Peppermint Leaf Research Articles

Effect of peppermint leaf extract and peppermint oil on the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is among the global storage pests that lead to the deterioration of grains and stored products. A series of laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of different concentrations of Mentha piperita L. (Lamiaceae) oil and leaf methanol extracts against the rust-red flour beetle in the different instars. The results of the present study showed that the mint, M. piperita, oil treatments at all concentrations used (8%, 10%, or 12%) were significantly effective, resulting in remarkable individual mortality of T. castaneum third instar larvae and adult mortality compared to the treatment of the peppermint methanol leaf extract at the highest concentration. Peppermint oil showed insecticidal effect against the third instar larvae of the red flour beetle, especially where sprayed at the highest concentration of 12%. The post-treatment results after seventh days showed 94% adult mortality and 82% mortality in the third instar of larvae. This study confirmed the possibility of using mint essential oil at relatively low concentrations as environmentally friendly product in controlling the rust-red flour beetle T. castaneum.

SENSORY EVALUATION OF MEAT OBTAINED FROM BROILER CHICKEN FED DIET SUPPLEMENTED WITH MINT (MENTHA PIPERITA) AND SCENT (OCIMUM GRATISSIUM) LEAF MEALS

In the livestock industry, the restrictions on the non-therapeutic use antibiotics have prompted the investigation of natural growth promoters (NGPs) to enhance animal performance without adverse effects. Scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) and mint leaf (Mentha piperta) have garnered attention as potential NGPs .However, the synergistic effects of these leaves and their impact on broiler production remain insufficiently explored. One hundred and sixty 4-week old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted to four treatments and four replicates of ten birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. Four experimental diets were formulated. Diet 1, which was designated as control with no leaf meal supplementation, diet 2 has 2.5g/kg Mentha piperita leaf meal (MPLM)+ 2.5g/kg Ocimum gratissimum leaf meal (OGLM), diet 3 has 5.0g/kg MPLM+ 5.0g/kg OGLM while diet 4 has 7.5g/kg MPLM + 7.5g/kg OGLM . The experiment lasted for 28days. Sensory assessment of broiler breast meat was conducted using a quantitative descriptive analytical scale with semi-trained panelists, and data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means separated with Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed significant differences in colour, flavour, texture, and overall acceptability among treatment groups, particularly favoring broilers fed diets with higher levels of MPLM and OGLM. Despite this, no significant differences were in tenderness and juiciness. These findings suggest that incorporating MPLM and OGLM into broiler diets positively affects sensory attributes. In conclusion, MPLM and OGLM as natural growth promoters in broiler diet of 7.5g/kg MPLM + 7.5g/kg OGLM exhibiting promising outcomes in terms of sensory evaluation.

Mentha piperita leaf extract suppresses the release of ATP from epidermal keratinocytes and reduces dermal thinning as well as wrinkle formation.

To achieve a more beautiful and younger appearance, reducing wrinkles is a key concern. The process of wrinkle formation is complex and the development of truly effective cosmetic ingredients to reduce wrinkles remains a challenge. Recent studies have revealed a close relationship between wrinkles and skin thinning, suggesting that preventing skin thinning could also prevent wrinkle formation. In this study, we examined the role of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) in the progression of thinning, as eATP reportedly increases skin ageing factors, such as senescence-associated secreted phenotype (SASP) factors in epidermal cells. We determined the effects of Mentha piperita leaf extract on suppressing eATP to reduce thinning and wrinkles. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were measured in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) in the presence of M. piperita leaf extract. Dryness, high pH, and UVB radiation were used as extrinsic ageing factors. Intrinsic skin ageing was evaluated by comparing cells from adults (AD-NHEK) and newborns (NB-NHEK). A placebo-controlled invivo study was carried out with a formulation containing 1% M. piperita leaf extract. The eATP levels were significantly higher in AD-NHEK compared with that in NB-NHEK cells. M. piperita leaf extract significantly decreased eATP levels in adult cells. Extrinsic ageing factors increased eATP levels in NHEK, whereas M. piperita leaf extract significantly suppressed eATP under all conditions. The active components of M. piperita leaf extract, luteolin glucuronide and rosmarinic acid, also decreased eATP. Moreover, compared with placebo lotion, M. piperita leaf extract-formulated lotion markedly increased dermal thickness and reduced wrinkles associated with crow's feet and the neck area. We demonstrated for the first time that M. piperita leaf extract containing rosmarinic acid and luteolin-7-O-glucuronide has the potential to reduce eATP release from epidermal keratinocytes. An increase in eATP was observed not only during inflammation but also during natural ageing. Furthermore, the invivo experiment revealing that 1% M. piperita leaf extract-containing lotion improved dermal thinning and wrinkles across multiple areas is attributed to the amelioration of dermal thinning. Thus, our data suggest the possibility of a novel cosmetic approach for reducing skin ageing by reducing eATP-mediated dermal thinning.

