Pepper Spray Research Articles

Effects of phytonutrients and yeast culture supplementation on lactational performance and nutrient use efficiency in dairy cows

Yeast culture and phytonutrients are dietary supplements with distinct modes of action, and they may have additive effects on the performance of dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a preparation of phytonutrients and a yeast culture from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on lactational performance, total-tract digestibility of nutrients, urinary nitrogen losses, energy metabolism markers, and blood cells in dairy cows. Thirty-six mid-lactation Holstein cows (10 primiparous and 26 multiparous) were used in an 8-wk randomized complete block design experiment with a 2-wk covariate period, 2 wk for adaptation to the diets, and a 4-wk experimental period for data and samples collection. Following a 2-wk covariate period, cows were blocked by days in milk, parity, and milk yield and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments (12 cows per treatment): basal diet supplemented with 14 g/cow per day yeast culture (YC; S. cerevisiae), basal diet supplemented with 1.0 g/cow per day phytonutrients (PN; 5.5% cinnamaldehyde, 9.5% eugenol, and 3.5% capsicum oleoresin), or basal diet supplemented with a combination of YC and PN (YCPN). Treatments were top-dressed once daily on the total mixed ration at time of feeding. Dry matter intake, milk yield, and feed efficiency were not affected by treatments. Milk composition and energy-corrected milk yield were also not affected by supplementation of YC, PN, and YCPN. There were no differences in intake or total-tract digestibility of dietary nutrients among treatments. Compared with YC, the PN and YCPN treatments tended to decrease the proportion of short-chain fatty acids in milk fat. There was an additive effect of YC and PN supplementation on urinary urea nitrogen (UUN) excretion relative to total nitrogen intake. Cows fed a diet supplemented with YCPN had lower UUN excretion than cows in YC and tended to have lower UUN excretion compared with PN. Blood monocytes count and percentage were decreased in cows fed PN and YCPN diets compared with YC. Treatments did not affect concentrations of blood β-hydroxybutyrate and total fatty acids. Overall, lactational performance, digestibility of nutrients, energy metabolism markers, and blood cells were not affected by YC, PN, or YCPN supplementation. A combination of PN and YC had an additive effect on nitrogen excretion in dairy cows.

Skin laceration caused by a short distance shot from a pepper spray launcher: a case report

Pepper spray launchers are more precise and wind stable compared to conventional pepper sprays and are commonly used as a self-defensive tool. With the advanced potential, they may also harbour a greater risk for injuries, especially if they are not used within the suggested safety distance. If the shooting distance is below 1.5 m, energy densities may exceed the threshold energy density for the penetration of skin leading to skin laceration. We present a case where a man is hit by the liquid jet of a JPX Jet Protector® with an estimated shooting distance of 0.3 m. The man suffered from a bleeding skin laceration, which had to be sewed in the hospital. This case report furthermore outlines the potentially dangerous effect of pepper spray launchers and thereby their role in forensic investigations.

Effects of a combination of Capsicum oleoresin and clove essential oil on metabolic status, lactational performance, and enteric methane emissions in dairy cows.

Botanical extracts have a potential to modify ruminal fermentation while enhancing metabolism and immunity in dairy cows. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a combination of Capsicum oleoresin and clove essential oil (botanicals; BTC) on lactational performance, nutrient utilization, enteric methane (CH4) emissions, and blood parameters in dairy cows. Twenty Holstein cows (12 multiparous and 8 primiparous) averaging (±SD) 77 ± 28 d in milk in the beginning of the study were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment with 4 periods of 28 d each. Cows were grouped into squares based on parity, milk yield and days in milk, and assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: control (CON), 150, 300, or 600 mg/cow per day of BTC. Cows received the same basal diet and BTC were top-dressed on the total mixed ration once daily. Dry matter intake, milk production, and milk composition were not affected by BTC supplementation, except for milk fat content that tended to be increased in BTC, compared with CON. Daily CH4 emission (measured using the GreenFeed system) was linearly decreased by up to 7.5% with increasing doses of BTC. Treatment decreased CH4 yield (kg of CH4 ÷ kg of DMI) and tended to decrease CH4 intensity (kg of CH4 ÷ kg of milk or energy-corrected milk yields) by 5% in BTC, compared with CON. Supplementation of BTC resulted in a quadratic decrease of serum β-hydroxybutyrate in all cows, and a linear decrease of serum insulin concentration in primiparous but not in multiparous cows. Nutrient utilization and other blood parameters (e.g., blood cells count) were not affected by BTC in the current study. The reduction of enteric CH4 emission demonstrates a moderate mitigation effect on carbon footprint of milk by BTC supplementation. These results must be further investigated and confirmed in longer-term experiments.

