Percentage Of Young People Research Articles

Irritability in young people with copy number variants associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (ND-CNVs)

A range of rare mutations involving micro-deletion or -duplication of genetic material (copy number variants (CNVs)) have been associated with high neurodevelopmental and psychiatric risk (ND-CNVs). Irritability is frequently observed in childhood neurodevelopmental conditions, yet its aetiology is largely unknown. Genetic variation may play a role, but there is a sparsity of studies investigating the presentation of irritability in young people with ND-CNVs. This study aimed to investigate whether there is a difference in irritability in young people with rare ND-CNVs compared to those without ND-CNVs, and to what extent irritability is associated with psychiatric diagnoses and cognitive ability (IQ). Irritability and broader psychopathology were assessed in 485 young people with ND-CNVs and 164 sibling controls, using the child and adolescent psychiatric assessment. Autism was assessed using the social communication questionnaire, and intelligence quotient (IQ) by the Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence. Fifty four percent of young people with ND-CNVs met the threshold for irritability; significantly more than controls (OR = 3.77, CI = 3.07–7.90, p = 5.31 × 10−11). When controlling for the presence of other psychiatric comorbidities, ND-CNV status was still associated with irritability. There was no evidence for a relationship between irritability and IQ. Irritability is an important aspect of the clinical picture in young people with ND-CNVs. This work shows that genetic variation is associated with irritability in young people with ND-CNVs, independent of psychiatric comorbidities or IQ impairment. Clinicians should be aware of this increased risk to inform management and interventions.

Assessment of the relationship between regional variability in the level of education and population income: application of multivariate comparative analysis

Motivation: The relationship between the level of education and population income lies at the heart of current scientific and political debates on the social and economic development of countries. The issue is an important one, as the gap between countries in this regard is large and has widened even further amid the current economic crisis that started in 2020 and is a result of, among others, the Covid-19 pandemic.Aim: The present article aimed to undertake a multivariate comparative analysis of population level of education (EL) and income (IL), construct synthetic measures of the phenomena under study, rank and classify the objects/countries studied, and investigate whether significant interdependencies exist between the level of education and income inequality. Additionally, an effort was made to determine the scale of changes and variability in the phenomena explored, both prior (before 2020) to and during the economic crisis (years 2020–2021).Results: The study confirmed the existence of a significant interdependence between populations’ education level (EL) and income level (IL) variability across EU regions. The marginalization of and disparity among several of the EU(27) countries has intensified even further during the current economic crisis. Significant correlations exist between countries with high population incomes and the percentages of individuals holding tertiary education qualifications as well as the adults pursuing further education. Concomitantly, as the percentage of young people not in education or employment falls, countries’ GDP and income levels increase, while income inequality and the risk of poverty decrease. The understanding of the aforementioned interdependencies is vital for the implementation of education policy as one of the biggest levers reducing educational disparities and thus income inequality in the population.

Assessing and further developing age-appropriate information for young people about reporting suspected adverse drug reactions.

The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency Yellow Card scheme (YCS) is the UK's system that collects spontaneous reports about suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Reporting of suspected ADRs by young people (age <19 years) in the UK is extremely uncommon, driving efforts to improve awareness and reporting. Quality improvement project, using an anonymous online survey about updated information for young people, distributed through school pupils (age 13-18 years) across the UK through the Alder Hey Research Ambassador programme. Research Ambassadors were recruited in 21 schools and colleges, generating 2933 responses (15 November 2022-08 April 2023); 6.3% of respondents had heard of the YCS, and 0.8% had previously reported a Yellow Card. There were 307 suspected drug-event combinations reported, 36 of which required attendance at hospital. The updated YCS reporting guide was understood by 92.8% of young people, and 90.8% reported knowing more about ADRs after reading the guide. The percentage of young people 'Not comfortable' reporting a suspected ADR decreased from 13.3% (before reading) to 4.1% after reading (P < .000001), and 84.5% of young people reported willingness to report a side effect in the future. The most common comments regarding further improvement of the information were content, or length of the text could be altered in some way (n= 543, 26.1%) and graphic design could be improved (n= 357, 17.2%). The age-appropriate information provided met many of their needs, increasing willingness to report. Integration into existing education curricula in the UK would facilitate knowledge transfer and improve reporting.

