Percentage Of Overweight Research Articles

Overweight in Relation to Dental Caries in Primary and Permanent Teeth among Children Aged 7-9 years in Wassit Governorate- Iraq

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between overweight and dental caries in primary and permanent teeth among Iraqi children aged 7-9 years of both genders in Wassit Governorate . The sample was collected during a period started from 1/ September to 1/November 2010. The weight and height of children were measured using Electronic Body Scale and BMI was calculated to each child in this study. In the present study, it was found that percent of overweight and obesity was 6% and it increased with age. Results showed the mean of DMFT for overweight children was (1.4±1.38) while for normal weight children was (1.29±1.42) and the mean of dmft for overweight children was (4.52 ± 2.51) compared to (4.27 ± 2.56) for normal weight school children. In addition, it was found that prevalence of dental caries in overweight children was 100% and 60% for primary and permanent dentitions, respectively and the prevalence in normal weight was 92.8% and 53.6% for primary and permanent dentitions, respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant association between overweight and dental caries in primary and permanent teeth. It was concluded that overweight school children had higher mean dental caries scores( DMFT and dmft) and higher prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth than normal weight school children but there was no significant association between overweight and dental caries prevalence and severity.

Pandemic changes in work, rest, physical activity and diet versus nutritional status of respondents

The aim of the study was to determine how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the nutritional status of the respondents through changes in work mode, physical activity and diet among residents of the Tarnów region.
 Material and methods. The study was conducted using the diagnostic survey method, and the tool was the author's questionnaire. The study was conducted in January-February 2022, using the Google Forms platform. In total, data were collected from 414 people. The questionnaires were filled out mostly by women (67.9% vs. 32.1%). The average age of respondents was 31.9 years (±13.52).
 Results. Those who worked remotely and in hybrid mode had the highest percentages declaring an increase in food intake during the COVID-19 pandemic (65.0% and 59.7%, respectively). The highest percentages of those who indicated a deterioration in the quality of their food intake were those who worked remotely (60.0%) and hybrid job (45.5%), while those who did not work were the group that most often among the others indicated an improvement in the quality of their food (23.4%). Respondents with remote and hybrid jobs were the most likely to report a reduction in their activity level (72.5% and 58.4%, respectively). Considering the BMI of those surveyed before the COVID-19 pandemic and now, there is an apparent decrease in the percentage of those with a normal BMI in favor of overweight and obesity.
 Conclusions. During the COVID-19 pandemic period, the percentages of overweight and obese people increased. People working remotely and in hybrid mode not only increased the amount of food they consumed, but also began to consume lower-quality products, as well as more often reporting reduced levels of physical activity.

7676 Association between BMI and Race and Positive Pathological Confirmation of Endometriosis Lesions

<h3>Study Objective</h3> To compare the association between BMI and race and the pathologically confirmed positivity rate of endometriosis lesions. <h3>Design</h3> Retrospective cohort study. <h3>Setting</h3> University teaching hospital. <h3>Patients or Participants</h3> All women above 18 years-old who underwent laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis at tertiary care hospital from October 2011 to October 2020 were screened for inclusion. Patients who underwent open surgery or whose primary indication for surgery was not endometriosis were excluded. Procedures performed by non-gynecologic surgeons were also excluded. A total of 401 patients were included in the study. BMI was defined by WHO standards with race categorization obtained from previously available demographic data. <h3>Interventions</h3> N/A. <h3>Measurements and Main Results</h3> Patients were classified as having reached or not having reached 80% positivity in pathological confirmation of endometriosis lesions. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to assess statistically significant differences. Among patients of white race (n=266), 74.1% reached an 80% positivity rate, compared to 70.9% and 50% in the African American and Hispanic patient groups, respectively (p=0.04). A total of 147 (36.7%) patients comprised the normal BMI subgroup, of which 68.7% reached 80% positivity rate. In comparison, the percentage of overweight and obese women who reached 80% positivity rate were 74.5% and 74.1% respectively (p=0.72). Among patients with preoperative diagnosis of adenomyosis, 68.2% had 80% or more pathological positivity rate compared 72.8% of patients without adenomyosis. (p=0.52). <h3>Conclusion</h3> In this retrospective study, statistically significant racial disparities were still found in regards to pathological positivity rate for endometriosis. Future prospective studies are needed to further investigate this finding. BMI subgroups or adenomyosis diagnosis did not show any significant differences in positivity rate.

