Peptic Activity Research Articles

Efficient role of Herbs used in Ulcer Therapy

Peptic ulcers, commonly referred to as PUDs or peptic ulcer disease, are very painful ulcers that typically occur in an acidic portion of the gastrointestinal tract. Either increased aggression or decreased mucosal resistance might upset the natural equilibrium, leading to ulceration. It could be brought on by stress, erratic eating patterns, frequent drug use, and other factors. Peptic ulcers develop when there is a breakdown in the mucosal barrier along with acidity and peptic activity in the stomach liquid. Mucosal resistance to damage is significantly disrupted by two major factors: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs). However, in comparison to traditional remedies, these pharmaceuticals are more costly and probably have more negative effects. Pain relief, ulcer healing, and delaying the recurrence of the ulcer are the optimal goals of peptic ulcer disease treatment. The traditional, ethnobotanical, and ethnopharmaceutical uses of Indian herbal plants are unique. A few plants that may be utilised to treat or prevent peptic ulcers have been the subject of informational attempts in this review. Pain relief, ulcer healing, and recurrence prevention are the main objectives of peptic ulcer disease treatment.

Aqueous extract of the bark of Uncaria tomentosa, an amazonian medicinal plant, promotes gastroprotection and accelerates gastric healing in rats

Ethnopharmacological importanceUncaria tomentosa Willd. DC., is used in the Amazonian region of South America, wherein ethnic groups use the plant to treat diseases, including gastric disorders. However, despite its widespread popular use, this species has yet to be assessed for its anti-ulcer effects. Aim of the studyIn this study, we aimed to evaluate the in vivo gastroprotective and gastric healing activities of an aqueous extract of the bark of Uncaria tomentosa (AEUt) and sought to gain an understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms underlying these biological effects. Materials and methodsTo verify the gastroprotective properties rats were treated with AEUt (30, 60, or 120 mg/kg) prior to inducing gastric ulceration with ethanol or piroxicam. Additionally, the involvement of nitric oxide, non-protein sulfhydryl compounds (NP-SH), α-2 adrenergic receptors, and prostaglandins was investigated. Furthermore, a pylorus ligature model was employed to investigate the antisecretory activity of AEUt. The gastric healing effects of AEUt (60 mg/kg) were examined in rats in which ulceration had been induced with 80% acetic acid, whereas the quality of healing was evaluated in mice with interleukin-induced recurrent ulcers. We also evaluated the in vivo thickness of the gastric wall using ultrasonography. Moreover, the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated in ulcerated mucosa, and we determined the activities of the enzymes myeloperoxidase (MPO), N-acetyl-β-D-glycosaminidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase. In addition, we assessed the effects of AEUt on cell viability and subjected the AEUt to phytochemical analyses. ResultsAdministration of the AEUt (60 or 120 mg/kg) prevented ethanol- and piroxicam-induced ulceration, which was also confirmed histologically. Moreover, we observed that pre-treatment with NEM and indomethacin abolished the gastroprotective effects of AEUt, thereby indicating the involvement of NP-SH and prostaglandins in these protective effects. In addition, we found that the administration of AEUt had no appreciable effects on the volume, acidity, or peptic activity of gastric juice. Furthermore, the AEUt (60 mg/kg) accelerated the gastric healing of acetic acid-induced ulcers by 46.2% and ultrasonographic findings revealed a reduction in the gastric wall thickness in this group. The gastric healing effect of AEUt was also accompanied by a reduction in MPO activity. The AEUt (60 mg/kg) also minimized ulcer recurrence in mice exposed to IL-1β and was associated with the maintenance of GSH levels and a reduction in MDA contents. We deduce that the biological effects of AEUt could be associated with the activities of polyphenols and the alkaloids isomitraphylline and mitraphylline, identified as predominant constituents of the AEUt. Furthermore, we found no evidence to indicate that AEUt would have any cytotoxic effects. ConclusionCollectively, our findings provide compelling evidence indicating the therapeutic efficacy of U. tomentosa. Our data indicate that compounds in AEUt confer gastroprotection and that this preventive effect of AEUt was accompanied by gastric healing and a reduction in gastric ulcer recurrence. Moreover, we provide evidence to indicate that the gastroprotective and gastric healing effects involve the antioxidant system and anti-inflammatory responses that contribute to preserving the gastric mucosa.

