Price Of Pepper Research Articles

PENGARUH HARGA TANAMAN PANGAN TERHADAP INFLASI DI KABUPATEN KENDAL

This study aims to analyze the effect of food crop prices on inflation in Kendal Regency. The increasing demand for agricultural commodities has resulted in the price of agricultural commodities increasing due to the high demand. The impact arising from the increase in the price of agricultural commodities is an increase in inflation, which causes a decrease in people's purchasing power because prices are increasingly unaffordable. The data used in this study is time series data for the period 2016 to 2022, the data used is secondary data on monthly developments in food crop prices and inflation in Kendal Regency. The tool used in this research is the analysis of the VAR/VECM (Vector Autoregression (VAR) or Vector Error Correction Model (VECM)) model with the help of the Eviews 10 application. The findings show that a number of variables, including the price of garlic, large red chilies, and Red cayenne pepper has a significant effect on inflation in Kendal Regency in the long run. In the short term, several variables such as the price of shallots and red cayenne pepper also have a significant effect on inflation in Kendal Regency.

Soil properties and phosphorus sorption characteristics due to land use change from pepper-based agroforestry to cassava in North Lampung, Indonesia

Changing pepper-based agroforestry land to cassava is massively conducted by farmers in North Lampung, Indonesia because the pepper price is low. This research was aimed to reveal the changes in the chemical properties and the characteristics of P sorption in the North Lampung regency because of the change in land use from pepper-based agroforestry to cassava. Soil pH, exchangeable aluminum (Al), organic carbon (C), basic cations, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and P sorption-desorption were analyzed in collected soil samples. The results showed that soil properties and P sorption-desorption characteristics changed. The land cultivated with cassava for fifteen years had lower pH, organic C, basic cations, CEC, and higher exchangeable Al than land cultivated with pepper-based agroforestry. In topsoil, the P sorption maximum, P binding energy, and standard P requirement of fifteen years old cassava land were higher than those of pepper-based agroforestry. Organic C negatively correlated with the P binding energies. The results revealed that land use change from pepper-based agroforestry to cassava had an adverse effect, on soil organic C and tended to increase P sorption maximum, P binding energy, and standard P requirement. Organic matter management was necessary to maintain soil organic carbon in sufficient status.

Push and pull factors of red pepper (capsicum) market supply: Evidence from south western Ethiopia

The growth and development of the spices sector depend upon market-oriented production system and good marketing infrastructure. However, for smallholder farmers, it is difficult to supply theirs produces to markets because of different problems and barriers. Therefore, this study was aimed at analyzing the push and pulls factors of red pepper market supply in Southwest Ethiopia. The primary data were collected from 267 randomly selected sample households’. The Tobit model was used to determine the volume of red pepper supplied to the market. The results shows that the education level of household head, land allocated for red pepper production, access to credit, and lagged price of red pepper significantly affect the volume of red pepper supplied to the market. The major production constraints that hamper red pepper yield were red pepper disease, lack of fertilizer supply, lack of improved variety, lack of pesticide, harvesting before maturity, and poor post-harvest handling. The marketing constraints were lack of marketplace, low and unstable price of the product, and low quality of product, improper scale, lack of government support, and lack of transport. Therefore, Policies that give more emphasis on the provision of modern inputs, improving infrastructure, strengthening institutions of collective action, and improving the marketing extension system are recommended. • Push and pull factors are direct and indirect cause of market supply. • An efficient marketing system is the building block of economic growth. • Proper and stable pricing system increase producer's net gain. • Red pepper is the second most important vegetable.