The influence of perinatal maternal exposure to dibutyl phthalate on glucolipid metabolism in adult female offspring

BackgroundMaternal exposure to dibutyl phthalate (DBP) may result in obesity in female offspring. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Materials and methodsSprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with different doses of DBP and corn oil from gestational day 7 until the end of lactation. The weights, visceral fat percentage, serum lipid, insulin and glucose, protein levels of PI3K signal pathway in muscle were detected in F1 female offspring. ResultsAlthough the birth weight of F1 female offspring was not different among groups, the weights were heavier in DBP groups from postnatal day 7 to adult (P < 0.001). The visceral adipose percentage in adult female offspring was increased by perinatal exposure to DBP (P < 0.001). Decreased serum level of triglyceride (P = 0.001) in F1 female offspring was found in DBP group as compared to control, especially in medium and high DBP. However, none difference was found for fasting glucose, prolactin, HOMA-IR, fasting insulin, total cholesterol, adiponectin. Different protein levels of GPR30 were observed in muscle of female offspring among four groups (P = 0.016). The protein level of AKT seemed higher in DBP group but without statistical significance (P = 0.05). None difference was observed for the protein levels of PI3K, p-AKT, pAKT/AKT, PTEN, GLUT4, InsR, IRS. ConclusionMaternal perinatal exposure to DBP might induce obesity and accumulation of visceral adipose tissue for the adult female offspring. Serum glucolipid and local signal transduction of PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway in muscle were not adversely affected by perinatal exposure to DBP for adult female offspring.

Daytime sleepiness, addictive-like eating, and obesity sequelae in Black and African American youth with obesity

ObjectivesThe purpose of the current study was to examine the association between poor sleep health (ie, excessive daytime sleepiness), obesity sequelae (ie, percent overweight and serum leptin levels), and addictive-like eating behaviors, an obesity phenotype, in a sample of Black/African American (B/AA) adolescents. DesignThe current study analyzed archival baseline data from a sample of B/AA adolescents with obesity enrolled in a sequential randomized clinical trial. SettingData were collected in the participants’ homes by trained research assistants unaware of treatment condition. ParticipantsA sample of 181 B/AA adolescents with obesity between the ages of 12 and 16 years (M = 14.26, SD = 1.46) and having a body mass index (BMI) above the 95th percentile for age and gender were sampled. MeasurementsSelf-report measures included the Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Questionnaire and the Yale Food Addiction Scale-Children (YFAS-C). Anthropomorphic data and blood samples were used to determine BMI and serum leptin levels, respectively. ResultsExcessive daytime sleepiness was positively correlated with YFAS-C symptom count, r = 0.295, P < .001. Serum leptin levels and percent overweight were both positively correlated with each other, r = 0.445, P < .001 and with YFAS-C symptom count, r = 0.215, P = .006. After controlling for age and gender, results supported an indirect effect from daytime sleepiness to both serum leptin levels (estimate = 2.210, SE = 0.932, P = .018) and percent overweight (estimate = 2.817, SE = 1.415, P = .046) through YFAS-C symptom count. ConclusionsCulturally informed interventions on eating behaviors (ie, addictive-like eating) when excessive daytime sleepiness is reported are needed. Early intervention may help prevent the onset or worsening of obesity among adolescents.

Short sleep duration at night in 2.5-year-old children is associated with childhood obesity at age 5.5 years: The Japanese children cohort study

BackgroundObesity in children contributes to higher risks of various chronic diseases in adulthood and the prevalence has increased worldwide including Japan. ObjectivesThis study aims to examine the association between sleep duration at night in children aged 2.5 years and the subsequent risk of obesity at age 5.5 years. MethodsThis study is embedded in the Longitudinal Survey on Babies Born in the 21st Century, which recruited families who had a child born in Japan in 2001. The multivariable logistic regression models were applied to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) of childhood obesity at 5.5 years, defined as percentage of overweight (POW) ≥ 20 % and body mass index (BMI) ≥ 95th percentile of this study population according to sleep duration at night collected at 2.5 years child age. ResultsAmong 25,378 children, 2.6 % and 3.7 % were obese at age 5.5 years defined by POW and BMI respectively. Compared with night sleep duration > 11 h/d, shorter sleep durations in 2.5 years-old children were associated with higher risk of obesity at 5.5 years; the multivariable ORs (95 %CI) were 1.05 (0.81–1.35), 1.23 (0.93–1.62) and 1.54 (1.04–2.31) for sleep duration 10, 9 and ≤ 8 h/d, respectively; p-trend = 0.03. The observed association differed according to the children (child’s sex, napping habits, and children frequently play at park), and family characteristics (mother’s age at delivery and mother’s level of education). ConclusionShort night sleep duration among girls aged 2.5 years was associated with risk of obesity at age 5.5 years, suggesting the importance of sufficient sleep duration at night for the prevention of obesity.

