Percent Of Adolescents Research Articles

Screen Time Usage and Mental well-being among adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

Modern kids are exposed to a wide variety of gadgets and are surrounded by technological advances, including television, cell phones, laptops, and other devices. Young people now spend more time than ever before using electronic gadgets in their daily lives and participating in screen based activities. Aim: This study aims to examine screen time usage, mental well-being and its effect among adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 100 adolescents. Responses were collected by self-structured screen time usage, Warwick-Edinburg Mental well-being scale and self-structured screen time effects scale. Findings: The collected data were analysed by using SPSS version 20.0 and the findings revealed that 42% and 45% of adolescents were using smartphone for 1-3 hours on weekends and weekdays respectively. Forty six percent of adolescents were had low mental well-being. The excessive screen time use reported often feeling moods, headache, frustrated, poor concentration and problem in their eyes. The screen time usage were significantly associated with effects of screen usage (r= 0.27, p=0.04). Conclusion: The study concluded that the adolescents had higher screen time usage on weekends. Increased screen time use predominantly was associated with higher negative effects.

“You are either sporty or you are not” a qualitative exploration of pre-teen girls of low-socioeconomic position experiences of being physically active

BackgroundEighty one percent of adolescents do not meet the recommended physical activity (PA) guidelines with levels of physical activity declining steadily with age and more pronounced in girls of low socioeconomic position (SEP). Furthermore, early adolescence is a time when the rate of decline in PA is most severe amongst girls, placing them at an increased likelihood of developing negative health outcomes associated with physical inactivity. In response, the aim of this study was to explore low-SEP pre-teen girls’ experiences of being physically active and to understand their perceptions of the individual, social and environmental factors that influence these experiences. MethodsFocus groups were conducted with 107 girls aged 10–12 years from four urban and three rural primary schools. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data, with themes mapped to the relevant domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). ResultsThemes highlighted how skills and confidence underpin girls’ self-identity for PA. Girls described how their social network (i.e., peers, family, coaches and teachers) shaped their experiences of being active. Girls recognised how being active was impacted by the challenges and opportunities in their local community (e.g., lack of facilities and anti-social behaviour). ConclusionThis study provides insight into low-SEP pre-teen girls’ experiences of being physically active in both rural and urban locations, while highlighting the complex interplay of individual, social and environmental factors. Additionally, the use of the TDF presents an in-depth behavioural diagnosis which can be used to inform future theory-based interventions to promote low-SEP pre-teen girls PA.

Vitamin D Levels in Ethnic Minority Adolescents in Primary Care.

This pilot study examined the distribution of low vitamin D levels among ethnic minority adolescents in primary care to elucidate the clinical needs of this diverse population. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a retrospective patient chart review. Participants were a consecutive sample of 119 ethnically diverse adolescents aged 12-18 years, attending a primary care clinic, who had a wellness examination in 2018 and documented vitamin D levels on the basis of previously collected blood work. Sixty-one percent of adolescents had low vitamin D levels. Vitamin D deficiency increased with age, independently of ethnicity or gender. A significant number of ethnically diverse adolescents presented with low vitamin D levels. A need exists to raise awareness among clinicians regarding social determinants of health and culturally sensitive dietary practices to improve vitamin D levels and prevent long-term complications, focusing on adolescent at-risk ethnic groups.

Simultaneous Benzodiazepine and SSRI Initiation in Young People With Anxiety Disorders.

Objective: There are potential risks and benefits of combining benzodiazepine (BZD) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) therapy at anxiety disorder treatment onset. We investigated how often adolescents and young adults with anxiety disorders simultaneously initiate BZD treatment with SSRI treatment and examined whether SSRI treatment duration varies by simultaneous BZD initiation.Methods: In a United States commercial claims database (January 2008-December 2016), we identified adolescents (10-17 years) and young adults (18-24 years) with ICD-9-CM/ICD-10-CM anxiety disorder diagnoses initiating SSRI treatment, without past-year SSRI and BZD treatment. We defined simultaneous initiation as filling a new BZD prescription on the date of SSRI initiation. We estimated time to SSRI treatment discontinuation and used stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting for adjusted estimates.Results: The study included 94,399 adolescents and 130,971 young adults initiating SSRI treatment with an anxiety disorder. Four percent of adolescents and 17% of young adults simultaneously initiated BZD treatment, varying by age, anxiety disorder, comorbidities, health care utilization, and provider type. Simultaneous BZD initiation among SSRI initiators declined from 2008 to 2016. SSRI treatment duration was similar in initiators of simultaneous therapy vs SSRI monotherapy: ≥ 6 months in adolescents (55% vs 56%, respectively) and in young adults (39% vs 40%). Nine percent of simultaneous initiators continued BZDs for ≥ 6 months.Conclusions: Simultaneous initiation of BZD and SSRI treatment is relatively common in young adults with anxiety disorders and was not associated with longer SSRI persistence. Given risks of BZD treatment, potential benefits and risks of adding a BZD at SSRI treatment initiation must be carefully weighed.

