Percentage Distribution Research Articles

Descriptive Analysis of Artificial Intelligent-Based Physics Learning For Biology: Benefits and Opportunities

This study examines the effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based Physics learning for Biology Students in the FMIPA Unram Environment. Using qualitative research methodology, a survey was conducted on 20 students from the Mathematics and Natural Sciences faculty of the Biology study program, with a focus on patterns and perceptions of the use of AI in physics learning. The aim of this research is to investigate how AI influences physics learning. Data analysis was carried out using Excel to obtain frequency and percentage distributions, which showed that the majority of respondents agreed to AI in physics learning regarding the use of social media. The research results showed that 40% of participants felt that the use of AI in physics learning was not good, while 26.67% felt that the use of AI was good in physics learning. These findings underline the use of AI in physics learning, thus showing. In conclusion, although AI helps biology students in learning physics, they do not always have to depend on AI. This study highlights the importance of using AI wisely.

Neurosonology education for undergraduate medical students in South Korea

This study assessed the status of neurosonology education for undergraduate medical students in South Korea. An online survey was conducted between September 1 and October 31, 2022, among neurology faculty members at 40 medical schools. The survey consisted of 15 questions on existing neurosonology education and the willingness to integrate it into the undergraduate curriculum. Descriptive analyses were performed using the frequency and percentage distributions. The survey achieved an 80% response rate from 32 participating institutions. Among these, nine (28.1%) included neurosonology lectures in pre-clerkship neurology courses and 15 (46.9%) incorporated them into the neurology clerkship. However, 66.7% of the institutions offering neurosonology allocated less than 1 hour to education, and only 13% of the training involved hands-on courses. The rest relied on live demonstrations and lectures. Of the 17 institutions that did not provide neurosonology education during clerkship, 13 expressed willingness to introduce it in the future. No significant differences were found between institutions that offered neurosonology education and those that did not in terms of student numbers, neurology faculty size, years of establishment, or region. In conclusion, only half of medical schools in South Korea offer neurosonology education, and their programs are limited in time, content, and teaching methods. Expanding neurosonology education requires collaboration among experts in neurosonology, medical education, and other related fields.

Pupils’ Nutritional Status and Their Academic Performance

Nutrition is a fundamental pillar of human life, health, and development across the entire lifespan. This study was undertaken to identify the nutritional status of the pupils and their academic performance; to determine the level of pupils’ nutritional status and academic performance before and after the implementation of SBFP; find the significant difference on pupils’ nutritional status and academic performance before and after the implementation of SBFP. The study was conducted at Villanueva South District, Division of Misamis Oriental with one hundred nineteen (119) pupils/SBFP beneficiaries as actual respondents. The study employed a descriptive correlational research design with documentary analysis, which included a quantitative approach in collecting numerical data through a questionnaire. It also used frequency and percentage distribution, Mean and Standard Deviation and t-test. Results show that after the conduct of School Based Feeding Program (SBFP) the pupils’ nutritional status reached at normal level while their academic performance reached at Very Satisfactory level. Significant difference was registered between before and after SBFP implementation data on nutritional status and academic performance. The study recommends that schools and the community may collaborate in providing training, awareness, and seminars that will enhance teachers’ capacity and capability in implementing SBFP as well as on recording and monitoring data on nutritional status and academic performance.

The Impact of Guerrilla Marketing on Perception of Marketing Innovation and Brand Trust

Does guerrilla marketing influence perceptions of marketing innovation and brand trust? Alongside this question, the issue of whether perceptions of marketing innovation impact brand trust arose during the development of the research model and literature review. Thus, besides the main objective of the study, a secondary aim is to investigate the effect of marketing innovation perception on brand trust. To achieve these objectives, data were collected from a target audience using an online survey method within the framework of a quantitative research design. The collected data were first subjected to normality tests, followed by reliability and validity analyses of the scales. To determine the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants, frequency and percentage distributions were used, while regression analysis was employed to test the research hypotheses. Additionally, the mediating effect was tested within the proposed model framework. The study found that guerrilla marketing positively influences consumer perceptions of innovation, affects consumer purchasing decisions, and enhances brand trust. Additionally, marketing innovations were observed to have positive effects on consumer trust and perceived value. It can be stated that guerrilla marketing campaigns indirectly affect brand trust through marketing innovation, and these strategies enhance consumer trust with innovative and creative campaigns.

