Pepper Farmers Research Articles

STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN AGRIBISNIS PETANI CABAI RAWIT DI KECAMATAN KOLONO TIMUR KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN

This study aims to find out the agribusiness condition and agribusiness development strategy carried out by cayenne pepper farmers in East Kolono District, South Konawe Regency. This research was conducted in East Kolono District, South Konawe District. Location determination is carried out purposively with several considerations, including that East Kolono District is one of the cayenne pepper commodity producing areas in South Konawe Regency, East Kolono sub-district has farmers who have developed cayenne pepper and made it the main commodity to cultivate, and the location of the research is easy to reach, as well as time considerations, and the existence of facilities in the form of sub-district offices making it easier for researchers to collect data. This study uses qualitative methods, using the analysis proposed by Miles and Huberman, namely data reduction, data presentation and preliminary conclusions. The results of this research on the agribusiness of cayenne pepper farmers in East Kolono District were carried out in a conventional way and have not involved supporting institutions optimally. while the agribusiness development strategy of cayenne pepper farmers in East Kolono District applies a devensive strategy or running a business based on rationality.

Farmers’ Behavior in White Pepper Production in Delas Village, Airgegas District, South Bangka Regency

The decline in the amount of pepper production in Bangka Belitung was caused by the decline in the selling price of white pepper received by farmers. Apart from the decline in the selling price of white pepper, the development of other plantation commodities also influences farmers' behavior in cultivating white pepper, so that many pepper farmers choose to switch to farming other commodities. The aims of this research are 1) to describe farmers' behavior in cultivating white pepper in Delas Village, Airgegas District, South Bangka Regency, and 2) to analyze the factors that influence farmers' decisions in cultivating white pepper in Delas Village, Airgegas District, South Bangka Regency. . This research was conducted using a survey method. Sampling used purportive sampling with a sample size of 80 respondents. Data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive and binary logistic regression. The results of the research show that the behavior of farmers in cultivating white pepper in Delas Village with a percentage of 30 percent is still cultivating pepper even though the price of white pepper is low for the reason that it has been a culture passed down from generation to generation and so that the availability of pepper remains even in smaller quantities. Meanwhile, 70 percent of farmers chose to change their pepper farming to other commodities such as palm oil and rubber. The factors that influence farmers' decisions in cultivating white pepper are the variables Number of Dependents and other sources of income.

Efficiency of Production Factors in The Farming of Bird’s Eye Chili in Lamoahi Village, North Buton Regency

Chili is a commodity that often triggers inflation at certain times or periods due to sudden price increases. The reason is that the availability of chilies is not sufficient for market demand due to production inefficiencies. This research aims to determine the factors that influence cayenne pepper production and determine the efficiency of using production factors using the Cobb-Douglas production function. The results of the research show that seeds and labour have a significant effect on increasing cayenne pepper farming, while land area, fertilizers, and pesticides do not have a significant effect on production. The use of production factors has not yet reached the maximum level of efficiency. Production factors that are not yet efficient are land area and labour so their utilization needs to be increased. Meanwhile, inefficient production factors are seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides so their use does not need to be increased or reduced.

ANALISIS FAKTOR DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS TENAGA KERJA WANITA TANI TERHADAP USAHATANI CABAI RAWIT DI PAOK PAMPANG, LOMBOK TIMUR

Cayenne pepper plants are very suitable in areas that have high soil fertility, one of which is in the Rinjani Geopark Area. East Lombok Regency is one of the cayenne pepper commodity producing areas in NTB Province. Cayenne pepper farming is one of the livelihoods of the local population, especially the farm women's labor, the productivity of farm women's labor can be a source of competitive advantage of cayenne pepper farming, the higher the productivity of farm women's labor, the higher the production of cayenne pepper in East Lombok Regency so that the importance of measuring the increase in productivity of farm women's labor based on the variables obtained will be measured which variables have the most significant influence and will be seen the correlation value to the productivity of farm women's labor. Respondents used in this study were female workers who worked on chili farms in Paok Pampang village. Data collection using survey techniques by conducting interviews using questionnaires to 35 respondents. Then to analyze the factors that affect the productivity of women's labor on the cayenne pepper farm in Paok Pampang village, Sukamulia sub-district, East Lombok with reference to the variables that affect the labor time of women farmers.