Adolescer Saudável: screening and follow-up of risk at school.

ABSTRACTObjective To characterize adolescents referred to medical consultation based on the screening tool “Perfil de Saúde do Utente Adolescente”, and to compare to information gathered from a questionnaire and data assessed during the visit.Methods A retrospective and descriptive study, with analysis of the questionnaires filled out by adolescents and their respective medical records, in the period from January 2013 to June 2016.Results A total of 54 adolescents were seen, 57% male and mean age of 12±1.7 years. In the questionnaire, 37% stated that they had some kind of health problem; 35% would like to change the relationship with their parents; 18% had some concern about safety at school; and 39% made dietary mistakes. Approximately 31% had consumed alcohol, 13% had tried smoking, and 4% had used other drugs. At the first medical appointment, 38% stated they had chronic disease, 11% reported poor family environment, 39% had school problems and 39% made dietary mistakes. About 13% had tried smoking, 24% had tried to consume alcohol, and 2% had tried other drugs. Thirty seven percent of adolescents were referred to adolescent medicine consultation, and 39% to another hospital consultation.Conclusion Many of the biopsychosocial risk items identified through the questionnaire were confirmed during consultation, indicating that it could be a useful screening method for problems linked to the adolescence period.

Current attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and nonmedical prescription opioid use attributed to tramadol among male adolescents without conduct disorder in Egypt

ABSTRACT Background: Evidence for the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorders (SUDs) is common. However, little research has investigated this relationship among adolescents using nonmedical prescription opioids, particularly tramadol. Objective: To estimate the prevalence and correlates of ADHD among adolescents with tramadol misuse and without conduct disorder (CD). Methods: This study included 122 Egyptian adolescents (100% male) with opioid use disorders attributed to tramadol. The diagnosis of SUDs, ADHD, and CD (to exclude) was based on the SCID-I criteria of the DSM-IV-TR. Drug-related problems were assessed using the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT). All adolescents were screened for drugs by urinalysis. Results: Thirty-eight percent of adolescents with tramadol misuse had ADHD. Adolescents with tramadol misuse and ADHD were more likely to have a younger age of onset of smoking, substance use, and tramadol misuse than adolescents without ADHD. Conclusions: ADHD is common among adolescents with tramadol misuse. There is an association between ADHD and young age of onset of tramadol misuse and drug-related problems.

Population-Based Prevalence of Oral Conditions as a Basis for Planning Community-Based Interventions: An Epidemiological Study From Rural Burkina Faso.

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to: (i) provide timely data on dental caries and periodontal conditions in rural Burkina Faso; (ii) identify the oral health practices carried out in this population, and (iii) to prioritize evidence-based interventions at the community level.Methods: Leaning on WHO recommendations for oral health epidemiological studies, clinical examinations and questionnaire-based surveys were conducted in two different age groups (adolescents: 15–19 years old; adults: 35–44 years old) in the health district of Nouna, Burkina Faso. Caries and tooth status were assessed according to the DMFT Index. The periodontal status was assessed by a modified Community Periodontal Index on all teeth present and measuring the level of attachment-loss of six index teeth. Questionnaire items specifically included utilization of oral health care and oral health behaviors.Results: The prevalence of untreated caries was 38% in adolescents and 73% in adults. In terms of periodontal health, 21% of adolescents and 61% of adults had an attachment loss ≥4 mm. Ninety seven percent of adolescents had not attended a dentist in the previous year and 78% of adults had never seen a dentist in their life. About one third of adolescents and adults cleaned their teeth less often than once per day with equal proportions of toothbrushes and traditional chewing sticks made of tree branches. Fluoride toothpaste was used by <10% of study participants. Almost half of the examined people reported to drink a sugar-sweetened beverage at least once a day.Conclusions: Dental caries and periodontitis are highly prevalent in rural Burkina Faso. These findings highlight the key relevance of epidemiological data for identifying people's oral health needs as basis for developing, testing, and implementing oral health interventions and programs. Special emphasis should be put on the design and evaluation of community-based interventions.

