Perceived Time Pressure Research Articles

Moving-horizon versus moving-aircraft: Effectiveness of competing attitude indicator formats on recoveries from discrete and continuous attitude changes.

The present research revisits the old issue whether attitude information is best conveyed to pilots in a moving-horizon format or in a moving-aircraft format. Previous research has suggested that the moving-aircraft format might not be beneficial for flight path tracking but recoveries from unusual attitudes, although the result are not fully consistent. A limitation of studies to date is that the recovery task usually did not involve progressive attitude changes of the aircraft but only sudden discrete changes. Compared with a discrete stimulus, the continuous dynamics might increase the perceived time pressure to respond, which in turn can be expected to amplify the error proneness with a less intuitive format. Two experiments were conducted where flight novices and experienced pilots performed tracking and recover tasks with both formats. Recoveries were performed from both, sudden (discrete) and continuously developing attitude changes. Independent of whether novices or pilots were considered, the general superiority of the moving-aircraft format was confirmed. As expected, the benefits of this format became even more evident with progressive attitude changes. No differences were found for tracking. The results add to the evidence favoring the moving-aircraft over the moving-horizon format for both novices and pilots. The moving-aircraft format of the attitude indicator should at least be considered as a standard for new applications, such as ground control stations of unmanned aerial vehicles. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Spatial and human crowdedness, time pressure, and Chinese traveler word-of-mouth behaviors for Korean restaurants

This study aimed to examine the perceived crowdedness (Human, Spatial), emotions, customer satisfaction, and WOM intentions relationships while visiting a crowded restaurant in Korea. Additionally, it estimated the potential moderating role of perceived time pressure on the proposed structural model. The obtained cross-sectional survey data was evaluated and validated utilizing a systematic analysis process. The results indicated both significant and insignificant relationships of spatial crowdedness and human crowdedness to generate positive and negative emotions. It also determines the critical role of perceived time pressure in moderating the relationship between satisfaction and WOM intentions. The implications for marketing managers and future research directions in restaurants were also discussed.

Impact of Age Stereotypes on Older Adults’ Cognitive Performance: An Experimental View on Aging Consumers

The “contamination hypothesis” (Rothermund and Brandtstädter, 2003; Levy, 2003) assumes that negative external stereotypes significantly influence the cognitive and functional well-being of older people. Negative stereotypes also play an important role in consumer decision-making and responses to sales talks. Two surveys in home environments, using a snowball-system, with subjects randomly assigned to the different conditions in a 2x2-design (age stereotype x time pressure, study 1: n=151, Mage=65, study 2: n=122, Mage=68) show that older consumers, primed with negative age stereotypes, are less effective in correctly evaluating the value-for-money-ratios of different offers), especially when they perceive time pressure (=moderator). Self-efficacy is identified as a significant mediator, explaining the impact of stereotypes on performance. Contamination via “talking down” to older consumers also occurs in sales talks. In a “vignette” experiment, patronizing (vs. neutral) communication impairs the cognitive performance (measured via recall of information) of older consumers (n=86, Mage=69,) and leads to dissatisfaction.

The challenge of interprofessional collaboration in emergency department team triage – An interpretive description

To explore emergency nurses' and physicians' experience of collaboration and collective decision-making when triaging older Emergency Department patients within the interprofessional team triage system. Qualitative. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven nurses and five physicians. Transcripts were analysed via Interpretive Description between September 2016-May 2017. 'Negotiating collaboration' was developed as the main theme. Three subthemes influenced the negotiation process: Participants described divergent opinions on how an optimal triage system should work ('preferences for triage systems'); they had conflicting perceptions of each profession's role ('role perceptions'); and they expressed different coping strategies regarding 'perceived time pressure'. The compatibility of participants' views on these sub-themes determined whether the nurse and physician were able to successfully negotiate their collaboration. These themes became more evident when the team triaged older ED patients. Improving interprofessional team triage requires working with the involved nurses' and physicians' values and beliefs. The strengths of both professions need to be considered and a flexible approach to collaboration established according to the patients' situations. Emergency Department leaders need to consider nurses' and physicians' values and beliefs to promote interprofessional collaboration in team triage.

