Time People Research Articles

Significantly Increased Public Interest in Sleep Disorder during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Google Trends Data

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on sleep disorders. Previous studies have shown that people's sleep time is delayed. Methods: Analyze the public's interest to the keyword "sleep disorder" during the COVID-19 pandemic from December 2019 to December 2022 using Google Trends. The study also focused on the search trend data of the top three countries with high to low overall search frequency for this keyword. Results: It has been observed that during the peak period of the COVID-19 pandemic, the public's search interest for "sleep disorder" has significantly increased. Analyzing Google Trends from December 2019 to December 2022, the top three countries with high interest in searching for "sleep disorder" are the United States, the Philippines, and Canada. It shows that search interest in the United States is an increasing trend year by year, and the overall trend is relatively stable. The search trend for "sleep disorder" among Filipino netizens fluctuates greatly and is generally on a downward trend. The search trend for "sleep disorder" among Canadian netizens is moderate, and the overall trend is like that of Filipinos. It is worth noting that the Google Trends for "sleep disorder" among Filipino and Canadian netizens has changed from an overall increase to an overall decrease in 2020 as the watershed. This indicates a temporal correlation between the surge in COVID-19 cases and online search for "sleep disorder". Conclusion: It shows that public interest in "sleep disorder" has significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and there may be a certain correlation between the COVID-19 pandemic and sleep disorders. These are worthy of further exploration by researchers, especially the changes in people's daily routines caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which in turn affect people's sleep quality.

Progress and Challenges: Implementation of the UK Antimicrobial Resistance National Action Plan 2019-2024 within the Beef Cattle Sub-Sector.

The five-year UK antimicrobial resistance (AMR) National Action Plan (NAP) was published in 2019 focusing on reducing the need for, and unintentional exposure to antimicrobials (AMs); optimising the use of AMs; and investing in innovation, supply and access of AMs. This study aimed to evaluate the progress made in the beef cattle sub-sector in addressing specific NAP commitments related to improving animal health and welfare and responsible antimicrobial use (AMU). A thematic analysis was conducted of 21 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders from government organisations, farms, veterinary practices, levy boards and livestock associations. The findings indicate substantial progress, with various initiatives implemented targeting data collection, farmer and veterinarian engagement, and herd health planning. However, there remain a number of challenges and barriers that need to be addressed in order to assess the impacts of these initiatives, such as the availability of AMU and AMR data. Ensuring the adequacy of resources was found to be critical for the sustainability of effective initiatives, considering competing demands on people's time. Additionally, the importance of other outcomes from these initiatives such as developing and strengthening the farmer-veterinarian relationship should not be underestimated since it is fundamental to successfully addressing issues such as AMR.

Considerations Around the Inclusion of Children and Young People's Time in Economic Evaluation: Findings from an International Delphi Study.

People's time is a finite resource and a valuable input that ought to be considered in economic evaluations taking a broad, societal perspective. Yet, evaluations of interventions focusing on children and young people (CYP) rarely account for the opportunity cost of time in this population. As a key reason for this, health economists have pointed to uncertainty around when it is appropriate to include CYP time-related costs in an economic evaluation and highlighted the lack of clear guidance on the topic. With this in mind, we carried out a Delphi study to establish a list of relevant considerations for researchers to utilise whilst making decisions about whether and when to include CYP time in their economic evaluations. Delphi panellists were asked to propose and rate a set of possible considerations and provide additional thoughts on their ratings. Ratings were summarised using descriptive statistics, and text comments were interrogated through thematic analysis. A total of 73 panellists across 16 countries completed both rounds of a two-round Delphi study. Panellists' ratings showed that, when thinking about whether to include displaced CYP time in an economic evaluation, it is very important to consider whether: (1) inclusion would be in line with specified perspective(s) (median score: 9), (2) CYP's time may already be accounted for in other parts of the evaluation (median score: 8), (3) the amount of forgone time is substantial, either in absolute or relative terms (median score: 7) and (4) inclusion of CYP's time costs would be of interest to decision-makers (median score: 7). Respondents thought that considerations such as (1) whether inclusion would be of interest to the research community (median score: 6), (2) whether CYP's time displaced by receiving treatment is 'school' or 'play' time (median score: 5), and (3) whether CYP's are old enough for their time to be considered valuable (median score: 5) are moderately important. A range of views was offered to support beliefs and ratings, many of which were underpinned by compelling normative questions.