Comparison of Different self-defense Sprays in the Hands of paramedics – simulation Study

Pepper spray is a self-defense tool used to prevent or stop aggressive behavior by quick and temporary incapacitation of the aggressor. The main aim of this study is to compare the effect of 2 different tools – Flashlight spray (Tool 1) and a gun shaped pepper spray (Tool 2) for paramedics in Prague. We performed a simulated test of the use of the tools with 10 paramedics (5 men, 5 women; the average age was 28 years) – nobody had been educated in using the mentioned self-defense tools. Using pepper spray (Tool 1) is faster and safer than using a pepper gun (Tool 2). There were discovered a lot of negative factors for recommendation for both of these tools: long time period for using against possible perpetrators; impossibility of the using in the space of ambulance. We found that neither tool is appropriate for paramedics.

Dietary supplementation of botanical blends enhanced performance and disease resistance of weaned pigs experimentally infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F18.

Botanicals exhibit promising impacts on intestinal health, immune-regulation, and growth promotion in weaned pigs. However, these benefits may vary depending on major active components in the final feed additive products. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate two types of botanical blends (BB) that were comprised of 0.3% capsicum oleoresin and 12% garlic extracts from different sources on performance, diarrhea, and health of weaned piglets experimentally infected with a pathogenic Escherichia coli F18. Sixty weanling pigs (7.17 ± 0.97 kg body weight (BW)) blocked by weight and gender were assigned to one of five dietary treatments: negative control (NC), positive control (PC), or dietary supplementation with 100 mg/kg of BB1, 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg of BB2. This study lasted 28 d with 7 d before and 21 d after the first E. coli inoculation (day 0). All pigs, except negative control, were orally inoculated with 1010 cfu E. coli F18/3-mL dose for 3 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected periodically to analyze systemic immunity. Intestinal tissues and mucosa were collected on days 5 and 21 PI for analyzing histology and gene expression. All data, except for frequency of diarrhea, were analyzed by ANOVA using the PROC MIXED of SAS. The Chi-square test was used for analyzing frequency of diarrhea. Escherichia coli infection reduced (P < 0.05) growth rate and feed intake and increased (P < 0.05) frequency of diarrhea of weaned pigs throughout the experiment. Supplementation of 100 mg/kg BB1 or BB2 alleviated (P < 0.05) frequency of diarrhea of E. coli challenged pigs during the entire experiment. Escherichia coli infection also enhanced (P < 0.05) serum TNF-α and haptoglobin concentrations on day 4 post-inoculation (PI) but reduced (P < 0.05) duodenal villi height and area on day 5 PI, while pigs supplemented with 100 mg/kg BB1 or BB2 had lower (P < 0.05) serum TNF-α than pigs in PC on day 4 PI. Pigs fed with 100 mg/kg BB2 had higher (P < 0.05) jejunal villi height than pigs in PC on day 5 PI. Pigs fed with 100 mg/kg BB2 had reduced (P < 0.05) gene expression of IL1B, PTGS2, and TNFA in ileal mucosa than pigs in PC on day 21 PI. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of botanical blends at 100 mg/kg could enhance disease resistance of weaned pigs infected with E. coli F18 by enhancing intestinal morphology and regulating local and systemic immunity of pigs.

