Percentage Growth Rate Research Articles

The potential of indigenous rhizobacteria from areca nut rhizosphere in South Konawe regency as a plant growth promoter

Sustainable agriculture focuses on the applied of biological resources in agricultural cultivation process, therefore exploration and isolation of potential microbes as biological fertilizers need to be continuously developed. The research aim was to get the potential indigenous rhizobacteria isolates from the rhizosphere of areca nut plants as plant growth promotor. The experiment consists of 4 series based on the location of isolate collection, namely Angata 7 isolates, Landono 7 isolates, Palangga 6 isolates, and 4 isolates Wolasi, using a complete randomized design with three replications. The potential of these various isolates on a laboratory scale was evaluated via seed viability and vigour tests using upland rice as indicator plant. Inoculation of seeds using rhizobacteria isolates was able to improve the viability and vigour of rice seeds as shown by increasing potential development, germination percentage, vigour index, and relative growth rate as compared to control. The research found that 19 isolates which have the potential to promote plant growth were selected, namely AG1, AG2, AG3, AG4 and AG7 (Angata), LD1, LD2, LD3, LD4, LD5 and LD7 (Landono), PL1, PL2, PL5, PL6 (Palangga) and WL1, WL2, WL3 and WL4 (Wolasi). Field-scale experiments is required to evaluate these potential isolates as biofertilizers.

Production and Acreage Growth and Seasonality in Rice in Bangladesh

Bangladesh is facing noticeable risks to self-reliance in rice production, considering the population and its future demand, land scarcity, intensity of natural disaster, soil degradation, global warming. In Bangladesh, rice is cultivated in three seasons which are known as Aus, Aman, and Boro. Considering the year from 1971 to 2015, the area of cultivation growth rate of Aus, Aman, and Boro were -3.4 percent, -0.01 percent, and 4.29 percent, respectively. The yearly yield growth rate of Aus, Aman and Boro were 2.13 percent, 2.48 percent, and 1.8 percent, respectively and production growth rate of Aus, Aman, and Boro were -1.3 percent, 2.45 percent, and 6.9 percent, respectively. During the period, overall rice cultivation area increased at the rate of 1.23 percent, the yield capacity increased at 3.42 percent. The total production increased at the rate of 4.19 percent. The yearly cultivated area growth of rice was 0.31 percent, yield growth was 2.9 percent, and production growth was 3.27 percent. The study found that Boro season rice contributed 2.29 times higher production compared to Aus, and 2.24 times to Aman.

Bangladesh Management Staffs’ view on indoor condition, Health and Safety of Factory

Bangladesh is a developing country. In Bangladesh, there are lots of factories for different readymade garments products. Products are used in Bangladesh and also export to many different countries. A huge number of populations are working in these industries as workers. In Bangladesh, for nearly a decade the garment industry contributing to the country’s economic growth reached an impressive 6 percent growth rate. Bangladesh is now a day one of the world’s leading clothing exporters, and the garment industry employs 3.6 million workers out of a total population of over 150 million. Most of the nation’s 4,500 factories are concentrated around the capital city named Dhaka and attract thousands of rural residents in search of jobs and a better life for their families. These factories are not well designed in terms of workers’ health and safety. A field study was held about the health and safety of workers in the factory in Bangladesh. For the study, a questionnaire survey was held among the management staff of factories. The management staff responded and get information about factories of the current condition. This Study will help to find out the current indoor condition of the factory building in terms of health and safety of workers and help to introduce a standard towards factory owners which can introduce in their factory to develop the indoor condition. Keywords: Bangladesh, Factory, Health and Safety, In House, Safety Measure

The effects of replacing fish meal protein with a mixture of poultry by‐product meal and fermented soybean meal on the growth performance and tissue nutritional composition of Asian seabass ( Lates calcarifer )