The association between dietary inflammatory index, dietary antioxidant index, and mental health in adolescent girls: an analytical study

BackgroundDiet is considered as one of the modifiable factors that appears to exert a vital role in psychological status. In this way, we designed this study to examine the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII), dietary antioxidant index (DAI), and mental health in female adolescents.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 364 female adolescents selected from high schools in the five regions of Tabriz, Iran. A 3-day food record was used to extract the dietary data and calculate DII/DAI scores. DII and DAI were estimated to assess the odds of depression, anxiety, and stress based on the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21. Adjusted relationships of the DII and DAI with depression, anxiety, and stress were determined using multiple regression after adjusting for age, energy intake, BMI, family income and mother and father education. Overweight was defined as body mass index (BMI)-for-age > + 1 z-score relative to world health organization standards.ResultsDepression, anxiety, and stress were observed in 21.4%, 26.6%, and 25.7% of subjects, respectively. The percentage of overweight among adolescents was 19.4%. The association between DII and score of mental health profile was positive among subjects in the third tertile of DII compared to subjects in the first tertile. However, this association was not statistically significant after adjusting for confounding variables. Moreover, there was a significant inverse association between DAI and depression and anxiety; and a statistically insignificant association between DAI and stress after adjusting for confounders.ConclusionsOur results highlighted the importance of a healthy and anti-inflammatory diet on mental health in female adolescents. Therefore, modifying unhealthy dietary habits are likely to be effective in the management of psychosocial disorders.

Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking among Professionally Active Adult Population in Poland and Its Strong Relationship with Cardiovascular Co-Morbidities-POL-O-CARIA 2021 Study

Smoking is a leading cause of preventable mortality. It affects both the health and economic situation within societies. The aim of the study is to perform an epidemiological analysis of smoking among professionally active adults in Poland in the years 2016–2020 and its Strong Relationship with Cardiovascular Co-morbidities. The article retrospectively analyzed the records of 1,450,455 who underwent occupational medicine examinations between 2016 and 2020. Statistical analyses performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25 software were performed. In general, irrespective of the year of measurement, 11.6% of women and 17.1% of men declared smoking. After sorting by year of measurement, we found that the percentage of female smokers was decreasing, while that of males remained relatively consistent. In the case of BMI, it was found that among tobacco smokers the percentage of people with normal body weight decreases with successive years of measurement, while the percentage of overweight and level I obesity increases. Moreover, we analyzed in detail the occurrence of particular comorbidities in the group of people who declared smoking. The most common diseases in this group were: arterial hypertension (39%), lipid disorders (26.7%), and hypertension and lipid disorders (16.5%). Active preventive measures are necessary to reduce the number of smokers and the negative impact of smoking on the occurrence of comorbid diseases.

A predictive model to estimate fever after receipt of the second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine: An observational cohort study.

Background and AimsFever after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccination is generally a mild and benign event, but can cause excessive anxiety in younger adults. This study aimed to find key factors that include allergic diseases or physique that determine fever after vaccination.MethodsWe conducted an observational cohort study in our hospital to assess post‐COVID‐19 vaccination fever from April to June 2021. A total of 153 medical personnel aged 22–86 years of age were involved in the study to receive two doses, intramuscularly 21 days apart, of the Pfizer‐BioNTech COVID‐19 vaccine (30 μg per dose). Vaccination records were taken more than 72 h after vaccination. Clinical and laboratory variables (age, sex, allergy history, weight, height, serum hemoglobin concentration, and these derivatives) were examined by multivariable logistic regression analysis using the peak axillary temperature in the 4‐day period after the second vaccination as a dependent variable.ResultsNo serious safety problems were detected. The incidence of a postsecond vaccination fever of 37.3°C or above was 29.4%. Logistic regression analysis found age, history of perennial allergic rhinitis, body surface area, body weight, percent overweight, and serum hemoglobin concentration as independent predictors of postvaccination fever. The characteristics of this individual were incorporated into the numerical model of human thermoregulation. The evaluation of this model had a sensitivity of 66.1% and a specificity of 90.7% in the detection of postvaccination fever. The multiple coefficient of determination (R 2) was 0.410.ConclusionThe COVID‐19 vaccine induced higher rates of fever during the 4‐day period after the second vaccination. Younger age, part of the allergy history, small and light body, and concentrated blood were associated with postvaccination fever.