The environmental adaptation to production and price risks of cayenne pepper: Learning from the Lombok Island - Indonesia

The environment in which the place of cultivation determines the level of production and income of the farm, but how the behavior of farmers in the use of technology to achieve high levels of productivity and prices of cayenne pepper is something that still is not known. This study aims to find environmental adaptation technologies that can increase the production and price of cayenne pepper in a changing environmental situation. The study used exploratory methods in three villages of the chili production centers that have different altitudes. The unit of analysis in this study is the cayenne pepper crop that was planted in 2020/2021. As respondents, 45 farmers who grow cayenne pepper were randomly chosen. The highest productivity of cayenne was found in the lowlands at 11,133 kg/ha, in the midlands at 10,277 kg/ha, and the lowest in the highlands at 9,400 kg/ha. Cayenne pepper production risk is highest in the highlands at 0.46, in middle lands at 0.42, and lowest in the lowlands at 0.34. For it is part, the price risk is classified as high in the highlands at 0.62, the middle lands at 0.61, and the lowlands at 0.60. The behavior of farmers in coping with agricultural risks is considered a risk-taker. Cayenne pepper agricultural production still has an opportunity to increase by increasing the area of farmland, labor, urea or ZA fertilizers, SP36 fertilizers, and by increasing the ability of farmers to manage agricultural risks.

Behavior and Marketing Analysis of Pepper (Piper nigrum L.): A Comparative Study of Farmers, Trading Districts and Retailers in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

Inefficient marketing and low production are the main obstacles in the selling of pepper and they also cause a low bargaining position for farmers in the market. Therefore, this study aims to determine the market behavior activities carried out to determine prices, as well as analyze marketing channels, profits received by participants and efficiency. Samples used in this study were 27 farmers, 4 trading districts, and 3 respondent retailers. The qualitative analysis was used to analyze the pattern of channels, the functions performed by associated agencies and the market behavior of the pepper commodity. Quantitative analysis was also carried out to evaluate the marketing margins, costs incurred by traders, profits received and efficiency. The results show that the selling price of pepper was determined by the merchant, with different payment systems including cash, initial deposit, and balance through oral cooperation in the form of an agreement on a place of sales, followed by the provision of capital to farmers. In the marketing process, 4 patterns of channels were formed, which include local markets and others outside the regency, and their efficiencies were above 50%. These results show that government need to provide pepper markets outside the province to improve the welfare of farmers and ensure they don't depend only on the local marketplace during harvest.

DALAM MEMUDAHKAN PENGELOLAAN DATA LADA DI BANGKA BELITUNG (MUNTOK WHITE PEPPER)

ABSTRACTThe Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands has long been known as the main producer and exporter of pepper (Piper nigrum L) in Indonesia. The problem that often arises is the low pepper price that is detrimental to farmers and the price reference that follows the price of the International Pepper Community (IPC). Therefore, the Government established the Bangka Belitung Pepper Joint Marketing Office (KPB) to regulate pepper prices as well as the pepper buying and selling process and ensure that the pepper sent is quality pepper since 2019. KPB has had a positive impact on pepper prices and the pepper trading process and received verified seller and buyer data of pepper. This study aims to examine the role and influence of the Pepper Bangka Belitung Joint Marketing Office (KPB) and the KPB system for pepper farmers, starting from prices, stocks, export data, seller data, buyer data and Geographical Indications (GI) which is a guarantee that the pepper Shipped original from Bangka Belitung.

Price Volatility Analysis of Red and Cayenne Pepper of Java Islands during Covid-19 Pandemic

One of the food crops that is considered an essential commodity in Indonesia and has economic value is chilli. Chilli consumption continues to increase, especially red chilli and cayenne pepper, but since the Covid-19 Pandemic, consumption has decreased. Red chilli and cayenne pepper are commodities whose production is seasonal, easily damaged, and uneven throughout Indonesia. The Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia was first on the island of Java, which shook the supply of agricultural products and caused colossal price fluctuations in the market. Since the implementation of large-scale restrictions in Indonesia, it has caused a hampering of product distribution between regions. Fluctuations in the price of red chili and cayenne pepper often impact the high contribution of chilli to inflation. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the price volatility of red chili on Java Island and the price volatility of cayenne pepper on Java Island. The analysis method used is ARCH GARCH modelling to measure volatility. The results showed that the volatility of red chilli on Java Island is high. In contrast, the volatility of cayenne pepper on Java Island is low.