The effects of fish meal (FM) protein replaced with a mixture of poultry by-product meal (PBM) and fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on the growth performance of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) was investigated. Seven diets were formulated to replace 0% (CON−), 0% (CON+), 20% (MPS20), 40% (MPS40), 60% (MPS60), 80% (MPS80) and 100% (MPS100) FM protein with a mixture of 60% PBM and 40% FSBM. Treatment diets except CON− contained feed attractants; each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of ten 1.27 g fish for 6 weeks. The fish fed the CON−, CON+, MPS20, MPS40 and MPS60 diets showed no significant differences in weight gain percentage (WG%) and specific growth rate (SGR), whereas those fed the MPS100 diet had the lowest WG% and SGR. The crude lipid of fish muscle ranged from 66 to 71 g/kg, whereas that of fish liver ranged from 372 to 426 g/kg. The amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and n-3 LC-PUFA of fish muscle decreased as the FM protein replacement level increased. A mixture of 60% PBM and 40% FSBM would be able to substitute FM protein for up to 60% without adverse effects on the growth performance of Asian seabass.

The Macroeconomic Determinants of Economic Growth in Uganda (1990–2019)

The study was based on Macroeconomic Determinants of Economic Growth in Uganda using cointegration approach. The researcher used statistical software of Eviews 11 student version for the analysis of the macroeconomic variables affecting Uganda’s economic growth. The main objective of this study was to examine the major macroeconomic determinants of economic growth in Uganda between the periods 1990 and 2019 applying the Johansen method of cointegration. All the variables are integrated at first order except real effective exchange rate as a result the Johansen's cointegration approach was used. The study found out that foreign direct investment (% of GDP), inflation (consumer prices) and real interest rate had a positive effect on growth in real gross domestic product per capita while real effective exchange rate has a negative effect on per capita growth in gross domestic product. In the long run, real effective exchange rate and real interest rate are the significant determinants of growth in real gross domestic product per capita in Uganda. In the short run, inflation (consumer prices) and real interest rate turned to be statistically significant determinants of growth in real gross domestic product per capita. Based on the findings, the following policy recommendations are made: The Bank of Uganda should make use of monetary policy to stimulate the economy through increased aggregate demand due to the positive relationship between inflation and gross domestic product per capita growth. Since there is a positive relationship between FDI and gross domestic product per capita growth, it is therefore recommendable that the government of Uganda continues to attract more international capital inflow through trade liberalization if it is to achieve its growth target of 8 percent growth rate per annum. However the most important policy implication from the findings of negative relationship between economic growth and exchange rate indicates that there is a need for exchange rate policy framework that compliments the existing inflation targeting regime in Uganda. Instead of completely liberalizing the exchange rate in the framework of inflation targeting strategy adopted, policymakers in Uganda have to prevent the upside movements in the exchange rate by taking into consideration its negative effect on economic growth.

Temporal Analysis of Operational Costs of Paddy and Wheat Crops in Punjab

A study on operational costs in paddy and wheat crops was carried out by analysing secondary data. The secondary data over two decades from 1996-97 to 2016-17 were collected from Cost of Cultivation of Principal Crops in Punjab. The results revealed that paddy's total operational cost increased by over 150 percent, showing a growth rate of 8.27 percent per annum compared to a nearly 125 percent increase with 6.36 percent growth rate in wheat. Among various cost components, human labour showed a drastic increase of 260.71 percent (13.04 percent per annum growth rate) in paddy due to various operations performed by labour from transplanting seedling to harvesting. However, there was a similar increase of 346.46 percent in machine labour at the annual rate of 17.32 percent in the wheat crop. The study concluded that paddy farming turned labour intensive, and wheat was highly mechanized in Punjab. Subsequently, the farmers' dependence on labour was on the higher side in paddy cultivation.