Manganese abated indomethacin-induced gastrohepatorenal toxicities in Rats via suppression of oxidative stress, polyamine catabolism, inflammation and activation of Caspase-3

Indomethacin (IND) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with many therapeutic benefits and multi-organ toxicities. Manganese (Mn) is a trace metal essential in many biological processes. However, there is dearth of information concerning the effect of Mn on IND-induced gastrohepatorenal damage in rats. This study investigated the mitigating effect of manganese on IND-induced gastrohepatorenal damage in rats. Adult male rats were assigned into four groups of eight rats each and were treated once daily for 14 days. Group 1 served as control; group 2 received IND alone (5 mg/kg); group 3 received IND (5 mg/kg) and Mn alone (10 mg/kg) and group 4 received Mn alone Mn alone (10 mg/kg). Administration of IND significantly increased ulcer score, ulcer index, titrable acidity and peptic activity and decreased pH, mucus content, hexosamine and sialic acid levels. IND also increased hepatorenal markers, myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (•NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH), protein carbonyl (PCO), spermine oxidase (SpmOX), putrescine Oxidase (PutOX), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) interleukin-1β (IL-1β), caspase-3 and decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH) level relative to control. Co-administration of IND and Mn significantly decreased ulcerogenic parameters, hepatorenal markers, MPO, •NO, MDA, LOOH, PCO, SpmOX, PutOX, TNF-α, IL-1β, caspase-3 and increased antioxidant status relative to IND alone group.Histological examination showed that injuries induced by IND were ameliorated by Mn rats.Mn suppressed IND-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, polyamine catabolism and caspase-3 activation in the liver and kidney of the rats.

A Study of Various Medicinal Plants used in Ulcer Treatment: A Review

Many people suffer from ulcer, a disorder of the digestive tract. Simply put, it's an inflamed break in the skin or the mucus membrane lining the digestive tract. Whenever there is a change in the equilibrium, such as increased aggression or decreased mucosal resistance, ulceration develops. Reasons for this could include drug use, poor diet, stress, and other similar factors. Peptic ulcers are a general term for any type of stomach or duodenal ulcer. To develop, peptic ulcers need mucosal defences to be compromised in addition to gastric juice acid and peptic activity. Ulcers can be treated with a variety of synthetic medications. However, compared to herbal remedies, these drugs are more costly and more likely to cause side effects. According to the research, many different ayurvedic doctors and traditional medicine practitioners use different medicinal plants and polyherbal formulations to treat ulcers. Peptic ulcer disease treatment should focus on symptom alleviation, ulcer healing, and preventing recurrence. In this article, we'll take a look at some medicinal plants that have been studied for their potential use in peptic ulcer treatment and prevention, both in ayurveda and Western medicine.

Antiulcer mechanisms of the hydroalcoholic extract from Aztec marigolds' medicinal and edible flowers (Tagetes erecta L.).

The antiulcer mechanisms of the dry extract of T. erecta flowers (DETe) were studied here. The acute ulcers induced by acidified ethanol or indomethacin were reproduced in mice pretreated with DETe (3 - 300 mg/kg). The antiulcer activity of DETe was also verified in mice pretreated with NEM, L-NAME, indomethacin, or yohimbine. The antisecretory effect of DETe was verified in rats, and its anti-Helicobacter pylori activity was determined in vitro. DETe (300 mg/kg, p.o) reduced the ethanol- or indomethacin-induced ulcer by 49 and 93%, respectively. The pre-treatment with L-NAME, NEM or yohimbine abolished the gastroprotective effect of DETe. However, DETe did not change the volume, acidity, or peptic activity in rats and did not affect H. pylori. This study expands knowledge about the antiulcerogenic potential of DETe, evidencing the role of nitric oxide, non-protein sulfhydryl groups, α2 adrenergic receptors, and prostaglandins, but not antisecretory or anti-H. pylori properties.