Cannabis Use Among Court-Involved Minority Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Adolescents.

We examined the effects of family functioning and beliefs regarding peers' cannabis use among minority (n = 112) and non-minority (n = 275) sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI), first-time court-involved adolescents. We examined longitudinally the effects of baseline general family functioning and peer cannabis use beliefs on self-reported cannabis use and cannabis-related consequences after 12 months. At baseline, 39.2 percent of adolescents reported using cannabis. Minority SOGI adolescents reported worse family functioning (p = .017) and higher peer cannabis use beliefs (p = .047). Higher peer cannabis use beliefs at baseline predicted recent cannabis use at the 12-month assessment for both minority and non-minority SOGI adolescents. Better family functioning predicted a lower likelihood of recent cannabis use at 12 months for non-minority SOGI adolescents, but not for minority SOGI adolescents. Baseline peer cannabis use beliefs and family functioning predicted cannabis-related consequences for both cohorts at 12 months when accounting for intermediate (i.e., four-month and eight-month) data. Among all first-time court-involved adolescents, those who believed greater cannabis use among their peers reported more subsequent cannabis use themselves. Conversely, higher general family functioning may be less of a protective factor for minority SOGI adolescents. These results suggest the utility of feedback interventions to modify peer norm beliefs among first-time court-involved adolescents.

Determinants of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) Among Adolescent Girls Aged 15-19 Years in Indonesia: Analysis of the 2018 National Basic Health Survey Data

Introduction: Common Mental Disorders (CMD) are distress conditions which manifest themselves with anxiety, somatic, and depressive symptoms. CMD are highly prevalent in Indonesia especially among adolescents. Adolescent girls have a higher risk to develop CMD than boys. This may be related to anaemia and/or early onset of menstruation. This study aimed to determine the association between haemoglobin concentration and other determinants of CMD among adolescent girls in Indonesia. Methods: Data of 1,052 adolescent girls aged 15-19 years old from the Indonesian Basic Health Survey (Riskesdas) 2018 were analysed. CMD was measured using the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of main determinants was applied and resulting principal components were investigated as risk factors for CMD. Results: The prevalence of CMD among adolescent girls aged 15-19 years in Indonesia was 16.5 percent. Of the 28·2 percent of adolescents with anaemia, 16·8 percent were suspected to have CMD. Three principal components were significantly associated with higher CMD score: 1) higher parental education, better employment of the father, and living in an urban area (β: 0·16, 95%-CI: 0·02; 0·30); 2) higher consumption of salty foods, high-fat foods, and soft drinks (β: 0·23, 95%-CI: 0·05; 0·40); and 3) having asthma, smoking, and a higher haemoglobin concentration (β: 1·74, 95%-CI: 1·59; 1·89). Conclusion: The strongest clustered determinants of CMD among adolescent girls in Indonesia were asthma, smoking status, and higher haemoglobin concentration, while age at menarche and anaemia were not related to CMD. Anaemia and earlier age at menarche were not associated with CMD. This study implies that adolescent girls with asthma and smoking cigarettes, as well as those having higher parental education and secured occupation, have an increased risk of developing mental disorders. Funding Statement: This study was performed as part of obtaining a PhD degree for which MA received a scholarship from Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan (LPDP), Republic of Indonesia. Declaration of Interests: All authors stated no conflict of interest. Ethics Approval Statement: All procedures were in accordance with the ethical standards issued by the Health Research Ethics Commission, Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia, and informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Bullying Perpetration and Narcissistic Personality Traits across Adolescence: Joint Trajectories and Childhood Risk Factors.

