Abstract
This paper takes a free-market approach to the idea of welfare. That is, the analysis does not reject the role of the welfare state to fight against poverty and inequality but underlines the perils of the welfare mentality’s proliferation. Sustainable development requires more individual responsibility and less dependence on the state and its redistribution function. The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, it aims at showing that welfare mentality imposes challenges on sustainable development. The second aim is to identify the factors associated with welfare mentality. We use data from several international databases and apply correlation, principal components, and multiple regression analyses on a sample of 28 European countries. The results of our study show that welfare mentality negatively influences sustainable development by being positively correlated with the risk of poverty and the percentage of young people not in employment, education, or training (NEET). At the same time, countries such as Sweden, Denmark, and Luxembourg, widely acknowledged as welfare policy heavens, register low values in terms of preference for redistribution. The main determinants of welfare mentality are found to be a high level of NEET and a low level of economic freedom. This result points to the role of youth inclusion and free-market institutions in diminishing people’s welfare expectations and encouraging them to take better control of their own lives to reach prosperity and not depending on state support.
Highlights
During the last thirty years, sustainable development has been one of the most prolific research areas and the main aspects dealt with within it have most often been derived from its ecological perspective
The first aim of this paper is to show that welfare mentality imposes challenges on sustainable development since it implies significant economic costs and maintains dependence
The main objectives of this paper were to analyze the relationship between welfare mentality and sustainable development and to identify several determinants of welfare mentality
Summary
During the last thirty years, sustainable development has been one of the most prolific research areas and the main aspects dealt with within it have most often been derived from its ecological perspective. Since questions such as “what should be sustained” and “what kind of development do we prefer” are intertwined with questions such as “what can be sustained” and “what kind of system we can get” [4], which are focused on the feasibility of actions undertaken, a debate on sustainable development implies both a normative and a positive approach. These preoccupations belong to a type of social welfare, which implies “an evaluation of trade-offs among the different system goals” [4]
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