Gastroprotective and gastric healing effects of the aqueous extract of Casearia sylvestris in rodents: Ultrasound, histological and biochemical analyzes

Ethnopharmacological importanceCasearia sylvestris Sw. (Salicaceae) is a native plant from the Americas, where it is also known as “guaçatonga” or “erva-de-bugre.” Although its leaves have been commonly used to treat inflammation and gastrointestinal disorders in South America, the antiulcer effects of an aqueous extract from this medicinal plant, similar to popular use, have not to be investigated yet. Aim of the studyThis study evaluated the hypothesis that the aqueous extract a of C. sylvestris (AEC) prevents the gastric ulcers and accelerates the healing of ulcers already installed, by assessing ultrasound imaging, histological and biochemical analyses. Materials and methodsRats (females) were treated with AEC (3, 30 or 300 mg/kg) prior to the ethanol or piroxicam-induced gastric ulcers. The healing effect of AEC (300 mg/kg) was examined in 80% acetic acid-induced ulcer in rats, whereas the quality of healing was evaluated in recurrent 10% acetic acid-induced ulcer in mice with recurrence induced by interleukin 1β. To assess the responses of the lesions, in addition to the classical methods used to analyze gastroprotection (ex vivo), we also measured the gastric wall thickness (in vivo) using ultrasonography. After euthanasia, the extent of ulcer was determined and the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), nitrate, and the activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO), N-acetyl-β-D-glycosaminidase (NAG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were measured. The antisecretory activity of AEC was also examined based on pylorus ligated rats. Furthermore, gastric tissue samples were analyzed histologically, and phytochemical analyses of the C. sylvestris extract were parallelly performed. ResultsThe AEC (30 or 300 mg/kg) prevented ulcers in the ethanol- and piroxicam-induced acute. Moreover, the AEC at a dose of 300 mg/kg also accelerated the gastric healing of acetic acid-induced ulcer in rats by 48% and the ultrasonography records shown a decrease in the wall thickness and the extent of edema of ulcerous lesions promoted by the extract. The gastric healing effect of AEC was also accompanied by reduced MPO and NAG activities at acetic acid-induced ulcer in rats; as well as was by the reduction in the nitrate and LOOH levels, the increase in mucin and SOD activity, and by a partial recovery of GSH levels. The AEC (300 mg/kg) minimized the ulcer recurrence in mice exposed to IL-1β, but the extract administration did not change pH or peptic activity of gastric juice in pylorus ligated rats. ConclusionThe results of this study provide convincing evidence for the therapeutic efficacy of C. sylvestris with respect to gastroprotection and indicate that ultrasound examination would be a potentially promising approach for evaluating gastroprotective effects in vivo. Collectively, our findings indicate that the gastric the gastroprotective and healing effects of aqueous extract C. sylvestris involve a reduction in acid secretion, promotion of the antioxidant system, reductions in the migration of neutrophils and mast cells, with a consequent lower inflammatory response, and the preservation of mucin.

Cytoprotective Effect of Methanol Extract of Laportea aestuans on Acidified Ethanol-induced Gastric Ulcer in Male Wistar Rats

Laportea aestuans (Urticaceae) plant is widely distributed in tropical rain forests and used as remedial agent for various diseases in Nigeria by herbal practitioners. Ethanol consumption is one of the common causes of gastric ulcer due to excessive generation of reactive oxygen species and erosion of gastric mucosal layer. This study investigated the cytoprotective effect of pretreatment with methanol extract of Laportea aestuans (MELA) for 7 days on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in male Wistar rats using cimetidine as a standard drug. Ulcerogenic parameters, oxidative damage, inflammatory and apoptotic markers were evaluated. MELA showed a significant dose-dependent (p < 0.01) decrease in ulcer score (US), ulcer index (UI) and peptic activity with an increase in mucus content and percentage inhibition compared to the ethanol group. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and level of reduced glutathione (GSH) were also increased with concomitant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) level in MELA treated rats. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and activities of cytochrome c (Cyt c), caspases-3 and -9 (CASPS-3 and -9) were also reduced by administration of MELA. Taking together, this study shows that MELA protected the gastric mucosal against the assault induced by ethanol via upregulation of the antioxidant system, and downregulation of inflammatory and apoptotic processes.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 Oral administration of ethanol to Wistar rats induced gastric ulceration
 Oral administration of ethanol to Wistar rats caused ulcer by generation of ROS, inflammation and induce apoptosis
 Pretreatment of rats with methanol extract of Laportea aestuans (MELA) preserved the gastric mucosal integrityby boosting antioxidant defence system and inhibiting inflammatory and apoptotic processes
 
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Evaluation of acute toxicity and antiulcer activity of Pepgard tablet: An Ayurvedic formulation.