Molecular Docking of Phytocompounds from Mentha Piperita Leaf Extract as Promising Inhibitory Agents against Candida Albicans’s Glucosamine-6-Phosphate Synthase

Study’s Novelty/Excerpt This study identifies and assesses the active phytochemical components of Mentha piperita (peppermint) leaf extract that inhibit the glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase activity of Candida albicans. Utilizing advanced techniques such as HPLC-DAD and Bioautography Agar Overlay, the research successfully isolated bioactive compounds including rutin, chlorogenic acid, neohesperidin, rosmarinic acid, and eriodictyol. The identification of these specific compounds and their inhibitory effects on a key enzyme in Candida albicans underscores the potential of Mentha piperita as a source of novel antifungal agents. Full Abstract The Mentha piperita plant, also known as peppermint, is a perennial aromatic herb grown throughout most of the world and has long been utilized in traditional medicine. It is a member of the Lamiaceae family. This study aimed to assess and determine the active phytochemical components of Mentha piperita leaf extract that inhibit the glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase activity of Candida albicans. The plant materials were collected from Janyau, Gada Biyu area along Sokoto Road, Gusau, Zamfara state, Nigeria, and identified at the herbarium section of the Biological science Department, Federal University Gusau. The plant leaf was extracted using the soxhlet method and analyses the phytochemical constituents' presence. To identify the bioactive compounds in the extracts of Mentha piperita, thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used on glass slides coated with silica gel (0.2mm Kiesel-gel 60 F254, Merck). The resulting fraction was then analyzed using HPLC-DAD analysis and the Bioautography Agar Overlay Technique. Phytochemical analysis results showed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, phenol, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids as secondary metabolites. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) separation of aqueous extracts provided one compound with an Rf value of 0.52, while methanol and n-hexane extract showed two compounds, each with Rf values of 0.79 and 0.74, 0.72 and 0.70. As bioautography shows, the most bioactive component among the five components is M1. In conclusion, the bioactive constituents identified by high-performance liquid chromatography are rutin, Chlorogenic acid, Neohesperidin, Rosmarinic acid, and Eriodictyol.

Comparison of the Antioxidant and Sensorial Properties of Kvass Produced from Mountain Rye Bread with the Addition of Selected Plant Raw Materials

Consumers’ growing awareness of healthy nutrition results in an increase in demand for the production of beverages with health-promoting properties. An example of such a product is kvass produced in the fermentation process. This research aimed to determine the impact of plant additives on the antioxidant and sensorial properties of kvass made from bread based on mountain rye flour. The bread extract was fermented at different temperatures (28 and 34 °C). Additives of 3, 5, and 10% were used in the tests, which included black chokeberry juice and infusion, sea buckthorn fruit juice and infusion, and peppermint leaf infusion. A higher fermentation temperature in the production process resulted in an improvement in the organoleptic and antioxidant properties of the tested kvasses. The highest antioxidant activity was demonstrated by kvass with the addition of 10% black chokeberry juice (0.734 µmol Trolox g−1 (ABTS), 4.90 µmol of Trolox g−1 (DPPH)), and a peppermint leaf infusion (0.773 µmol Trolox g−1 (ABTS), 4.71 µmol Trolox g−1 (DPPH)). The conditions of kvass production and the type and amount of the additive influenced the selected physicochemical parameters of the obtained kvasses. The chromatographic analysis confirmed the content of 13 phenolic compounds in kvass with the addition of black chokeberry juice, which was 1.68–1.73 mg/100 mL of the finished product with a 10% share of the additive. The 11 phenolic compounds in kvass with the addition of peppermint infusion were confirmed for 7.65–6.86 mg/100 mL of the finished product with 10% of the additive. Kvass enriched with additives from black chokeberry fruit and peppermint leaves may be a promising new category of functional beverages with health-promoting properties resulting from the content of polyphenol compounds. It could be a better base for enrichment with raw materials that are richer in these compounds than pasteurized products.