Determine the Pollution Indices of the Soil Near the Najaf Refinery in the Middle of Iraq

Al-Najaf refinery produces many pollutants from fuel combustion, such as fumes and gases, which lead to heavy metal pollution in the soil. This research aims to study the pollution factors in the soil surrounding the refinery. Five soil samples were collected from different sites to analyse five heavy metals (Ni, Zn, Co, Cr, and Pb) to determine the chemical pollution level. The results found that the percentage of the metal (Co) in site No.3 was the highest due to its presence near the oil flame and toward the direction of the wind. Three different indices were applied to detect pollution levels: geo accumulation index (I-geo), pollution load index (PLI) and contamination factor (CF). The I-geo for Co, Cr, and Pb showed class 1 relative values, which indicated the sites were only slight pollution, while the I-geo for Zn showed class 2 relative values, which indicated moderate ranges of pollution, and the I-geo for Ni showed class 6 relative values, which indication extremely pollution sites. While the contamination factor for Zn was classed as class 2, indicating moderate contamination, the contamination factors for Co, Cr, Pb, and Ni were all rated as class 1, which indicates low contamination values. PLI levels in all investigated sites categorised as class 1 indicate no pollution (perfection). The gases released by the predominant wind impacted the metal percentage distribution pattern.

Ethological profile and productivity of suckling sows in terms of industrial technology

The analysis of animal behavior, in particular suckling sows, allows us to identify problems of their well-being and health at the initial stages, which ensures an increase in reproductive productivity and profitability of the herd. Most often, the individual characteristics of animals associated with the type of higher nervous activity remain beyond the attention of breeders. The assessment of behavioral reactions of suckling sows with different levels of reproductive qualities (multiple fertility, lactation (nest weight at 21 days), the number of piglets in the nest at 2 months) during the period of the highest daily activity was carried out. The time spent by the sow on feeding piglets, motor activity, rest, feeding, research behavior, urination and defecation were recorded. As a result of the studies, no behavioral abnormalities were found in lactating sows that reduce their well-being, as indicated by the percentage distribution of animal activity types. A significant share in the ethological profile of animals was occupied by rest, the values of which ranged from 33.3 to 45.8%. Motor activity accounted for 10.4 to 20.8% of the studied time budget. On average, a sow spent a third of the daily activity budget on feeding and feeding piglets. The tendency to an advantage in feeding time of piglets of more fertile and dairy sows over the rest is shown. Suckling sows with productivity indicators above the average values in the sample were characterized by slightly less research activity, which probably reflects their individual characteristics.

Characterization of the Municipal Plastic and Multilayer Packaging Waste in Three Cities of the Baltic States

The composition of plastic and multilayer packaging waste was assessed in the mixed municipal solid waste (MSW) streams of the Kaunas (Lithuania), Daugavpils (Latvia) and Tallinn (Estonia) municipalities. For the analysis of samples in the mixed MSW streams, the authors used manual sorting and a visual recognition method. Composition analysis of plastic and multilayer packaging waste from separately collected waste of multi-family and single-family households was performed in the Kaunas and Tallinn municipalities. For the analysis of samples in the separately collected waste streams, the research group combined manual sorting and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy methods. The findings reveal that the percentage distribution of plastic and multilayer packaging waste within the municipal solid waste (MSW) stream is relatively consistent across the municipalities of Kaunas, Daugavpils and Tallinn, comprising 40.16%, 36.83% and 35.09%, respectively. However, a notable variation emerges when examining separately collected plastic and multilayer packaging waste streams. In this category, the proportion of plastic and multilayer packaging within the total separately collected packaging waste stream ranges from 62.05% to 74.7% for multi-family residential buildings and from 44.66% to 56.89% for single-family residential buildings. The authors provided further insights for the enhanced recycling potential of different plastic materials through improved sorting.