In traditional Indian medicine, several plants have been used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, including gastric ulcers. Pepgard tablet is an Ayurvedic compound formulation widely used in clinical practice as an antacid for treating nonulcer dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux, and drug-induced gastritis. Evaluation of acute toxicity of Pepgard tablet and antiulcer activity against gastric ulcer induced by aspirin plus pyloric ligation in albino rats. Acute toxicity was studied as per OECD 425 guideline at a limit dose of 2000 mg/kg in female albino rats. Antiulcer activity was assessed by aspirin plus pyloric ligation model at two dose levels (90 and 180 mg/kg, po). Gastric juice parameters, stomach tissue parameters, and histopathological study along with an assessment of ulcer index were assessed. Pepgard did not produce any toxicity or lethality at a limit dose of 2000 mg/kg and was found safe in female albino rats. Pepgard at both dose levels showed an antiulcer effect as evidenced by an increase in pH value, decreased acidity, and peptic activity of gastric juice along with a decrease in ulcer index and increased antioxidant status of damaged gastric mucosa as revealed by an increase in catalase, glutathione, etc., in stomach homogenate of albino rats. The present study of Pepgard tablet revealed its safety in acute toxicity studies and can be categorized as substances with low health hazard potential. Pepgard has been shown to be effective as an antacid, anti-ulcer, and to have gastroprotective effects against experimentally-induced ulcerogenesis in albino rats.

Gastroprotective activity of hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of Urera baccifera in rodents.

The species Urera baccifera (L.) Gaudich. ex Wedd. (Urticaceae) is native to the Americas and is distributed widely throughout Brazil, where it is known as urtiga-brava, urtiga-vermelha, or urtigão. The leaves are often used as anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic agents and for the treatment of gastric disorders. However, the pharmacological mode of action underlying the gastroprotection induced by this species has not been investigated. To contribute to the knowledge of the gastroprotective mode of action of the hydroalcoholic extract of U. baccifera (HEU) leaves. Antiulcerogenic effect of HEU against ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcer was evaluated in rats and mice at doses of 3-300mg/kg. NO-synthase inhibitor (L-NAME), SH blocker (NEM), cyclooxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin) and alpha 2-adrenergic receptor antagonist yohimbine were used to evaluate the participation of cytoprotective factors in HEU gastroprotection. Moreover, the levels of reduced gluthatione (GSH) and cytokines (TNF, IL-6, IL4 and IL-10), as well as the enzymatic activity of gluthatione S-transferase (GST), myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measure. Moreover, the samples were analyzed histologically and the antisecretory capability of HEU were quantified using pylorus ligated rats. The phytochemical analysis of HEU (UPLC/ESI-IT-MS) identified the flavonoids diosmetin and apigenin glucuronide. Furthermore, HEU decreased the occurrence of ethanol-induced ulcers at 30 and 300mg/kg by 57% and 66%, respectively, compared with the vehicle. The gastroprotective effects were accompanied by increased GSH levels and GST and SOD activity as well as by reduced MPO activity in vivo and in vitro, revealing antioxidant effects and inhibition of neutrophil infiltration. The beneficial effects of 30 and 300mg/kg HEU were also observed upon histological analyses. Regarding the mode of action, the gastroprotective effect of HEU was abolished by the pre-administration of L-NAME, NEM, indomethacin or yohimbine. Moreover, HEU was able to decrease the IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10 in ulcerated tissue, as well as the pepsin activity of the gastric juice in pylorus-ligated rats. Together, the results confirmed that the gastroprotection elicited by HEU was due reduction in oxidative damage, neutrophil migration, and peptic activity. This work validates the popular use of U. baccifera to treat gastric disorders and supports important future research for the identification of gastroprotective molecules from this species.

Gastroprotective effect of cilostazol against ethanol- and pylorus ligation-induced gastric lesions in rats.

Despite the availability of effective antiulcer medications, their suboptimal safety profile ignites the search for alternative/complementary treatments. Drug repositioning is an attractive, efficient, and low-risk strategy. Cilostazol, a clinically used phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, has pronounced anti-inflammatory and vasodilatory effects suggesting antiulcer activity. Using ethanol-induced and pyloric ligation-induced gastric ulcer models, we investigated the gastroprotective effect of cilostazol (5 or 10mg/kg, p.o.) in comparison with the standard antiulcer ranitidine (50mg/kg, p.o.) in rats. Gastric mucosa was examined macroscopically, histologically, and biochemically for ulcer severity, markers of oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines, apoptotic, and cytoprotective mediators. Gastric acidic output, peptic activity, and mucin content were measured in gastric fluids. Pretreatment with cilostazol reduced ulcer number and severity, ameliorated redox status (reduced glutathione and malonaldehyde content), and decreased levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-훼 in gastric mucosa, in parallel with increases in mucosal defensive factors nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) promoting mucus secretion, tissue perfusion, and regeneration. Histological examination confirmed the beneficial effects of cilostazol in terms of reducing focal necrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells, as well as increasing mucopolysaccharide content. These beneficial effects are likely secondary to an increase in cAMP and decrease in apoptosis regulator Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX). Cilostazol, in a dose-dependent effect, exhibited vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic actions in the gastric mucosa resulting in significant antiulcer activity comparable with the standard drug, ranitidine, but devoid of antisecretory activity. Therefore, its use should be dose and ulcer-inducer dependent.