Understanding on-the-go consumption: A retail mix perspective

On-the-go (OTG) consumption is a growing phenomenon in the food and beverage industry. Drawing on the theory of consumption values, this study is conducted to acquire a better understanding of the influence that retail-mix elements have on OTG consumption outcomes. Specifically, this study examines the role of value for money, customer service, general assortments and healthy assortments in driving intention and satisfaction related to OTG consumption. The study also assesses the conditional value generated by the consumer's health orientation, impulsiveness and perceived time pressure. Based on a sample of 433 OTG consumers, and applying multi-group structural equation modelling (SEM) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), value for money was identified as the key driver of OTG consumption outcomes. Impulsiveness and time pressure are shown to increase the effects of value for money perceptions on OTG consumption intention, while health orientation enhances the relationship between customer service and satisfaction. This study contributes to the literature on OTG consumption, explains the managerial implications for retailers, and offers recommendations to target OTG consumers better.

What Impact Does Accreditation Have on Workplaces? A Qualitative Study to Explore the Perceptions of Healthcare Professionals About the Process of Accreditation.

AimThis study seeks to explore the emerging psychosocial risks of healthcare accreditation in workplaces and understand healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) perceptions of work demands and the unexpected consequences such accreditation has created for them.MethodsTwenty-seven semi-structured interviews and four focus group discussions were conducted with a variety of HCPs, including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and allied health professionals. The study was conducted in three public hospitals and a network of primary healthcare centers in the United Arab Emirates. Interviews and focus group discussions were transcribed and analyzed using a theoretical thematic analysis approach.ResultsThe results showed that a number of psychosocial risks were prevalent during the course of accreditation. HCPs faced increased work demands during such a process, including increased working hours, increased working pace, perceived time pressure, and conflicting information. Such demands were perceived to influence not only their health but also their families as well as patients’ care. In contrast, teamwork and coworker support were vital to mitigate the effect of such demands.ImplicationsThis study identified emerging risks during the process of accreditation. The findings show that the process of accreditation increases work-related risks before the inspection visit. These findings have significant implications for understanding how accreditation processes increase psychosocial risks; they also consolidate the idea that appropriate systems and support for HCPs should be a priority when planning for accreditation.

Under Pressure: Time Management, Self-Leadership, and the Nurse Manager

Decision making by nurses is complicated by the stress, chaos, and challenging demands of the work. One of the major stressors confronting nurses is perceived time pressure. Given the potential negative outcomes on nurses due to perceived time pressures, it seems logical that a nurse manager’s ability to lead nurses in moderating this time pressure and in turn to make better decisions could enhance nurse well-being and performance. Paralleling research in the nursing literature suggests that, in order to improve patients’ judgement of the care they received, nurse managers should embrace ways to lower nurses’ perceived time pressure. In this conceptual paper, we propose a model to help mitigate time pressure on nurse managers and their frontline nurses based on the research regarding time pressure, psychosocial care, time management, and self-leadership. Three metaconjectures and suggested future studies are given for further consideration by organizational and psychological researchers.

Time Pressure Experienced by Internal Medicine Residents in an Educational Hospital in Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative Study