The influence of a carrier food on the perceived spiciness of chili pepper sauce

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the influence of carrier foods on the perceived spiciness of chili pepper sauces. Three different chili pepper sauces with known levels of synthetic oleoresin capsicum (0, 0.1, 0.3%) were prepared and served to trained panelists alongside two different carrier foods (chicken breasts and tortilla chips). The panelists evaluated the perceived intensity of the spiciness, Tmax and capsaicinoid were analyzed using u‐HPLC. Decreases in the level of perceived intensity of the spiciness was observed in chili pepper sauces served with carrier foods as compared to chili pepper sauces served alone (p &lt; .05). The perceived intensity of the sauces served with chicken breast was significantly lower than that of the sauces served with tortilla chips (p &lt; .05). This result indicates that the carrier foods served with chili pepper sauces may reduce the perceived spiciness perception of chili pepper sauces.Practical applicationThis study indicated that the human‐perceived level of spiciness in hot chili pepper sauces is influenced by carrier foods; the effect of the sauces seemed to be greater when they were served with chicken breast than with tortilla chips. This result could help culinary artists determine how best to incorporate hot chili pepper sauces into their dishes.

Study of the incorporation of oleoresin Capsicum as an interfacial agent in starch-poly(lactic acid) bilayer films

Study of the incorporation of oleoresin Capsicum as an interfacial agent in starch-poly(lactic acid) bilayer films

Prepartum maternal supplementation of Capsicum oleoresin improves colostrum quality and buffalo calves' performance.

The present study aims to evaluate the effects of prepartum maternal supplementation of Capsicum oleoresin (CAP) on colostrum quality and growth performance in newborn buffalo calves. Twelve multiparous buffaloes were randomly assigned to two groups starting from 4 weeks prepartum: the control group with a basal diet (CON) and the treatment group with a basal diet supplemented with 20 mg CAP/kg dry matter (CAP20). After birth, all calves were weighed and received colostrum from their respective dam directly within 2 h. After that, calves received pasteurized milk and starter feed till 56 days of age. The results showed that CAP increased lactose (P < 0.05) in colostrum, and it tended to increase monounsaturated fatty acids; however, it decreased colostrum urea nitrogen (P < 0.10). CAP did not affect colostrum yield and immunoglobulin G and M concentrations. The weekly starter intake was not affected by maternal CAP supplementation during the first 6 weeks of life. There was an increasing tendency in weekly starter intake from weeks 7 and 8 (P < 0.10) in CAP20 compared with CON. At 7 days of age, calves in CAP20 had higher immunoglobulin G (P < 0.05) and a decreased tendency in calves' serum glucose compared with CON. Additionally, maternal CAP supplementation increased calves' serum β-hydroxybutyric acid (P < 0.05) and tended to increase total protein (P < 0.10), while decreased non-esterified fatty acids (P < 0.05) at 56 days of age. Calves in CAP20 had higher final withers height, final heart girth, average withers height, and average heart girth than the CON (P < 0.05). These results suggest that maternal CAP supplementation could improve colostrum quality and positively affect the performance of buffalo calves.

Effects of capsicum oleoresin supplementation on rumen fermentation and microbial abundance under different temperature and dietary conditions in vitro.

This study aimed to determine the effect of capsicum oleoresin (CAP) on rumen fermentation and microbial abundance under different temperature and dietary conditions in vitro. The experimental design was arranged in a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial format together with two temperatures (normal: 39°C; hyperthermal: 42°C), two forage/concentrate ratios (30:70; 70:30), and two CAP concentrations in the incubation fluid at 20 and 200 mg/L with a control group. Regarding the fermentation characteristics, high temperature reduced short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production except for molar percentages of butyrate while increasing acetate-to-propionate ratio and ammonia concentration. The diets increased total SCFA, propionate, and ammonia concentrations while decreasing acetate percentage and acetate-to-propionate ratio. CAP reduced acetate percentage and acetate-to-propionate ratio. Under hyperthermal condition, CAP could reduce acetate percentage and increase acetate-to-propionate ratio, lessening the negative effect of high heat on SCFA. Hyperthermal condition and diet altered the relative abundance of microbial abundance in cellulose-degrading bacteria. CAP showed little effect on the microbial abundance which only increased Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. Thus, CAP could improve rumen fermentation under different conditions, with plasticity in response to the ramp of different temperature and dietary conditions, although hardly affecting rumen microbial abundance.

Phenol-Rich Botanicals Modulate Oxidative Stress and Epithelial Integrity in Intestinal Epithelial Cells.