Growth Performance of the Mangrove Oyster Cultivated on the Amazon Coast

Abstract In the last decades the oyster faming stands out as the main mitigating measure to the decline of the fishery, as it presents socio-economic and environmental viability. However, for the success of the activity, it is necessary to understand the stages of cultivation, as well as the growth performance of the species to be cultivated. The present work aims to characterize the growth and survival of Crassostrea tulipa, cultivated on the Amazon coast. For this purpose, oysters were grouped by commercial size class (seed, juvenile, baby, average and masters) and compared the growth rates and their relationships with the abiotic variables. There was no difference in the average growth between the oyster classes, however, when comparing them in the total and percentage growth rates, a higher performance was observed in the oysters classified by juvenile and seed, respectively. The relationship of salinity to oyster growth was evidenced only in the class of juvenile oysters. The cultivation time required to obtain native oysters in the commercial size varied between four and seven months, being inferior to those found in other Brazilian regions.

The CHOP Study – Cholestatic Influence on Portal Vein Embolization (PVE) Induced Future Liver Remnant (FLR) Hypertrophy – A Maastricht Aachen Analysis

Introduction: Experimentally induced hepatocellular bile salt accumulation impairs liver function and regeneration. Portal Vein Embolisation (PVE) is the current standard to induce FLR hypertrophy. The impact of cholestasis on PVE-induced FLR hypertrophy however remains unclear. We hypothesized that cholestasis impairs PVE induced FLR hypertrophy and compared PVE hypertrophic response between patients with and without cholestasis. Methods: Patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma or colorectal liver metasases, who had undergone PVE before a major hemihepatectomy in Uniklinik RWTH Aachen or Maastricht University Medical Center between 2016 and 2019, were enrolled. Clinical and laboratory variables were recorded and volume of segment 2 and 3 on pre- and post-embolization CT-scans were assessed. Diameters of left and right hepatic bile ducts was measured on pre-embolization scans. Bilirubin was used as a clinical marker of cholestasis. The degree of hypertrophy (DH) as a percentage and kinetic growth rate (KGR) as percentage/week were used to assess the increase of the liver volume. Results: In this study,142 patients were enrolled. Sequential pre- and post-CT-scans were available for 53 patients (32 for CRLM, 21 for pCCA). Liver segment II and III volumes increased significantly after PVE in both groups (P < 0.001). pCCA patients with cholangitis (n=4) had an almost blunted DH (P = 0.042). DH and KGR did not differ (P = 0.719 and P = 0.968, respectively) between drained and undrained pCCA patients. Higher initial bilirubin level before biliary drainage was correlated with less PVE-induced DH (ρ=-0.727, P = 0.007). The bilirubin level and bile duct diameter before PVE was not associated with DH and KGR. Conclusion: Initial bilirubin levels before biliary drainage were negatively correlated with PVE-induced liver hypertrophy in patients with pCCA. Biliary duct diameter and bilirubin level right before PVE seems less of influence on PVE induced hypertrophy.

Promoting Women Participation in India’s Labour Force in Different Sectors

Employment is critical for helping women and their families rise economically and socially. However, if employed in low-paying work characterised by stress and distress, the economic well-being and welfare of women will not improve. This paper examines the trend and growth of self-employed and wage labour women workers in agriculture in Indian states, rural and urban women in household work in Indian states and rural and urban women workers in different sectors between 1999-2000 and 2011-12. This study applies experimental evidence. The study aimed to explore the growth of self-employed and wage labour for women in agriculture in Indian states. In order to accomplish this, rural and urban women who work in different sectors and women who work in the household sector were studied in order to apply percentage, linear trend, and compound growth rates. Internet, books, newspaper, journals, records, and brochures are used as secondary data in creating their results. In 1999–2000, the mean proportion of rural women workers in different sectors was 3.2918% and the standard deviation was 5.73%. In 2011–2012, the mean proportion of rural women workers in different sectors was 4.2327% and the standard deviation was 8.16%. Though, the mean proportion of urban women workers in different sectors between 1999-2000 and 2011-12 showed an increase of 6.92 and 7.89 percent, and the variance increased from 11.73 to 11.71. The trends found were significant at the 5% level, and their coefficients are all positive. The 4.26%, 8.54%, and 8.09% average annual increases of female workers in different sectors shows that women in agricultural, household, and different sectors have all increased by the rate of 4.26%, 8.54%, and 8.09% each year on average. Women who do household work have a higher growth rate, as opposed to women who do other kinds of work and women who work in agriculture. For women in agriculture, the compound growth rates are 0.86%, 7.02% and 0.32%. It suggests that the problem needs to be addressed with government action and policy development.

