Percent Of Respondents Research Articles

Survey to Asses Iraqi Pharmacists Information about Acetaminophen

Background: Paracetamol/acetaminophen is sold over-the-counter in both mono- and multi-component formulations. It is among the most popular and widely used analgesic and antipyretic medications in the world. Those who cannot be treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID). Medicines are advised to use it. The purpose of the current study was to examine and appraise pharmacists in Iraq's knowledge of the most popular medicine, acetaminophen. Method: By posting a Google form on social media, whatsapp, and telegram and sending the link to all the medical groups of pharmacists, the survey research's data was gathered on October 29, 2021. We asked the Iraqi pharmacists 16 questions, 12 of which were regarding their knowledge of acetaminophen. Four of the questions concerned the pharmacists' characteristics (age, gender, degree, and government). On February 1, 2022, the survey research came to an end Results: The researches received 145 surveys from different Iraqi Governorates. Twenty to thirty years old make up 97%. 56.6 percent of respondents thought acetaminophen placed future fetuses at risk for ADHD, whereas 43.4 percent actually thought it did. 34.5 percent agreed that chronic acetaminophen usage by pregnant women is safe for the fetus, compared to 65.5 percent who disagreed. While 16.6 percent of respondents disagreed, 83.4 percent of respondents said acetaminophen was safe for expectant mothers. Conclusion: Most pharmacists had not good information about mechanism of acetaminophen action, while they knew that Acetaminophen active metabolite (APAP) cause liver damage. The study had been showed that most pharmacist were aware about OTC medication .However, about one-third of them had inadequate knowledge of how acetaminophen affects the fetus and may result in ADHD in addition to other acetaminophen indications

Prevalence of Insomnia and Factors Influencing Its Incidence in Students of Tbilisi State Medical University: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Sleep is essential for overall health and well-being, however, medical students often face challenges in the form of insomnia or sleep-related disorders. This cross-sectional study investigates the factors influencing the incidence of insomnia in medical students at Tbilisi State Medical University during the 2022-2023 academic year. Using an online questionnaire, data was collected from 174 respondents with self-reported insomnia, and processed with spreadsheet software. The questionnaire collected demographic information, and data regarding sleeping patterns, and asked respondents to choose 'yes' or 'no' for each factor and its effect on their self-reported insomnia. After applying inclusion and exclusion factors, 122 responses were used for analysis. A chi-square analysis was conducted to verify the statistical significance of the data (p = 0.002002).The study revealed a high prevalence of 70.11% of respondents reporting sleeping difficulties. A total of 71.30% of respondents reported excessive workload as the most significant factor contributing to the incidence of their insomnia. Sixty-eight percentof respondents reported mental health issues(including anxiety and depression), and 65.5% reported improper sleep hygiene (including daytime napping and irregular sleep schedules) to play a role in the incidence of their insomnia. Social media and entertainment platform usage (59.8%) and stimulant consumption (48.4%) were comparatively less prominent but still noteworthy contributors to insomnia. The study also found that the majority of respondents (59.8%) experience onset-related insomnia, while 40.4% experience maintenance-related insomnia.This study found excessive workload to be the factor that most influenced the incidence of insomnia in medical students at Tbilisi State Medical University. This can be attributed to the increased academic load a medical student has to face and the worry about academic performance.Proper sleep hygiene, mental health support, and workload adjustments are suggested to decrease the incidence of insomnia among medical students at Tbilisi State Medical University.