HOW IMPORTANT EDUCATION IS? AN EXPLORATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DROPOUT PHENOMENON IN EASTERN EUROPE

Early school leaving is a structural problem related to the socioeconomic environment involving aspects of local culture and customs that characterize a country. If not controlled, with the intent of hindering it, this phenomenon can generate unemployment, social exclusion, poverty, health problems and a slowdown in the country’s economic growth. Since education policies are one of the most important concerns of national governments and international organizations, the UN 2030 Agenda, containing the common ambitions of the signatory countries, proposes 17 sustainable development goals and specifically, among these, inclusive and equitable quality education. In some Eastern European countries, the percentage of young people who decide not to continue their studies is really too high, exceeding 10%. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to study the dropout phenomenon in this context. We employ a panel vector autoregressive model in first differences to test complex dynamic relationships between share of the population aged 18 to 24 not involved in any education or training (as a proxy for the dropout phenomenon), GDP per capita (as a proxy for a country’s wealth and industrial modernity), gross domestic expenditure on R&amp;D in higher education (as a proxy for a country’s effort to improve its education system), and share of people reporting crime, violence or vandalism (as a proxy for a country’s social condition). The study concerns 10 Eastern European countries for the period 2000-2021. The results show that the government expenditure in education is negatively related to the dropout rate. Moreover, the increase in the relative number of early school leavers seems to stimulate a worsening in social conditions, with an increase in cases of crime, violence and vandalism. Finally, both an increase in dropouts and a deterioration in social conditions generate negative effects on the well-being of the community and economic growth. Improving the quality of the education system is therefore crucial (this is also confirmed by the variance decomposition analysis), even if it may not be enough: from the impulse response functions analysis, indeed, a shock exerted on the government expenditure on R&amp;D in higher education produces positive effects on the (declining) dropout rate, but only for a short period. Policymakers should therefore make constant efforts to reduce the early school leaving.

Connections associated with a healthy spirituality: are these unrecognized intermediary determinants that shape health inequities in Canadian young people?

BackgroundThe health of adolescents is determined by structural and intermediary factors. Such factors operate through pathways that foster different opportunities to achieve health and wellbeing, contributing to inequities. Past analyses of cross-national adolescent health data show that measures of child spirituality, conceptualized as the strength of the connections in our lives, may operate as intermediary determinants in some Western countries. Inspired by this idea, the current analysis provides an in-depth exploration of such pathways among Canadian adolescents. Our objectives were to confirm the existence of relationships between economic position and seven indicators of adolescent health status, then explore whether any observed inequities could be explained by the strength of connections afforded by a healthy spirituality.MethodsCycle 8 of the Canadian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study was conducted in 2017–18. A school-based sample (n = 18,962) of adolescents was obtained from across Canada following a standard cross-national protocol. Eligible participants completed a general survey about their health, health behaviours and their determinants. Survey data were used to model the potential effect of perceived levels of relative affluence on each of seven health indicators. Comparison of crude and adjusted relative risks estimates from weighted log-binomial regression models provided evidence of indirect mediating effects attributable to each of four domains of spirituality.ResultsAs perceived levels of family affluence increased, the percentages of young people who reported each (7/7) of the negative health outcomes decreased. The spiritual health domain “connections to self” (i.e., the importance of meaning, purpose, joy and happiness in life) mediated the strength of relationships between relative affluence and each (7/7) of the outcomes in boys and girls. “Connections to others” (the importance of kindness, respect and forgiveness) mediated the strength of relationships between relative affluence and each (7/7) of the outcomes among girls. Inconsistent evidence of possible mediation was identified for connections to others in boys, as well as the other two domains of spirituality (connections to nature, then connections to the transcendent) in boys and girls.ConclusionSpecific connections afforded by a healthy spirituality could be intermediary determinants of health in Canadian adolescent populations.