Short Communication: Morpho-agronomic performances of bird pepper (Capsicum annuum) lines under varying agro-ecological locations in Indonesia

Abstract. Syukur M, Sahid ZD, Sobir, Maharijaya A, Ritonga AW, Sulassih, Istiqlal MRA, Hakim A, Pangestu AY, Undang, Yudilastari T, Arandito DS, Ashar S, Hasanah A, Agustina K, Purwanto RJ, Karyani, Mustafa M, Syahri YF, Ramlasari C. 2022. Short Communication: Morpho-agronomic performances of bird pepper (Capsicum annuum) lines under varying agro-ecological locations in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4838-4843. Bird pepper price fluctuations are caused by an imbalance between production and market demand. One effective way to overcome this is to increase the productivity of bird pepper. Genetics and the growing environment of bird pepper greatly affect the productivity produced. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the character of yield and yield components of four genotypes of bird pepper at three lowland locations. Planting was carried out at three locations representing Indonesia's bird pepper growing environment. The planting procedure in all sites was carried out according to the same guidelines. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with three replications. Twenty (20) plants per genotype were planted in each replicate, with 10 plants taken as samples. Shiara IPB had the highest productivity in all environments compared to the other line. The main characteristics that distinguish this variety had a purplish color on the fruit petals when young, and the fruit color was greenish-yellow. Hierarchical cluster analysis results showed that Shiara IPB in almost all observation variables based on legend color was superior. The highest productivity was found in Palembang, followed by Bogor and Kolaka.

THE IMPACT OF FOOD COMMODITY PRICES ON INFLATION IN BEKASI

This research aims to examine the influence of price fluctuations on volatile food commodities such as rice, chilies, and meat in Bekasi. This research is quantitative study with the use of secondary data taken from Strategic Food Price Information Center in Bekasi in the form of commodity food prices from all markets. The data taken are meat, chilies, and rice price data in all markets in Bekasi City in the 2018-2022 period. The data analysis method used in this study is Vector Autoregression (VAR) analysis. Based on the results obtained that in the short term there are several variables that affect inflation in Bekasi City inflation two months earlier, inflation five months earlier, inflation eight months earlier, rice prices one month earlier, rice prices three months earlier, rice prices four months earlier, rice prices seven months earlier, cayenne pepper prices 2 months earlier, cayenne pepper prices 5 months earlier, the price of cayenne pepper 8 months in advance, the price of beef 1 month in advance, the price of beef 3 months in advance, the price of beef 4 months in advance and the price of beef 6 months in advance. Meanwhile, long-term price inflation is also influenced by the price of rice, meat, and chilies.

MARKET INTEGRATION AND PRICE TRANSMISSION OF CAYENNE PEPPER IN INDONESIA

Cayenne pepper is a horticultural commodity that its production to be seasonal so cause the supply of cayenne pepper to be unavailable in sufficient quantities throughout the year and the price to be fluctuative. Based on this, this study aims to 1) analyze price behavior and the level of price fluctuations of cayenne pepper using the coefficient of variation 2) analyze market integration using Johansen Cointegration Test, and 3) analyze price transmission using the VAR (Vector Auto Regression) / VECM (Vector Error Correction Model). The results show that 1) The price of cayenne pepper is high when production decreases (December-February and July-August), and low when production is abundant (March-June and September-November). The price of cayenne pepper at the consumer and producer levels has a high and unstable level of fluctuation with a coefficient of variation (KV) respectively of 23.9% and 19.7%, 2) The trace statistic value (106.41) > critical value (16.36) so that the producer and consumer markets of cayenne pepper in Indonesia have been vertically integrated, 3) Price transmission is imperfect. In the event of a price shock, at the producer and consumer level, price adjustments will be made towards long-term equilibrium respectively of -0.103 and -0.279.