Diagnostic performance of the DISQVER metagenomic sequencing tool for the identification of pathogens in febrile neutropenic patients: the ADNEMIA trial

IntroductionWhile intensive protocols in onco-haematology have improved survival rates for patients with haematological malignancies, they have also resulted in an increased incidence of infection associated with therapy-induced immunosuppression (including chemotherapy-induced...

Characterization of probiotic Bacillus sp. NP5 metabolites and its effect on female catfish broodstock rematuration

Probiotics are believed to contain active components that affect fish reproduction. This study aimed to evaluate the metabolite compounds contained in the probiotic Bacillus sp. NP5 and its effect on female catfish broodstock rematuration. The first step was to analyze the metabolite content of probiotic using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry LCMS/MS. Furthermore, feed supplementation was implemented with probiotic at concentrations of 106 CFU g-1 (P6), 108 CFU g-1 (P8), and control (C). Parameters observed included metabolite content of Bacillus sp. NP5, gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), gonad histology, gonad maturity rate, fecundity, number of matured eggs, distribution of egg diameter, fertilization rate (FR), hatching rate (HR), larval survival (SR), rematuration period, and percentage of matured broodstock. The results showed that metabolites such as resveratrol (22.45%) and indoline (7.11%) are probably directly affecting reproduction. Other metabolites such as oxyresveratrol (22.95%) and vestitol (4.14%) are also thought to play an indirect role. Supplementation results showed the best reproductive performance in 108 CFU g-1 feed treatment with an increase in GSI (14.74%), HSI (1.65%), gonad maturity rate, percentage of mature eggs (86.00%), rematuration period (4 weeks), percentage of matured broodstock (100%), fecundity (243605.02 eggs/broodstock), FR (98.74%), HR (80.62%), and SR (87.31%). Application of probiotic Bacillus sp. NP5 can accelerate rematuration and improve reproductive performance of female catfish broodstock. Probiotics contain metabolites that have a positive effect on reproduction and can be an alternative in improving reproductive performance in female catfish broodstock. Keywords: Bacillus sp. NP5, female catfish, metabolites, probiotics, rematuration

The Impact of Digital Literacy Skills and ICT Self Efficacy on Academic and Functional Skills at Secondary Islamic School District Kotaddu South Pakistan

Amid present day’s fast technological development, the incorporation of information technology in teaching and learning can no longer be overlooked. However, the results found that despite the improved digital literacy skills and self-efficacy about ICT among the students of Kot Addu which was the DBGb/rDBG rural and semi-urban students there was have lack of research work that investigates the ways to strengthened the students’ learning outcomes through digital literacy and ICT self-efficacy. The effects of digital literacy and ICT self-efficacy on academic and functional skills of students of secondary Islamic schools in District Kot Addu, South Pakistan. In this quantitative study, the author assesses the participants’ levels of digital literacy, ICT self-efficacy, and functional skills using structured questionnaires on 300 students enrolled in 5 different secondary Islamic schools in the region. The quantitative data was collected using an Administration Questionnaire. The collected data was processed by calculating the percentage distribution of the demographics of the respondents. Cronbach Alpha score and the experts’ opinion was then utilized to establish the validity and reliability of the questionnaire during the pilot test conducted in Kot Addu district. Descriptive and inferential techniques were applied on the data collected from the participants to examine the correlation between the independent measures; digital literacy and ICT self-efficacy to the dependent measures; the academic performance and the functional skills. The findings also show a similar significant positive relationship between the following variables: digital literacy and students’ functional skills, ICT self-efficacy, and academic performance.