Ecological changes during crisis period

The article examines the change of the level of air pollution in world’s countries (ecological changes). We verified two hypotheses. It can be caused by an increase in the level of development of countries accompanied by a change in the level of air pollution and the countries with different rates of economic growth may observe different rates of air pollution reduction in the post-crisis period. To test the hypotheses, hierarchical agglomerative and iterative methods of cluster analysis, and econometric models were used. The annual percentage growth rate of the GDP per capita and percentage of population exposed to ambient concentrations of PM2.5 for 101 countries for 2008-2017 were considered as the research information base. The results showed both significant positive and negative effects of increasing level of economic development and air pollution of the countries with a time lag in one-two year. In addition, the results of an econometric analysis show that there are different dynamics of air pollution level for countries with high, medium and low economic growth rates. The results can be of value for the formation and adaptation of the environmental strategies.

Propagation and Possible Allelopathic Effects of Vernoniazeylanica on Selected Bioassay Species

Vernonia zeylanica (L.) belongs to the family Asteraceae, is one of the major endemic weed species present in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) plantations of the tropics, which propagates very easily. There is a possibility that this plant could also possess allelopathic effects, but this has not been scientifically tested. Thus, a study was carried out to determine the seed germination of V. zeylanica under soil moisture stress conditions, shoot propagation methods and possible allopathic effects of this species, on selected species in bioassay tests. Germination of V. zeylanica seeds was not observed at higher osmotic potential (-0.9 MPa). The highest sprouting percentage of this species were obtained with soft wood cuttings. The aqueous leaf extract was highly phytotoxic, and it significantly reduced germination and seedling growth of all bioassay species tested. Full strength (33.3 g L-1) aqueous extracts of leaves significantly reduced the germination percentage, root and hypocotyl growth rates of all species tested. The inhibitory effects were often dependent on concentration. However, the degree of inhibition varied among the test plant species. The seedling emergences of all four tested plants were severally inhibited when planted in V. zeylanica contaminated soil. The results indicated that incorporated aqueous leaf extract of V. zeylanica and its rhizosphere contaminated soil can suppress seed germination, seedling growth and seedling emergence of certain plant species indicating a possible allelopathic effect.

Pulses Production: Status, Trends and Strategies in India

Pulses are an important ingredient in the vegetarian diet of Indian masses. These are important because these have a high value for maintaining the optimal blood sugar levels and also restoring energy over a long period of time after the meals because the carbohydrates provided by pulses are released slowly as compared to cereals. In general, pulses are one of the most sustainable crops as it utilizes only 359 liter of water to produce one kg of pulses as compared to 1,802 liter for soybeans and 3,071 liters for groundnut. They play a significant role in contributing to soil quality by fixing nitrogen in the soil. India is one of the largest producer as well as consumer of a wide variety of pulses that is dominated by the tropical and sub-tropical crops such as chickpea, black gram, pigeon pea, green gram, lentil & so on. In this study, analysis has been done to help out the researcher and policy makers to take decisions regarding future initiatives and programs. In India during 2017-18 pulses were grown over an area of 29.99 million hectare producing 25.23 million tones with yield of 841 kg / per hectare. The cropping area of pulses in Haryana as compared to India is almost decreasing. The trend of contribution of pulses by Haryana at national level is also decreasing which reduces from 0.10 million tons in 2000-01 to 0.06 million tons in 2016-17. In India, about 5.63 to 10.90 percent share of food grains production is of pulses. The percentage growth rate in the cropped area as well as in production of total pulses in India shows much fluctuation but serious downfall in case of Haryana. The present study tries to review and analyze the current policy environment and suggests ways and means to improve the pulses production scenario in the country and Haryana as well. It advocates the need to diversify from cereal–based cropping systems to pulses-based cropping system with certain policy decisions like crop diversification, improving seed replacement rate, improved crop production techniques etc. This paper analyses status of pulse crop in India as a whole and Haryana in particular along with paradigm shift required in policy decision, pulse research, technology generation & dissemination, commercialization along with capacity building of farmers and frontier areas of research & extension.