Study of polyphenols composition in peppermint leaf extracts (Menthae piperitae folium) extracted by solvents with different polarity

Study of polyphenols composition in peppermint leaf extracts (Menthae piperitae folium) extracted by solvents with different polarity

Changes in Biochemical Components of Obesity in Wistar Rats Fed Mentha Piperita-Supplemented High-Fat Diet

The research is designed to assess changes in biochemical components of obesity in Wistar rats fed peppermint-supplemented high-fat diet. Twenty (20) female Wistar rats of about 117.88±10.82g were divided into four (4) groups of five (5) rats each and randomly assigned to the formulated diets. The groups had similar average weights. Groups A and B were fed standard diet and High-fat diet respectively, while groups C and D were respectively fed 4% peppermint-supplemented standard diet and 4% peppermint-supplemented high-fat diet. The changes in weight and blood glucose level were monitored on weekly basis. At the end of six (6) weeks of the experiment, organ to body weight ratio, serum insulin level and HOMA-IR were determined. Markers of hepatic functions (transaminases, total bilirubin, albumin, globulin, conjugated bilirubin and total protein), markers of renal functions (electrolyte concentrations, urea and creatinine), serum activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase) and serum concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) were also determined. No significant (p≤0.05) differences were observed among the groups in weight gain, organ to body weight ratio, blood glucose levels, activities of antioxidant enzymes and serum MDA concentrations. The group fed 4% peppermint-supplemented high-fat diet had significantly (p≤0.05) higher activities of ALT, AST, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol but significantly (p≤0.05) lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol when compared with the group fed standard diet or high-fat diet. Serum creatinine and bicarbonate were significantly (p≤0.05) lower in the group fed 4% peppermint-supplemented high-fat diet compared with the group fed the standard diet. It is therefore concluded that including peppermint leaf powder in the diet for a period of 6 weeks may not have a significant impact on the body weight, organ development and glucose utilisation. However, it is important to note that consumption of high-fat diet supplemented with peppermint might lead to dyslipidemia, liver and kidney dysfunctions without altering oxidative balance in Wistar rats.

Treatment of insomnia in elderly patients with headaches

The article describes clinical cases of elderly patients with primary headaches and insomnia managed in neurological practice. The first clinical case provides details of the typical medical history of a female patient with acute insomnia and episodic tension-type headache, the second one describes the typical medical history of a patient with chronic insomnia and chronic migraine. Clinical examples demonstrate common errors in the management of patients with insomnia and primary headaches in real-life medical practice. The influence of psychosocial (stress, anxiety, negative misconceptions about the disease, dysfunctional behaviour, symptom catastrophizing) and iatrogenic (ordering excessive additional diagnostic tests, over-diagnosing of detected structural changes in the spine, neck vessels, brain, diagnostic errors, prescribing of ineffective treatment) factors on the development of insomnia and increase of headaches in frequency is shown. The features of the presented clinical cases are to demonstrate the relationship between insomnia and increased frequency of primary headaches. Patients were treated using the interdisciplinary program comprising non-drug treatments and drug therapy. It has been shown that the treatment of insomnia can not only improve the quality of sleep, but also reduce the frequency of headaches.SonNorm Duo containing melatonin, motherwort extract and peppermint leaf oil was used as a drug therapy for acute and chronic insomnia. Melatonin and substances of plant origin have a high level of effectiveness in the treatment of insomnia and are recommended as drugs to be used first to treat insomnia. The drug therapy of acute and chronic insomnia was combined with highly effective non-drug treatments: an educational program to improve sleep hygiene, cognitive behavioural therapy, and relaxation exercises. During treatment, patients reported an improvement in their sleep quality as early as in the first month. A stable normalization of sleep and a significant decrease in headache frequency in a patient with acute insomnia and episodic tension-type headache occurred after the fifth week of treatment and in a patient with chronic insomnia and chronic migraine after the second month of treatment. A 12-month follow-up of patients showed that the positive effect of the treatment was maintained.