Doing youth in time? A relational perspective on the temporal constructions of youth

Temporality is a key principle of the constitution of youth as a life phase. Historically, ,invented‘ and institutionalized as moratorium, youth has been reserved for preparation for adulthood, thus contributing to the sequential order of the modern life course. Institutional age marks in school, youth welfare or citizenship claim to explicitly demarcate beginning and ending of youth in a linear way. Not only but most lately in the context of the activating welfare state, temporal normativities and normalities of growing up seem to have lost consistency. Consequently, young people have to position themselves with regard to chrononormative markers of the ‘right age’ reflected by distinctions from, ‘too young for …’ or, ‘too old for …’. The article analyses blurring temporalities of the youth phase by relating changes of the temporal regime(s) of young people's growing up and their individual and collective time work from a doing transitions perspective. The complexity and paradox of these temporalities are illustrated by three exemplary empirical case vignettes: Coping with suspended transitions in the pandemic; Fridays for Future as intergenerational struggle for future; and youth cultural practices expressing attempts of slowing down. In these constellations tensions of temporality emerge: the tension between moratorium and acceleration, between orientation towards the future and orientation towards the present, between simultaneity and linear sequentiality. A relational approach to the temporalities of youth is developed along with concepts like relative time and asynchronicity while young people's time work is reinterpreted in terms of doing youth in time. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of relational temporality for conceptualizing young people's agency and consequences for youth research.

Research on the Advocacy for Water Conservation in the Promotion of Water Resource Protection

The question to pose is how to use an assumption to encourage water conservation in a situation where water is scarce. First, the washing time and water consumption are recorded in this article using a stopwatch and measuring cup. Second, we utilized a formula to record the duration of each person's hand washing session. We multiplied the number of seconds by the water flow rate per second to determine the total volume of water each person used. This paper then examined the change in people's hand-washing time following the poster by contrasting the change in people's hand-washing time with the control variable technique. It is possible to draw the conclusion that posters in women's restrooms use the least amount of water, followed by posters in men's restrooms and none at all in women's restrooms. These statistics demonstrate that posters have an effect on how long people spend washing their hands. As a result, after seeing the signs, people will wash their hands less frequently, fulfilling the goal of conserving water.

Experimental analysis of building envelope integrating phase change material and cool paint under a real environment in autumn

The application of phase change material (PCM) and cool paint (CP) to building envelope is one of the effective solutions to improve thermal comfort of passive buildings. Therefore, the thermal performance of buildings in Hefei, China in autumn is compared and analyzed by integrating PCM and CP into the building envelope. According to the comprehensive analysis of indoor thermal environment and the ability to maintain indoor thermal comfort, it is concluded that the combined application of PCM and CP is better than the application of PCM or CP alone. And the combination of PCM and CP laid on the south wall and roof respectively is the best. It is more suitable for commercial buildings, which can prolong indoor air temperature (Ti) in the thermal comfort zone for more than 10 h during the day. The combination of PCM and CP laid on the roof can prolong Ti in the thermal comfort zone for more than 8.05 h, which is more suitable for residential buildings. The purpose is to explore the best combination mode of residential and commercial buildings according to the characteristics of temperature change and building types (according to people's main use time) in the real environment.

Life is too short to be small: An experiment on mortality salience and prosocial behavior

We study how mortality salience influences people's time preference and prosocial behavior in a laboratory experiment. We made mortality salient through priming subjects in the treatment group with grid tasks, and studied its impact on altruistic giving in an Andreoni-Miller dictator game. We found that the priming made subjects think bigger, and become more concerned with the overall social welfare, though it did not necessarily make them care more about their opponents' well-being per se. Subjects in the treatment group became more altruistic only when the price of giving is low. We built a two-period model to explain the mechanism of the findings. Our model showed that the priming altered altruistic giving through changing the subjects' time preference and social preference parameters. Finally, we strengthened our findings by showing that the priming didn't change subjects' mood.

Linguistics incivility in student: Lecturer communication on WhatsApp

This research aims to identify (1) strategies of linguistic incivility used in student-lecturer communication, and (2) the aspects of speech acts used that represent linguistic incivility. The research analyzed data from six WhatsApp groups that include students and lecturers. The distributional method was used to analyze linguistic incivility representations and the identity method to analyze linguistic incivility strategies. The results demonstrated that the incivility strategies used include (1) respecting other people's time (34%), (2) asserting oneself (19%), (3) refraining from idle complaints (16%), (4) speaking kindly (9%), (5) listening (6%), (6) respecting even a subtle "no" (6%), (7) respecting others' opinions (6%), and (8) not shifting responsibility and blame (3%). Furthermore, students violated the rules of linguistic civility by these actions: initiating conversations without greetings, using excessive words, expressing personal complaints, conveying opinions impolitely, and shifting blame. Recognizing the importance of linguistic civility in student-lecturer communication is crucial for fostering respectful and productive interactions.

