Percentage Of Causes Research Articles

Safety Risk Assessment of Iranian Building Sites based on Construction Stage

To assist safety practitioners in the work of prioritizing preventative activities based on the stage of civil industry, it is necessary to identify the most common causes of accidents in the civil sector. Reports from official accident investigations are examined. For this aim, accidents are examined that were officially investigated by the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labour, and Social Welfare at the building sites of North of Iran (Mazandaran region) between 2013 and 2023. The percentage of causes in each of the several potential cause groups indicates a pattern of causation. There are notable correlations between the different cause categories and the phases of building and accident mechanisms. Depending on the accident's mechanism and the current building stage, there have been seen to be significant variances in accident causation. Prioritizing preventive measures to counter the most likely causes of each accident procedures and building stage should be done using these results.

Causes of Childhood Blindness in the United States Using the IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight)

To investigate causes of childhood blindness in the United States using the IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight). Cross-sectional study. Patients ≤ 18 years of age with visual acuity (VA) 20/200 or worse in their better-seeing eye in the IRIS Registry during2018. Causes of blindness were classified by anatomic site and specific diagnoses. Percentages of causes of blindness. Of 81 164 children with 2018 VA data in the IRIS Registry, 961 (1.18%) had VA 20/200 or worse in their better-seeing eye. Leading causes of blindness were retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in 301 patients (31.3%), nystagmus in 78 patients (8.1%), and cataract in 64 patients (6.7%). The retina was the leading anatomic site (47.7%) followed by optic nerve (11.6%) and lens (10.0%). A total of 52.4% of patients had treatable causes of blindness. This analysis offers a unique cross-sectional view of childhood blindness in the United States using a clinical data registry. More than one-half of blind patients had a treatable cause of blindness. Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.

Unilateral Fenestration versus Open Laminectomy in Treatment of Degenerative Stenosis of Lumbar Spine

Background: The syndrome of degenerative lumbar canal stenosis accounts for a large percentage of causes of low back pain in the elderly worldwide. Surgical management has demonstrated better clinical and radiological results than conservative treatment. It allows for adequate decompression of the thecal sac and the compressed nerve roots. However, aggressive laminectomy with facetectomy has been linked with many postoperative complications including instability. Hence, new less invasive modalities have been introduced such as fenestration and endoscopic laminotomy. Objective: This study aimed at comparing the safety and outcome of conventional laminectomy to unilateral fenestration in cases of lumbar canal stenosis. Patients and methods: It took place at the Neurosurgery Department at Zagazig University and included thirty six patients with lumbar canal stenosis; eighteen patients were treated by conventional laminectomy and eighteen patients were treated by unilateral fenestration. Results: Decompression led to an intense decrease of total pain in both groups. Matched with that experience in group I, but, with more remaining back and leg pain was found in group II, 6.58±0.99 and 6.75±0.96, respectively, compared with 2.16±0.57 and 2.75±0.86 , respectively, at the 12 weeks follow-up assessment (p < 0.001). The most obvious symptom of lumbar stenosis, neurogenic claudication improved in 91% of patients in group I compared to 83% in Group II. Patient satisfaction was higher in Group I, as the patients who underwent unilateral fenestration showed more decrease in total pain with 12 weeks postoperatively. Conclusion: Unilateral fenestration allows acceptable and safe decompression of the spinal canal in patients with degenerative lumbar stenosis.

Unilateral Fenestration versus Open Laminectomy in Treatment of Degenerative Stenosis of Lumbar Spine