Livelihood Security of Livestock Farmer Producer Groups (Women Self Help Groups) in Telangana State

Livestock Farmer Producer Group is the primary organization of women members from existing SHGs involved in livestock rearing of sheep/goat, dairy animals or poultry. These groups shall be formed either in the same habitation or village and Livestock Farmer Producer Organisations at mandal/district/state level. The present aim is to identify the “Livelihood security of Livestock Farmer Producer Groups (women Self Help Groups) in Telangana state” was conducted in Sidddipet and Nagarkurnool districts 10 LFPGs were selected randomly from each district and from each group 6 members were selected thus a total of 120 members constituted the respondents of the study. The information was elucidated from respondents with help of a pre structured schedule through descriptive research design which was processed, analysed and interpreted. In the present study livelihood security was assessed by food security, health security, economic security, habitat security, educational security and social network security. In food security, the majority of the respondents depend upon the public distribution system, had three meals per day. Regarding health security, the majority of respondents fell ill only once or twice in a year and afford professional treatment with some difficulty. Regarding economic security, about sixty one percent of respondents have 1-2 lakh annual income and income sources are animal husbandry, agriculture and others. Educational security was concerned; the majority were educated up to metric and considered education as expensive. Regarding social network security, the majority have very strong relationships with family members and get help from them in times of distress.

Preferences for long-acting pre-exposure prophylaxis among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Taiwan: findings from the 2021 HEART Survey.

While various antiretrovirals have been studied as potential candidates for long-acting pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), the bimonthly injectable cabotegravir-the first long-acting form of PrEP-was approved in 2021. Event-driven (ED) PrEP has been the most prevalent dosing regimen among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in Taiwan, providing a unique setting to observe the preferences for long-acting PrEP in a community where the daily regimen is not the mainstream method. This study aimed to determine the preferences for the different forms and dosing intervals of long-acting PrEP that are currently in the development pipeline. We conducted a survey in 2021 by convenience sampling the users of social networking applications for GBMSM in Taiwan. Our survey included questions on sexual behaviours, current PrEP regimens and the preferences for potential candidates of long-acting PrEP, such as implants, intramuscular and subcutaneous injections. We compared the Likert-scale preference ratings for potential long-acting options, and conducted logistic regression analysis to examine the factors associated with a preference for bimonthly intramuscular injections (2M IM) over ED and daily PrEP regimens, respectively. A total of 1728 responses were eligible for analysis. Three percent of respondents (n = 52) were daily PrEP users; 11.5% (n = 198) were ED PrEP users. When not considering cost, current PrEP users-regardless of their original dosing regimen-were most likely to express preferences for monthly oral PrEP, followed by a 6-month subcutaneous injectable (6M SC) and 2M IM. However, among non-current PrEP users, monthly oral PrEP was the most preferred form, followed by ED, daily oral and 6M SC injectable. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that current daily users, those willing to take PrEP in the next 6 months and those with more sex partners in the last 12 months had a significant correlation with preferences for the 2M IM injectable over the ED PrEP. The monthly oral form was the most preferable long-acting PrEP among GBMSM in Taiwan. Current daily PrEP users preferred the 2M IM injectable over the ED PrEP, which made the 2M IM injectable a potential alternative. Further studies should focus on how the cost and delivery affect PrEP preferences and their actual uptake.

Analysis of Mathematical Knowledge of Journalists in West Kalimantan Based on Journalistic Profile

This study aims to determine the basic mathematical knowledge of journalists in West Kalimantan. A total of 20 tests in the form of multiple-choice questions were given to 33 respondents to find out their basic knowledge of mathematics. All respondents worked as journalists in various media in West Kalimantan. The test results showed that 39.39 percent of respondents had low mathematical knowledge, 36.36 percent on medium criteria, 18.18 on high criteria, and 6.07 percent on very low criteria. The results of this test can be a baseline for improving the mathematical knowledge of journalists through various trainings or workshops. Mathematical knowledge is needed for journalists to increase credibility in news writing.

Factors Influencing Professional Skills Among Accounting Students at KwaZulu-Natal Universities.

Employers are increasingly expressing concern that the majority of recent graduates lack professional skills. In addition, it is unknown whether students pursuing accounting degrees in professionally accredited institutions are more financially savvy than those in non-accredited institutions. 1582 undergraduate accounting students at the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Mangosuthu University of Technology (MUT), and Durban University of Technology (DUT) were surveyed using self-administered questionnaires. The data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25 (SPSS 25). The results indicated that the majority of respondents were female. 72.6 percent of respondents are influenced by South African Institute of Charted Accountants (SAICA) accreditation, whereas 95.2 percent of respondents with outstanding professional skills are influenced by non-SAICA accreditation. The study's findings disprove previous claims that accreditation has no bearing on students' abilities. Finally, the investigation contributes South Africa-relevant knowledge..