PurposeResidents suffer from high workload and extended working hours, which have several negative consequences on their mental health and patients' safety. Similarly, time pressure, which is also part of the clinical training of medical residents, may have adverse effects on their performance. The aim of this study was to explore internal medicine residents’ perceptions of time pressure sources in the workplace, its negative effects on them and their patients and finally what strategies they adopt to cope with them. MethodThis was a focus group qualitative study. Seventeen internal medicine residents from all four years of the residency training were recruited. A semi-structured interview approach was used, and data were analyzed using thematic analysis. ResultsParticipants perceived their work as stressful and very demanding. Four major themes emerged to explain the sources of time pressure in the workplace: patient-related factors; practice-related factors; training-related factors; and resident-related factors. In addition, two main themes arose to show the negative effects of time pressure on residents: the effects on residents' health and the effects on residents’ performance. Data also showed two main coping strategies, which can be summarized as: active adaptive coping and avoidant maladaptive coping. DiscussionThis in depth-qualitative study highlights the sources and consequences of perceived time pressure in clinical training of internal medicine residents. Residents feel this adverse working condition could have substantial adverse effects on their health and performance.

Modelling consumers’ acceptance for the click and collect service

This study investigates possibilities for developing a click and collect service in the context of e-commerce and attempts to identify the consumer characteristics that determine the acceptance of this service. Data of 285 e-commerce consumers were collected through an online questionnaire using banners uploaded in seven online retailers' sites. Binary logit models are developed to analyze the data and relate consumer characteristics to their intention to use and pay for the click and collect service. Perceived environmental contribution of the click and collect service, perceived time pressure, car use in the city center and frequency of online shopping significantly affect consumers’ intention to use the service. The model results provide information that can be used to choose location points and design marketing and pricing policies that will make the click and collect service attractive to customers.

The impact of individual differences on investigative hypothesis generation under time pressure

When decisions are made under time pressure, individuals tend to reduce the number of hypotheses generated to explain and solve problems. This research investigates the extent to which individual differences in (a) domain-specific experience, (b) fluid intelligence, (c) need for closure (NFC), and (d) time urgency moderated the effect of time pressure on investigative hypothesis generation. Korean detectives ( N = 133) participated in simulated investigative scenarios. To induce the perception of time pressure, one group was informed that the task would have to be completed under time pressure ( N = 66), whereas the other group did not receive this instruction ( N = 67); although both groups had the same amount of time). Outcomes included the number and quality of hypotheses generated for solving the case. The quality of hypotheses generated was measured against criteria established by expert detectives. Results revealed that time pressure directly decreased the quantity and quality of hypotheses generated. In the relationships, low time urgency moderated the effect of time pressure on the number and quality of hypotheses generated, also low NFC moderated the impact of time pressure on the number of hypotheses generated. Furthermore, the most experienced detectives were least affected by the negative association between time pressure and the quality of hypotheses generated. The findings suggest lower time urgency, lower NFC and more experience are adaptive ‘protective’ factors against the negative impact of time pressure on hypothesis generation within high stakes and uncertain situations such as rape investigations.

Nature doesn't judge you - how urban nature supports young people's mental health and wellbeing in a diverse UK city.

Reviewed research reveals a lack of young people's voices articulating if and how urban nature supports their mental health and wellbeing. This paper presents qualitative research with young multi-ethnic urban residents living in a northern UK city and offers an important counter-narrative to the pervasive notion of childhood nature-deficit disorder. Using interviews and creative arts workshops, we explored the value of urban nature for the mental health and wellbeing of 24 young people aged 17-27 years, 9 of whom had lived experience of mental health difficulties. Trees, water, open spaces and views were frequently experienced nature typologies offering benefits. Deteriorating landscapes, young people's shifting identities and perceived time pressures disrupted support. Young people expressed how urban nature encounters were experienced as accepting and relational, offering a: stronger sense of self; feelings of escape; connection and care with the human and non-human world.

Decision-Making under Time Pressure when Rescheduling Daily Activities

Abstract Generally during the execution of the daily schedule, there is a mismatch between the plan and the reality. Faced with unexpected events, which affect the schedule, individuals need to reschedule their decisions. In such situations, time is an important factor when making a rescheduling decision, as people feel time pressure because of the time threshold. Consequently, the rescheduling decision is made under the individual’s own perceived time pressure (PTP). PTP does not only depend on the actual time pressure, but also on the individual’s characteristics. The aim of this paper is to establish a model to simulate the individual decision behavior under PTP. Under different levels of PTP, individuals will choose different strategies to make the decision, and there are three decision strategies to consider: optimal, salient and experience.