Simple SummaryPhenolic compounds are one of the largest groups of botanical components able to provide advantageous effects. Phenol-rich botanicals are widely investigated for their numerous characteristics, mainly antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Despite the increasing use of these substances in food and feed, their effect on intestinal mucosa is still marginally known. The aim of this study was to screen the activity of different sources of phenol compounds on intestinal oxidation and barrier integrity in vitro. Human intestinal cells were treated with increasing doses of phenol-rich botanicals, then, an evaluation of oxidative stress and mucosal integrity markers was performed. Different sources of phenolic compounds elicit different responses from an organism, although all the tested botanicals showed a positive effect on treated cells. The results suggest that the potential use of these botanicals as dietary supplements could improve intestinal barrier function.Botanicals are mainly known for their role as antimicrobials and anti-inflammatories. Thus, the dual purpose of the study was to verify the antioxidant potential of the tested botanicals and to evaluate their possible modulation of intestinal barrier integrity. As the effects of various phenol-rich extracts were screened, the human Caco-2 cell line was determined to be most suitable for use as the in vitro model for the intestinal epithelium. The tested botanicals, all approved as feed additives, are ginger essential oil, tea tree oil, grape seed extract, green tea extract, olive extract, chestnut extract, pomegranate extract, thyme essential oil, and capsicum oleoresin. The cells were treated with incremental doses of each botanical, followed by measurements of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), gene expression of tight junctions (TJs), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results showed how different phenol-rich botanicals could modulate barrier functions and oxidative stress in different ways. Interestingly, all the botanicals tested exerted an antioxidant potential by dropping the cytoplasmatic ROS, while the beneficial effect was exerted at different concentrations for each botanical. Our data support the role of plant extracts and essential oils in controlling gut barrier function and in reducing the negative effects of oxidative stress in intestinal epithelial cells, thereby supporting gut barrier functionality.

Effects of rumen-protected Capsicum oleoresin on dry matter intake, average daily gain, and carcass characteristics of finishing beef steers

Our objective was to evaluate growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing steers fed rumen-protected Capsicum oleoresin supplements differing in the extent of ruminal protection and when provided at 2 dose rates.

Effect of capsicum oleoresin and denatonium benzoate in polybutylene succinate on anti-gnawing, thermal and rheological properties

The purpose of this research is to prepare anti-gnawing bio-polymer composites and to investigate morphology, thermal and rheological properties. The non-lethal substances of denatonium benzoate (DB) mixed with zinc stearate (ZnSt) and capsicum oleoresin (CO) impregnated in silica (SiCO) were mixed with polybutylene succinate (PBS). DB gives the bitter taste and CO provides burning sensation to the rats. The concentration of DB/ZnSt is 2 wt% and concentration of SiCO is ranging from 12 to 24 wt%. The influence of the substances and concentration is analyzed by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. The substances and concentration are most significant with P-values less than 0.05. The specimens were examined gnawing test for 3 months. The best rat-proof sample is 12S, consisting of SiCO 12 wt%. SiCO presents better rat-proof property than DB. The incorporation of DB/ZnSt reduced rheological properties and thermal stability. The increase in SiCO concentration in PBS improved rheological properties and thermal properties. The PBS composites are good rat-preventing plastics.

Effect of 5-Amino-1H-Tetrazole on Combustion Pyrolysis Characteristics and Kinetics of a Combustion Tear Gas Mixture

Taking the combustion tear gas mixture as the research object, the system formula was optimized by adding a different mass fraction of 5-amino-1H-tetrazole(5AT). TG-DSC, a thermocouple, and a laser smoke test system were used to characterize the characteristic combustion parameters such as combustion temperature and velocity, as well as the end-point effects such as smoke concentration and particle size. Starink’s method, the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa method, and the Coats–Redfern method were used to evaluate the pyrolysis kinetic parameters of the samples. The results show that when the mass fraction of 5-amino-1H-tetrazole in the system is 10%, the maximum combustion temperature of the sample decreases by nearly 70 °C and the smoke concentration increases by 12.81%. The kinetic study also found that with a different mass fraction of 5-amino-1H-tetrazole in the system, the main reaction model of the mixed agent in the first, third, and fourth stages of pyrolysis changed significantly, but for the second stage of sample pyrolysis, the main reaction model (the A4 model) showed a high degree of consistency, which can be considered as the thermal diffusion stage of the tear agent capsicum oleoresin (OC) (the temperature range is 220~350 °C), which is highly consistent with the results of the TG-DSC analysis. It was also confirmed that OC’s thermal diffusion is mainly concentrated in this stage. The results of this study show that adding an appropriate amount of the combustible agent 5-amino-1H-tetrazole to the combustion tear gas mixture can improve its combustion performance and smoking performance, which provides an important, new idea for the development of a new generation of safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly tear gas mixtures.