Background: The syndrome of degenerative lumbar canal stenosis accounts for a large percentage of causes of low back pain in the elderly worldwide. Surgical management has demonstrated better clinical and radiological results than conservative treatment. It allows for adequate decompression of the thecal sac and the compressed nerve roots. However, aggressive laminectomy with facetectomy has been linked with many postoperative complications including instability. Hence, new less invasive modalities have been introduced such as fenestration and endoscopic laminotomy. Objective: This study aimed at comparing the safety and outcome of conventional laminectomy to unilateral fenestration in cases of lumbar canal stenosis. Patients and methods: It took place at the Neurosurgery Department at Zagazig University and included thirty six patients with lumbar canal stenosis; eighteen patients were treated by conventional laminectomy and eighteen patients were treated by unilateral fenestration. Results: Decompression led to an intense decrease of total pain in both groups. Matched with that experience in group I, but, with more remaining back and leg pain was found in group II, 6.58±0.99 and 6.75±0.96, respectively, compared with 2.16±0.57 and 2.75±0.86 , respectively, at the 12 weeks follow-up assessment (p < 0.001). The most obvious symptom of lumbar stenosis, neurogenic claudication improved in 91% of patients in group I compared to 83% in Group II. Patient satisfaction was higher in Group I, as the patients who underwent unilateral fenestration showed more decrease in total pain with 12 weeks postoperatively. Conclusion: Unilateral fenestration allows acceptable and safe decompression of the spinal canal in patients with degenerative lumbar stenosis.

FATAL ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN MYSORE CITY USING GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM

A deep study of road traffic deaths during 2013 was conducted in Mysore city, Karnataka, India. Victims in RTAs sustain varieties of injuries, which are fatal or dangerous to life. The current paper has attempted to mapping the fatal road traffic accidents within Mysore City in the year of 2013. This is a descriptive secondary data analysis of police records of reported RTA of the year January–December 2013 collected from Krishnaraja, Devaraja, and Narasimaraja Traffic police stations within the administrative region of Mysore city. During the one-year study period of Mysore city in 2013 occurs 902 cases of road traffic accidents. within Mysore city there are 141 death road traffic accident has plotted using Arc Gis 10.3 software. Mainly the result shows that in the city center, North-West of the city and state Highway 88 have more death road traffic accidents. In adding, an effort also made to know the percentage of cause of death. Keywords: Fatal accidents; Road traffic accidents; GIS

GENDER BASED ASSESSMENT OF ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN MYSORE CITY

Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) are growing is an alarming rate throughout the world. The present paper has tried to mapping and analysis the road traffic accidents male and female occupants within Mysore City in the year 2013. The secondary data were collected relating to accidents registered with Krishnaraja, Devaraja and Narasimaraja Traffic Police stations in Mysore city. During one-year study period of Mysore city 2013 occurs 902 cases of road traffic accidents. There are 768 Male occupants and 205 Female occupants road traffic accident has plotted within Mysore city used Arc Gis 10.3 software. In adding, a determination also made to know the percentage of cause of male and female occupants road traffic accidents. Keywords: occupants; road traffic accidents; GIS

Risk Factors of Early Breastfeeding Jaundice: How Can Gynecologists and Nurses be Effective in Reducing It?

Background: Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common neonatal problems. About 60% of term and 80% of preterm neonates have jaundice. Objectives: Due to the high prevalence of early neonatal jaundice, which can lead to mothers’ concerns and even hospitalization of neonates, we decided to study the frequency and risk factors of breast feeding jaundice to determine the role of gynecologists and nurses in the development of this type of jaundice. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The sampling method was by convenience. Study populations included one hundred terms, exclusively breastfed neonates aged equal or less than seven days with jaundice who were admitted in Golestan and Khanevadeh hospitals Tehran, Iran from July 2019 to January 2020. Results: The percentage of causes of jaundice in the study population was 65% non-breastfeeding jaundice (29 male, 36 female), including 36% blood group incompatibility, 19% Rh incompatibility and 10% G6PD deficiency. The amount of breast feeding jaundice was 35% (18 male, 17 female). The most significant factors in breastfeeding jaundice were: use of water or sugar water, depressed nipple, mother’s unwillingness to breastfeed; inappropriate breastfeeding technique, and birth weight &lt; 2500 g. Conclusions: The high prevalence of breastfeeding jaundice indicates that policies of breastfeeding education need to be revised. Breastfeeding education before delivery, attention of gynecologists to breast problems of mothers during pregnancy, professional coordination of nurses and physicians for effective breastfeeding training, and early mothers’ revisit after the initial discharge of neonates can reduce the frequency of breastfeeding jaundice and readmission of neonates.

