Percent Reduction In Diameter Research Articles

Organ-specific and tumor-size-dependent responses to sunitinib in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

BackgroundTyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been used as standard therapy for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, information on factors predicting response to treatment with TKIs is lacking. This study aimed to assess the association between initial tumor size, involved organs, pre-treatment C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and reduction in tumor size in patients with clear cell RCC (CCRCC) treated with sunitinib.MethodsPatients with advanced CCRCC with target lesions with a maximum diameter ≥ 10 mm treated with sunitinib were evaluated. The tumor diameter representing the best overall response was designated as the post-treatment tumor diameter.ResultsA total of 179 lesions in 38 patients were analyzed. Organ-specific analysis demonstrated that pre-treatment diameter of lung metastatic lesions had a moderate inverse association with percent reduction in post-treatment tumor diameter (R = 0.341). Lung lesions showed significantly greater percent reductions in diameter than liver and kidney lesions (P = 0.007 and 0.002, respectively). Furthermore, based on a CRP cut-off level of 2.0 mg/dl, mean tumor size reduction was significantly greater in patients with low CRP levels than in patients with high CRP levels in lesions with diameters < 20 mm (P = 0.002). CRP level had no effect on mean size reduction in lesions with a diameter ≥ 20 mm.ConclusionsPatients with CCRCC with smaller lung metastatic lesions and lower CRP levels may achieve greater percent reductions in tumor size with sunitinib therapy than patients with extra-pulmonary lesions, large lung lesions, and/or higher CRP levels.

The Quality Characteristics of Soy Wan-Jas Made with Different Proteolytic Enzyme Treated Textured Soy Proteins

This study examined the solubility, emulsifying activity, and electrophoresis patterns of textured soy protein (TSP) treated with different enzymes and enzyme hydrolysis times, along with the quality characteristics of soy wan-jas made from the different enzyme treated TSP. Solubility and emulsifying activity were greater in a Protamex® 20 minute-treated group compared to a Flavourzyme® 20 minute-treated group. With regard to electrophoresis patterns, 11S globulins were decomposed by the Protamex® treatments but not by the Flavourzyme® treatments. The cooking yields of the soy wan-jas were higher than those of beef wan-ja. Furthermore, the cooking yields of the Flavourzyme® treated groups were higher than those of the Protamex® treated groups, and cooking yields increased as hydrolysis time increased. When the wan-jas were cooked, the beef wan-ja had a higher percent reduction in diameter compared to the soy wan-jas, but the thickness of the beef wan-ja was greatly increased. The chewiness of the soy wan-jas was higher than that of the beef wan-ja, since the soy wan-jas had higher cohesiveness and springiness and lower hardness. The flavor, chewing property, and overall quality of the Flavourzyme® 20 minute-treated group were similar to those of the beef wan-ja. The Protamex® treated groups, however, were evaluated as being the least desirable. In conclusion, Flavourzyme® treatment for 20 minutes increased the solubility and emulsifying activity of textured soy proteins, but did not decompose 11S globulins. Thus, the cooking yields of the soy wan-jas increased, percent reductions in diameter and thickness were low, and texture and sensory characteristics were improved.

Physiologic-Angiographic Correlates of Coronary Arterial Stenoses in Resting and Intensely Vasodilated States

The treatment of ischemic heart disease is dependent upon defining the physiologic significance of coronary arterial stenoses demonstrated on coronary arteriograms. Accordingly, physiologic--angiographic correlates were studied in 12 anesthetized dogs prepared with an electromagnetic flowmeter and micrometer-controlled occluder on the circumflex coronary artery, a pair of sonic crystals in the myocardium within the distribution of the circumflex artery, and a catheter in the thoracic aorta. Measurement of arterial diameters on coronary arteriograms was made to define the minimum percent stenosis that caused: (1) decrease in resting coronary blood flow (CBFr); decline in the peak level of coronary blood flow (CBF) produced by intense vasodilatation induced by intracoronary infusion of ATP (CBFATP); and (3) segmental left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. CBFR decreased at an average stenosis of 80.45 +/- 9.13% (SD) (percent reduction in luminal diameter), while CBFATP declined at a stenosis of 31.83 +/- 5.64%. Segmental LV dysfunction was observed at a stenosis of 85.92 +/- 9.83%. In all dogs, the initial stenosis causing decline in CBFATP was a less than or equal to 40% reduction in luminal diameter. The results of this study indicate that coronary arterial stenoses of 40% or less may be hemodynamically significant under situations of augmented CBF. On the other hand, regional contractile function at rest is preserved up to stenosis in excess of 80%.