Effects of different dietary supplementation of plant carotenoids on growth, coloration and behaviour of giant gourami, Trichogaster fasciata (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)

Effects of different dietary supplements of plant carotenoid sources on growth, coloration and behavioural activities of Trichogaster fasciata were carried out. Three groups of fish were fed with petal powder of rose (Rosa chinensis), China rose (Hibiscus rosasinensis) and marigold (Tagetes erecta) separately as carotenoid source along with the same basic ingredients for 90 days. The mean final weight of marigold petal powder fed group was significantly different (p <0.05) from other groups after 90 days of the experiment. The absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, weight gain percent and specific growth rate were highest in the group of fish fed with marigold petal powder while feed conversion ratio was lowest in this group. Carotenoid content in the tissue of different groups of the fish was found to be significantly different (p <0.0001). Marigold petal powder was most effective to enhance the pigmentation and coloration in the different color zones (color of eye and opercular ocellus, jugular darkening, anal, ventral and dorsal fin color etc.) of the skin of T. fasciata. Pigmentation affected the behavioural activities of the fish where male aggression and selection of males by females was high in the group fed with marigold petal powder. No significant difference was observed in the social interactions and habitat preference.

Analisis Laju Pertumbuhan Dan Efektifitas Penerimaan Retrisubi Pengujian Kendaraan Bermotor Pada Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Malang

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Implementation of this research aims to analyze the rate of growth and effectiveness of the acceptance&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; of the test retribution of motor vehicles (PKB) at the District Transportation Service Malang in 2015 to 2019. In this study techniques in collecting data IE primary data and secondary data. Based on the results of documentation, interviews and observations on the Transportation Service Department of Motor vehicle testing&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;. Based on the results of research that has been done shows the level of growth of motor vehicle testing in Malang district from 2015 to 2019 with an average of 6.83% (positive category). Percentage rate of growth in the matrix of potential retribution of motorised vehicle test is included in the prime category so that it becomes the mainstay sector for Malang Regency government. As well as belonging to the developing category because of its potential contribution to increased growth rate (positive). Calculation results at the level of effectiveness during the year 2015 to 2019 shows an average of 102.19%. Percentage level of effectiveness demonstrated the performance of the district government of Malang in the Department of Transportation in receipt of the test retribution of motor vehicles, including the category is very effective on every duty and capable of management and managing the acceptance of the test retribution of motor vehicles.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Keywords;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; Growth Rate; Effectiveness; Motorized Vehicle Testing Levies&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;

The Optimal Threshold of Tax Revenue for Economic Growth: An Investigation into the ASEAN 5+1 Countries

Purpose: This paper aims to test how tax revenue affects Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, the Philippines, and Vietnam. Design/Methodology/Approach: The dependent variable is the annual percentage growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP). The independent variable is the government’s total tax revenue to gross domestic product (TAX). The control variable is the total government expenditure to gross domestic product (GOV) with the panel data collected over the period 2008-2017 and analyzed according to the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM). Next, based on the theoretical framework of the nonlinear relationship between tax revenue and economic growth, the researchers conducted the derivation of the quadratic equation based on TAX's variable to determine the extreme point (the optimal threshold of tax revenue). Findings: The research results show that tax revenue has a positive impact on the economic growth in the selected countries, while government expenditure harms these countries' economic growth. Moreover, the optimal threshold of tax revenue found in this study is 15.33%, through which tax revenue harms economic growth. This new finding of this paper will add more empirical evidence to help the ASEAN 5+1 countries plan to develop and adjust tax policies in the coming period to ensure that tax policies have a positive impact on economic growth. Practical Implications: The research results bring practical and meaningful value to the ASEAN-5 countries and Vietnam. Originality/Value: The paper shows that tax revenue has a nonlinear impact on economic growth. Thereby, the researchers determined the optimal threshold of tax revenue of 15.33%.