PENYUSUNAN NILAI TUKAR PETANI (NTP) PADA TANAMAN PANGAN DAN PERKEBUNAN DI KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN

South Konawe Regency, as an agricultural region with a large population and a dominant proportion of households working in agriculture, pays attention to farmers' welfare as very strategic. One of the tools to measure farmer welfare currently used is the Farmer Exchange Rate (NTP). The aim of carrying out this research activity is to determine the farmer's exchange rate (NTP), and the factors that influence the farmer's exchange rate food crop and plantation sectors in South Konawe Regency. This research uses a quantitative research approach. The sample for this study was determined to be 600 farmers, consisting of 300 food crop farmers (150 lowland rice farmers, 85 corn farmers, and 65 cassava farmers) and 300 plantation crop farmers (105 cocoa farmers, 65 cashew farmers, 65 pepper farmers, and 65 coconut farmers). The sampling technique that will be used is multistage random sampling. To collect research data, use the observation method, questionnaire method, and documentary method. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, NTP analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The research results showed that the Farmer Exchange Rate (NTP) in the food crop and plantation sectors in 2021 was 97.21% and 97.21% (NTP < 100), meaning that food crop and plantation farmers experienced a deficit. Production prices rose less than increases in consumption prices and production costs. The level of farmer welfare has decreased compared to the previous level of farmer welfare. The factors or variables of land area and farmer expenditure significantly influence the NTP of farmers in the field of food crops by 93%. The farmer's land area variable has a significant positive effect on NTP, while farmer expenditure has a significant negative effect on NTP in the field of food crops. Factors or variables of family responsibilities, income and farmer expenses significantly influence the NTP for plantation crops at 96%. Farmers' income has a significant positive effect on NTP, while family responsibilities and farmers' expenses have a significant negative effect on NTP in plantation crops in South Konawe Regency.

Pengendalian Hama Tanaman Cabai Rawit Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Pendapatan Petani Di Desa Lalopisi Kecamatan Meluhu

This research aims to determine the control of thrips pests on the production of cayenne pepper plants and the impact of controlling thrips pests on farmers' income in Lalopisi Village, Meluhu District, Konawe Regency. The location of this research is Lalopisi Village, Meluhu District, Konawe Regency. The number of samples in this research was 10 farmers. To complete the first and second research objectives, namely by using a qualitative descriptive method, based on the research results, it shows that thrips pest control on cayenne pepper plants in Lalopisi Village, Meluhu District, Konawe Regency is carried out in two ways, namely mechanical pest control and chemical pest control. . Control of thrips sp pest attacks. carried out by respondents or cayenne pepper farmers in Lalopisi Village, Meluhu District, Konawe Regency, had an impact on increasing the production and income of cayenne pepper farming.

Drivers of Capia Pepper Farmers’ Intentions and Behaviors on Pesticide Use in Turkey: A Structural Equation Model

The main actors responsible for pesticide use behavior are farmers. Still, drivers are influencing the pesticide use behavior of farmers in the background. The Theory of Planned Behavior is a widely used concept that explains farmers’ pesticide use behavioral intention. However, prior literature shows that behavior is not included model mainly. As a novelty, it was investigated whether behavioral intention transforms into behavior in this study. Again in this context, it is the first study conducted in Turkey. Turkey is in the top three for pepper production in the world. Also, pepper is one of the products that use the most pesticides. This study aims to determine and explain capia pepper farmers’ pesticide reduction intention and pesticide use behaviors in Turkey. For this purpose, pesticide use behaviors of farmers in the province of Çanakkale, which ranks first in capia pepper production in Turkey, were modeled with the Structural Equation Modeling. Face-to-face surveys were conducted with 206 capia pepper farmers selected by random sampling method. Research results show that subjective norms and attitudes are important determinants of farmers' willingness to reduce pesticide use. Likewise, perceived behavioral control is a unique factor in farmers' use of pesticides. However, farmers' intentions to reduce pesticide use were not reflected in their actions. It is important to increase the awareness of farmers about pesticide behavior. Agricultural policy implications should be planned that target the perceived behavior, subjective norms, and attitudes of farmers.