Objectives: Although there is some evidence on the longitudinal associations between bullying perpetration and narcissistic personality traits, their joint developmental trajectories across early to late adolescence are largely unknown. Accordingly, we examined the co-development of bullying perpetration and narcissistic personality traits across adolescence and examined the childhood predictors of these joint trajectories.Method: Self-reports of bullying and narcissistic personality traits were assessed across 6 years of adolescence from Grade 7 (i.e., age 13) to Grade 12 (i.e., age 18) in a sample of 616 Canadian adolescents and childhood predictors were assessed in Grades 5 and 6.Results: As predicted, latent class growth analyses demonstrated that most adolescents were reflected in a trajectory of low decreasing bullying (82.0%) and a smaller group followed a moderate stable trajectory of bullying (18.0%). The majority of adolescents followed a moderate stable trajectory of narcissistic traits (56.3%), followed by a high increasing trajectory of narcissistic traits (22.8%), and a low decreasing trajectory of narcissistic traits (20.9%). Six percent of adolescents followed a high-risk dual trajectory of moderate stable bullying and high increasing narcissistic traits (high-risk group). Also as predicted, higher hyperactivity, higher frustration, and lower anxiety in childhood differentiated the high-risk group from a low-risk group (low decreasing bullying and low decreasing narcissistic traits; 19.0%). Higher childhood hyperactivity also differentiated a group of adolescents who followed a trajectory of moderate stable bullying and moderate stable narcissistic traits (10.0%) from the low-risk group. Results showed that moderate stable bullying was a better indicator of high increasing and moderate stable trajectories of narcissistic personality traits than the reverse.Conclusions: Findings suggest adolescence is a time when personality and bullying reflect dynamic and heterogeneous development. Early intervention of childhood risk factors may help prevent a high-risk developmental course of bullying and narcissistic personality traits across adolescence.

The association of self-esteem and psychosocial outcomes in young adults: a 10-year prospective study.

This study investigates the association between self-esteem assessed either in adolescence or in adulthood with adult academic and psychosocial outcomes. One hundred and thirty-one junior high school students were selected based on their experience of academic difficulty or success, and both groups were selected equally from regular or low-performing schools. Ten years later, 100 of these individuals participated in a follow-up assessment of academic, socioprofessional, and health-related outcomes. Logistic and linear regression models were performed to estimate the association of self-esteem (measured by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale) at baseline and at follow-up, as well as change in self-esteem categories (high vs. low) on all outcomes. Fifty-four percent of adolescents were consistently high in self-esteem over the 10-year period, 17% experienced an improvement, 21% a decrease, and 8% stayed at a low level. Outcomes at follow-up were more consistently associated with young adult self-esteem than adolescent self-esteem. Self-esteem was associated with several outcomes (i.e., personal goals, life satisfaction, alcohol, and health outcomes) and its effects were different depending on the period considered and categories of self-esteem change. The self-esteem difficulties which are common in adolescence raise concerns about their potential impact on important outcomes later in life. However, self-esteem difficulties in young adulthood were more associated with negative outcomes at this phase of life (whether low self-esteem persisted into adulthood, or emerged only during adulthood). Relative to outcomes in young adulthood, the period of greatest interest for improving well-being may be concentrated in the years immediately surrounding the studied outcomes. Self-esteem change from adolescent to adulthood is associated with a large diversity of outcomes. Less is known concerning the extent to which adolescent self-esteem may independently determine outcomes in young adulthood as compared to more temporally proximal self-esteem levels. Only self-esteem difficulties in young adulthood were associated with negative outcomes at this phase of life (whether they persisted from adolescence into adulthood, or emerged for the first time during adulthood). Targeting self-esteem difficulties that are temporally proximal to the period of interest may improve mental health and well-being.

6.29 TREATMENT WITH PUBERTAL SUPPRESSION DURING ADOLESCENCE IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER ODDS OF LIFETIME AND PAST-YEAR SUICIDAL IDEATION AMONG TRANSGENDER ADULTS IN THE UNITED STATES

Recent population-based surveys estimate that 1 percent of adolescents in the United States identify as transgender. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRHa) are commonly prescribed to suppress endogenous puberty for transgender adolescents. There are limited data regarding the mental health benefits of this treatment. The current study evaluated the associations between treatment with pubertal suppression during adolescence and adult mental health outcomes, including measures of suicidality.

Factors Associated With E-Cigarette Usage and the Reasons for Initiation Among Malaysian Adolescents.