Prevalence of Obesity and Severe Obesity among Professionally Active Adult Population in Poland and Its Strong Relationship with Cardiovascular Co-Morbidities-POL-O-CARIA 2016-2020 Study.

For several decades, a steady increase in the percentage of overweight and obese people has been observed all over the world. There are many studies available in the literature emphasizing the relationship of overweight and obesity with the occurrence of other diseases. The aim of this study is to characterize the prevalence of obesity and severe obesity, as well as their changes over time, among professionally active adults who underwent occupational medicine examinations in Poland in 2016–2020, for the POL-O-CARIA 2016–2020 study. In total, the results of 1,450,455 initial, control and periodic visits as part of the occupational medicine certificate were analyzed. Statistical calculations were performed with the use of IBM SPSS Statistics 25. In both groups (men/women), a significant decrease was observed every year for people who had normal body weight. In addition, the tendency to increase in people with I and III degrees of obesity was more strongly observed in the male group. A significant relationship was also observed between BMI categories and the occurrence of all analyzed comorbidities: hypertension, type 2 diabetes, lipid disorders and coronary artery disease (chi2 (70) = 12,228.11; p < 0.001). Detailed results showed that in the group of patients diagnosed with hypertension or lipid disorders, significant differences were observed between all groups; it turned out that as the BMI level increased (I, I, III), there was an increase in the percentage of occurrence of hypertension (38.1%, 41% and 45.3%, respectively) and type 2 diabetes (3.2%, 4.6% and 5.8%, respectively) (p < 0.001). Our analysis indicates that the prevalence of adult obesity and severe obesity will continue to increase nationwide, with an accompanying large increase in comorbidities.

241-LB: Significant Worsening of Preexisting Obesity in South Texas Children during COVID-19 Lockdown

Background: Obesity has been on the rise for the past several decades, which is associated with increased risk for comorbidities and severe consequences to the individual. In the Mexican American community, obesity has become a serious problem in children. The COVID-19 lockdown order issued in February 2020 caused further challenges for children to engage in regular physical activity. Objective: To determine if the COVID-19 lockdown impacted the weight of 95% Medicaid-insured Mexican American children at a pediatric clinic in South Texas. Design and Methods: We identified 417 new patients from March 2019 to February 2020 (with exclusion of 104 newborns) and followed them until December 2021. Height and weight were measured to estimate Body Mass Index (BMI) . The percentage of overweight or obese (OW/OB) children was calculated at the first and last visit. Results: We had a total of 346 children at the end of the study. The average stature of the whole group was at the 48th percentile with 60% of the children at or below the 50th percentile based on CDC growth charts. Boys increased BMI from the 62.7th to 71.8th percentile (p&amp;lt;0.01) and girls increased from the 60th to the 70th percentile (p&amp;lt;0.02) . The distribution of BMI of the whole group indicated that 34.5% of children were OW/OB on the first visit and 49% were OW/OB at the last visit. Conclusion (s) : Our study exemplifies that the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic, which was associated with decreased physical activity, increased the BMI of children and increased associated comorbidities based on lab values. We have shown in previous studies that when BMI is in the OW/OB category, children have increased blood pressure, decreased high density lipoproteins, elevated liver enzymes, increased insulin resistance, larger kidneys, and fatty liver. These indicators place children at a higher risk for early development of hypertension, renal function decline, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Disclosure F. J. Cervantes: None.