Effectiveness of Warehouse Receipt Management in Increasing Sharia Banking Access for Pepper Farming Communities

Pepper is one of the leading commodities in the plantation sub-sector and has great potential for Indonesia's economic growth. Indonesia is known as one of the world's main producers of pepper, especially black pepper which comes from Lampung Province and white pepper which comes from the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. Nationally, the Bangka Belitung Islands province is the province with the largest pepper income in Indonesia. Over time, efforts have emerged from the government to overcome the problem of fluctuating pepper prices resulting in low prices at the farmer level by implementing the Warehouse Receipt System (SRG). This research tries to examine how the management of pepper warehouse receipts in Bangka Belitung is related to WRS which is currently developing. The objects of this research are warehouse receipts. The results of this research indicate that the management of the Warehouse Receipt System in Bangka Belitung in general has not been implemented optimally, this can be seen from the public's lack of understanding about warehouse receipts, as well as the small number of pepper farming communities who use warehouse receipts as temporary storage, as for the obstacles faced by warehouse receipt managers, including the lack of information and outreach to pepper farmers about warehouse receipts themselves. Banking access for pepper farming communities in Bangka Belitung is quite good, because in its implementation sharia banks in Bangka Belitung can provide financing using warehouse receipts as collateral.

Analisis Pendapatan Usahatani Cabai Rawit Di Desa Bongo Empat Kecamatan Paguyaman Kabupaten Boalemo

This study aims to analyze the income of cayenne pepper farmers in Bongo Empat Village, Paguyaman District, Bolemo Regency. This research was conducted from June to December 2022. This research used 2 types of data, namely primary and secondary data. Sampling using purposive sampling method (intentionally). The population of cayenne pepper farmers in Bongo Empat Village is 67 farmers. The samples used were 20 chili farmers who were harvesting during the research. The data analysis method used in this research is descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that the net income of cayenne pepper farmers in Bongo Village, Paguyuman District, Boalemo Regency can be IDR62.361.311 per hectare.

Tingkat Pendapatan dan Kelayakan Usaha Tani Cabai Merah di Dusun Taeno Desa Rumahtiga Kota Ambon

Cayenne pepper is an important commodity that causes inflation in Ambon City. Inflation conditions occur because there are frequent price fluctuations due to fluctuations in the supply of these commodities. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the income level and feasibility of red chili farming in Taeno Hamlet, Rumahtiga Village, Ambon City. The results of the research concluded that the income of red chili farmers, the income of cayenne pepper farmers in Taeno Hamlet was obtained from a total income of Rp958,200,000,00 with an average of Rp23,955,000,00 minus total production costs of Rp219,995,000,00 with an average IDR 5,499,875,00 so that the income received by cayenne pepper farmers in Taeno Hamlet is IDR 738,205,000,00 with an average of IDR 18,455,125,00 per year. The Revenue Cost Ratio results show a ratio value of 4.36 which is obtained from total income divided by total production. Based on the results of the feasibility analysis of cayenne pepper farming, R/C. Thus, it can be concluded that cayenne pepper farming in Taeno Negeri Rumahtiga Hamlet, Teluk Ambon District is worth pursuing.

