Percent KOH Research Articles

Efficacy of Furosemide 0.125 Percent topical gel and KOH 10 Percent topical solution in the treatment of patients with warts: a comparison study

Background. Warts are a common skin disease affecting individuals of all ages worldwide. This clinical trial aims to compare the effectiveness of furosemide 0.125 Percent topical gel and KOH 10 Percent topical gel in treating patients with warts. Methods. Patients diagnosed with warts by dermatologists were included in the study and treated with either 0.125 Percent furosemide or 10 Percent KOH for two months. Patients were examined and imaged at the beginning of the study and in weeks 4 and 8 to assess the number, diameter, and height of warts and complications. Results. The study included 40 patients (48 lesions) with common warts, with 20 patients in each intervention group. In the furosemide group, the average diameter of warts decreased from 4.25 ± 1.43 mm in the first visit to 4.14 ± 1.47 mm in the final visit. In contrast, the average diameter of warts in the KOH group decreased from 3.89 ± 1.67 mm to 3.02 ± 1.49 mm. No complications were reported in the furosemide group, whereas seven complications related to redness and burning were observed in the KOH group. Conclusion. Furosemide 0.125 Percent is effective and safe for treating skin warts. However, it is less effective than KOH in reducing the diameter and height of warts. This study's findings suggest that furosemide can be a promising alternative to KOH in treating warts, especially for patients with sensitive skin or those who experience complications with KOH treatment. Further research is needed to determine the optimal treatment duration and dosage of furosemide for treating warts. Practical Implications. We can find new ways to reduce complications in treating warts.

Optimization of neem methyl ester from transesterification process and fuel characterization as a diesel substitute

The present work aimed at the standardization of transesterification process parameters for the production of methyl ester of filtered neem oil and fuel characterization for engine performance. The effect of process parameters such as molar ratio, preheating temperature, catalyst concentration and reaction time was studied to standardize the transesterification process for estimating the highest recovery of ester with lowest possible viscosity. Based on the observations of the ester recovery and kinematic viscosity, it was found that filtered neem oil at 6:1 M ratio (methanol to oil) preheated at 55 °C temperature and maintaining 60 °C reaction temperature for 60 min in the presence of 2 percent KOH and then allowed to settle for 24 h in order to get lowest kinematic viscosity (2.7 cSt) with ester recovery (83.36%). Different fuel properties of the neem methyl ester and neem oil were also measured. Results show that the methyl ester of neem obtained under the optimum condition is an excellent substitute for fossil fuels.

On new species of the Neotropical spider genus Attacobius Mello-Leitão, 1923 (Araneae, Corinnidae, Corinninae), with a cladistic analysis of the tribe Attacobiini

AbstractA cladistic analysis of the Attacobiini spiders (Corinnidae, Corinninae) is made from 11 species in the tribe, plus two Corinninae outgroup species (Septentrinna yucatan and Falconina gracilis), scored for 70 characters. Attacobiini, Attacobius and a group composed by A. attarum Roewer, A. luederwaldti (Mello-Leitão) and A. nigripes (Mello-Leitão) are the best supported clades in the analysis. Six new Brazilian species are described: Attacobius blakei, A. tucurui and A. uiriri, from the state of Pará; A. lamellatus and A. kitae, from Tocantins and A. carranca, from Tocantins and Bahia. The known distribution ranges of A. attarum and A. luederwaldti are extended from Rio de Janeiro to Brasilia (Distrito Federal) and from São Paulo to Minas Gerais and Mato Grosso, respectively. A 10 percent KOH preparation of the male palp of A. carranca suggests that the Attacobiini tegular process is homologous to the median apophysis, which is putatively symplesiomorphic in Corinninae.

The Role of Oxygen at the Second Discharge Plateau of Nickel Hydroxide

It was shown that the appearance of a secondary discharge plateau approximately 400 mV below the primary plateau can result from the reduction of oxygen. During the galvanostatic discharge of planar nickel‐hydroxide films at room temperature and in 3 weight percent KOH solutions, the second discharge plateau was observed only in the presence of dissolved oxygen in the electrolyte. When the solution was deoxygenated, no residual capacity could be extracted from the films even at low discharge rates or from overcharged films. In addition, the duration of the second plateau is inversely proportional to the square of the discharge current, which is indicative of a diffusion‐controlled process. The nickel hydroxide active material, rather than the electrolyte, seems to be the primary reservoir for the oxygen that is reduced on the second plateau.