FC 126: Association Between Circulating Levels of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Metalloproteinase-10 (MMP 10) in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) play an important role in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) (1). MMP-10 levels have been shown to increase progressively starting from the early stages of DKD (2). Vitamin D (vitD) deficit is associated with a higher risk of microangiopathy in diabetes. In humans, vitD status correlates inversely with MMP-9 circulating levels and VitD supplementation is associated with a decrease in these levels (3). In vitro, studies demonstrated reduced expression of MMP-10 after an exposure to vitD (4). However, no studies have yet assessed how vitD status is related to MMP-10 circulating levels. We aimed (1) to evaluate the association between the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D3] and MMP-10 in a cohort of type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients and (2) to study a potential effect of chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcr) on this association. METHOD The cross-sectional association between MMP-10 and 25(OH)D3 levels (&amp;gt;30 ng/mL, normal; 20–30 ng/mL, insufficiency; &amp;lt;20 ng/mL, deficiency; and relevant cut-offs 45 and 15 ng/mL) was investigated, by multivariate linear regression analysis after MMP-10 logarithm transformation, in 256 T2D patients recruited (2009–2016) in the Clinica Universidad de Navarra (Spain). Study protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee (2021.183TFG). Covariates were smoking habit, body adiposity percentage estimated by CUN-BAE formula, CKD stage and vitD3 supplement use. Age and sex were already included in the CKD-EPI formula. Interactions and collinearities were also analysed. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA software and two-tailed P-values &amp;lt;0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Characteristics of patients are given in Table 1. VitD deficit was significantly (P &amp;lt;0.001) more prevalent in patients with CKD (61%) compared with those without CKD (40%). MMP-10 showed a significant negative correlation with 25(OH)D3 (rho = –0.246; P &amp;lt;0.001), which remained significant including only CKD patients (rho = –0.283; P &amp;lt;0.001) and stronger above 45 ng/mL (rho = –0.7308, P &amp;lt;0.001) or moderate between 30 and 45 ng/mL (rho = –0.3290, P = 0.0045) (Fig. 1). In the fully adjusted model, MMP-10 was negatively associated (P = 0.019) with severe vitD deficiency [estimated coefficient –0.86 (–0.76 to –0.97)]. There was no interaction between covariates and 25(OH)D levels and collinearities were also discarded. CONCLUSION In T2D patients, circulating MMP-10 was inversely associated with serum 25(OH)D3 levels, especially in those patients with CKD and at the extremes of vitD level range. These results suggest that higher values of 25(OH)D3 should be targeted in these patients. The efficacy of vitD supplementation in reducing circulating MMP-10 levels should be further examined.

390 Adaptation and Evaluation of Guideline-Based Family-Based Behavioral Treatment for Overweight and Obesity in Childhood Survivors of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Childhood survivors of ALL are at considerable risk for late effects which are exacerbated by excess weight. The proposed study involves the adaption and evaluation of the first empirically supported intervention for childhood survivors of ALL that is consistent with all national recommendations for the treatment of childhood obesity. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The proposed intervention will be adapted from family-based behavioral weight loss treatment (FBT) a multicomponent intervention which targets diet, activity, behavioral skills, parenting, and social facilitation among children and their parents. The Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications-Enhanced structure (FRAME), a dissemination and implementation framework, will guide the adaptation, allowing for the incorporation of feedback previously gathered from key stakeholders. A single-arm, non-randomized trial of the adapted intervention will then be conducted to evaluate its acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary indications of efficacy including measures of relative weight change and associated health-related behaviors among 40 childhood ALL survivors and their families. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Self-reported feedback from families at the end of treatment (EoT) is anticipated to demonstrate that this intervention will be regarded as both acceptable and feasible. Other measures of feasibility will include attendance and retention rates, which are expected to reflect to those of previous FBT trials (92% and 85%, respectively). Preliminary indications of the efficacy of the adapted intervention will be investigated through the comparison of a series of measurements taken at both baseline and EoT. Changes in relative weight will be assessed and are expected to meet a previously established range of clinically meaningful reduction in child percent overweight of 9 units or more. Improvements in dietary intake, physical activity, and health related quality of life are also anticipated. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Knowledge gained from the implementation of the first evidence-based intervention adapted for childhood survivors of ALL will be critical to the justification of a larger-scale, randomized controlled trial and holds promise to effectively modify the risk for chronic disease among a vulnerable population.

A comparative analysis of dietary intake and body composition among two ethnically distinct tribal populations from India.

