h. The harvesting of onions with a developed onion digger was also found to be more cost-effective than manual harvesting.

Termite Identification Attacks on Buildings

House construction continues from time to time, the frequency of termite attacks on buildings in the area is also very high due to the disturbance of the termite's natural habitat. Termites target the structural wood of buildings and objects derived from cellulose. This study aims to analyze the diversity of termite, house component damage, the relationship between the age and condition of building in Jakarta, Indonesia . This study used a purposive sampling method from 134 houses in Jakarta, Indonesia with a cross-sectional approach. The research procedures included taking and identifying specimens, analyze the intensity percentage of building damage, analyze the relationship between the age of the building and the condition of the building, and environmental factors. Based on the results of research conducted on 134 houses in Jakarta, it is concluded that there are four types of termites in the study sites: C. curvignathus (61.14%), M. gilvus (18.65%), M. inspiratus (10.88%), and C. cynocephaus (9.33%). The worst damage to residential components is found in the sills. Based on statistical tests, there is a correlation between age and the condition of the building. It indicates that the age of the building is significantly related to its condition.