Identification of the causes of misconception on the concept of dynamic electricity

This study aims to find out the causes of misconceptions on the high school students in the subject matter of dynamic circuit through mixed method. The population of this study is all students of class XII SMAN 2 Banda Aceh. The sample was chosen by random sampling, so that there were 21 students for the control class and 21 students for the experimental class. Data collection was done by questionnaire technique in the form of questionnaire about the cause of misconceptions which is called the Instrument for Identifying the Causes of Misconceptions (IICM) consisted of 35 items was developed by researchers with validity and reliability indices respectively 0.75 and 0.85. The results of data analysis show that the largest percentage of causes of misconception is by students and by context. Thus it can be concluded that the cause of misconception among high school students for dynamic electrical circuitry is caused by the student’s self as well as the context. The causes of misconceptions in students are more at the stage of cognitive development of students and in most contexts caused by feelings of pleasure/displeasure or free/depressed.

The Profile of Reproductive Age Women Causes of Low Birth Weight (LBW) Baby Incidence in South East Asia 2005-2014

Low birth weight (LBW) accounts for the highest percentage of causes of neonatal death. The purpose of this study was to identify family profiles that influence the incidence of LBW throughout Southeast Asia. The sample in this study were women aged 19-29 years. The data used were secondary data published by Measure Demografic Health Survey (DHS) in 2005-2014. Women's profiles identified included maternal factors (area of residence, education, age, economic status, marital status, parity, location of delivery), health service factors (iron consumption, pregnancy visit / ANC). The results showed that the incidence of LBW occurs a lot with the profile of respondents who have rural areas, even though they have high economic status. Most respondents who gave birth to LBW had secondary and low education, with unmarried marital status and low partner education. In addition, there were still many respondents who were not obedient to antenatal visits and consume less iron. However, some had given birth at local health services, although there were still respondents who had a lot of parity. Researchers suggest that women, especially women of childbearing age, want to pay attention to the risk factors for the incidence of LBW, including consumption of iron and delivery in health services so that the incidence of LBW can be suppressed. Keyword: family profile, Southeast Asia, LBW, women of childbearing age

IMPLIKASI PERILAKU PERJALANAN PELAJAR PENGGUNA SEPEDA MOTOR TERHADAP KESELAMATAN BERLALU LINTAS (Studi Kasus: Pelajar Sekolah Menengah Atas di Pusat Kota Semarang)

Movement in Semarang City has dependence on motorcycle, evidenced by the domination of motorcycle that reach 79%. It causes the highest percentage of accident rates by motorcycle users, reaching 66% of 5,378 incidents and 18.4% of them are high school students. Based on that problem, conducted research that aims to understand travel behavior of high school students motorcycle users in Semarang Central City and understand how dependence on motorcycles and safety riding awareness on the student. This research is use mix approach research to combine quantitative and qualitative method. The method of data analysis used in this study are descriptive statistics, network analysis and phenomenology analysis. The results show that social demographic aspects as measured by student participation in additional activities after school affect the student's travel behavior. Schedule and location of activities after school will form student travel pattern and then shaping the student travel behavior. It causes the motorcycle become the main mode of student travel. Besides travel behaviour, motorcycle dependence is caused by accumulation negligence by various parties. Such negligence is the provision of school parking following the demand growth, lack of integration of public transportation modes, and the permission of students to use motorcycles without driver license. Unfortunately, motorcycle dependence has not been accompanied by safety riding, it is evidenced by the percentage of causes of the highest accidents caused by driver factor, which reached 96%. 98% of students had committed traffic violations and 96% of them were deliberate. This is happened because students feel tired due to increased hours of activity from full day school system and additional activities after school so that students become unaware and not obey. These problems cause both well-informed and uninformed students ignore smart riding method.