Indian Medicinal Plants For Treatment of Ulcer: Systematic Review

Peptic ulcers are a broad term that includes ulcers of digestive tract in the stomach or the duodenum. The formation of peptic ulcers depends on the presence of acid and peptic activity in gastric juice plus a breakdown in mucosal defenses. Gastric ulcers occur commonly at old age and lower socio-economic class of individuals. At the present time many article gives a general idea of ulcer and its treatment by using synthetic drugs. But due to their limitation and side effects we no longer used synthetic drugs. According to published results, it can be said that medical plants are more affordable and have less side effects compared synthetic drugs, and are more effective in treatment of ulcer. India still depends on medicinal plants and they have played an important role in treatment and prevention of ulcers. This article will be concerned only the pharmacology of that plant which shows the antiulcer effects and among all the plants which one is more potent for anti-ulcer. Further investigations are needed to explore the more potent lead compounds with lesser side effects.

ANTIULCER ACTIVITY OF AMARANTHUS SPINOSUS LEAF EXTRACT AND ITS COMPARISION WITH FAMOTIDINE IN SHAY RATS

Anti-ulcer activities of petroleum ether, chloroform, Ethanolic extract of Amaranthus spinosus leaf were tested for anti-gastric ulcer activity in Shay rat model. Oral dose of 400mg/kg of ethanolic extract reduced the ulceration and with 800mg/kg body weight ethanolic extract there is the complete absence of ulceration. The anti-gastric activity of ethanolic extract of A.spinosus 800mg/kg body weight was found to be equal to the effect produced by 2mg/kg of Famotidine orally. The reduction in gastric activity was more with Famotidine and the reduction in peptic activity is more with ethanolic extract of A.spinosus . All extracts are safe up to 4000mg/kg. The result of petroleum ether, chloroform and aqueous extract in respect of anti-ulcer activity are less prominent. Keywords: Amaranthus spinosus, Shay rat model, Famotidine, Peptic activity

Pharmacognostical Overview of “Gunma Kuligai” – a Traditional Siddha Preparation for Treating Acid Peptic Disease (APD)

The importance of Herbal medicines is increasing nowadays. This impact creates a huge awareness among public to undergo traditional treatment methods in order to maintain a disease free healthy life. This concept in particularly true when it comes to the management of Non-communicable diseases (N.C.D). Not only in developing countries like India, the demand of herbal medicines are increasing in developed Countries due to growing recognition of natural plants possessing no drastic side effects, being time tested, easily availability and also cost effectiveness. According to Traditional Indian Siddha system of medicine, Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is denoted as ‘Gunmam’ [1]. It is again classified into 8 types according to the symptoms and clinical picture. Gunmam (PUD) is one among the major and commonly occurring problem worldwide. Peptic ulcers are a broad term that includes ulcers of digestive tract in the stomach or the duodenum. The formation of peptic ulcers depends on the presence of acid and peptic activity in gastric juice plus a breakdown in mucosal defenses. The authors of this paper, decided to document the literary review of ‘Gunma Kuligai (GK)’ having its reference in Traditional Siddha text, “Sikitcha rathna deepam” [2]. Complete literary review and Pharmacological activities of the ‘Gunma kuligai’ for its antiulcer and gastroprotective effects are documented here. Keywords: Gunmam, Life style disorders, Non-communicable diseases, Peptic ulcer, Siddha Indian Medicine.