PERSEPSI MAHASISWA AKUNTANSI TERHADAP PROFESI AKUNTAN

This study aims to be able to provide an overview and information to academics regarding the perceptions of accounting students towards the accounting profession and it is hoped that this can be used as the basis for preparing an accounting curriculum. This research is a field research, which uses primary data in the form of distributing questionnaires to respondents who are students. This study found that 78.3 percent of respondents liked accounting and there were 2.8 percent who did not like accounting, while those who did not show a preference or disapproval of accounting or showed a neutral attitude were as many as 18.8 percent. And there are differences in perceptions between students both based on gender or gender and based on class (senior and junior) regarding the accounting profession.

Willingness to Pay for Improved Solid Waste Management in Itahari, Sunsari, Nepal

Solid waste management (SWM) is a widespread problem in urban areas of developed and underdeveloped countries. Unplanned urbanization, rapid population growth, and migration of people from rural to urban areas are the leading causes for the problem of SWM in the major cities of Nepal. Inadequate services for solid waste collection can lead to environmental problems, pollution, health risks, and economic burdens for the society. Understanding the willingness to pay (WTP) of residents for improved solid waste collection is crucial for deciding effective pricing policies and waste collection techniques. In this context, the main aim of the study is to examine the WTP for the services of improved SWM in the study area. Using simple random sampling method, 377 households were taken as a sample to estimate the WTP for SWM through the Contingent Valuation Model (CVM) and Tobit regression. A field survey was conducted to collect the required data and information related to the WTP of households through the structured questionnaire. The study found that 83.55 percent of respondents would pay for improved SWM services, and the willingness to pay varies from NRs. 50 to NRs.500 per month. Tobit regression results identified the factors influencing WTP for improved SWM in the study area. The factors of gender, ownership of the house, education, profession, income level, and service satisfaction are statistically significant in determining the WTP for SWM.

PERCEPTION OF THE MANGO GROWERS ABOUT REJUVENATION TECHNOLOGY

The decline of mango productivity has been attributed to various factors. The most of the problems are due to faulty management i.e. unsuitable site and climate, cultivation of intercrops, inadequate nutrition, improper planting, undesirable planting materials, incidence of insect, pest and disease and other biotic and abiotic stress. Rejuvenation of mango trees makes them more manageable and facilitates the adoption of appropriate package of practices, resulting in improved vigor and yield. This involves adopting suitable pruning methods, providing adequate nutrients and plant protection management, developing an appropriate canopy, and implementing other holistic management operations. To conduct a study on mango rejuvenation, a multistage, purposive, and random sampling technique was employed. The study was carried out in Gir Somnath district of the Saurashtra region, with Talala, Kodinar, Una, and Sutrapada selected purposively as the four talukas, and three villages randomly selected from each of these talukas, resulting in a total of 12 villages being selected for the study. Ten mango growers were then randomly selected from each of these villages as respondents, totaling 120 mango growers. The respondents were interviewed using a specially designed schedule, and the results showed that the majority (53.33 percent) of the respondents had a medium level of perception about the recommended mango rejuvenation technology, followed by 27.50 percent of respondents who had a high level of perception about the recommended mango rejuvenation technology, while 19.17 percent had a low level of perception about the recommended mango rejuvenation technology. It is essential to adopt and promote scientific practices that can enhance mango productivity and rejuvenation to address these issues.

Reproductive experiences and factors influencing contraceptive use among female head-porters in Ghana: A cross-sectional study.