Introduction toVisual Arts ResearchSpecial Issue, Body Cam: The Visual Regimes of Policing

Introduction to<i>Visual Arts Research</i>Special Issue, Body Cam: The Visual Regimes of Policing

Preparation of electrospun hybrid polyacrylonitrile nanofibers containing TiO2/Fe3O4 and their capsaicinoids adsorption applications

AbstractCapsaicinoids are a group of alkaloids responsible for the pungent and spicy flavor in chili peppers, with bioactive properties. Spray of pepper made from the active ingredient of capsicum oleoresin and other inert ingredients. In this study, polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/TiO2/Fe3O4 composite nanofiber was prepared by electrospinning method. To optimize the factors effecting diameter of membrane, Taguchi method was applied. Optimum conditions such as 9 wt% PAN, 10 wt% TiO2/Fe3O4, voltage 10 kV, and 20 cm needle tip‐to‐collector distance were selected. The specific surface area of nanofiber, 10.51 m2g‐1, was confirmed by nitrogen sorption isotherm analysis. Then, nanofiber was used as a new absorbent membrane for adsorption of capsaicinoids. After optimizing conditions using Central Composite Design (CCD), the high efficincy was obtained by 50 mg/mL nanofiber membrane, which exhibited about 96 % adsorption efficiency after 10 min contact time for 1 mg/mL of capsaicinoids. The obtained membrane could be reused for capsicinoids adsorption with high efficiency for multiply times. The results showed that the obtained nanofiber membrane has the great potential to be used in protective clothing and chemical masks to absorb the active ingredients in spray pepper.

Simultaneous determination of trace level riot control agents in environmental water by solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector

In this paper, a direct immersion solid-phase microextraction procedure for the simultaneous analyses of four primary riot control agents: 2-chloroacetophenone, o-chlorobenzylidene malonitrile, dibenz(b,f)-1,4-oxazepine, and oleoresin capsicum at μg/L concentration from environmental water was developed. Several parameters that influence the extraction effectiveness were investigated, including fiber type, extraction temperature, extraction time, starring rate, and salinity. Under the recommended conditions, the optimized method had reasonable linearity and accuracy. The average recovery of this method ranged from 84 to 108.1%. The limit of detection for all the analytes ranged from 0.2 to 3 μg/L and the limit of quantification ranged from 1 to 10 μg/L, respectively. A relative standard deviation from 3.0 to 4.3% can be achieved depending on the compounds. The procedure was applied to analyze all the four riot control agents simultaneously in several environmental samples.

Optimization of accelerated solvent extraction of paprika oleoresin and its effect on capsaicinoid and carotenoid composition

Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) is an automatic extraction technology that performs at elevated temperature and pressure to achieve efficient extraction of compounds from solid or semisolid samples in a very short time. In this study, the response surface method (RSM) was used to establish an efficient ASE method for rapid extraction of high-quality paprika (Capsicum) oleoresin with American Spice Trade Association (ASTA) color value as the response variable. The ASTA color values and pungency levels of paprika oleoresin obtained by ASE, maceration extraction (ME) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) were further compared. The optimal conditions for ASE procedure are a static time of 28 min, an extraction temperature of 78 °C, and 2 cycles. Under these optimal conditions, the ASTA color value of extracted paprika oleoresin reached 847 and the scoville heat unit (SHU) reached 57,200 ± 362. These values were significantly higher than those obtained by ME (ASTA color value: 607, SHU: 42,800 ± 144) or UAE (ASTA color value: 750, SHU: 50,500 ± 1690). These results were also reflected by total carotenoid and capsaicinoid content. There was little difference in carotenoid distribution in ASE, ME and UAE samples. In addition, ASE did not promote additional trans/cis transformation of carotenoids.