Transitioning from Monoculture to Mixed Cropping Systems: The Case of Coffee, Pepper, and Fruit Trees in Vietnam

In the Central Highlands of Vietnam, coffee (Coffea canephora) and pepper (Peper nigrum) farmers have started transitioning from monoculture to mix cropping systems. To investigate this ongoing shift towards diversified systems and understand the underlying agronomic and economic drivers, a total of 234 interviews were conducted with farmers in the three provinces of Dak Lak, Dak Nong and Gia Lai in 2021. The interviews showed that farmers are increasingly incorporating coffee, pepper, and fruit trees (mostly avocado, durian, and macadamia) within their plots. This response is likely driven by market prices and government incentives. The addition of perennial crops into existing systems results in an overall increase in planting densities (+33–71% compared with monoculture systems). Despite the intensification and diversification, there is currently no noticeable competition between crops, and productivity per tree remains high in these intensive farming systems. Furthermore, diversified coffee systems exhibit higher gross margins (only considering fertilizer and pesticide costs while excluding labor costs) than monoculture coffee systems. They also demonstrate greater economic resilience to price fluctuations. Given the perennial nature of the crops, this transformation is expected to continue unfolding in the coming years, reshaping the agricultural landscape of the Central Highlands.

Silicone wristband as a sampling tool for insecticide exposure assessment of vegetable farmers

The use of passive sampling devices (PSDs) as an appropriate alternative to conventional methods of assessing human exposure to environmental toxicants was studied. One-time purposive sampling by a silicone wristband was used to measure insecticide residues in 35 volunteer pepper farmers in the Vea irrigation scheme in the Guinea savannah and the Weija irrigation scheme in the coastal savannah ecological zones of Ghana. A GC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for quantifying 18 insecticides used by farmers in Ghana. Limits of detection (LODs) and quantitation (LOQs) ranged from 0.64 to 67 and 2.2–222 ng per wristband, respectively. The selected insecticides showed a range of concentrations in the various silicone wristbands from not detected to 27 μg/wristband. The concentrations of 13 insecticides were above their LOQs. Chlorpyrifos had the highest detection frequencies and concentrations, followed by cyhalothrin and then allethrin. This study shows that silicone wristbands can be used to detect individual insecticide exposures, providing a valuable tool for future exposure studies. Ghanaian vegetable farmers are substantially exposed to insecticides. Hence, the use of appropriate personal protective equipment is recommended.

An overview of black pepper: cultivation and challenges

Black pepper, renowned for its strong taste and medicinal properties, is a widely traded spice worldwide. This article provides an overview of black pepper farming, highlighting the challenges it faces and suggesting sustainable solutions. The pungent flavor comes from its main chemical component, piperine, typically present in concentrations below 9%. Over time, the plant trade that historically originated from India has experienced significant growth, with Indonesia, Vietnam, Brazil, India, and Malaysia emerging as major global producers. However, despite the expansion of pepper plantations in Indonesia, there has been a decline in both production value and productivity growth. This can be attributed to factors such as the use of subpar seeds, limited availability of suitable land, pest and disease infestations, less intensive farming methods, farmers' limited knowledge, and pesticide residues from excessive chemical pesticide use. To overcome these challenges, farmers can collaborate through groups, adopt intensive cultivation methods, grow pest and disease-resistant varieties, incorporate refuge plants, employ biopesticides for pest control (particularly for major pests like Lophobaris piperis, Dasynus piperis, Diconocoris hewetti, and Thrips sp.), use chemical pesticides sparingly and responsibly, and ensure effective post-harvest processing.

Pepper leaf disease recognition based on enhanced lightweight convolutional neural networks.