Assessment of Protective Effects of Extracts of Zingiber officinale and Althaea officinalis on Pyloric Ligation-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Experimental Animals

Gastric ulcer is one of the most gastro-intestinal disorders in world. There are many drugs used for the treatment of gastric ulcer, but most of these associates with several adverse effects. In the present study we investigate the protective effects of extracts of Zingiber officinale and Althaea officinalis on pyloric ligation-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Animals were divided into 5 groups; a normal control group, an ulcer control group, a standard treatment group receiving famotidine (20 mg/kg), and two treatment groups receiving Z. officinale extract (100 mg/kg) and A.officinalis extract (100 mg/kg). Treatments were given orally for 14 days. On the 15th day, animals were subjected to pyloric ligation except normal control group. Four hours later, rat stomachs were excised and gastric juice and blood samples were collected. Pyloric ligation significant increases ulcer number, ulcer index, gastric volume, titratble acidity, acid output, mucin content and peptic activity, accompanied by significant decreases in blood superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) activity and gastric mucosal nitric oxide (NO) and glutathione (GSH) contents. In addition, elevations in gastric mucosal lipid peroxide and histamine contents were observed. Pretreatment with famotidine, Z. officinale or A.officinalis extracts significantly corrected all blood and tissue parameters by varying degrees.Famotidine, Z. officinale and A.officinalis extractsmay protect against pyloric ligation-induced peptic ulcer in rats, being promising for further clinical trials.

Comparison between the Protective Effects of Famotidine, Ginger and Marshmallow on Pyloric Ligation-Induced Peptic Ulcer in Rats

Background: Gastric ulcer is one of the most serious diseases over wide the world. There are many drugs used for the treatment of gastric ulcer, but most of these produce several adverse reactions. This study aims to investigate the protective effects of extracts of ginger and marshmallow on pyloric ligation-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Methods: Animals were divided into 5 Groups; a normal control group, an ulcer control group, a standard treatment group receiving famotidine (20 mg/kg), and two treatment groups receiving ginger (100 mg/kg) and marshmallow (100 mg/kg). Treatments were given orally for 14 days. On the 15th day, animals were subjected to pyloric ligation except for the normal control group. Four hours later, rat stomachs were excised and gastric juice and blood samples were collected. Results: Pyloric ligation caused significant elevations in ulcer number, ulcer index, gastric volume, titratble acidity, acid output, mucin content and peptic activity, accompanied by significant decreases in blood superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and gastric mucosal nitric oxide (NO) and glutathione (GSH) contents. In addition, elevations in gastric mucosal lipid peroxide and histamine contents were observed. Pretreatment with famotidine, ginger or marshmallow significantly corrected all blood and tissue parameters by varying degrees. Conclusions: Famotidine, ginger and marshmallow may protect against pyloric ligation-induced peptic ulcer in rats, being promising for further clinical trials.

Gastroprotective Effect of Guttarda speciosa against Ethanol Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats

Ulcer is a common gastrointestinal disorder, irregular food habits, stress, and so forth. Peptic ulcers are a broad term that includes ulcers of digestive tract in the stomach or the duodenum. The formation of peptic ulcers depends on the presence of acid and peptic activity in gastric juice plus a breakdown in mucosal defenses. A number of synthetic drugs are available to treat ulcers. But these drugs are expensive and are likely to produce more side effects when compared to herbal medicines. The ideal aims of treatment of peptic ulcer disease are to relieve pain, heal the ulcer, and delay ulcer recurrence. In this present study was carried out to evaluate the gastro protective effect of flavonoid glycoside (G1) from the flowers of Guttarda Speciosa against ethanol induced gastric ulcer in rats.

Alkaloids from Mahonia bealei posses anti-H+/K+-ATPase and anti-gastrin effects on pyloric ligation-induced gastric ulcer in rats

The purpose of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanism(s) of the total alkaloids (TA) from Mahonia bealei in treating pyloric ligation-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Animals were sacrificed after 19h of the ligation. Gastric acid, peptic activities, mucin levels, H+/K+-ATPase activities and the gastrin level were analyzed. To improve the accuracy of the observations, IPP 6.0 software was introduced to measure the area of ulcer. TA (18.56mg/kg/day, i.g.) showed an antiulcer effect by significantly decreasing the gastric ulcer areas (11.28mm2) compared with model group (26.36mm2). The TA ulcer inhibition ratio was 57.2%, compared with the effect of the positive control, omeprazole (62.96%). The results also showed that TA had a significant effect in inhibiting the release of H+/K+-ATPase, reducing the content of gastrin and decreasing gastric acidity on experimental animals. However, the TA had no significant effects on gastric mucus secretion and pepsin activity. Data indicated that TA had gastric ulcer protective effects by modulating the H+/K+-ATPase activity and gastrin level. TA has a potential to be developed as a pharmacological agent for the treatment of gastric ulcers.