Facile synthesis of Cu-Ni bimetallic nanoparticles using peppermint leaf extract for enhanced antimicrobial efficacy and solar-driven photocatalytic activity

Facile synthesis of Cu-Ni bimetallic nanoparticles using peppermint leaf extract for enhanced antimicrobial efficacy and solar-driven photocatalytic activity

Menopause and sleep disturbances

The menopause in a woman’s life is one of the most significant events indicating the large-scale changes in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis function. Gonadal steroid hormones are actively involved in the central nervous system (CNS) growth, differentiation, physiology and ageing processes. Sleep provides restoration of the central nervous system, and also contributes to memory consolidation. Sleep influences the two primary effector systems, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), which in turn regulate adaptive and innate immune responses. During sleep, blood levels of cortisol, adrenaline and norepinephrine drop, whereas the levels of neurotransmitters such as growth hormone, prolactin and melatonin show a steep increase. We get more and more facts showing the role of sleep in the processes of immunogenesis and metabolism, in particular fat metabolism. A systematic modern literature analysis on the prevalence and structure of sleep disturbances in women during pre-, peri- and postmenopause was carried out. The results of individual studies revealing the relationship between sleep disturbances and hormone levels including levels of sex steroids are presented. A review of current scientific evidence shows conclusively that the neuroendocrine system significantly determines the sleep quality. Sleep disturbances associated with RLS, COAC are highly prevalent, especially among postmenopausal women, due to declining ovarian function and deficiency of sex steroids. The results of conducted studies support the continued study and analysis of the relationships between gender, neuroendocrine factors, sleep disorders and the search for effective methods for their treatment. SonNorm Duo containing melatonin, peppermint leaf oil, and motherwort herb extract is one of the drugs used to manage sleep disturbances. SonNorm Duo is an adaptogenic sedative drug that is indicated for sleep disturbances, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders associated with rapid travel across multiple time zones.

Neuroprotective, neurite enhancing, and cholinesterase inhibitory effects of Lamiaceae family essential oils in Alzheimer’s disease model

IntroductionThe present study investigates the cholinesterase inhibitory and neuritogenic activities of selected essential oils from the Lamiaceae family, as well as their neuroprotective and antioxidant potential against scopolamine-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. MethodsThe anticholinesterase activity was analysed using a modified Ellman’s assay. The neuroprotective potential was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were quantified using 2',7’- dichlorofluorescin diacetate assay. A neurite outgrowth assay was employed to evaluate the neuritogenic activity. ResultsOregano leaf (terpineol-type), peppermint leaf, rosemary, and sage essential oils have antibutyrylcholinesterase activity, while oregano leaf (phenol-type) essential oil has both acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. Pretreatment with lavender flower essential oil (30 µg/mL), linalool, and linalyl acetate for 24 hours protects against scopolamine-induced toxicity. Linalool also displayed a significant decrease in intracellular ROS. The oregano leaf (terpineol-type), peppermint, rosemary, and sage essential oils at 100 µg/mL exhibited neuritogenic activity, with the highest activity being observed with oregano leaf (terpineol-type) essential oil. Discussion/ConclusionsEssential oils from plants of Lamiaceae family displayed anticholinesterase, neuroprotective, antioxidant, and neuritogenic activities. These properties demonstrate their potential as complementary treatments to prevent and/or delay dementia-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease.