The Formation and Electrochemical Activity of Microporous Diamond Thin Film Electrodes in Concentrated KOH

The corrosion resistance and electrochemical activity of boron‐doped, polycrystalline diamond thin films were evaluated before and after potentiodynamic cycling between −0.7 and 0.7 V vs. Ag/AgCl in 15 weight percent KOH. The maximum anodic current densities at 0.7 V ranged from 0.3 to 6.0 mA/cm2. Two types of corrosion processes were observed. In one case, low‐quality films grown using a 2.9% C/H ratio developed circular pits (100 to 300 nm diam) located almost exclusively at the intercrystalline grain boundaries, creating a microporous film. For the most part, the diamond microcrystallites were morphologically unaffected by the polarization, but in a few areas, extreme pitting and smoothing of the microcrystallites occurred. In a second case, low‐quality films grown using a 1% C/H ratio experienced corrosion that advanced laterally across the diamond microcrystallite surfaces commencing at facet corners and step edges. High‐quality films grown using a 1.4% C/H ratio exhibited no signs of corrosion or morphological damage. A corrosion mechanism is proposed whereby the nondiamond carbon impurities exposed at the surface are preferentially etched away by anodic polarization. The electrochemical activity of the films, before and after cycling, was probed using cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry with . The morphological and surface chemical changes produced during the microporous film formation led to an increase in the oxidation and reduction peak currents by up to a factor of eight. The heterogeneous electron‐transfer rate constant, , decreased slightly by a factor of four after formation of the microporous film. It is supposed that the electron‐transfer reactions are not occurring exclusively through the nondiamond carbon impurity sites but rather that these impurities serve primarily an electronic role by supplying charge carriers to the film, thereby reducing resistivity.

Inheritance of Aroma in Two Rice Crosses

Two nonscented varieties, ADT38 and ADT39, were crossed with a scented variety, Badshabhog, to study the inheritance of aroma in rice. The parents, F1 and F2 were grown in Nov 1992. For each cross, 2 g of leaf blades from randomly selected parent and F1 plants and 200 F2 plants were soaked in 10 ml of 1.7 percent KOH solution in test tubes and evaluated for scent after 10 min by smelling the contents. All F1 plants were nonaromatic, indicating the recessive nature of the gene controlling aroma. A 15 non-aromatic: 1 aromatic segregation occurred for F2 plants in both crosses, suggesting that two recessive genes control aroma in Badshabhog. Pedigree breeding with a larger population for F2 selection is suggested for introducing scent into nonscented varieties

Effect of Ten Weight Percent KOH Electrolyte on the Durability of Zinc/Nickel Oxide Cells Containing Zinc Electrodes with Calcium Hydroxide

A group of zinc/nickel oxide cells were evaluated under a variety of test conditions, primarily to determine the effect of decreased potassium hydroxide concentration on cell performance. Although testing a 10 weight percent (w/o) concentration clearly mitigated the shape change of the zinc electrode, the low temperature properties of the electrolyte were not as favorable at 10 w/o compared to the higher electrolyte concentrations.

Hydrogen and oxygen evolution on graphite fiber—epoxy matrix composite electrodes

The electrochemical behavior of three graphite fiber—epoxy matrix composite materials containing various fiber orientations and fiber loadings was studied. Cyclic voltammetry was used to detect surface functionalities and to determine the electrochemically active surface areas of each material in 1 N H 2SO 4 and 30 weight percent (w/o) KOH. Hydrogen and oxygen evolution were studied on each electrode in 1 N H 2SO 4 and 30 w/o KOH, respectively. Tafel slopes for the hydrogen evolution reaction on the composite electrodes ranged from 0.14 to 0.18 V decade −1 while exchange current densities ranged from 4 to 11 × 10 −7 A cm −2. Tafel slopes for the oxygen evolution reaction on the composite materials were high, ranging from 0.25 to 0.28 V decade −1. Exchange current densities for the oxygen evolution reaction ranged from 2 to 5 × 10 −7 A cm −2. In general, fiber orientation and volume percent loading in the limited range studies had no noticeable effect on the kinetic behavior for the gas evolution reactions studied.