Humic Compound Application Against Soil Quality Improvement and Enhancement of Pepper Plant Growth

[HUMIC COMPOUND APPLICATION FOR SOIL QUALITY IMPROVEMENT AND ENHANCEMENT OF PEPPER GROWTH]. Pepper (Capsicum Annum) is a strategic commodity that contributes to Indonesia's economy. The price of pepper fluctuates due to the instability of pepper production, which is influenced by multiple factors such as decreasing of soil fertility. Soil conditioner can help to improve soil fertility. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of humic compounds application on pepper cultivation to improve soil fertility and increase the growth and yield of pepper. The research was conducted from February to August 2021 at the IPB Pasir Sarongge Experimental Field in Cianjur, West Java. The study was conducted using a Completely Randomized Group Design (CRGD) with one factor, humic compound solution concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5 mL/L, with each level repeated four times. Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to separate the mean of the data after variance analysis. The result showed that humic compound application can improve soil fertility, growth and yield of pepper plants as indicated by increasing the value of Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), decreasing potassium leaching rate and increasing all growth and yield characters except the yield per plant character. The application of 12.5 mL/L humic compounds increased CEC, decreased potassium leaching rate to 0%, increased plant height (37.40%), number of branches (56.72%) and number of fruits (57.81%). The application of humic compounds at 10 mL/L increases the weight of 10 fruits (30.78%), yield per plant (27.56%), yield per plot and predicted yield per hectare (47.58%).

The Effect of Pepper Price Fluctuations on the Expenditures of Farmer Household Consumption in Koronua Village, Sabulakoa District, Konawe Selatan Regency

This research was conducted in Koronua Village, Sabulakoa District, South Konawe Regency from August to September 2021. The purpose of this study was to find out how the fluctuations in pepper prices were and to determine the effect of pepper price fluctuations on the level of family household consumption expenditure in Koronua Village, Sabulakoa District, South Konawe Regency. . The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results of this study indicate that the level of pepper price fluctuations in Koronua Village has decreased and varied price fluctuations but is within reasonable limits. Meanwhile, pepper price fluctuations have no significant effect on household consumption expenditures for each harvest in Koronua Village, with an average level of expenses. household consumption per month is Rp. 644,853, and the average consumption cost per harvest is Rp. 82,710.52 with a significance value of 0.420, this makes the consumption expenditure variable have no significant effect on price fluctuations because sig 0.420 > 0.05.

Market Integration Analysis of Cayenne Pepper in East Java Province

Market integration research has often been used to evaluate agricultural products' marketing performance. However, the involvement of marketing agencies in chili marketing resulted in a relatively high price difference and impacted market integration. So it is essential to understand how the chili market integration as an effort to improve marketing efficiency and price control policies. The study analyzed the causality and market integration of cayenne pepper prices at the farmers' and retailers' levels in East Java Province. The study used weekly cayenne pepper price data at the farmers' and retailers' levels from 2016 - 2020. The secondary data was obtained from the Department of Industry and Trade of East Java Province. The analytical methods used in this study were Engle-Granger Causality analysis and Error Correction Model (ECM). The findings showed that retail prices caused the farmgate prices, but not the other way. However, the price of cayenne pepper at the farmer and retail level in East Java Province has been integrated. Therefore, this study showed that there needs to be an improvement in the farmers' institutional system to improve the farmers' bargaining position to reduce the power of the selling price control at the farmers' level by traders.

Empirical Analysis of Production and Productivity of Indian Spices

The aim of this paper is to compare the growth rate in the production as well as productivity of the King and Queen of spices i.e., Black Pepper and Cardamom in two states, Kerala and Karnataka which are the leading producers of spices in India, the paper makes use of secondary data. the article highlights that the spice growers are switching their crops from pepper to cardamom and other plants. This can be caused by the reduction in productivity of pepper, and also in general, pepper cannot be grown as cardamom or paddy again on the same piece of land. Besides, the pepper price fluctuation is smaller than cardamom and other crops. However, the decrease in pepper productivity is above the degree of pepper price stability and this study highlights the plantation sector, more specifically, spices which contribute largely to the Indian economy, and which is often an underutilized sector despite its vast potential.