Repercusión de las lesiones medulares traumáticas en la dinámica vesical: perspectivas de seguimiento

Las lesiones en la médula espinal representan un porcentaje importante como causa de discapacidad en México y en el mundo, siendo la tercera causa con un porcentaje superior a 25%. Este tipo de pacientes sufre múltiples complicaciones y una de ellas es la que corresponde al sistema urológico al que muchas veces no se le da un seguimiento de manera regular. Dentro de las lesiones de las vías neurológicas, que inervan a la vejiga, pueden afectar a uno o varios aspectos de la fisiología, ya sea su fase de llenado, de almacenamiento o de vaciamiento, lo anterior según el área nerviosa alcanzada y la naturaleza de la lesión; estas lesiones deben ser manejadas por el mismo urólogo que debe seleccionar la opción terapéutica adecuada en su ámbito de competencia, tomando en cuenta los pros y contras de cada una de ellas, ya que esto tendrá una repercusión en la calidad de vida del paciente, así como continuar un programa de seguimiento para la detección de complicaciones de manera oportuna. Particularmente el cateterismo urinario es pilar fundamental para el manejo de las lesiones medulares postraumáticas, ya que puede contribuir a la disminución de las complicaciones.

An improved method for physician-certified verbal autopsy reduces the rate of discrepancy: experiences in the Nouna Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (NHDSS), Burkina Faso

BackgroundThrough application of the verbal autopsy (VA) approach, trained fieldworkers collect information about the probable cause of death (COD) by using a standardized questionnaire to interview family members who were present at the time of death. The physician-certified VA (PCVA), an independent review of this questionnaire data by up to three physicians trained in VA coding, is currently recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and is widely used in the INDEPTH Network. Even given its appropriateness in these contexts, a large percentage of causes of death assigned by VAs remains undetermined. As physicians often do not agree upon a final COD classification, there remains substantial room to improve the standard VA method, potentially leading to a reduction in physician discordance in COD coding.MethodsWe present an extension of the current method of PCVA and compare it to the standard WHO-recommended procedure. We used VA data collected in the Nouna Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (NHDSS) between 2009 and 2010 using a locally-adapted version of an INDEPTH standard verbal autopsy questionnaire. Until 2009, physicians in the NHDSS followed the WHO method (Method 1). As an extension of Method 1, starting in 2010, the use of a panel of physicians was added to the coding process in the case where a third physician's final conclusions resulted in an undetermined COD (Method 2). Two independent samples of VA questionnaires were compared for the year 2009 (using Method 1) and the year 2010 (using Method 2).ResultsThe WHO-recommended method used for 2009 yielded a high level of undetermined CODs, where the final coding was "undetermined" in 50.8% of all questionnaires due to disagreement among participating physicians (Method 1). By introducing a panel of physicians in 2010 for cases where the principal physicians disagreed on the cause of death, the revised method significantly reduced the proportion of undetermined CODs to 1.5% (Method 2).ConclusionsAs the extended method of PCVA significantly improved the accuracy of the VA procedure, we suggest the adoption of this method for those countries where alternatives like computer-based VA coding are not available. Based on the results of our study, further research should be pursued.