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and viral suppression: Analysis of three periods between 2011 and 2017 at an HIV-AIDS center, Brazil.

The increased effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the last 30years is a scientific landmark, and viral suppression is directly associated with treatment adherence. The aim of this study was to compare the results of ART adherence and viral load suppression with the evolution of the protocols and other associated factors, in people living with HIV. A panel analysis of three descriptive longitudinal studies investigating ART adherence and viral load suppression was conducted in people with HIV treated at a drug dispensing unit in the Federal District. The studies were carried out during periods of 2011, 2013, and 2017, coinciding with the three different recommended treatment schemes for the country. Adherence was assessed using drug dispensing records. Viral load data were obtained from the Ministry of Health's Laboratory Examination Information System. Analysis of the data of 522 individuals in the three periods showed sociodemographic differences such as a decline in the percentage of women (from 33% in period 1 to 4% in period 3) and an increase in the percentage of young people. ART adherence was higher in period 2 (tenofovir/lamivudine/efavirenz scheme). Viral load suppression was greater in period 3 (tenofovir/lamivudine/dolutegravir scheme). The relative detectable viral load risk was nearly two-fold higher (RR 1.83) in people living with HIV with less than 80% adherence when compared to those above 80%. With respect to the different schemes recommended in Brazil during the periods studied, ART containing dolutegravir was the most effective in achieving viral load suppression. By contrast, there was better ART adherence in the daily combined fixed dose consisting of tenofovir/lamivudine/efavirenz in tablet form. Adherence to ART above 80% seemed to be enough to promote an effective treatment in therapeutic schemes including efavirenz or dolutegravir.

Vantage Points

Vantage Points

Problems of Formation of Children’s Interest in Sustainable Development

Youth is considered the vanguard of change, building a society of sustainable development. However, sociological surveys show that in our country only a few percent of young people, including schoolchildren, know about the ideas of sustainable development. There are even fewer of them who are ready to do something for sustainable development. At the same time, the number of passive, indifferent to the changes taking place in society, socially apathetic, who are “not interested in anything” is growing. The purpose of the study is to analyze the attitude of teachers to the problem of reducing the cognitive interest of students. Empirical research methods make it possible to collect material indicating that a third of teachers do not pay special attention to the development of curiosity in schoolchildren, the formation of their readiness for socially significant activities. The author substantiates the need to study the state of their interest in learning in general among younger schoolchildren, which determines the cognitive interest in learning and the formation of the motivational sphere of the individual. With insufficient attention of teachers and educators to this problem in elementary school, the risk of a decrease in learning interest and loss of learning motivation in basic school increases; substitution of spiritual needs for material ones; “departure” into the virtual world, and the desire to change reality and the environment for the better do not fall into the sphere of interest of a teenager. The article actualizes the problem of studying by teachers and school psychologists the sphere of interests of younger schoolchildren and the purposeful development of their interest in knowledge, the prospects for the research in the context of a wide range of environmental issues, education of empathy, readiness for empathy and complicity in socially significant matters are outlined. Recommendations are given to elementary school teachers on what signs of the child’s behavior should be paid attention to in time to prevent the development of social apathy in them.

Reports of the Authorized Council for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church in Moscow and the Moscow Region as a Source of Information about Parish Life in the Moscow Diocese in the 1944–1946

The article analyzes information about the parish life of Moscow and the Moscow region churches in the 1944–1946 contained in the reports of the Commissioner for Moscow and the Moscow region of the Council for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church made by A.A. Trushin according to the funds of the&#x0D; Central State Archive of the Moscow region. The paper provides data on the number of churches operating in the first post-war years, as well as on how many churches closed in the 1920s and 1930s were used for economic and cultural&#x0D; needs, which, according to the author, in most cases, contributed to their preservation until the period of mass transfer to the Church. To analyze the changes in the manifestations of popular religiosity in the mid-1940s, information on the attendance of Easter services is taken as a basis,&#x0D; participation in which is considered as an open manifestation by believers of their attitude to the Church. These materials record a steady increase in the number of parishioners during the period under review, not only in Moscow, but also in cit-&#x0D; ies near Moscow and rural parishes of remote areas – Taldomsky, Lukhovitsky, etc. The main reasons for the rise of popular religiosity, according to the author,&#x0D; were the victory in the Great Patriotic War, as well as the expectations of changes in anti-church policy on the part of the state in the USSR that appeared after the&#x0D; meeting of I.V. Stalin with the metropolitans of the Russian Orthodox Church in September 1943. The great interest in the array of documents under consideration&#x0D; is represented by the data on the percentage of young people in the total number of believers and military personnel in the temples