The Impact of Pepper Prices Falling on the Desire and Intensity of Pepper Cultivation in Bangka Belitung Islands

The pepper prices have kept falling since 2015, but farmers still cultivate pepper in Bangka Belitung Province. However, the impact of pepper prices falling on the Farmer' desires and intensity of pepper cultivation has never been known yet. This research was conducted to find out farmers' desire to cultivate pepper and to know the intensity of pepper cultivating caused by pepper price falling. The research survey methods were held for six months from May to November 2020 in six regions in the Province of Bangka Belitung. The survey method analyzes falling pepper prices' impact on the Farmer's desires and pepper cultivation intensity. The data is collected from six districts of Bangka Belitung Islands by involving 180 samples. The location of the research setting is purposive. The total sampling in each region was 30 farmers, so the sampling in six areas was 180 farmers. All data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. In Bangka Belitung Province, primarily farmers 35,5 – 47,5 years old and most educated elementary school thinking that their pepper production would fulfill their basic needs. Even most farmers (83 percent) think confident in 2020, but the decline in pepper price makes most of them reluctant to cultivate pepper. This study indicates that farmers who reach the age of 47,5 keep losing their involvement in pepper farming. Regardless, most farmers (83 percent) say optimistic in one and two years. The pepper prices would be increased from 2020, but the falling of pepper affected half of the farmers not willing to cultivate peppers. Palm oil, rubber, and cassava were the selection to replace peppers. These plants have more advantages for farmers because pests and diseases not like pepper are challenging to cultivate. If the prices of pepper increase, the farmers will produce again. Pepper prices keep falling, regardless of the Government's efforts to recapture the popularity of Lada Bangka (Muntok White Pepper, MWP). This falling pepper price continues to cause the decreasing of farmers' desire and intensity in cultivating pepper. Through all this research, recommended to Government not only gave significant helping as production facilities and quality seeds, but to give also certainty for buying and pepper prices profitable and reasonable for farmers as producer pepper in Bangka Belitung Province.

How the Covid-19 Pandemic Affects the Prices of Strategic Commodities in Indonesia

This study aims to examine volatility of strategic food commodities price in Indonesia before and during Covid-19 pandemic and to analyze the influence of GRDP and Covid-19 pandemic on prices of strategic food commodities price in Indonesia. Data used is panel data with time series data for quarter 2018-2021 cross section of 34 provinces in Indonesia and uses variation analysis method and panel regression. The results of the analysis show that prices of agricultural commodities, garlic, red chilies, and chicken were more varied before pandemic than during Covid-19 pandemic. Price of cayenne pepper, shallots, beef, and chicken eggs are more varied during pandemic than before Covid-19 pandemic. Prices of industrial commodities, cooking oil and sugar are more varied during pandemic than before Covid-19 pandemic, while price of rice was stable. The result of Random Effect Model regression found that Covid-19 pandemic has positive effect on price of agriculture and industrial strategic food commodities in Indonesia. GRDP only has negative effect on price of industrial strategic food commodities.

Determinants of Commercilization of Smallholder Red Pepper Farmers in Javiethenan District, Amahara Region, Ethiopia

The history of red pepper in Ethiopia is perhaps the most ancient than the history of any other vegetable product and it has been cultivated in many parts of the country. It is obvious that, commercialization is long run process that farming shifts from subsistence (non commercial) to semi-commercial farming, and then to fully commercialized agriculture. The purpose of this study was to analyze the determinants of commercialization of small holder red pepper farmers Javiethenan district, Ethiopia in 2012 E.C. Particularly, the study investigates the level of commercialization of red pepper production, and factors that affect household participation in the red pepper output market. Two stage sampling technique was applied to select sample kebeles and 214 respondents from five Kebles of the woreda household were selected based on proportionate random sampling technique The descriptive analysis revealed the level of commercialization in the study area on average semi commercial one. Censured Tobit regression was applied to analyze the factors that affect market participation of households’ in red pepper output market. The result revealed that from the total 12 explanatory variables, four variables were statistically significant. Of which, land size (land allocated for red pepper production), market information, extension service and previous year market price of red pepper were positively related with household market participation or quantity of red pepper sold. Thus, emphasis and intervention should be given for households to increase market participation and improve levels of commercialization.