Symbols and Interpersonal Meanings of Popular Love Songs

This study ventured to analyze the select popular love songs. It employed a qualitative research approach using linguistic and rhetorical criticism. Systemic Functional Linguistics of M. A. K. Halliday, Fantasy Theme Criticism, and Semiotics were the analyses applied in order to discover the interpersonal meanings and symbols that select popular love songs carry in their lyrics. The researcher analyzed ten (10) songs. The following statistical tools were employed to analyze the data gathered: frequency count and percentage distribution. The research discovered that the mood and modality present in the lyrics of the songs were the two components to consider in determining the interpersonal meanings. On the other hand, the swirling of three themes: setting, character, and actions, form a successful rhetorical vision. The fantasy themes present in love songs, taken together, reveal the worldview created in different contexts of relationships built by love. Salient themes in the songs are breakups, deeply falling in love, regrets, and self-love which codes that encompass the themes are the characters, settings, and actions. The popular love songs invite the rhetorical community to perceive love in many mirrors. Symbols are also present in the lyrics of the songs. The symbols generated from the lines of the songs have a message intended for the addressees. The symbols represent a particular idea, theme, or meaning that the persona would want to communicate to the addressees. Based from the results of the analyses, various strategies in teaching language and literature were made and it is concluded that songs are best to integrate in the teaching of language and literature. It is also recommended that researchers conduct more studies that aim to explore more effective strategies in teaching language and literature utilizing different kinds of poetry.

Examining the nutritional habits of individuals with moderate and severe covid-19, evaluation of changing nutritional habits and physical activity behavior after covid-19

Objective: This research aimed to examine the eating habits of adult individuals infected with severe and moderate COVID-19 disease and to evaluate the changing eating habits and physical activity behaviors of post-COVID-19 individuals. Methods: The cross-sectional study included 1340 people over the age of 18 and had a positive PCR test. The data was collected online with the ”Google Form". The obtained data were analyzed with the statistical package program SPSS 25 (Statistical Package for Social Science). Data Mean±Standard Deviation and percentage distribution and the Chi-square test were used in its analysis. p<0.05 significance level was considered statistically significant. Results: It was found that the food consumption of 66.7% of the participants and the number of meals of 82.2% did not change after infection. It has been concluded that individuals do not pay attention to healthy nutrition after infection.It was found that 71.1% of the individuals didn’t do regular physical activity and this situation didn’t change after COVID-19. Conclusion: In line with the results obtained from the study, it is necessary to pay attention to the nutritional habits and physical activity status of individuals. Nutrition education should be provided by dietitians, accurate information should be provided by physical therapists to increase physical activity.

Effect of Calisthenics on Sleep Quality and Well-Being Among Older Adults.

This is a study to assess the effect of selected calisthenics on the quality of sleep and well-being among old-age individuals in the selected old-age home at Sangli, Miraj, Kupwad Corporation area. The objective is to assess the quality of sleep and well-being in the experimental and control groups before the intervention and the level of sleep and well-being in the experimental and control groups after the intervention. Methodology: The study used a quasi-experimental one-group pre-test post-test design. Using a simple random sampling technique, 60 participants were selected. Calisthenics exercises were implemented to improve sleep quality and well-being. On the eighth day after the calisthenics program, a post-test was conducted. The analysis was performed using frequency and percentage distribution and a pairedt-test. Post-intervention, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) score and quality of sleep among old-age individuals in the experimental group were 12 (40%) had poor sleep and 18 (60%) had a good quality of sleep among old-age people. The mean was 4.26, S.D. was 1.7207, and in the control group, the mean was 8.23, S.D. was 2.4166, and the t-value was 7.3234. P-value was 0.00001 < 0.05 (at 5% level of significance). The well-being score among old-age individuals in the experimental group after the intervention was that there were three (10%) who had very good well-being, 24 (80%) had good well-being scores, and three (10%) had poor well-being among elderly people. The mean was 129, S.D. was 13.3209, and in the control group, the mean was 110.3, S.D. was 8.065, the t-value was -6.5773, and the p-value was 0.00001 < 0.05 (at a 5% level of significance). This reveals that the effect of calisthenics on the quality of sleep and well-being among old age individuals was effective. The study concluded that planned calisthenics exercises were implemented to enhance sleep quality and well-being. Elderly individuals responded positively to the program, showing improvements in both sleep quality and well-being after participating in the exercises.