Promising Areas of Cooperation on Digital Security and Media Policy Between Russia and Africa

From the perspective of current political and military confrontation, many world nations are challenged to balance independence and development. It is the digital and informational defense that has raised a special attention when the world market of IT-technologies has been controlled by several big monopolies. Because different countries have faced similar problems in the sphere of digital state policy, the fresh opportunity has emerged for international cooperation that has not yet been critically assessed. Revaluating aspects of informational war in the social domain, the article places a special emphasis on education, public opinion manipulations and youth struggle. These interconnections are urgent for the Russian Federation, as they are for those African nations that have an ever-growing youth burden and national systems of education under constant attempts of reconstruction. Although the development of digital technologies is claimed to be a priority in the development of all spheres of public life in African countries, the current situation in the digital technology market is actually turning into a new kind of dependence. In the field of socio-political destabilization, this can be clearly seen while analyzing the role of social media in organizing socio-political protests in different countries of Africa, when young people become the main object of manipulation in the information space. The growth in the percentage of young people among the population exacerbates many unresolved issues of national educational systems. A decade ago the digitalization of education seemed to be a new hope for Africa. However, in practice, the success of some subsidized digital projects has shown that digitalization cannot replace development of integral education systems and exposes new challenges – access of new technologies for different levels of population, children’s Internet addiction and cyberbullying, the loss of cultural identity because of necessity to follow the requirements of sponsors. Summarizing these problems in different countries of the continent, the article highlights directions of possible cooperation that could contribute to the formation of a sustainable system of informational security including ensuring hardware and software independence, digitalization of public administration, development of alternative digital tools for social interaction, development and support of a digital educational platforms, support for an independent cultural and religious policy, online security for children and teenagers.

The biblical blueprint for marriage and the predicament of polygamy: A narrative review

Polygamy is widespread in Africa, being highest in Burkina Faso (36%), Mali (34%), Gambia (30%), Niger (29%), and Nigeria (28%). 83.39% of traditional societies in the world practice polygyny, while 16.14% practice monogamy. Significant evidence that the Bible presents monogamy as God's blueprint or original plan for marriage exists. Despite this evidence, numerous investigations revealed that the percentage of young people who find polygamy morally acceptable has risen from 9% to 34%, with about 8% of Christians in Nigeria living in polygamous households. This study calls for narrative review, analysis, and synthesis of vast works of literature to delineate important information, insights, symbolism, purpose, and characteristics of God's plan for marriage, in line with The King James Version Bible (2022) adopted as the conceptual framework for this study. The purpose of this study is to present marital monogamy, marriages involving only two people, male and female, as the biblical blueprint for marriage, and to provide a biblical platform for godly inspiration and instruction in righteousness towards adopting godly monogamous marriage as against the numerous ungodly marriages. This study delineated how the Bible can significantly and positively influence choice toward monogamous marriage while x-raying the dilemma of polygamy. The researcher extracted some documentaries from The King James Version Bible and peer-reviewed articles within the last five years from electronic databases, engaging some keywords such as "God's blueprint for marriage", "Polygamous marriages", and "Bible accounts of Polygamy Vs. Monogamy", "Choosing between Polygamy and Monogamy", etc. Results show that God's original intention or blueprint for marriage, according to the Bible was monogamy which encompasses marital monogamy, social monogamy, sexual monogamy, and genetic monogamy, all overlapping. Results also show that God allowed divorce and polygamy because of the hardness of men's hearts, although neither was part of His original plan for marriage. Results and insights from this study may have a positive social impact on marriage, research and innovations, and on the significance, symbolism, purpose, and benefits of monogamous marriage in preference to polygamy.