Influence of graded level of dietary protein with equated level of limiting amino acids on growth, feed utilization, body indices and nutritive profile of snubnose pompano, Trachinotus blochii (Lacepede, 1801) reared in low saline water

An experiment was conducted to delineate the effect of varying level of dietary protein with balanced level of limiting amino acids such as lysine and methionine on growth, feed utilization, body indices and digestive enzymology of snubnose pompano, Trachinotus blochii reared in low saline water. There were four experimental diets formulated with 350 (CP350), 400 (CP400), 450 (CP450) and 500 g/kg (CP500) crude protein and each with 100 g/kg crude fat and were assigned to four treatments, CP350, CP400, CP450 and CP500 respectively. Totally eighty four fingerlings with the body weight in the range of 16−18 g were randomly distributed in four treatment groups with each of three replicates. Fish were fed to apparent satiation twice daily with the assigned experimental diet. At the end of 13 weeks of feeding trial, weight gain percentage (WG%) and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish fed with CP400 and CP450 diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed with CP350 and CP500 diets. Growth rate on metabolic body weight (GRMBW), daily growth coefficient (DGC) and average daily growth (ADG) were higher in CP400 group and lower in CP350 group. The viscerosomatic index (VSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), gastrosomatic index (GSI) and intra-peritoneal fat ratio (IPFR) showed an increasing trend as the crude protein content of the experimental diet increases and the maximum value was witnessed in CP500 treatment. Crude lipid and protein content of whole body tissue was found highest in CP400 and lowest level was noticed in CP350 group. The maximum intestinal protease activity was noticed in CP400 group. In conclusion, analysis of second degree polynomial regression revealed that the optimum dietary protein level could be in the range of 395.3–426.7 g/kg for maximum growth of juvenile snubnose pompano.

Varietal differences in physiological and biochemical responses to salinity stress in six finger millet plants.

Finger millet is an important cereal that is grown in semi-arid and arid regions of East-Africa. Salinity stress is a major environmental impediment for the crop growth and production. This study aimed to understand the physiological and biochemical responses to salinity stress of six Kenyan finger millet varieties (GBK043137, GBK043128, GBK043124, GBK043122, GBK043094, GBK043050) grown across different agroecological zones under NaCl-induced salinity stress (100, 200 and 300mM NaCl). Seeds were germinated on the sterile soil and treated using various concentrations of NaCl for 2weeks. Early-seedling stage of germinated plants were irrigated with the same salt concentrations for 60days. The results indicated depression in germination percentage, shoot and root growth rate, leaf relative water content, chlorophyll content, leaf K+ concentration, and leaf K+/Na+ ratios with increased salt levels and the degree of increment differed among the varieties. On the contrary, the content of proline, malonaldehyde, leaf total proteins, and reduced sugar increased with increasing salinity. At the same time, the leaf Na+ and Cl- amounts of all plants increased substantially with increasing stress levels. Clustering analysis placed GBK043094 and GBK043137 together and these varieties were identified as salt-tolerant based on their performance. Taken together, our findings indicated a significant varietal variability for most of the parameters analysed. The superior varieties identified could be used as promising genetic resources in future breeding programmes directed towards development of salt-tolerant finger millet hybrids. Further analysis at genomic level needs to be undertaken to better understand the genetic factors that promote salinity tolerance in finger millet.