COMMUNITY MOTIVATION, ENGAGEMENT AND COMMITMENT ON CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY TANZA CAMPUS EXTENSION SERVICES IN BARANGAY BAGTAS, TANZA, CAVITE: BASIS FOR PROPOSED ENHANCEMENT PLAN

This study determined the relationship between community motivation, engagement, and commitment in the extension services of Cavite State University-Tanza Campus among Barangay Bagtas residents in Tanza, Cavite. A descriptive-correlational design was employed, using purposive, quota, and convenience sampling techniques to select 100 participants who had engaged in extension services. The study gathered demographic data, including age, sex, occupation, civil status, monthly income, educational attainment, and type and number of extension services attended. It examined intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, physical, cognitive, and emotional engagement, and affective, continuance, and normative commitment. Statistical tools such as Pearson r, weighted means, and frequency and percentage distributions were used to analyze the data. The findings indicated that intrinsic motivation, particularly personal fulfillment (WM = 3.97), and extrinsic motivation, such as career advancement (WM = 3.77), were significant factors in community participation. Participants demonstrated high levels of engagement, with physical engagement (WM = 3.86), cognitive engagement (WM = 3.85), and emotional engagement (WM = 3.80) being the most prominent. Commitment was driven by affective (WM = 3.81), continuance (WM = 3.81), and normative (WM = 3.69) factors, showing strong emotional attachment, moral obligation, and perceived benefits. Pearson r analysis revealed significant relationships between motivation, engagement, and commitment (p &lt; 0.05). Based on these results, the study recommended enhancing intrinsic and extrinsic motivation through value-driven programs, focusing on hands-on activities and reflective discussions to improve engagement, and fostering a strong sense of community and moral duty to increase commitment. Tailored programs focused on skills development and career readiness were also recommended to address community needs effectively. These insights aimed to improve the effectiveness and sustainability of community participation in the extension services at Cavite State University-Tanza.

A Mixed Method Study Assessing the Paulinian Remote Flexible Learning Experience

To proactively respond to the challenges brought by the pandemic, St. Paul University Surigao implemented the Paulinian Remote Flexible Learning Experience (ReFLEx). Surveys have been carried out, but formal research has not been conducted to address identified strengths and areas for improvement. Thus, this study is conducted to assess the Paulinian ReFLEx in the Basic Education Department of the university. An explanatory sequential design was employed. Survey, interviews and tests were conducted to gather data. Frequency Count and Percentage Distribution, Mean and Standard Deviation, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Mann-Whitney U test, One-way Analysis of Covariance, and t-test were the statistical tools used in this study to analyze the quantitative data. Based on the findings revealed in this study, it was concluded that St. Paul University Surigao is implementing the Paulinian Remote Flexible Learning Experience (ReFLEx) excellently, where instructional processes, assessment methods, and student advancement programs were done synchronously or asynchronously in a blended learning mode. The Paulinian Remote Flexible Learning Experience (ReFLEx) is effective as a mode for the delivery of instruction. It is advised that the progress of implementation should be maintained while also resolving the identified issues. Expanding the scope allows for similar studies to be carried out.