Mapping Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services and the Interface During Transition to Adult Services in Six Swiss Cantons.

RationaleTransition in psychiatry refers to the period where young people transit from Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) to Adult Mental Health Services (AMHS). Discontinuity of care during this period is well-documented but little is known about provisions and transition characteristics and policies across Switzerland. The aim of this article is to describe the architecture of public mental health providers in Switzerland and compare it to EU countries.MethodTwo mapping surveys, developed previously for European countries, were adapted and sent to cantonal experts: the adapted European CAMHS Mapping Questionnaire (ECM-Q) assessing the architecture and functioning of CAMHS and the adapted Standardized Assessment Tool for Mental Health Transition (SATMeHT) to map CAMHS-AMHS interface.ResultsData were gathered from six cantons. Activity data and transition policies were comparable between Swiss regions and European countries. The percentage of young people below 19 years who were in care was above 2% in every responding canton with a higher proportion of boys than girls for patients <12 years of age. The transition occurred at the age of 18 years, civil majority, in each canton, and between 0 and 24% (3/7) and 25% and 49% (4/7) of young people were expected to transition. One canton (1/7) benefitted from written guidelines, at the CAMHS level only, regarding transition but none had guidelines for mapping CAMHS/AMHS interface even at the regional level.ConclusionDespite the availability of resources and even if the possibilities of access to care are on average higher than in many European countries, issues regarding transition remain comparable in six Swiss cantons when compared to Europe. Meaning that beyond resources, it is the coordination between services that needs to be worked on. Importantly, implementing those changes would not require investing financial resources but rather working on the coordination between existing teams.

Magyar közép- és nagyvárosok versenyképességi tipológiája és humán tőkét vonzó potenciálja

In the context of globalization, cities and metropolitan areas are playing an increasingly important role compared to regions, in parallel with growing urban-rural disparities. In addition to economic factors, social and cultural factors that make a city attractive to young, creative populations play a more important role than ever before. The research attempts to typify the fifty-eight Hungarian middle and large sized cities with more than twenty thousand inhabitants on the basis of their infrastructure, as well as their economic and socio-cultural characteristics. It then presents the behaviour of different city types based on additional variables. Relevant variables were selected by principal component analysis, then the investigated settlements were classified into five clusters based on the four principal components. Also, a secondary analysis has been done to examine correlations between cluster membership and demographic characteristics of the member cities (percentage of young people between 20-39, of the educated population, and of population commuting, population size). Regarding cluster membership along with the rate of young people between 20-39 there was no significant difference. Examining the members of the clusters, it can be seen that Budapest plus its agglomeration have an even greater spatial structural effect than expected. Another important result is that the present cluster analysis shows unquestionably the east-west division of Hungary. However, there are also clear developmental breakdowns along the distribution of past or present industrial production.

The Effect of City Conditions on Youth Violence in Mexico A Spatial Econometric Analysis by Metropolitan Area

Using Mexico’s Social Cohesion Survey for the Prevention of Violence and Crime (ECOPRED 2014) and the Mexican Intercensal Population Survey (CONTEO 2015) this paper analyses the characteristics and environment factors that influence the violent behavior of young people aged 14 to 24 years within the 47 largest Mexican cities. The existence of spatial correlation between Mexican cities is corroborated and after controlling for it, it is found that factors related to addictions (drug use by young people and their families) and a violent environment around the young (being bullied, robbed, or having violent friends, neighbors, coworkers or classmates) are positively related to the percentage of young people who shout, hit objects, hit people, carry weapons, or have been arrested. Public policies to reduce the use of drugs and to improve the environment where young people live, mainly in their neighborhoods, schools and jobs, will have a direct effect on reducing the violent behavior of young people. And given the confirmed existence of spatial effects, coordinated efforts between nearby cities could multiply the impact of such public policies.