Changing crop concentration and agricultural efficiency: A study in West Bengal, India

In India, increasing scarcity of agricultural land is a major problem. The same result also has found in West Bengal, an agriculture leading state of eastern India. In 2000–01 total Net Cropped Area (NCA) was 5417.38 thousand hectares and in 2014–15 it declined to 5238.39 thousand hectares in this state. On the other hand, between 2001 and 2011 census year, the total population of the state increased at 13.84 percent growth rate. It means population and NCA are moving towards the opposite direction in the national level as a whole and particularly in this state. In this situation, it is necessary to increase the agricultural output per unit area to feed all. Regional identification of dominant crops applying crop concentration method and measurement of the agricultural performance through agricultural efficiency index would be the first step to overcome this situation. From this perspective, the study mainly focused on the spatio-temporal changes of crop concentration and agricultural efficiency in West Bengal between 2000–01 and 2014–15 agricultural years using Bhatia’s (Econ Geogr 41:39–56, 1965 and Econ Geogr 43:244–260, 1967) formula. In addition, the study aimed to find the suitable crop combination for each of the districts using Weaver’s (Geogr Rev 44:175–200, 1954) formula. Result of the study indicating the presence of wide spatio-temporal variation of crop concentration and agricultural efficiency in both the agricultural period among the districts of the state. Significant negative as well as positive temporal changes have accounted within the gap of fifteen agricultural years. Regional variation of crop combination over time also came in light.

El modelo del ciclo de vida del producto desde una perspectiva en las ventas del periodo 2016 – 2018 en el sector calzado de la ciudad de Ambato

Plasticaucho S.A is a company dedicated to the manufacture and commercialization of footwear, being one of the biggest footwear companies in the province of Tungurahua, satisfying its customers under strict quality processes, thanks to this the company is recognized at a national level under product lines, areas and commercial channels. For this reason, the following research work emphasizes a model of population growth based on the life cycle of the product that responded to a quantitative approach, not an experimental one of longitudinal character and relational reach, including the description of the participants, the design of the study and the evaluation instrument. It was sought to nuance: 1) to locate the lines of products according to the CVP; 2) to classify the commercial zones; 3) to identify the participation of the distribution channels. To reach these elements, we explored the sales budget (pairs), seasonality (months) and the 10 percent growth rate. The sales reports for the years 2016, 2017 and 2018 were used to develop the logistical model for population growth, thus demonstrating the approval of the limited life of the products and the seasonality of sales with the calculation of the Fisher coefficient with a result of: 0.08338, which helped to locate in which stage of the CVP each line, zone and commercial channel is located, attaching the stage of turbulence in the study as an emphasis for decision making. After the study carried out in the company Plasticaucho S.A, it is suggested that in the school, relax and sports footwear, the innovation of designs with avant-garde products should be promoted as a market demand and new marketing strat

Global research trends in complex oral sensitivity disorder: A systematic bibliometric analysis of the framework.

A systematic bibliometric analysis was performed to investigate trends in complex oral sensitivity disorder (COSD) research worldwide and compare the contributions of different countries/institutions, scientific journals, authors, keywords, and citations. Web of Science database from 1985 to 2018 was systematically searched to identify all relevant articles using the MeSH terms "complex oral sensitivity disorder" and all synonyms used in the literature. We included original articles, review articles, letters to the editor, and book chapters in the English language and in 27 different ISI categories of medical sciences. Several bibliometric indicators were used. We identified 10633 articles, of which only 3349 were eligible with only 443 being included for quantitative analyses. The annual percentage growth rate for article publication was 9.16 fractionalized articles with the most productive countries (reported only in 428 out of 443 articles) being Italy (n=66, 15.42%) followed by USA (n=61, 14.25%) and with Italy achieving the greatest number of citations (n=1415). Similarly, the most productive institution for article publication was the University of Turku, Finland, with 39 (8.8%) published articles. Among the top 20 departments, 15 were affiliated with dental institutions. The most productive source was "Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine" with 38 (8.58%) articles, whereas the most productive author was "Lopez-Jornet P" with 19 articles (6.52 fractionalized articles). There is an increasing trend for publications on COSD. Collaboration among different countries must improve in order to implement research on this disorder, which seems to be mainly a condition for the dental discipline.