SUPRASEGMENTAL FEATURES OF PRONUNCIATION

This quantitative study utilized a descriptive research design that examined the suprasegmental skills, specifically pitch and stress, of the 41 Grade 12 students at a public school in Misamis Occidental. A researcher-made survey questionnaire was utilized, and the researchers adopted two reading materials from two different studies to measure the proficiency level in terms of pitch and stress of the respondents. The statistical tools used to treat the data were frequency and percentage distribution, mean, and independent t-test. The results revealed that the respondents were aged 17 to 20, almost evenly distributed between middle and late adolescence, comprising 51.22% males and 48.78% females, all belonging to the poor cluster, with 82.93% earning less than ₱9,520. Also, they are not competent when it comes to their proficiency level in terms of pitch and less competent in terms of stress. Lastly, there was no significant difference in the proficiency level in terms of pitch and stress when respondents are grouped according to age, gender, and SES (income). The researchers recommended incorporating targeted interventions, such as interactive pronunciation exercises and tailored instructional materials, to enhance suprasegmental proficiency in ESL/EFL classrooms. These interventions can contribute to more effective language learning experiences for Grade 12 HUMSS students, addressing the identified low proficiency levels in pitch and word stress.

The main directions of forming the environmental culture of future primary school teachers

Introduction. Considering ecology as the general state of the environment, and its protection and defense as the primary task of society, we note the urgent need to understand the quality training of those whose environmental education will ensure competent professional work with students. Environmental education and upbringing of future primary school teachers, their professional training, requires identifying and describing in detail the main directions of forming an environmental culture. Problem and aim. The problem of the study is obvious: what are the main directions of forming the environmental culture of future primary school teachers. Aim: to identify and characterize the main directions of forming the environmental culture of future primary school teachers. Materials and methods. The survey involved 75 full-time and part-time students of the Institute of Psychology and Pedagogy of the Yelets State University named after I.A. Bunin (Russian Federation). The context of the study was determined by fourteen questions, ten of which were multiple-choice and four were open-ended. Percentage distribution methods were used for statistical data processing. Results. The study showed that 60 respondents of full-time and part-time education (80% of the total number of survey participants) chose the main areas of development of environmental culture of future primary school teachers as those suggested by the authors of the publication, and only 15 respondents (20%) found it difficult to choose the answers. Conclusion. The following were identified and characterized as the main areas of development of environmental culture of future primary school teachers: development of students' environmental thinking and behavior; interdisciplinary approach to environmental education; continuity of environmental education and independent research activities.

Microbial flora of the respiratory tract and skin of artisanal municipal solid waste handlers in Aba, Abia State, Nigeria

Municipal solid waste handling carries occupational risk for waste handlers due to exposure to diverse microorganisms and hazardous substances that cause respiratory and skin infections. A cross-sectional study was carried out, and 150 respondents were recruited using a simple random sampling technique. The sociodemographic characteristics, health-related complaints, health-seeking behaviour and the bacterial and fungal microflora of the respiratory tract and skin of artisanal municipal solid waste handlers and some controls in Aba, Nigeria, were determined using a mixed methods research design, involving the use of interviewer-administered structured questionnaires and conventional culture techniques. We analysed the data using IBM SPSS version 25. The results are presented in tables as frequencies and percentages. The majority of artisanal municipal solid waste handlers in Aba are male (95%). Their mean age is 30 years, and the age group of 21–40 years constitutes the highest proportion (65%) of the workforce. Health-related complaints were higher (95%) among the waste handlers compared to the control subjects (4%). The findings show a high prevalence of respiratory (57%), eye (34%) and skin (87%) complaints among the waste workers, compared to 6%, 0% and 2%, respectively, among the control subjects. Seventy-eight (78%) of the waste handlers indulge in self-medication via over-the-counter (OTC) drugs; 17 (17%) access diagnostic laboratories and only 4 (4%) visit hospitals for treatment, as compared to the control subjects, who recorded 1 (2%) for OTC drugs, 46 (92%) for laboratories and 2 (4 %) for hospitals. Acquisition (15%) and use (3%) of personal protective equipment (PPE) were very low amongst the waste handlers. A total of 704 bacterial isolates and 191 fungal organisms were isolated from the study subjects. Among the waste handlers, the percentage distribution of bacteria was almost the same at both sites: respiratory tract, 241 (49.9%) and skin, 242 (50.1%), compared to the control subjects’ respiratory tract, 105 (47.5%) and skin, 116 (52.5%), which showed a slight difference between the sites. S. epidermidis (24%) and B. cereus (13%) were predominant in the respiratory tract, whereas S. aureus (29%) and S. epidermidis (19%) predominated the skin of the waste handlers. Similarly, S. aureus (34.3%) and B. cereus (20.9%) were predominant in the respiratory tract, while B. cereus (37.9%) and S. epidermidis (18.1%) predominated the skin of the control subjects. Candida spp. was the most predominant fungus in the respiratory tract (81.4%) and skin (42.9%) of the waste handlers, as well as in the respiratory tract (85%) and skin (78%) of the controls. The presence of the isolated bacteria and fungi in increased proportions in the waste handlers may be attributed to occupational exposure through direct contact with waste, inhalation of organic dust laden with biological agents and the poor working conditions of the waste handlers. Health education and improvements in working conditions are necessary to mitigate the occupational challenges of waste handlers.