The present paper is an attempt to understand ethnic variations in the association of dietary intake with body composition in two geographically and genetically diverse adult populations, i.e., Santhal, an indigenous group from the plain regions of eastern India and Monpa, an indigenous population from the high-altitude regions of north-eastern India. A total number of 200 adult Monpa and 204 adult Santhal were recruited for the present investigation, which was conducted in phases. Multiple and multivariate regression frameworks were used in the paper to evaluate the influence of dietary intake on body composition. In somatotype, the Santhal were found to be predominantly mesomorphic, whereas the Monpa were predominantly endomorphic, irrespective of their gender. Similarly, significantly (p &lt; 0.001) greater percentages of overweight and obese individuals were found among the Monpa, but not among the Santhal. Despite the fact that both these tribes are engaged in primitive technology-based agriculture that requires a lot of physical labour, such difference in their body composition could be due to fundamental differences in the physical environment and great dietary/nutritional intake. In fact, it was found that Monpa follow a daily diet that is highly rich in dairy fat and animal protein, as compared to their counterpart Santhal. Santhal's daily diet generally consists of rice and boil vegetables, with protein consumption as low as once or twice a month. However, despite these differences the paper revealed no significant influence of dietary intake on the body composition of these populations. Hence, an adaptive approach is proposed to understand the substantial proportion of body composition variations in these two ethnically diverse populations.

Nutritional status of patients according to the stage of chronic renal failure

Introduction. In Burkina Faso, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem due to its increasing prevalence, severity and the high cost of treatment. Aim. The aim of this study was to describe nutritional status of subjects diagnosed with severe and moderate stages of chronic renal insufficiency, followed in nephrology consultation at the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital Center (YO-UHC) of Ouagadougou. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over a period of eight months and included 75 patients in total. The social-demographic parameters were determined on the basis of the patients' declaration and the use of their medical records. Biological parameters were collected from the results of laboratory examinations performed by each patient. The nutritional status of the patients was assessed by the anthropometric method. Finally, all patients were asked about their dietary habits and lifestyle using the 24-hour recall method. Results. Our results revealed a male predominance, out of the total number of patients included. The percentage of men and women was 54.70% and 45.30% respectively with a sex (male/female) ratio of 1.20. The average of Body Mass Index was 24.79 Kg/m2. The percentage of overweight and obesity of women was 64.71% compared to 26.83% for men. The proportion of women with severe chronic kidney disease (58.82%) was twice as high as that of men (29.27%), (P&lt;0.05). The average waist circumference of the subjects aged 30-39 years was significantly lower than that of the subjects aged 60-85 years. So, average hip circumference was 93.77 cm, with a significant difference according to sex (P&lt;0.05). The prevalence of hyperglycaemia and diabetes increased with age. Hyperglycaemia in the 40-49 age group was increased significantly from 16.67% to 26.67% in the 70-85 age group (P&lt;0.05). Diabetes in the 50-59 age group was 10% and doubled in the 70-85 age group (P&lt;0.05). A percentage of 67.99% of the patients had a history of hypertension in either first-degree relatives or collaterals. The highest proportion was found in the hypertensive collaterals (37.33%; P=0.059). This study revealed a low level of physical activity among all patients. Only 38.67% of the patients practiced regular physical activity. There was no significant association between the level of physical activity and the stage of renal failure. Conclusion. Knowledge of nutritional status is a crucial part of better nutritional management of CKD patients. Finally, previous studies on the dietary habits of patients suffering from CKD will allow a better understanding of their nutritional status for a better management according to the stage of progression of the disease.

Lipid and anthropometric profiles and physical condition of university dancers

Objective: compare the lipid and anthropometric profiles and physical condition of dancers from two dance groups (folk and modern dance). Methods/statistical analysis: the study evaluated the anthropometric measurements and lipid profile of the members of both dance groups, according to the guidelines of the International Society for the Advancement in Kineanthropometry (ISAK). To determine strength, velocity, and flexibility, different tests were applied; to establish lipid profile, commercial kits were used. Findings: the population had normal lipid profile ranges. With respect to the anthropometric profile, it was found that adipose percentage averages were above those considered normal for the general population. Physical condition was better in Afro-descendant dancers. Conclusion: the different dance types in this study showed beneficial effects on the anthropomorphic, conditional, and lipid variables of the dancers.

Projecting National-Level Prevalence of General Obesity and Abdominal Obesity Among Chinese Adults With Aging Effects.