Causes of Child Deaths in India, 1985–2008: A Systematic Review of Literature

To understand the causes of child deaths in order to implement appropriate child survival interventions in the country. We present a systematic review of studies reporting causes of child, infant, and neonatal deaths from India for 1985 to 2008. PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and WHO regional databases were searched along with a hand search and personal communication with researchers in child health to obtain studies and reports for the database. Study data was summarized and analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. We identified 28 published/unpublished studies and reports (6 multi-centric and 22 single sites). There was one nation wide study and rest were from 15 unique sites in 9 different states of India. There were differences in study design and cause of death assignment methods between the studies, which made comparisons and synthesis difficult. The median percentage of causes of deaths in neonatal period were sepsis/pneumonia: 24.9% (Q1: 19.6% and Q3: 33.4%); asphyxia: 18.5% (Q1: 14.2% and Q3: 21.9%); and pre-maturity/LBW: 16.8% (Q1: 12.5% and Q3: 26.5%). Amongst the infants, sepsis/pneumonia, asphyxia, and prematurity/low birth weight (LBW) remain substantial causes of deaths. The median proportional contribution of neonatal deaths to total infant deaths was 48.5% (Q1: 36.5-Q3: 57.5%). The proportion of deaths due to infectious diseases like diarrhoea, pneumonia, and measles seem to be greater in infancy, in comparison to that in neonatal period. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportional contribution of neonatal deaths to total deaths occurring during infancy (<1 year) between the two equal periods before and after 1996 (p = 0.141). There also was no difference in the proportional contribution by cause of death assignment method (Verbal autopsy vs. other methods; p = 0.715) or by study setting (urban vs. rural; p = 0.175). The median percentage of neonatal deaths by day 1 is 36.7% (Range: 20.0-58.0%). The median cumulative percentage of neonatal deaths by day 3 was 49.7% (Range 35.0-64.6%), and 70.9% (Range: 46.5-92.3%) by day 7. In addition, the timing of deaths during neonatal period seems to be static during the last 2 decades, with majority of deaths occurring during first week of life. This review demonstrates the need for more studies with consistent methodological rigor investigating the causes of child death in India. We conclude that the structure of neonatal causes of death in India may be different from the rest of the world and that interventions to reduce neonatal deaths in first week of life may rapidly improve child survival in the country.

Heart Failure in Infants and Children

1. Erin Madriago, MD* 2. Michael Silberbach, MD* 1. *Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Ore After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Define pediatric heart failure (HF) and review its pathophysiology. 2. Describe the clinical manifestations of pediatric HF. 3. Identify common pediatric HF syndromes. 4. Recognize the differences between pediatric and adult HF. 5. Discuss the treatment of pediatric HF. Pediatric heart failure (HF) is an etiologically diverse disease manifesting a variety of clinical presentations. Nevertheless, in all HF syndromes, whether adult or pediatric, a unifying pathophysiologic mechanism is involved: A cardiac injury (either congenital or acquired) activates both compensatory and deleterious pathways that cause a chronic and progressive course that, if left untreated, ultimately hastens death. Indeed, pediatric HF is the most common reason that infants and children who have heart disease receive medical therapy and accounts for at least 50% of referrals for pediatric heart transplantation. (1) HF results when cardiac output is insufficient to meet the metabolic demands of the body. Over time, decreased cardiac output leads to a cascade of compensatory responses that are aimed directly or indirectly at restoring normal perfusion to the body's organs and tissues. For most adults, HF results from diminished myocardial contractility caused by ischemic heart disease. In contrast, decreased contractile states account for a smaller percentage of causes of pediatric HF. Instead, the various triggers of HF in children can be categorized broadly as syndromes of excessive preload, excessive afterload, abnormal rhythm, or decreased contractility, which all can lead to a final common HF pathway. The overall incidence and prevalence of pediatric HF is unknown, largely because there is no accepted universal classification applied to its many forms. The largest HF burden comes from children born with congenital malformations. It has been estimated that 15% to 25% of children who have structural heart disease develop HF. (2) Although cardiomyopathy is relatively rare, approximately 40% of …

Predictors of mortality in hospitalized diabetic patients: A 7-year prospective study

This study was conducted to investigate the mortality rate, causes of death, and standardized mortality ratio (SMR), and to identify the significant predictive factors of mortality in diabetic patients at a medical center in Taiwan. Clinical data were obtained from 1792 diabetic inpatients discharged from the metabolism department of a medical center during the years 1996–2002. Underlying causes of death were determined from death certificates. Predictors of mortality were assessed by uni- and multivariate Cox survival analyses. Of 1792 patients studied, 410 (22.9%) patients died. The crude mortality rate was 93.2/1000 person-years, and the overall SMR was 2.98 (2.71–3.28). The percentages of causes of death ascribed to diabetes, cancer, cardiopulmonary disease, infection, stroke, digestive diseases, nephropathy, accidents, suicide, and disease of arteries, arterioles, and capillaries were 38.0, 13.2, 9.5, 7.8, 7.6, 6.8, 5.1, 2.0, 0.5, and 0.2%, respectively. The independent predictors of mortality were age greater than 65, duration of hypertension more than 5 years, 24 h proteinuria greater than 0.3 g, and estimated creatinine clearance less than 60 mL/min. Conclusion: The mortality of diabetic inpatients was about threefold that of the general population. The predictors of mortality included older age, longer duration of hypertension, increased 24 h proteinuria, and decreased creatinine clearance.