Pepper leaf disease identification based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is one of the interesting research areas. However, most existing CNN-based pepper leaf disease detection models are suboptimal in terms of accuracy and computing performance. In particular, it is challenging to apply CNNs on embedded portable devices due to a large amount of computation and memory consumption for leaf disease recognition in large fields. Therefore, this paper introduces an enhanced lightweight model based on GoogLeNet architecture. The initial step involves compressing the Inception structure to reduce model parameters, leading to a remarkable enhancement in recognition speed. Furthermore, the network incorporates the spatial pyramid pooling structure to seamlessly integrate local and global features. Subsequently, the proposed improved model has been trained on the real dataset of 9183 images, containing 6 types of pepper diseases. The cross-validation results show that the model accuracy is 97.87%, which is 6% higher than that of GoogLeNet based on Inception-V1 and Inception-V3. The memory requirement of the model is only 10.3 MB, which is reduced by 52.31%-86.69%, comparing to GoogLeNet. We have also compared the model with the existing CNN-based models including AlexNet, ResNet-50 and MobileNet-V2. The result shows that the average inference time of the proposed model decreases by 61.49%, 41.78% and 23.81%, respectively. The results show that the proposed enhanced model can significantly improve performance in terms of accuracy and computing efficiency, which has potential to improve productivity in the pepper farming industry.

Analisis Kelayakan Finansial Usaha Tani Lada Masyarakat Perkebunan di Kabupaten Kolaka

Abstract. Pepper farming has an important and strategic role in increasing the income of the pepper plantation community in East Kolaka Regency, however, smallholder pepper plantations are still characterized by various weaknesses such as relatively narrow farming land, conventionally cultivated with low productivity and quality, and a weak position in product marketing. This study aims to examine the financial feasibility and sensitivity of pepper farming in East Kolaka District, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The designated research location is Tirawuta District as a pepper production center in the pepper plantation community in East Kolaka Regency. Sampling was carried out purposively based on the age of the plants, ie 1 to 17 years old. The data were analyzed using a quantitative descriptive analysis method using a feasibility analysis through the Benefit-Cost approach in PAM and sensitivity analysis. The results showed that financially, the pepper farming of plantation communities in East Kolaka Regency was feasible and profitable as evidenced by a B/C value of 1.10 and an NPV value of IDR 48,429,250.00.-. The results of the sensitivity analysis with the scenario if inorganic fertilizers are not subsidized by the government show a decrease in farmers' profits by 17,4 %, but smallholder pepper farming is still feasible to cultivate

The Role of Extension Workers in Pepper Farming (Piper Nigrum) in Batu Timbau Village, Batu Ampar Sub-District, East Kutai District

The development of pepper farming in Batu Timbau Village cannot be separated from the role of agricultural extension workers in encouraging and providing information to farmers. This study aimed to determine the role of extension workers in pepper farming in Batu Timbau Village, Batu Ampar Sub-District, which is seen from the aspects of motivators, educators, catalysts, organizers, and communicators. This research was carried out in 2021 in Batu Timbau Village, Batu Ampar Sub-District, East Kutai District. The sampling technique in this study used the census method with a total sample of 47 pepper farmers. The data analysis method used was descriptive statistics with a 3-item Likert scale. The results showed that the role of extension workers for pepper farmers in Batu Timbau Village was included in the role category seen from five aspects of the assessment. The role of extension workers for pepper farmers in the motivator aspect was included in the interval between 391.71 - 548.30 which is included in the role category with a value of 488. In the educational aspect, it is included in the interval of the role category with a value of 472. In addition, the aspect of organizers, communicators, and catalysts are in the interval of role categories with values of 485, 502, and 545 respectively.

ANALISIS PENDAPATAN, DAYA SAING DAN DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN USAHA TANI LADA (Piper nigrum. L) DI KABUPATEN WAYKANAN