Female head-porters are a cohort of women who have migrated from their rural communities into commercial cities in search of better economic opportunities. These young women are vulnerable to untoward reproductive experiences. The study assesses the reproductive experiences of women and the factors influencing contraceptive use among them. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2021 in the Kumasi Metropolis (n = 280). The study included 280 female head-porters within the reproductive age of 15-49 years. Convenience sampling and consecutive recruitment were used to obtain the needed sample size. All statistical significance was declared at a p-value of <0.05. Forty-two percentof respondents had a history of contraceptive use (all modern or artificial contraception). The study found gravidity (p < 0.0001), parity (p < 0.0001), number of sexual partners post-migration (p = 0.008), and age of first sex (p = 0.033) to be associated with contraceptive use among female head-porters. Fourteen percenthad experienced sexual exploitation post-migration, the first sexual encounter of one-third of participants were nonconsensual, 19% had sex at or before 16 years, and 72% were aware of contraception. Reproductive experiences such as gravidity and sexual debut (age at first sex) have a significant influence on the use of contraception.

Knowledge on Health Protocols and Anxiety of Midwives in Delivery Assistance During the Covid-19 Pandemic

In 2021, 6 out of 45 midwives at the PMC Hospital of Jombang were exposed to COVID-19. This study aims to identify the correlation between knowledge on health protocols and anxiety in delivery assistance during the Covid-19 pandemic. This was an analytical-correlational study with cross sectional approach. The independent variable was the knowledge on health protocols and the dependent variable was the level of anxiety in delivery assistance during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study was conducted at PMC Hospital of Jombang on June 28, 2021 – July 12, 2021. The study population involved all midwives at PMC Hospital of Jombang as many as 45 respondents, with a sample size of 32 respondents, who were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data collection tool used a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Chi Square test. The study findings showed that 68.8 percent of respondents had a good level of knowledge on health protocols. On the other hand, 87.6 percent of respondents had mild level of anxiety in delivery assistance during the mild COVID-19 pandemic. There was a correlation between the level of knowledge on health protocols and anxiety of midwives in delivery assistance during the Covid-19 pandemic. It was obtained a p-value of (0.000) less than α equals (0.05), r equals 0.596 which indicated moderate correlation level. The higher the level of knowledge, the lower the level of anxiety. Midwives are surely able to overcome anxiety they experience through good knowledge which can encourage good spirits, especially while providing obstetric support services to patients during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Examining Trends in Implantable Arterial Doppler Usage Among North American Head and Neck Microsurgeons: A Survey Study

There are variations in implantable arterial Doppler usage for microvascular free tissue monitoring among North American surgeons. Identifying utilization trends among the microvascular community may elucidate practice patterns that may be useful in determining protocols. Furthermore, study of this information may yield novel and unique applications in other disciplines such as vascular surgery. Electronically disseminated survey study shared with a large database of North American head and neck microsurgeons. Seventy four percent of respondents use the implantable arterial Doppler; 69% report use in all cases. Ninety five percent remove the Doppler by the seventh postoperative day. All respondents felt that the Doppler did not impede care progression. Any implication of flap compromise was followed with a clinical assessment in 100% of respondents. If viable, 89% would continue monitoring after clinical examination, while 11% would take the patient for exploration regardless of clinical examination. The efficacy of the implantable arterial Doppler has been established in the literature and is supported by the results of this study. Further investigation is required to establish a consensus on use guidelines. The implantable Doppler is more often used in conjunction with rather than substitution for clinical examination.

(009) An Anatomic Map-Based Study: Erogenous and Aversive Sensation in the Vulva, Vagina, and Breasts