The evaluation of anti-ulcerogenic effect of rhizome starch of two source plants of Tugaksheeree (Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. and Maranta arundinacea Linn.) on pyloric ligated rats.

Background:In the present era, because of the life-style, the disorders such as hyperacidity and gastric ulcers are found very frequently. Satwa (starch) obtained from the rhizomes of two plants namely Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. and Maranta arundinacea Linn. are used in folklore practice for the treatment of above complaints under the name Tugaksheeree.Aim:To compare the anti-ulcerogenic activity of the above two drugs in pyloric ligation induced gastric ulcer in albino rats.Materials and Methods:A total of 18 Wistar strain albino rats of both sexes grouped into three groups. Group C served as pyloric ligated control group, Group I received starch of C. angustifolia suspension and Group II received starch of M. arundinacea for seven days. On 8th day pylorus was ligated. After ligation the animals were deprived of food and water and sacrificed at the end of 14 h. The collected gastric contents were used for biochemical estimation and ulcer index was calculated from excised stomach.Results:Both the test drugs showed statistically significant decrease in the volume, increase in the pH, reduced the free acidity of gastric juice and decreased the peptic activity. The starch of C. angustifolia reduced a total acidity non-significantly while M. arundinacea reduced it significantly. Among the two drugs the M. arundinacea has effectively reduced the peptic activity, which is statistically significant. M. arundinacea shown statistically significant increase of total carbohydrates.Conclusion:Both the test drugs proved anti-ulcer activity and prevents the chance of gastric ulcer. Among these two M. arundinacea is more effective.

A review on antiulcer activity of few Indian medicinal plants.

Ulcer is a common gastrointestinal disorder which is seen among many people. It is basically an inflamed break in the skin or the mucus membrane lining the alimentary tract. Ulceration occurs when there is a disturbance of the normal equilibrium caused by either enhanced aggression or diminished mucosal resistance. It may be due to the regular usage of drugs, irregular food habits, stress, and so forth. Peptic ulcers are a broad term that includes ulcers of digestive tract in the stomach or the duodenum. The formation of peptic ulcers depends on the presence of acid and peptic activity in gastric juice plus a breakdown in mucosal defenses. A number of synthetic drugs are available to treat ulcers. But these drugs are expensive and are likely to produce more side effects when compared to herbal medicines. The literature revealed that many medicinal plants and polyherbal formulations are used for the treatment of ulcer by various ayurvedic doctors and traditional medicinal practitioners. The ideal aims of treatment of peptic ulcer disease are to relieve pain, heal the ulcer, and delay ulcer recurrence. In this review attempts have been made to know about some medicinal plants which may be used in ayurvedic as well as modern science for the treatment or prevention of peptic ulcer.

Cytoprotective and antioxidant effects of the methanol extract of Eremomastax speciosa in rats.

Ethno-botanical information shows that Eremomastax speciosa is used in the traditional management of various stomach complaints including gastro-duodenal ulcers. In this study, we tested the cytoprotective potential of the whole plant methanol extract (100-200 mg/kg, p.o), against HCl/ethanol, absolute ethanol, cold/restraint stress rats, and pylorus legated rats pre-treated with indomethacin. The effects of the extract on gastric lesion inhibition, the volume of gastric juice, gastric pH, gastric acid output, mucus production and gastric peptic activity were recorded. Oxidative stress parameters were measured in blood and gastric tissue samples obtained from the animals in all the models tested. The extract significantly (p<0.05), reduced the formation of cold/restraint ulcers by (31-60%, inhibition), completely inhibited (100%) the formation of lesions induced by HCl/ethanol at the highest dose, but was less effective against absolute ethanol (22-46% inhibition). The extract (200 mg/kg), significantly reduced lesion formation (P<0.01), gastric acidity (P<0.01), and volume of gastric secretions (P<0.05), in the indomethacin/pylorus ligation model, and did not affect the activity of pepsin in gastric juice. Blood concentrations of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, SOD and GSH), increased significantly and MDA concentrations decreased in all models tested. Cytoprotection by E. speciosa methanol extract was attributed to its ability to reduce acid secretion, and to enhance mucosal defence and in vivo antioxidant status.