Congenital Colour Vision Deficiency (CVD) and its relation with ABO Blood Group among Male School Students of Duwakot, Bhaktapur

Introduction: Normal person can interpret colour in all three of its attributes; Hue, intensity, and saturation. Human beings can perceive three primary colours, that is, red, green, and blue. Any defect in appreciation of colours is known as colour vision deficiency (CVD). Blood groups are genetically inherited as well. The study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of CVD among school students in Duwakot and to find out its relation with ABO blood groups, as these two entities are both inherited genetically. Materials and Methods: Permission was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of KMC to conduct this study. The study was carried out among the 8th, 9th and 10th grade school students of Duwakot, Bhaktapur. Ishihara test plates for colour vision and agglutination method for ABO blood grouping were used to get the prevalence of CVD and to get the percentage of students belonging to ABO blood group among those having Colour Vision Deficiency. Results: It was found out that, out of 150 students, 133 (88.67%) were normal. 17 students (11.33 %) were having CVD. No one was found complete colour blind. Prevalence of blood group among study population was O (38%) which was followed by B (31.61%), A (23.33%) and AB (8.66%),respectively. All the defects were of red-green type, hence were transmissible genetically. Distribution of blood group in CVD subjects shows 9 (52.94 %) numbers belonging to blood group B, 4 (23.53%) belonging to blood group O, 3 (17.64 %) belonging to blood group AB, and 1 (5.8%) belonging to blood group A. Conclusion: The study helps the subjects to be aware of their condition early in their professional life so that they can choose correct profession. It also tried to find out the percentage distribution into ABO blood groups. A larger population should be included to get more accurate results.

Development and Validation of Contextualized Strategic Intervention Materials in Science for Grade 6 Learners

This study aimed to develop a contextualized Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) in Science for Grade 6 learners at Tungao Central Elementary School, South Butuan District 2, Division of Butuan City, for the school year 2021-2022. Employing a quantitative research design, the study involved 91 respondents and two evaluators. The research instruments included four First Quarter Summative Tests, an Evaluation Instrument for Quality Assurance of the Contextualized SIMs, and an Evaluation Instrument for Content, Accuracy, Recency of Information, and Contextualization. Data analysis was conducted using frequency count, percentage distribution, and weighted mean. The findings revealed that the majority of learners did not meet expectations in their performance on the four summative tests. Specifically, many learners struggled with differentiating solutes from solvents, describing the appearance of a suspension, and explaining methods for separating mixtures through decantation and magnet use. The SIMs were designed and developed using guide cards, activity cards, assessment cards, enrichment activity cards, reference cards, and answer keys. These contextualized SIMs were evaluated based on quality assurance, content accuracy, recency of information, and contextualization criteria. Enhancements to the SIMs were made according to the validators' suggestions.