Abstract Introduction Erogenous zones (EZs) of the body elicit sexual arousal in response to touch. While previous studies have attempted to map erogeneity throughout the body, they did not assess internal surfaces or individual genital structures/sub-areas. Furthermore, previous work did not query how important specific EZs were to subjects’ sexual pleasure, nor did it assess what body areas people specifically dislike having touched during sex. Objective To develop detailed, topographic maps of erogenous and aversive sensation throughout the vulva, vagina, and breasts. Methods A sample of 441 sexually active cisgender women (mean age 48.9 ± 15.6 years) completed our anonymous, online questionnaire via Qualtrics®. Respondents selected predefined areas from anatomic illustrations that bring them pleasure when touched during sex, and areas that they dislike having touched during sex. For each EZ, respondents rated its importance to their sexual pleasure on a 10-point Likert scale, and/or indicated why they dislike having a specific area touched. Maps of erogeneity and aversion were generated based on the percent of respondents that selected each zone. Results More respondents selected at least one area of the vulva as erogenous (82.0%), as compared to the breasts (77.4%) and vagina (59.4%). Of the EZs of the vulva (Figure 1a), the vaginal introitus (50.8%), peri urethra (42.6%), and clitoris (41.3%) were the three most frequently selected and highest rated structures for pleasure. Conversely, the anus (34.0%) and perineum (7.9%) were the most disliked areas (Figure 1b) for the primary reason of respondents finding “It’s gross,” followed by “It hurts” and “I’m ashamed/embarrassed.” The five EZs of the vagina (Figure 2a) revealed enhanced erogeneity in the superficial anterior (48.1%) and posterior (32.9%) regions. The cervix (6.8%) and posterior zones (3.4%, 5.0%) of the vagina were the most disliked areas (Figure 2b) due to respondents reporting that “It hurts” and “It’s overly sensitive.” Interestingly, two of the most erogenous zones of the breasts (Figure 3a) were also the most disliked (Figure 3b): fatty breast tissue (57.8% erogenous, 5.4% aversive) and the nipples (42.7%, 6.5%). Respondent reasoning for disliking these areas included “It’s overly sensitive,” “It hurts,” and “It reminds me of a bad experience.” Conclusions The vulva and vagina were associated with enhanced erogenous sensation not only at (but also in regions immediately peripheral to) the clitoris. These EZs were also rated as “highly important” to sexual pleasure. The anus was overwhelmingly associated with aversive sensation due to feelings of judgment/shame. Other aversive zones were primarily disliked for objective reasons of pain and sensitivity. Disclosure No

Livestock producers' perceptions of the American black vulture conflict in the midwestern United States

AbstractHuman‐wildlife interactions are present wherever both humans and wildlife are found. Interactions can be positive or negative for humans and can include impacts that range from damage to property, agriculture, health and human safety, to emotional effects. Livestock‐wildlife interactions form a major component of human‐wildlife conflicts with foci often centered on the implications of livestock predation by wildlife. While most vulture species are obligate scavengers, several species, including the American black vulture (Coragyps atratus), may attack weak or newborn livestock. Black vulture populations and distributions are expanding in the Midwestern U.S., and attacks create a novel problem for livestock producers. We used online and printed surveys to determine the experiences and perceived losses of producers in Indiana and Kentucky. Surveys were distributed March–July 2021. Losses to black vultures were reported by 22% of goat producers, 24% of sheep producers, 38% of cattle producers, and 44% of mixed‐livestock producers. The criteria used to determine a perceived predation event were presence of vultures on the carcass, followed by missing eyes or tongue, damage to the perineal area, reported visual observation of the kill, or presence of feathers around the carcass. Sixty‐two percent of livestock producers employed at least one mitigation technique. Common mitigation techniques included the removal of carcasses and afterbirth, followed by nonlethal harassment of vultures, modifying farm management practices, use of guard animals, lethal control, and use of effigies. With the exception of nonlethal harassment, all mitigation techniques were rated as being effective by the majority of respondents. Fifty‐three percent of respondents indicated a willingness to acquire a lethal control permit from the federal government, 70% from the state government, and 56% from the state Farm Bureau, assuming the permit was free. We found that perceived losses to black vultures generally did not exceed losses to other causes and varied widely with livestock species and age class. For cattle producers, mitigation employment and vulture sightings during the calving seasons best predicted reported predation by black vultures. For mixed livestock producers, vulture sightings during the birthing season and losses to causes other than black vultures best predicted producers reporting predation by black vultures. Our results quantify producer perceptions of conflict between livestock producers and black vultures in the Midwestern U.S. Our results can be used to develop strategies to address growing conflicts between black vultures and livestock producers.