The relationship between perceived time pressure and food practices among UK adults in employment

The relationship between perceived time pressure and food practices among UK adults in employment

The Mediating Effects of Time Management on Accounting Students’ Perception of Time Pressure, Satisfaction with the Major, and Academic Performance

We model a relationship between accounting students’ individual characteristics (locus of control and personal need for structure) and satisfaction with the accounting major and academic performance. We hypothesize that perception of time pressure on exams, time management behaviors, and perceived control of time mediate the relationship. We find that locus of control and desire for structure influence time management behavior. These behaviors, in turn, influence perceived control of time and satisfaction, but not performance. Our results suggest potential benefit of counseling accounting students on time management behaviors

Are we in Time? An Actor-Partner Interdependence Approach toward Time Pressure

Although research has shown that time pressure can shape employees’ behavior and work outcomes, little remains known about how differing perceptions of time pressure between cooperating individuals...

Creativity under Time Pressure? When Resources Buffer Energy Depletion

This paper presents a theoretical model of how changes in perceived time pressure affect employee creativity at work. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, we argue that an increase in time ...

사회 관계망 크기가 대학생들의 안녕감에 미치는 영향: 지각된 시간 압박감과 경제적 지위의 조절효과

사회심리학에서는 사회적 소속과 사회적 관계의 중요성에 대한 연구가 활발하게 이루어져 왔다. 그러나 사회적 관계를 형성하고 유지하기 위해 필요한 자원들(시간과 돈)을 고려하였을 때, 어떠한 크기의 사회 관계망이 개인의 안녕감을 더 높이는지 검증한 연구는 드문 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 대학생들이 주관적으로 경험하는 시간 압박감과 경제적 지위에 따라, 이들의 사회 관계망 크기와 심리적 안녕감 사이의 관계가 달라지는지 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 4년제 대학 남녀 학부생 296명에게 사회 관계망 크기, 시간 압박감, 경제적 지위 및 심리적 안녕감에 대하여 온라인으로 응답하도록 하였다. 그 결과, 심리적 안녕감의 하위 요인들 중 하나인 긍정적 대인관계 안녕감에서 객관적 사회 관계망 크기, 시간 압박감 및 주관적 경제적 지위 간의 삼원 상호작용 효과를 관찰할 수 있었다(p=.050). 즉, 주관적으로 지각하는 시간 압박감이 높고 경제적 지위가 낮을 경우, 객관적 사회 관계망 크기가 클수록 긍정적 대인관계 안녕감 수준이 높아졌다. 이러한 결과는 대학생들에게 사회 관계망이 사회적인 자본으로 기능할 가능성을 시사한다. 마지막으로, 본 연구의 의의, 제한점 및 후속 연구 방향에 대하여 논하였다.

Journalists’ Perception of Time Pressure: A Global Perspective

ABSTRACTThis study presents the first global perspective on journalists’ perception of temporal acceleration in their professional life. Based on the second wave of Worlds of Journalism Study data, encompassing 63 countries and 26,514 replies, the article pursues the question of how journalists perceive time pressure at the workplace. The article looks further at the answers of those journalists who have been in the job for more than five years, whether they saw time pressure increase, decrease or stay the same. Based on a sample of 17,382 responses, this study places the answers into distinct clusters. These are used to establish a ranking of the 63 countries in terms of work time perceptions. It emerges that, even when using the single indicator of time pressure, clear inferences can be made about the ways information is acquired and how this affects journalists’ working practices.