Poverty situation, income and population consumption under the sign of reduction to the essential: Minimum consumption basket

At the level of 2019, the poverty in Romania was still very deep. The National Strategy on Social Inclusion and Poverty Reduction (2014-2020) shows that one in five Romanians, poverty caused by insufficient income, and much of the poverty caused by low income is persistent. Three quarters of the poor are has been in this situation for at least three years. Also, a third of the population cannot afford to buy products or services considered desirable or even necessary to live a decent life. According to the same document, there are still children who have never been to school, and the percentage of young people without a proper education is high. Many people are inactive or formally unemployed, with little chance of gaining adequate access to the labor market, and that there are inequalities in coverage with basic health services. The largest categories include children in difficult situations, people with disabilities, single or dependent elderly people and the Roma, who number three million people, but the estimated population as poor or vulnerable is about five million people.

Promotion of awareness and utilization of youth friendly service through multi-sectoral cooperation mechanism in China

BackgroundYouth friendly services (YFS) was established in pilot areas in China. This study aimed to explore the promoting level on the awareness and utilization of YFS after the implementing of a multi-sectoral cooperation mechanism (MSCM) supported by social network theory (SNT) among multiple sectors related to young people reproductive health (YRH) closely.MethodsA cross-sectional study with two separate self-administered questionnaire surveys was conducted before and after the implementing of a MSCM supported by SNT in both in-school and out-school unmarried young people aged 12–24 year-old in pilot areas in China. Both pre- and post- implementation surveys were conducted between December, 2008 and January, 2009, and between October, 2010 and January, 2011 respectively. The collected categorical data about the awareness on YFS in young people was described in percentage (%). χ 2 test was used to compare the differences between interventional and control areas, pre and after intervention, and changes in investigated areas after the intervention respectively. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze interventional effects after adjusting gender, in-school or out-school, and other factors. Significance level α was 0.05.ResultsThe percentages of young people in interventional areas who could receive YRH education including that about YFS in schools, working sites and communities increased (OR = 15.485, 6.166, 3.723; 95% CI: 2.939~4.715, 4.014~9.473, 11.421~20.994 respectively) statistically significantly (P < 0.05). The percentages of young people in interventional areas who “have heard of YFS clinic” and “know that YFS clinic has been established in local area” (OR = 9.325, 11.244; 95% CI: 7.433~11.699, 8.780~14.399 respectively), and knowledge rates on YFS manner and contents also increased (OR = 14.830, 8.676; 95% CI: 9.728~22.607, 5.175~14.548 respectively) statistically significantly (P < 0.05). The increments of knowledge rates on YFS price, time, hotline number, contents on contraception, pregnancy and sexual harass/violence were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The satisfaction degree on this service has also increased (OR = 6.394, 95% CI: 2.789~14.655) statistically significantly (P < 0.05).ConclusionsSNT is a helpful tool to facilitate the construction of an effective multi-sectoral cooperation mechanism to promote the awareness and satisfactory degree of YRH services.

Welfare Mentality as a Challenge to European Sustainable Development. What Role for Youth Inclusion and Institutions?

This paper takes a free-market approach to the idea of welfare. That is, the analysis does not reject the role of the welfare state to fight against poverty and inequality but underlines the perils of the welfare mentality’s proliferation. Sustainable development requires more individual responsibility and less dependence on the state and its redistribution function. The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, it aims at showing that welfare mentality imposes challenges on sustainable development. The second aim is to identify the factors associated with welfare mentality. We use data from several international databases and apply correlation, principal components, and multiple regression analyses on a sample of 28 European countries. The results of our study show that welfare mentality negatively influences sustainable development by being positively correlated with the risk of poverty and the percentage of young people not in employment, education, or training (NEET). At the same time, countries such as Sweden, Denmark, and Luxembourg, widely acknowledged as welfare policy heavens, register low values in terms of preference for redistribution. The main determinants of welfare mentality are found to be a high level of NEET and a low level of economic freedom. This result points to the role of youth inclusion and free-market institutions in diminishing people’s welfare expectations and encouraging them to take better control of their own lives to reach prosperity and not depending on state support.