The Need for Psychiatric Treatment among Polish Users of Psychoactive Substances Is Increasing: This and Other Results from the Newest PolDrugs Survey.

Background and Objectives: PolDrugs is the largest Polish naturalistic nationwide survey to present basic demographic and epidemiological data that could potentially prevent harm from illicit substances intake in drugs users. The most recent results were presented in 2021. The goal of this year's edition was to re-present the above data and compare it to the previous edition's data to identify and describe the differences. Materials and Methods: The survey included original questions about basic demographics, substance use, and psychiatric treatment. The survey was administered via the Google Forms platform and promoted via social media. The data was collected from 1117 respondents. Results: People of all ages use a variety of psychoactive substances in many situations. The three most commonly used drugs are marijuana, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and hallucinogenic mushrooms. The most common reason for seeking professional medical help was amphetamine use. A total of 41.7 percent of respondents were receiving psychiatric treatment. The three most common psychiatric diagnoses among the respondents were depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and ADHD. Conclusions: Key findings include increases in the use of psilocybin and DMT, increases in the use of heated tobacco products, and a near doubling in the percentage of individuals receiving psychiatric help in the past two years. These issues are discussed in the discussion section of this paper, which also addresses the limitations to the article.

A Study on the Knowledge about Information and Communication Technology Tools of Paddy Growers in the Nuapada District of Odisha

The study was conducted in the Nuapada District of Odisha to assess the knowledge of information and communications technology (ICT) tools by Paddy growers the in Nuapada district of Odisha. A total number of 120 respondents were selected randomly from six villages under the Nuapada block because productivity, production, and area under rice cultivation were found to be maximum. The data were collected by personnel interview method by using a pre-structured interview schedule and later appropriate statistical analysis was done to find out the meaningful results. The findings of the study revealed that 54.16 percent of the respondents belonged to the middle-aged group, 59.16% of the respondents belonged to the OBC caste and the majority of the respondents belong to medium-level of annual income i.e., 50,000 – 1 lakh. Moreover, 45.83% of the respondents had medium-level knowledge about rice cultivation practices. The findings also revealed that 48.34 percent of respondents had medium-level knowledge about information and communications technology tools followed by 30 percent and 21.66 percent of the respondents with high and low levels of knowledge, respectively. It was found that independent variables like age, caste, and economic motivation were positively and significantly correlated with knowledge about ICT tools by the respondents.

Infertility and Anxiety among Infertile Women at IVF Treatment Centre, Lalitpur

Background: Infertility is being a tangible problem in our society. Infertility is failure to conceive after one year of regular unprotected sexual intercourse in the absence of known reproductive pathology. Infertility and its treatment related process both can create psychological and economic crisis among the women who are receiving its treatment therefore it may result in variant level of anxiety in infertile women. The main objective of this study is to determine the level of anxiety among infertile women.&#x0D; Methods and Materials: All together 100 sample were taken for the study by adopting non-probability purposive sampling technique. Data was collected through direct interview by using demographic and structured questionnaire was used. Beck Anxiety Inventory scale was used as structured questionnaire.&#x0D; Result: Out of 100 respondents, more than half 56 % of the respondents were between ages 26-35 Years age, 28% of respondents were house makers by occupation, majority of respondents 71% were working 12 hours per day. Near to half 47.6 % respondent had the Hypothyroidism. Fifty two percent of respondent's were from 4-6 years of marriage duration followed by duration of infertility were 56 % since 3 years and 45 % are taking infertility treatment from about 1 years. Majority of respondents (59%) has low anxiety level followed by moderate anxiety (35%) and severe anxiety (6%).&#x0D; Conclusion: Anxiety is common in infertile women. Among the respondents, all of the participants had developed the features of anxiety but in very low level. So association could not be assessed between the socio-demographic variables and level of anxiety.