Maternal mortality in Italy, 1980?1996

<h2>Abstract</h2> <i>Objective</i>: To establish the extent of maternal mortality in Italy in between 1980 and 1996 in order to compare it with the international data. <i>Study Design</i>: We conducted a retrospective study on maternal deaths in Italy from 1980 to 1996. Data have been collected by Italian Statistic Institute (ISTAT). We calculated both the maternal mortality rates and the percentages of causes of death in the whole period, according to WHO definitions. <i>Results</i>: The data confirmed the trends of the previous decade: maternal mortality rates have decreased from 13.25 (1980) to 3.78 (1996) for 100000 live births. Haemorrhage and hypertension have been the main causes of maternal death, while pulmonary embolism has had a minor affect on maternal mortality rates compared to other countries, particularly in Europe. <i>Conclusion</i>: Italian data appear reassuring and encourage further investigations on detailed welfare problems.

Maternal mortality in Italy, 1980–1996

Objective: To establish the extent of maternal mortality in Italy in between 1980 and 1996 in order to compare it with the international data. Study Design: We conducted a retrospective study on maternal deaths in Italy from 1980 to 1996. Data have been collected by Italian Statistic Institute (ISTAT). We calculated both the maternal mortality rates and the percentages of causes of death in the whole period, according to WHO definitions. Results: The data confirmed the trends of the previous decade: maternal mortality rates have decreased from 13.25 (1980) to 3.78 (1996) for 100 000 live births. Haemorrhage and hypertension have been the main causes of maternal death, while pulmonary embolism has had a minor affect on maternal mortality rates compared to other countries, particularly in Europe. Conclusion: Italian data appear reassuring and encourage further investigations on detailed welfare problems.

Évolution de la mortalité infantile en France: fréquence et causes de 1950 à 1997

To present an analysis of the infant mortality trends and causes of death in France from the beginning of the 1950s, neonatal (0-27 days) and post-neonatal mortality (27-364 days) being considered separately. We used the data from the national registries of births computed by INSEE (National Institute of Statistics and Economic Surveys) and of causes of deaths computed by Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research). We analysed the evolution of the infant death rates from 1950 to 1997, the overall mortality for males and the percentages of causes of death at three different periods. Mortality has changed according to neonatal or post-neonatal ages. A constant improvement was recorded for neonatal mortality up to 1995 (2.9 per 1,000), while there was a stagnation for post-neonatal mortality between 1979 and 1993, followed by a sharp decrease (2.0 per 1,000 in 1995). During the neonatal age the main causes of death are conditions generated in the neonatal period and congenital abnormalities, both decreasing regularly; during the post-neonatal age the main cause is sudden infant death syndrome, which fell dramatically during the last four years. Several factors related to medical care, nursing and type of registration are contributing simultaneously to the important variations in mortality found in our results.

Methodology in industrial health studies: Social Security disability data and the medical care system.

This paper is directed at the exploration and development of the Social Security data, in the ascertainment and evaluation of industrial health effects. The focus of the study is on disability data, as a national uniform means to identify illnesses and disease that occurred prior to death, that were not recorded on the death certificates. A cohort of employees of an industrial company was processed through the Social Security System to simultaneously identify the disability and death claims that were filed. The total number of white males that filed disability claims was 1,333 and for white females 278. The total number of claims filed for the white males was 1,734 and for white females 382. Comparisons were made of all causes of disability with all causes of death for white males and white females. A remarkably high percentage of causes of disability were not recorded or available by death certificate for ICD categories of diseases and specific cancer sites. The study also demonstrated that disability data contribute significantly to the confirmation of the diagnosis for the cancer sites. The development of the methodology linking Social Security data on disability, medical care, and mortality with industrial medical and environmental exposure data in epidemiological studies is discussed.