Abstract,This study aims to analyze income, analyze competitiveness and determine the impact of policies on income and competitiveness of pepper farming in Way Kanan Regency. The research was conducted in Way Kanan District, GunungLabuhan District and Kasui District. The location was chosen purposively with the consideration that the area is a pepper production center in Way Kanan Regency. Sampling of farmers was carried out using the census method with a total of 80 pepper farmers as respondents. The analytical tool used to analyze income, competitiveness and the impact of pepper farming policies in Way Kanan Regency uses the PAM method. The results of the analysis obtained from the research conducted are the highest private/financial income from the exploitation of black pepper in Way Kanan Regency in the 10th year of IDR 32,426,467.70/ha. The largest social/economic income in the 10th year of production is IDR 126,709,367.67/ha. Pepper farming in Way Kanan Regency has a competitive advantage and a comparative advantage with PCR (Private Cost Ratio) and DRCR (Domestic Resource Cost Ratio) values of 0.9392 and 0.4713, respectively, so it is feasible and profitable to cultivate. The fertilizer subsidy policy can increase the income and competitiveness of the pepper commodity in Way Kanan Regency. Keywords: Competitiveness, Income and Pepper.

Risk Analysis Of Chili Chili Farming In The Koli Transmigration Settlement Unit, Oba Sub-District, Tidore City Islands, North Maluku Province

The agricultural pattern for residents in the Transmigration Settlement area or known as trans koli already uses modern technology that produces maximum production. Cayenne pepper production risk is a loss to farmers caused by the emergence of a production process that cannot be handled. The purpose of this study was to analyze the costs, income and income of cayenne pepper farming and to analyze production risk, cost risk and risk of cayenne pepper farming income in the Koli Transmigration Settlement Unit, Oba District, Tidore City, North Maluku Islands Province. The analytical method used in this research is descriptive quantitative analysis to analyze farming and risk analysis. The results of this study are that the average total production costs incurred by farmers in the Trans Koli area during one planting season is IDR 1,464,198 and the average total income during one harvest season is IDR 4,062,293 and the average chili farming income earned farmer. for one harvest season IDR 2,599,094. This explains that the income of the respondent farmers in producing cayenne pepper is greater than the total production costs incurred by the cost risk with a coefficient of variation of 6.40, this is due to the high transportation costs. While the results of the lowest risk level with a coefficient of variation of 1.26. This is because of the selling price relative and stable production is indicated by a lower level of production risk with a coefficient of variation of 1.60 compared to cost risk.

Strategi Mitigasi Risiko Usahatani Cabai Rawit: Sebuah Pendekatan Berlian Porter

The productivity of cayenne pepper in Jawai District is lower than the productivity of cayenne pepper in South Jawai District, even though both have the same harvested land area. The low productivity of cayenne pepper in Jawai District is due to the high level of risk. This study aims to determine the level of production risk and income risk of cayenne pepper farming in Jawai District and to formulate alternative strategies to reduce farming risk levels. Analysis of the level of risk in agriculture using Coefficient of Variation (CV) analysis and formulation of alternative strategies using SWOT analysis with Porter's Diamond component indicators. The results showed that the risk level of production and income from cayenne pepper farming was 0.61 and 0.75, respectively, or more than 0.5, indicating a high level of risk. An alternative strategy that can be applied by farmers to reduce the level of risk is the WO (Weaknesses-Opportunities) strategy, which includes intensifying cayenne pepper farming, providing counseling to farmers regarding proper farming knowledge and management, conducting counseling related to knowledge of the use of agricultural technology, and extensification by expanding farming land cayenne pepper farming.

Alteration of The Content of Piperine and Essential Oil from Black Pepper and White Pepper After a Year Storage

Pepper is a type of spice plant in Indonesia that used for cooking spices. One of the advantages of this spice is that it has a spicy taste and distinctive scent caused by piperine and essential oils contained in pepper seeds. This research was carried out from June 2018 to October 2019, using the main raw material for the Natar 1 variety of pepper. The pepper seed was processed into black pepper and white pepper, and the yield was calculated. Then observed levels of piperine and essential oils of black pepper and white pepper prior to and a year after storage. The data obtained were processed in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results showed that after 12 months of storage, there was a decrease in piperine content of 9.91% and a decrease in essential oil content of 21.77%; while white pepper decreased piperine content by 19.45% and essential oil content decreased by 56.91%. Based on the results of this study, good storage technology is needed to support the sustainability of the availability of black pepper and white pepper in particular, as well as pepper farming in general.