65 Horse owners’ survey regarding equine feeding management post colic surgery

Nutritional care following colic surgery may be important to help prevent further digestive issues and prolong the life of the equine patients. The objective of this study was to determine how horses are managed nutritionally following colic surgery. Upon approval of the University's Institutional Review Board, an anonymous survey was created using the program Qualtrics that consisted of 15 questions. The survey recorded pre-colic diet, post-colic diet, and any nutritional advice the owner received, both from the surgical clinic and other sources. Respondents also reported the current status of their horse, i.e., retired, deceased, decreased work level, or returned to their previous level of work. A list of all equine colic surgeries performed at the NC State University vet school since 2019 was obtained. The time between surgery and completion of the survey ranged from 6 mo to over 3 years, with the majority (48%) completing it within 2–3 years following the surgery. The survey was sent to a total of 134 horse owners, 27 of which responded for a response rate of 20%. The data collected from the survey was predominantly descriptive in nature. 81% percent of respondents were happy with their horse's overall appearance and performance before the colic episode. At the time of the colic, 26% were feeding a commercial grain mix, 30% werefeeding a low-starch commercial grain mix, 15% were feeding a ration balancer, and 22% were feeding a senior feed. Approximately 48% of the living horses were back to their pre-colic workload at the time of the survey, while 4 horses were deceased. Several owners (21%) reported receiving minimal nutritional instructions at discharge, while others were encouraged to change their horse's hay or pasture (25%), grain (41%) and/or add a supplement (48%). 70% of owners reported gaining nutritional advice from sources outside the surgical clinic, 73% of which spoke with their regular veterinarian, while others consulted friends, online sources, and nutritionists. The majority of supplements implemented by owners were those designed for gastrointestinal health (e.g., probiotics, psyllium, etc.). Many owners received additional nutritional information from outside sources (friends, nutritionist, internet, etc.) or from their regular veterinarian. At the time they completed the survey, 29.6% of respondents reported at least one instance of colic following the horse's discharge. Based on the number of respondents seeking outside advice, the results imply that owners may benefit from additional nutritional resources following surgery.

Association between Parents' Consumption of Vegetables and Fruit and Students' Consumption of Vegetables and Fruit in Jakarta, Indonesia

The increased risk of non-communicable diseases is still a problem in Indonesia, one of which is the lack of fruit and vegetable consumption. Available data show that although fruits and vegetables have a protective effect, the average consumption of fruits and vegetables is still below the recommended intake, especially in adolescents. This study aims to determine the description of fruit and vegetable consumption and to determine the factors of food parenting practices and other factors related to fruit and vegetable consumption in students of SMAN 37 Jakarta. This study uses a quantitative method with a cross-sectional study design conducted on 160 students with a simple random sampling method. Data was collected by filling out questionnaires and food record forms independently by respondents who were monitored online from July-August 2022. The results showed that 88.8 percent of respondents still consumed less fruit and vegetables (&lt;400 grams/day). The bivariate results showed that there was a significant relationship between parents fruit and vegetable intake and fruit and vegetable consump-tion(p-value=0,000). It is recommended to provide nutrition education to adolescents and parents regarding knowledge related to the recommended consumption of fruits and vegetables, and the benefits and impacts of insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables.

Role of Social Media in Health Promotion and Behaviour Change

Social networking is an Internet-based technology that helps its users to promote and modification of health-related behaviour. College students can use social media for many reasons, such as accessing health information, as a source of health education, and finding and sharing health information. The study aimed to find out the existing social media use situation and to analyze the facilitating and impeding factors of social media use among college students for health promotion and behavior change. This study was based on a cross-sectional research design. A total of 409 Bachelor level college students were included in the study from three colleges of the Banke district colleges by using a multistage sampling method. The data were collected by using a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed them using SPSS version 20. This study found that 29.4 percent of respondents used Facebook for health communication, and 26.7 percent of respondents used Facebook for watching health -related videos, texts and images . Similarly, the majority of the respondents (79.5%) pointed out that knowledge and skills as one of the motivating / influencing factors of social media use. Based on the present study results, college students use social media to understand and share health information.