On Youth and National Identity in the Palestinian Context

This study aims to examine the attitudes and opinions of Palestinian youth in the context of the debate about intergenerational conflict and the specificity of youth in the Palestinian condition. A high percentage of young people in the various Palestinian communities are exposed to unemployment, and in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, they have become targets of the Israeli occupation and its policies. Most Palestinian youth also face a dead-end in the political and living horizons and the scarcity of normal life opportunities (including, work, education, family, freedom of movement, planning for the future, etc.). Young people, as the case with women and other social groups, are also subject to restrictions that limit their access to political, economic, social and cultural decision-making positions. Drawing on studies and surveys that dealt with the situation of Palestinian youth, after discussing the rationale for interest in youth in the past two decades, this study shows the need to deal with youth as an essential component of society and not as an external segment or as outsiders. It also indicates that there are relatively limited differences between the positions and opinions of Palestinian youth and the older age groups. The study concludes that differences in the opinions of youth (and non-youth) can be attributed to the variations in the political situations and life opportunities among Palestinian communities, gender, place of residence, and political affiliation. The study did not find evidence to support the argument that intergenerational conflict exists. The determining factor in this condition is the Israeli occupation, Zionist settler-colonialism, apartheid regime, and the denial of basic rights. This study confirms the vitality of national culture among the various Palestinian communities.

PERSPEKTIF REMAJA TENTANG KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN PENYIMPANGAN PERILAKU SEKSUAL DI KABUPATEN BEKASI

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Indonesia's demographic data shows that the percentage of young people over 20% or about 60 million Indonesians is at a young age. This potential greatly determines the progress and character of the nation in the future. The swift influence of globalization through the media has a positive and negative impact on the growth and behavior development of the younger generation. One of the negative impacts facilitated by the spread through the media was deviant behavior that occurred in various parts of the world which was later imitated by young people in Indonesia. Drug abuse, sexual behavior outside of marriage and sexual orientation deviation or known as LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender). This study aims to detect the opinions and understanding of adolescents about the importance of healthy reproduction as an effort to prevent early sexual behavior deviations. The study population was middle school students in Bekasi Regency, as many as six sample schools were selected using the random sampling technique. The research method used is descriptive quantitative. The results showed that 70% of female adolescents in Bekasi maintain their reproductive health behaviors while 57% of men pay attention to their reproductive health behavior. The results of adolescent sexual deviation behavior from this study were as many as 10.9% of teenagers had masturbation, and there were 5.1% of teens wanting same-sex lovers.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Mednarodna primerjava dejavnikov vpliva na zgodnje opuščanje izobraževanja

V članku razpravljamo o dejavnikih, ki vplivajo na zgodnje opuščanje šolanja, in o ukrepih, ki so bili v Sloveniji sprejeti, da bi slednje preprečili. Zmanjšanje zgodnjega opuščanja šolanja na manj kot 10 % do leta 2020 je namreč eden ključnih ciljev strategije Evropa 2020, Slovenija pa omenjeni cilj že presega. Po zadnjih raziskavah ima namreč naša država eno izmed najnižjih stopenj zgodnjega opuščanja šolanja med državami Evropske unije (EU). V prispevku proučujemo razloge za omenjeno nizko stopnjo zgodnjega opuščanja šolanja ter podajamo pregled institucionalnih in političnih ukrepov, ki jih je Slovenija sprejela, da bi zmanjšala osip in mladostnike čim dlje zadržala v izobraževalnem sistemu. Rezultati študije kažejo, da je v državah EU delež moških, ki so opustili šolanje, večji od deleža žensk ter da obstaja pozitivna povezanost med dejavniki, kot sta izobrazba staršev in socialno-ekonomski status družine, ter zgodnjim opuščanjem šolanja. Prav tako smo ugotovili, da je delež mladih priseljencev, ki so opustili šolanje, dvakrat večji od deleža mladih, ki živijo v državi, v kateri so se tudi rodili.