ObjectivesTo explore the impact of population aging on the projected prevalence of obesity among Chinese adults in 2030.MethodsIn total, 71450 observations were extracted from the China Health and Nutrition Survey between 1991 and 2015.Population was projected to 2030 using a Bayesian hierarchical modeling method. Two different approaches were adopted to estimate and project the national prevalence of overweight/obesity from 1991 to 2030. One method assumed a constant population at the base year, while the other allowed the age and gender distributions vary in each year.ResultsOur projection indicated that approximately two-thirds of Chinese adults would be affected by overweight/general obesity in 2030, and more than 60% of Chinese adults will suffer from abdominal obesity in 2030. Ignoring population aging led to an underestimation of overweight, general obesity and abdominal obesity for women by 3.81, 0.06, and 3.16 percentage points (pp), and overweight and abdominal obesity among men by 1.67 and 0.53 pp, respectively; but the prevalence of general obesity among men will be overestimated by 2.11 pp. Similar underestimations were detected in the estimation from 1991 to 2015.ConclusionsEstimating and projecting the national prevalence of obesity using a constant population structure at the base line would cause significant underestimation if countries are undergoing rapid population aging.

Comparison of Nutritional Status of Adolescent Girls in Nutrition Intervention and Non- Intervention Area

Background: Adolescence is growing period when requirements for all nutrients increase. Hence, it is essential to improve nutritional status through nutrition interventions. Addressing the nutritional needs of adolescents could be an important step towards breaking the vicious cycle of intergenerational malnutrition. Objective: To assess and compare nutritional status of adolescent school girls in nutritional intervention and non-intervention area. Methods: A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted at Laxmipur sadar upazila as nutrition intervention area &amp; neighboring Chatkhil upazila as non–nutrition intervention area. A total of 367 adolescent girls of age 10-19 years were selected purposively of them 177 and 190 were selected from intervention and non-intervention area respectively. Anthropometric data of the study subjects were collected by using standard techniques. Body mass index (BMI) and anemia were classified according to WHO cut off levels. Food intake pattern was observed by using seven days food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Results: The mean age(±SD) years of adolescent girls was 14.29±0.97 (yrs) in intervention and 14.55±1.23 (yrs) in non-intervention area. .Among the adolescents, the proportion of under nutrition was significantly higher in the non-intervention area compare to intervention area (64% vs 47.5%, p&lt;0.001). In the intervention area about 46% girls had normal BMI where as in the non-intervention area only 27% girls had normal BMI. The percentage of overweight was similar in both the areas. Anemia was significantly higher in non-intervention area (p&lt;0.001). Highly significant association was found between father education and mother occupation with BMI (p=0.047) and (p=0.001) in intervention area. Strong significant association was found between education and occupation of mother with BMI (p=0.001) in non-intervention area. Conclusion: This study concludes that nutritional status was better in nutrition intervention area than non-intervention area so community-based nutrition intervention is effective for better nutritional status of adolescent girls.

Associations between country-level macroeconomic factors and the double burden of malnutrition

Given its widespread incidence and enormous costs for health and the economy in contemporary society, the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) remains a top priority public health challenge,1 particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) that have witnessed rising percentages of overweight and obesity in the past two decades while still battling the undernutrition problem.2 In this issue of The Lancet Global Health, a study by Paraskevi Seferidi and colleagues3 provides important insights in building the relevant knowledge base that can help to better address this DBM challenge.

Influence of Geographical Area and Living Setting on Children's Weight Status, Motor Coordination, and Physical Activity.

This study was aimed (i) to examine the effect of living setting (rural vs. urban), geographical area (North vs. Center vs. South), and gender (boys vs. girls) on weight status, motor coordination, and physical activity (PA) level of Italian school-age children; (ii) to examine differences in the neighborhood walkability of different school areas from different geographical areas and living settings; and (iii) to examine whether motor coordination, PA level, geographical areas, living setting, neighborhood walkability, and gender could predict children's weight status. We assessed anthropometric parameters, gross motor coordination, and PA level in 1,549 children aged between 8 and 13 years. Results revealed that Central children had higher BMI than Northern and Southern children (η2 = 0.01). Moreover, Northern children showed the highest motor quotient (η2 = 0.148) and PA level (η2 = 0.02), followed by Southern and Central children, respectively. Children from the South of Italy attended schools located in neighborhoods with the highest Walk Score®. Urban children attended schools located in neighborhoods with a higher Walk Score® than rural children. Lower motor quotient (MQ), lower PA level, and living in a rural setting and in a car-dependent neighborhood were associated with a higher relative risk for obesity. Being a girl was associated with a lower relative risk for obesity. The alarming high percentage of overweight and obesity in children as well as motor coordination impairments revealed the urgent need of targeted PA interventions in pediatric population.