Increasing added value of living standards on pepper growth and production towards sustainable agriculture

In recent years, the productivity of pepper in Indonesia has decreased due to various problems in pepper farming, both on-farm and off-farm, so the contribution of Indonesian pepper to the world declined. One of the problems farmers face in cultivating pepper is the use of nonliving standards in several production areas, especially in Bangka Belitung and West Kalimantan. The use of non-living standards requires more inputs. Moreover, in the current pepper price situation, farmers have less profit. Observations on the growth of pepper on several types of living standards, namely Albizia, Gliricidia, coconut, and kapok, in Sukamulya, Pakuwon, and Muktiharjo. The experiment was conducted in 2015, 2016, and 2017. At each standard, 1,2 and 4 pepper seedlings were planted. A sampling of 10 plants of each type of standard for observation of growth and yield had been conducted from each plot. The results showed that the alive climbing pole that could be attached for pepper were Albizia and Gliricidia. Productivity of fresh weight at the third year was 1.90 kg per standard used 4 seedlings and 1.87 kg per standard used 2 seedlings.

Implementasi Algoritme C4.5 untuk Prediksi Penanaman Cabai Merah

Chili has been the most widely grown plant in Indonesia because it can bear fruit and grow in the highlands and the lowlands. Every year the market demand for chili continues to increase, even the annual price of chili tends to increase as a result of reduced chili supply and less fulfilled market demand. Besides, t he crop failure experienced by chili farmers cause inflation growth in 2020 as much as 0.31%, resulting from rising prices in the food sector, including the price of cayenne pepper and red chili. The fluctuations in chili prices are strongly influenced by weather, harvest season, trade policies and the accompanying momentum. According to the background, the purpose of this study is to predict chili planting using the C4.5 algorithm. First, the researchers collect weather and price data taken from DISPERINDAG, BMKG , use chili price data on the market as a dataset to be later preprocessed to eliminate missing values, data outliers and imbalance data and then make a model that can predict chili planting. The prediction results using the rule from the decision tree have an accuracy rate of 97.8% based on the calculation of the prediction using validation data as much as 95 data

Kesultanan Jambi dalam Jaringan Perdagangan Antar Bangsa (1480-1834)

This paper discusses the Jambi kingdom and its existence as a country located on the international trade route. This is interesting to study because the period of its existence coincided with the golden age of trade between nations which involved emporium countries that were located along the trade route from China in the east to the Mediterranean in the western tip. This period is said by historians to be the prosperous era of the Asian emporium. By using a multi-dimensional approach and supported by the application of historical methods that refer to scientific historical research procedures, the results of this study are expected to provide an explanation of the main problems posed and thus contribute to the development of science, especially about Jambi's local history. In addition, it can be used as material for consideration by related institutions in order to preserve historical and cultural values and for regional development. The results of the study show that the Jambi region has been involved in international trade networks since the beginning of the century AD, but its nature has experienced ups and downs. From the 3rd century to the 7th century Jambi's involvement was evident in the existence of the Koying, Tupo, Kantoli and Malay kingdoms. From the 7th century to the 11th century that role declined because the Malay kingdom was controlled by Srivijaya, which was centered in Palembang. When Srivijaya weakened in the 11th century, Malays broke away and re-emerged as an important trading port in the archipelago. Entering the 12th century, this role has declined again due to competition from other trading ports located on the east coast of North Sumatra, as well as direct trade to the interior. The Jambi kingdom was re-established at the end of the 15th century, reaching its peak in the 17th century when pepper became an important commodity in international trade. As a large pepper producing country, Jambi emerged as an important trading port which was visited by both foreign and Nusantara traders. But since the end of the 17th century, Jambi has been in decline. The cause was Jambi's defeat of Johor in repeated wars between 1667 and 1673. Other reasons were the internal conflict of the kingdom, and the Dutch intervention in the affairs of the royal government, as well as the falling price of pepper on the international market. The decline in the price of pepper led to a decrease in the income of the kingdom and the community, thus causing the reluctance of traders to come to Jambi Port. In the 19th century the port of Jambi was no longer visited by maritime merchants of the archipelago.