Antecedents of department heads’ job autonomy, role clarity, and self-efficacy for instructional leadership

ABSTRACT Department heads are increasingly responsible for instructional leadership. Therefore, it is important to understand the antecedents of self-efficacy in their work, which can motivate them to increase their leadership efforts. Our theoretical model depends on principals’ feedback for department heads, department heads’ trust in their principals, and perceptions of time pressure. We argue that the relational trust between department heads and principals creates social exchanges that catalyze department heads’ self-efficacy in instructional leadership, perceived job autonomy, and perceived role clarity. We explored our theoretical model using structural equation modeling of cross-sectional survey data completed anonymously by department heads. We found that effective feedback-based school leadership is positively related to department heads’ self-efficacy and perceptions of job autonomy and role clarity, with relational trust between the principal and department heads playing a key role. Time pressure is also positively associated with department heads’ mentoring self-efficacy. This study fills a gap in the literature and contributes to the field of leadership in learning by explaining the various antecedents to department heads’ self-efficacy, perceived job autonomy, and role clarity.

Work-related barriers and resources of migrant and autochthonous homecare nurses in Germany: A qualitative comparative study

BackgroundThere is substantial research about the occupational health of nurses worldwide. However, empirical evidence about the psychosocial health of migrant and minority nurses in outpatient settings in Germany in comparison to that of autochthonous nurses is lacking. ObjectivesThis study aims to identify work-related stressors, resources and the corresponding coping strategies of migrant and minority nurses in comparison to autochthonous nurses. Design24 migrant and 24 autochthonous nurses employed in the German homecare sector were interviewed in qualitative explorative manner while a distinction was made between non-commercial and private-commercial services. SettingsThe interviews took place in the nursing services' premises or in the nurses' private homes. ParticipantsServices were randomly chosen among all homecare providers in the second largest German federal city-state Hamburg. Nurses were invited for an interview, once their management agreed to participate in the study. Registered nurses and nursing assistants as well as those with a foreign certificate but validated or in process were eligible to participate. MethodsRelevant literature findings formed the base for the semi-structured interview guide. Key areas in the interview guide were barriers, resources and coping strategies in the collaboration with colleagues, superiors and clients as well as in the collaboration within a linguistically and culturally diverse team and clients. The conventional approach to qualitative content analysis by Hsieh and Shannon guided the analysis. ResultsRegardless of their origin or culture, nurses perceive time pressure, lifting patients, lack of appreciation or the client's personal fate as burdening. In the intercultural context, the divergent understanding of behavioral patterns as well as of nursing care and a non-functioning communication impede the collaboration within a diverse nursing workforce. Migrant and minority nurses suffer prejudices, verbal and sexual harassment proceeding from their clients. However they keep it to themselves and don't broach it to their supervisors or colleagues. The interaction with humans, the verbal exchange with colleagues and supervisors at eye level as well as the sensemaking of being a nurse helps nurses to cope with occupational stressors. ConclusionsDifferences in language is a main stressor which impedes a functioning team collaboration as well as a positive nurse-client relationship. Migrant and autochthonous nurses share similar coping strategies to master occupational burdens. A good collaboration within the team and having an appreciative supervisor are resources that support migrant and minority nurses as well as autochthonous nurses to face the stressors and to cope with those. Migrant nurses of different origin perceive their status as migrants as a sense of community by sharing commonalities. Contribution of the paperWhat is already known about the topic?•The growing demand for care due to the demographic change leads to an increasing trend to hire healthcare personnel such as nurses from abroad.•The nurses' workplace is characterized by physically and psychologically demanding tasks leading to musculoskeletal pain and job dissatisfaction.•Migrant healthcare workers experience additional stressors like discrimination practices as well acculturative stress.What this paper adds:•Migrant and Autochthonous nurses share similar coping strategies to master occupational burdens•Differences in language is a main stressor, which impedes a functioning team collaboration as well as a working nurse-client relationship. More autochthonous than migrant and minority nurses report these differences as stressful.•Migrant nurses of different origin perceive their status as migrants as a sense of community by sharing the same destiny – this appears as an important resource for migrant and minority nurses.