Synthesis, characterization and bioactive evaluation of FE- CO nanoparticles from the leaf extract of Mentha piperita (Pepper Mint)

Investigations on some bioactive Fe and Co Nano Particles as bimetallic Fe-Co nanoparticles were synthesized using Mentha piperita leaf extract as reducing agent. Hydrated Co and Ni reagents were utilized as metals precursors. The study was aimed to synthesized Nano Particles and characterized them using UV-Visible spectrum which showed Fe-Co Nps highest absorbance at a peak of 400nm. FTIR of leaf extract revealed that 3432cm-1 (O-H), 2936 cm-1(C-H) stretching, 1638 cm-1(N-H) 1340 cm-1 (N-O) and 659.38 cm-1 (C-C) functional groups, while Fe-Co Nps showed the same with addition of 1694 cm-1 (C=O) and 666.04 cm-1 (C-C) triple bond. XRD analysis showed peaks to the plane (111), (110), (211) and (220) representing face centered cubic (FCC) structure whose size of 52.64nm. SEM analysis showed irregular cubic and hexagonal shape of different sizes. Antibacterial activity of Fe-Co Nps showed increase in bacterial growth in Eschemicha-coli while psendomonas aureginos (Gram-negative) and Klebsella pneumonia (Gram-positive), showed inhibition with increase in concentration of the synthesis drug. Antifungal activity test on Fe- Co NPs revealed that Aspagillus niger shows an increase growth inhibition with increase in concentrations of synthesis drugs the process of activity was the same in case of Candida fungi

Inhibitory effects of peppermint extracts on the browning of cold-stored fresh-cut taro and the phenolic compounds in extracts

Fresh-cut taros are prone to browning even though they are stored at low temperatures, which leads to the quality deterioration and markedly limits the shelf life. The browning control of fresh-cut food with natural substances has received much attention. This study evaluated anti-browning potential of peppermint extracts in fresh-cut taro during cold storage. The results showed that both peppermint leaf and shoot extract (LE and SE) treatments could effectively retard the browning of fresh-cut taros. Furthermore, LE and SE treatments reduced the activities of phenylalanine ammonialyase and lipoxygenase, the contents of total phenolic compound (TPC), total flavonoids, soluble quinones, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide, enhanced peroxidase activity and antioxidant capacity in taro slices. The TPC contents were reduced by 4.05 and 17.71%, and the T-AOC was enhanced by 28.73 and 28.82% as compared to the control at 12 d. These results together suggested that peppermint extract treatments reduced phenolic biosynthesis but enhanced antioxidant activity. However, LE and SE treatments did not inhibit polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, suggesting that peppermint extract treatments reduced taro browning was not through inhibition of phenolic oxidation. More than 240 phenolic-related compounds including caffeic acid, ferulic acid and p-Coumaric acid were identified in peppermint extracts through UPLC–MS/MS analysis, suggesting that phenolics may be bioactive substances reducing taro browning. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that peppermint extract is a promising natural anti-browning ingredient and phenolic compounds may function on taro browning inhibition.

Encapsulation Properties of Mentha piperita Leaf Extracts Prepared Using an Ultrasound-Assisted Double Emulsion Method.

Double emulsions (W1/O/W2) have long been used in the food and pharmaceutical industries to encapsulate hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs and bioactive compounds. This study investigated the effect of different types of emulsifiers (plant- vs. animal-based proteins) on the encapsulation properties of Mentha piperita leaf extract (MLE) prepared using the double emulsion method. Using response surface methodology, the effect of ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions (amplitude 20-50%; time 10-30 min; ethanol concentration 70-90%) on the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (percent inhibition) of the MLE was studied. MLE under optimized conditions (ethanol concentration 76%; amplitude 39%; time 30 min) had a TPC of 62.83 mg GA equivalents/g and an antioxidant activity of 23.49%. The optimized MLE was encapsulated using soy, pea, and whey protein isolates in two emulsifying conditions: 4065× g/min and 4065× g/30 s. The droplet size, optical images, rheology, and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of the different encapsulated MLEs were compared. The W1/O/W2 produced at 4065× g/min exhibited a smaller droplet size and higher EE% and viscosity than that prepared at 4065× g/30 s. The higher EE% of soy and pea protein isolates indicated their potential as an effective alternative for bioactive compound encapsulation.