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are handheld devices that deliver an aerosol by heating a solution made up of propylene glycol and/or glycerol with or without flavoring agents and nicotine. This nationwide cross-sectional survey examined factors associated with e-cigarette usage and reasons for its initiation among 13 162 Malaysian adolescents. Data from TECMA (Tobacco and E-Cigarette Survey among Malaysian Adolescents) were used. Nine percent of adolescents had used e-cigarettes in the past month. Males (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.08; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.36-4.95), 16 to 19 year olds (aOR = 2.64; 95% CI = 2.13-3.26), Malays (aOR = 2.25; 95% CI = 1.79-2.83), Sabah and Sarawak Bumiputeras (aOR = 2.25; 95% CI = 1.61-3.15), and cigarette smokers (aOR = 13.16; 95% CI = 11.14-15.54) were more likely to use e-cigarettes. Three main reasons for e-cigarette initiation among adolescents were its taste and smell, experimentation, and popularity. Sale of e-cigarettes with or without nicotine to people aged younger than 18 years should be banned. Flavored e-cigarettes should also be banned since there is evidence suggesting increased appeal among the younger generation.

The Influence of Maternal Acceptance-Rejection and Adolescents Self Esteem to Bullying Behavior Junior High School Students

This study aimed to analyze the influence of maternal acceptance-rejection and self-esteem adolescents on bullying behavior of junior high school students. The study took place at two junior high schools located in Bogor City and involved 86 students who were selected using simple random sampling. The measuring instrument used in this study was a PAR adaptation from Rohner (1986) with a reliability of 0.785, self-esteem instrument adaptation from Rosenberg's (1965) with a reliability of 0.773, and a bullying behavior instrument adaptation from Hastuti, Herien, and Djaswelma (2015) with the reliability of 0.902. Data analysis used in this study was descriptive statistical analyses and statistical analyses of Pearson correlation and linear regression tests. The data were collected using self-administered questionnaires guided by the researcher. The results showed that more than half of adolescents had perceptions of affective parenting. However, about 40 percent of adolescents have self-esteem in the low category. The most common type of bullying behavior adolescents is verbal bullying. The test results showed that parents with aggression and undifferentiated rejection are unfortunately related to the adolescents’ bullying, and low adolescents’ self-esteem is followed by bullying behavior. Gender (male adolescents) and low self-esteem had a significant effect on bullying behavior. Meanwhile, parental rejection had a significant positive effect on bullying behavior.

Female Teenagers' Lifestyle in preventing Osteoporosis in Yazd in 2014

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a metabolic and preventable disease. Prevention of this disease should begin during adolescence. Life style behaviors have an important role in this regard. This study was conducted to determine the lifestyle of female teenagers in relation to the prevention of osteoporosis in Yazd in 2014. Methods: A descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 500 female teenagers selected by cluster sampling method in Yazd. Data were collected by questionnaire, which validity and reliability were confirmed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-16. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, T-test, and ANOVA. Results: In the field of bone disease, 3.3percent of participants stated that they suffered from bone disease, 0.9 of the student had a history of fracture of spine, and 0.4 had a history of fracture in their ribs. In addition, 79.2 percent stated that they received direct sunlight for a long period daily. In the field of receiving food, results showed that 6.8 percent of students used milk and cheese every day. Furthermore, 82.3 percent of participants indicated consumption of milk and cheese 4-6 times per week and 9.1 percent reported 0-3 times per week. In the field of physical activity, 70.1 percent of adolescents exercised during the last week and the frequent physical activity was walking in most of them (75.3%). Conclusion: Considering the effect of lifestyle such as diet, exercise, and exposure to sunlight on osteoporosis, educational programs should be conducted over proper nutrition, public sports, and lifestyle changes to prevent this complication

Family environment and traumatic dental injuries in adolescents.

No comprehensive assessment of the influence of the home environment on traumatic dental injuries (TDI) has been conducted to date. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between family environment and TDI among adolescents from East London. This cross-sectional study used data from 646 adolescents who participated in phase III of the Research with East London Adolescents Community Health Survey (RELACHS). Family environment was measured with four indicators (non-nuclear family, discordant parental relationship and levels of parental support and parental punishment) measured through a self-administered questionnaire. Clinical examinations were performed for TDI, overjet and lip coverage. Logistic regression was used to test the crude and adjusted (controlling for sociodemographic and clinical factors) association of each family environment characteristic with TDI prevalence. Twenty-nine percent of adolescents were from non-nuclear families, and 52.3% reported a discordant parental relationship. The mean score for parental support was -0.01 (SD: 0.90, range: -0.11 to 0.08), and the mean parental punishment score was 0.03 (SD: 0.86, range: -0.04 to 0.10). Adolescents from non-nuclear families had 1.63 (95% confidence interval: 1.06-2.53) greater odds of having TDI than those from nuclear families. However, this association was fully attenuated after adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical factors. The other three indicators of family environment were not associated with TDI either in crude or adjusted regression models. This study found weak evidence of an association between family environment and TDI.