Considering Meme-Based Non-Fungible Tokens’ Racial Implications

Considering Meme-Based Non-Fungible Tokens’ Racial Implications

PSV-4 Dietary Supplementation of Botanical Extracts on Intestinal Health and Serum Inflammatory Biomarkers of Weaned Pigs Experimentally Infected with a Pathogenic Escherichia Coli

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of dietary supplementation of 2 blends of botanical extracts (GRAS) comprised of capsicum oleoresin and garlic varieties on intestinal health and serum inflammatory biomarkers of weanling pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli). Sixty weaned pigs (body weight = 7.17 ± 0.97 kg) were individually housed and allotted to 1 of 5 treatments: negative control (NC), positive control (PC), control+GRAS1 (100 ppm), control+GRAS2 (50 ppm), and control+GRAS2 (100 ppm). The experiment lasted 28 d: from d -7 to 21 post-inoculation (PI). All piglets except the pigs in NC were orally inoculated with E. coli F18 (1010 CFU/3 mL). Serum samples were collected throughout the experiment to analyze TNF-α and haptoglobin. Jejunal and ileal mucosa were collected from 30 pigs (6 pigs/treatment) on d 5 and 21 PI to measure mRNA expression of genes related to gut barrier function and immune responses. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using PROC MIXED of SAS with randomized complete block design. Pigs supplemented with GRAS1 and 100 ppm of GRAS2 had less (P &amp;lt; 0.05) serum TNF-α concentrations on d 4 PI than pigs in PC. On d 21 PI, pigs supplemented with GRAS1 and GRAS2 (100 ppm) had decreased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) expression of MUC2 or ZO1 in jejunal mucosa than pigs in PC. Pigs in PC expressed more (P &amp;lt; 0.05) PTGS2 in ileal mucosa than pigs in NC on d 21 PI. Supplementation of GRAS reduced (P &amp;lt; 0.05) mRNA expression of PTGS2 in ileal mucosa of weaned pigs, regardless of dose and garlic variety. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of botanical blends modulated intestinal health and systemic immunity of weaned pigs infected with E. coli F18.

PSIV-8 Dietary Botanical Blends Modified the Intestinal Microbiota of Weaned Pigs Experimentally Challenged with an Enterotoxigenic E. Coli

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the intestinal microbiota of weaned pigs when supplemented with different botanical blends while being experimentally infected with a pathogenic E. coli. A total of 60 weaned pigs (7.17 ± 0.97 kg) were individually housed and randomly assigned to 1 of the 5 treatments (12 pigs/treatment): sham control (CON-), challenged control (CON+), challenged botanical blend 1 with 100 ppm (BB1_100), challenged BB2 with 50 ppm (BB2_50), and challenged BB2 with 100 ppm (BB2_100). Both botanical blends were composed of capsicum oleoresin but different garlic extract varieties. The experiment lasted for 28 d including a 7-day habituation period followed by an E. coli oral inoculation of 1010 CFU/dose for 3 consecutive days. Ileal, cecal, and fecal samples were collected on d 5 and 21 post inoculation (PI) to perform 16S rRNA sequencing at the V4 hypervariable region followed by a downstream analysis using QIIME2 (v. 2020.8) and R. No difference was observed in alpha diversity among treatments and sites on d 21 PI; however, CON- had the least Shannon and Chao1 indices in ileal digesta on d 5 PI. Bray-Curtis PCoA displayed distinct clusters by treatments in the ileum and cecum on d 5 and 21 PI. On d 5 PI, Bacteroidota was more abundant (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in feces of BB1_100 but was the most abundant (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in ileum of CON-. Pigs in BB2 supplementation were more abundant (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in Proteobacteria in feces than in pigs in CON- at d 5 PI. On d 21 PI, Streptococcaceae was more abundant (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in the ileum of CON+ than of BB2_50 and Lachnospiraceae was more (P &amp;lt; 0.05) abundant in feces of pigs in BB2_100 than in BB1_100. In conclusion, supplementing botanical blend can modify the intestinal microbiota in weaned pigs challenged with a pathogenic E. coli.