Peppermint Leaf Extract Cream Increased Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) Expression and Collagen Amount In The Male Wistar Rat's Skin Exposed to UVB

Peppermint leaves contain flavonoids, menthofuran, and other phenolic compounds that have antioxidant activity and are believed to inhibit collagen degradation in the skin. This study investigated the efficacy of a 5% peppermint leaf extract cream in increasing the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) expression and collagen amount as indicators of collagen maintenance in male Wistar rats' skin exposed to UVB. Method A randomized post-test-only control group design was performed on male Wistar rats, local strains, aged 2-3 months, with body weights ranging from 180 to 200 grams. According to the sample calculation, 21 rats were randomly divided into three groups. The first group is the control group (without any treatment). The second group was treated with UVB without cream (UVB-only group), and the third group was treated with UVB + 5% peppermint leaf extract cream on exposed skin. After four weeks of treatment, the tissue samples were examined. The expression of TGF-β was evaluated by immunohistochemical examination, and the amount of collagen was examined by Picro-Sirius red staining. Comparative tests were performed on the measurement results of the three groups. The results showed a significant difference in the mean TGF-β expression and collagen amount among the three groups (p<0.001). The group exposed to UVB + 5% peppermint leaf extract cream had the highest mean TGF-β expression and collagen amount (77.41±5.79% and 82.57±2.18%, respectively), followed by the control group (63.17±12.22% and 74.05±7.15%) and the UVB-only group (50.54±11.10% and 65.65±5.56%). Administration of 5% peppermint leaf extract cream effectively increased TGF-β expression and collagen amount in the skin of male Wistar rats exposed to UVB compared to the control and the UVB-only groups.

Defense response of strawberry plants against Botrytis cinerea influenced by coriander extract and essential oil.

Essential oils and extracts are investigated in sustainable plant protection area lately. Alternative antifungal substances are especially relevant for major economic-relevance pathogens, like Botrytis cinerea (causal agent of strawberry grey mold), control. However, the reaction of plants to alternative protection with plant-origin products is currently unknown. Induced stress in plants causes changes in antioxidant and photosynthetic systems. The aim of the research was to determine the defense response of strawberry plants under application of coriander seed products. In the first step of the research, we determined coriander seed (Coriandrum sativum), black seed (Nigella sativa) and peppermint leaf (Menta × piperita) products' antifungal activity against B. cinerea in vitro. Secondly, we continued evaluation of antifungal activity under controlled environment on strawberry plants of the most effective coriander seed products. Additionally, we evaluated the antioxidant and photosynthetic parameters in strawberries, to examine the response of plants. Antifungal activity on strawberries was determined based on grey mold incidence and severity after application of coriander products. Impact on photosynthetic system was examined measuring photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular to ambient CO2 concentration. Strawberry leaves were collected at the end of the experiment to analyze the antioxidant response. The highest antifungal activity both in vitro and on strawberries had coriander seed essential oil, which decreased grey mold severity. Coriander extract increased the photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant response of strawberry plants, however had negative effect on suppression of grey mold. In most cases, the essential oil activated antioxidant response of strawberry plants lower than extract. Our study results provide no direct impact of increased photosynthetic capacity values and antifungal effect after treatment with natural oils. The highest concentrations of coriander essential oil and extract potentially demonstrated a phytotoxic effect.

Protective effects of inhalation of essential oils from Mentha piperita leaf on tight junctions and inflammation in allergic rhinitis.

Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common diseases, which is caused by IgE-mediated reactions to inhaled allergens. Essential oils from the Mentha piperita leaf (EOM) are known to be effective for various diseases, such as respiratory diseases. However, the effect of inhalation of EOM on tight junctions and inflammation related to allergic rhinitis is not yet known. The purpose of this research was to explain the effects of the inhalation of EOM on tight junctions and inflammation of allergic rhinitis through network pharmacology and an experimental study. For that purpose, a pharmacology network analysis was conducted comprising major components of EOM. Based on the network pharmacology prediction results, we evaluated the effect of EOM on histological changes in mice with ovalbumin and PM10-induced allergic rhinitis. Allergic symptoms, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and regulation of ZO-1 were investigated in mice with allergic rhinitis. Other allergic parameters were also analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot in nasal epithelial cells. In the network analysis, the effects of EOM were closely related to tight junctions and inflammation in allergic rhinitis. Consistent with the results from the network analysis, EOM significantly decreased epithelial thickness, mast cell degranulation, goblet cell secretion, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells in nasal tissue. EOM also regulated the MAPK-NF-κB signaling pathway, which was related to tight junctions in nasal epithelial cells. This research confirmed that inhalation of EOM effectively restores tight junctions and suppresses inflammation in the allergic rhinitis model. These results reveal that EOM has a therapeutic mechanism to treat allergic rhinitis.

Facile green synthesis of nickel-ferrite-rGO (NiFe2O4/rGO) nanocomposites for efficient water purification under direct sunlight

• Green synthesis of NiFe 2 O 4 /rGO nanocomposites using peppermint leaf extract ( Mentha piperita ). • Efficient photocatalytic degradation of cationic and anionic dyes. • Detailed kinetic study of the photocatalytic reactions. • High magnetic separation and recyclability of the synthesized nanocomposites. Facile green synthesis of magnetically separable nickel-ferrite nanocomposites supported over reduced graphene oxide (NiFe 2 O 4 /rGO) using peppermint leaf extract as reducing agent is reported herein. The as-synthesized nanocomposites are magnetic in nature and can be used as fine photocatalysts. It is fascinating that the mixing of inert NiFe 2 O 4 with GO nanosheet produces highly active photocatalyst after the reduction of GO to reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The nanocomposites have been well characterized using different analytical techniques. Morphological and structural studies have shown the formation of spherical NiFe 2 O 4 nanocomposites with particle size 3-5 nm, regularly supported over the layers of rGO. The nanocomposites have actively participated in the photocatalytic degradation of different dyes under direct sunlight within a very limited time. Congo red and Malachite green are completely degraded in 18 mins, while Methylene blue and Methyl orange are completely degraded in 30 and 12 mins respectively. Moreover, study showed that 30 mgL -1 nanocomposite was sufficient to degrade all the dyes completely. However, depending on the Ni/Fe ratio, the photocatalytic activity has been varied. Recovery and reusability of the nanocomposites have been done very smoothly because of the magnetically separable behavior of the nanocomposites, which shows the efficiency of the catalysts up-to 4 th cycle with very minimal loss in activity. This green strategy of the synthesis and utilization of magnetically separable NiFe 2 O 4 /rGO nanocomposites for the waste water purification is remarkable.

Evaluation of In vitro anti urolithiasis activity of herbal drugs

Urinary stone disorder has afflicted human kind since antiquity and can persist, with serious medical consequences, throughout a patient’s lifetime. The common component of urinary stone is calcium oxalate (CaOx). In spite of tremendous advances in the field of medicine, there is no truly satisfactory drug for the treatment of renal calculi. In the indigenous system of medicine, the leaves Mentha piperita (family- Labiatae) Elettaria cardamom (zingiberaceae) and Syzygium cumini (family-Myrtaceae) are reported to be useful in the treatment of urinary stones. Hence, in the present study, the Mentha piperita, Elettaria cardamom and Syzygium cumini have been selected for their In vitro Antiurolithiatic activity on experimental kidney stones of calcium oxalate crystals.

Synthesis of Zinc Nanoparticle by Using Peppermint Leaves and Evaluation of Zinc Nanoparticle by UV, SEM and XRDS

Improvement of Nanotechnology has been an obvious progression in the area of Science and Technology. The Nanotechnology strategy utilized in the plan of novel dose structure has given the Conventional measurement structure an extraordinary climb. Nanotechnology in drug field is frequently alluded to fuse of medication particles in nano size in a molecule size going from 1-100 nm which will help in expanding the remedial action.