Psychosocial Problems among School Going Adolescents in Nepal.

Background Psychosocial problems refer to the difficulties faced by adolescents in different areas of personal and social functioning. Adolescents are vulnerable to psychosocial problems because of physical and physiological changes that occur in their body during this developmental stage. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify psychosocial problems among school going adolescents in Nepal. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was adopted. Nonprobability convenient sampling technique was used for selecting 287 adolescents. Ethical approval was taken from Nepal Health Research Council and self-administered structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data collection was done in 2016. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used to analyze the data. Results The findings of this study show that 12.9 percent of adolescents had psychosocial problems. While categorizing psychosocial problems, the adolescents had internalizing problems (44.6%), attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) (25.8%), and externalizing problems (4.2%). There is association of age group and parent's marital status with psychosocial problems. Conclusion It is concluded that psychosocial problems (i.e., internalizing problems, ADHD, and externalizing problems) were prevalent among Nepalese school adolescents. Adolescents' age group and parent's marital status are associated with psychosocial problems. This study recommended that school authority, health professionals, and other professional related to child health and mental health should play an important role for the prevention and earlier recognition of and intervention for psychosocial problems.

Psychosocial Problem among School-going Adolescents in Pokhara, Western Nepal

Adolescence the second decade of life is the crucial period demanding significant adjustment to the physical and social changes. During this transitional period, if adequate care and attention is not given adolescents are prone to develop various psychosocial problems with long standingimpact. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of psychosocial problem and its associated factors among 360 adolescents studying in public schools of Pokhara Lekhnath Metropolitan City. Data was collected by using self-administered questionnaire. The data was analyzed in SPSS version 16 applying both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings of the study revealed that 21.7 percent of adolescents had psychosocial problem. Adolescents who are facing physical/verbal abuse (p=0.000, OR: 13.54),who do not feel good about home environment (p=0.000, OR: 5.01), have high academic/school relates stress (p=0.000, OR:5.304), who do not stay with their parents (p=0.000, OR: 4.49), belonged to hardly sufficient family income (p=0.000, OR: 3.29), those from joint family (p=0.004, OR: 2.12), whose mothers are illiterate (p=0.027, OR: 1.96) and having disrupted marital status of parents (p=0.040, OR: 1.78) were more likely to have psychosocial problem. Hence, the combined effort of family and school team is essential to protect adolescents from developing psychosocial problem. Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vol. 6 (December 2017), page: 121-133

Socioenvironmental, Personal, and Behavioral Correlates of Severe Obesity among an Ethnically/Racially Diverse Sample of US Adolescents.

Severe obesity among adolescents, also known as class 2 and 3 obesity, is increasing in prevalence, yet, little is known about adolescents with severe obesity. The objective of this study was to identify the socioenvironmental, personal, and behavioral correlates of severe obesity among an ethnically/racially diverse sample of US adolescents. A cross-sectional analysis of data from participants in the EAT 2010 study (n = 2706) was conducted. Adolescents completed in-class surveys, and height and weight were measured. Severe obesity was defined as a BMI ≥120% of the 95th percentile or ≥35 kg/m2; class 1 obesity as a BMI ≥95th percentile but below severe obesity cut points, overweight as a BMI <95th percentile but ≥85th percentile, and normal weight as a BMI <85th but >5th percentile. General linear models were used to identify differences between adolescents by weight status, adjusted for covariates. Nine percent of adolescents had severe obesity. Compared with peers of other weight statuses, a greater proportion of adolescents with severe obesity reported parental encouragement to diet and peer weight teasing. Adolescents with severe obesity also reported lower self-esteem and body satisfaction. Binge eating was three times as prevalent among adolescents with severe obesity compared with peers of normal weight and twice as prevalent as among peers with class 1 obesity. Adolescents with severe obesity report several unique socioenvironmental, personal, and behavioral concerns that may diminish quality of life and may predict increased weight gain over time.

Promoting Hearing Health Care in Nepal

Promoting Hearing Health Care in Nepal