A eutectic dislocation etch for gallium arsenide

A eutectic etchant consisting of 50 mole percent KOH and 50 mole percent NaOH has been developed having a melting point of 170°C. The etchant has an etch rate on 〈100〉 GaAs of 0.2 μm per min at 325°C and is useful on 〈111〉 and 〈100〉 surfaces. The etchant reveals structures not developed with the molten KOH etchant.

Monitoring personal exposure to ethylenediamine in the occupational environment.

A method for monitoring exposure to ethylenediamine (EDA) in the occupational environment is described. The EDA is adsorbed on activated silica gel, desorbed with 0.5 percent aqueous cupric chloride, and analyzed by gas chromatography using a 2 percent KOH on a Chromosorb 103 column. The method is sensitive to 200 micrograms/mL EDA and can detect 1.0 ppmv EDA in samples collected for 4.5 hours at a 300 cc per minute flow. The method has been evaluated in the laboratory and under plant conditions. Other amines do not interfere with the determination of EDA.

ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON ELECTRODE KINETIC PARAMETERS FOR HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN EVOLUTION REACTIONS ON NICKEL ELECTRODES IN ALKALINE SOLUTIONS

AbstractTafelanstiege, Durchtrittsfaktoren und Austauschstromdichten werden sowohl für die H2‐als auch für die O,‐Entwick1ungsreaktionen an Ni‐Elektroden in KOH‐Lösungen (50 Gew.%) bei Temperaturen von 80, 150, 208 und 264°C bestimmt.

Effect of Ultracentrifuging on Oxygen Consumption of the Eggs of Ascaris suum, Goeze

That the maintenance of structural integrity is of prime importance for the normal functioning of a large part of the oxidative processes of the cell has been demonstrated by a number of workers. Bodine and Boell, have shown that the normal activity of much of the so-called cyanide sensitive respiratory mechanism (indophenol oxidase system) is interfered with as the result of the structural disorganization of the cell. Recently Beams and King found that cleavage in the eggs of Ascaris suum was not affected even though the eggs were subjected to forces of 150,000 to 400,000 times gravity (obtained through the use of the Beams ultracentrifuge). Although such eggs were completely stratified into a centrifugal cap of heavy yolk material, a middle band of clear protoplasm, and a light layer of lipoidal material, cleavage rate in centrifuged eggs was not noticeably different from that in normal eggs. The purpose of the experiments reported herein was to determine the effect of ultracentrifuging on the oxygen consumption of the eggs of Ascaris suum. The eggs used were obtained fresh from adult worms, expressed into saline, washed repeatedly to remove surplus albumin, and stored at 5°C. until needed. In the centrifuge experiments a concentrated suspension of eggs was rotated for 30 minutes at a force of 150,000 times gravity. Oxygen consumption was measured by means of sensitive microdifferential manometers (Ko2 = 0.160). In an experiment one drop of a concentrated suspension of ova (containing ca. 5,000 eggs) was supported by a convenient hanger in the manometer vessel. Ten percent KOH was used to absorb CO2. In the experiments involving the use of cyanide a freshly prepared KCN solution was neutralized with HCl to pH 7.0 and diluted to 0.001 molar immediately before use. Eggs were washed 3 times with cyanide and were then supported in the manometer in cyanide. KOH-KCN mixtures for absorbing CO2, as recommended by Krebs and van Heyningen, were used. For each sample of eggs tested, the respiratory rate of normal eggs was determined in duplicate; the effect of centrifuging or cyanide, in duplicate or triplicate. O2 uptake was measured at 30° ± 0.02°C. over a 4 to 6-hour interval. At the end of the experimental period the eggs were flooded over a squared slide and counted. The respiratory rate (Qo2) was calculated in terms of mm. O2 per hour per 10 eggs.