Blocked versus interleaved: How range contexts modulate time perception and its EEG signatures.

Accurate time perception is a crucial element in a wide range of cognitive tasks, including decision-making, memory, and motor control. One commonly observed phenomenon is that when given a range of time intervals to consider, people's estimates often cluster around the midpoint of those intervals. Previous studies have suggested that the range of these intervals can also influence our judgments, but the neural mechanisms behind this "range effect" are not yet understood. We used both behavioral tests and electroencephalographic (EEG) measures to understand how the range of sample time intervals affects the accuracy of people's subsequent time estimates. Study participants were exposed to two different setups: In the "blocked-range" (BR) session, short and long intervals were presented in separate blocks, whereas in the "interleaved-range" (IR) session, intervals of various lengths were presented randomly. Our findings indicated that the BR context led to more accurate time estimates compared to the IR context. In terms of EEG data, the BR context resulted in quicker buildup of contingent negative variation (CNV), which also reached higher amplitude levels and dissolved more rapidly during the encoding stage. We also observed an enhanced amplitude in the offset P2 component of the EEG signal. Overall, our results suggest that the variability in time intervals, as defined by their range, influences the neural processes that underlie time estimation.

Resource Organizer

There are a lot of problems with the current system because everything is done manually. The present system's biggest flaw is the enormous physical volume of data, which makes searching for and retrieving specific pieces of information a pain. Papers containing information are susceptible to harm. It takes a long time to find out whether documents arrived or not when you have to handle everything by hand. At the time of product application, it will be rejected if any document is missing. It is really time-consuming to reapply for the product process. All these issues with the current method led them to believe that a computerised system would be better. All of these issues will be resolved by the automated system. There is a good probability that more people's time will be wasted in this communication scenario. It is quick, adaptable, and easy to use. Analysing a system is looking closely at all the different things it does and how they relate to each other and the world around them. Analysing a system involves doing things like drawing lines around it and checking to see if a potential system has to take other systems into account. Decision points and transactions processed by the current system are the subjects of data acquired during analysis. The project's backend was built in SQL Server and frontend was built in Asp.Net. A large number of managers are in charge of each and every one of an organization's operations. Manufacturing, production, marketing, and other facets of organisational management are overseen by these managers. An important problem with management is that, as time went on, they shifted their focus to human capital. Now, every company has a hierarchical structure, and each structure has its own unique purpose and character. Given that their people are their most valuable asset, larger companies in this situation must devote significant resources to human resource management. Organisational data evolved over time away from its core functions in this way. To sum up, a resource organiser is a piece of software that helps with the management and coordination of different resources. Assets can be either concrete, like machinery and buildings, or intangible, like human capital and time.

The influence of the urban model on civic involvement and public time. A study applied to the commuting population of the Greater Metropolitan Area of San José, Costa Rica

A major problem for policymakers is to ensure that levels of citizen participation reflect the society in its diversity, but they must also ensure that those citizens who want to get involved have the means to do so. Despite empirical evidence of the role of urban planning in health, well-being, and livability, studies have not delved into the implications of how low-density sprawled urban forms influence civic involvement. This paper adds new evidence regarding the significance of urban form, built environment characteristics and more in general city planning, as intermediary factors between public and private life connected to civic engagement and public space use. Based on surveys and geographic data from the Greater Metropolitan Area of San José, in Costa Rica, the article investigates how the results of citizen participation change depending on whether residents are from a compact or dispersed study area, relating to urban rhythms and mobility metrics. Findings suggest that inhabitants of group A (lower-density neighborhoods) differ significantly from group B (compact-city areas) in four variables: means of mobility, commuting time, public space use, and civic activism, while having similar sociodemographic composition. Compared with residents of group A, group B report higher levels of use and knowledge of public spaces and civic participation. These two aspects constitute, the Urban Civic Participation Index, which, related to self-reported free time, forms what we define as Public Time. The main characteristics of the compact city (higher population and building density, high street connectivity, grid presence and proximity of services, mixed land use) were found to be positively related to the outcomes of accessibility to public space and community participation. In contrast, there are no significant differences in the availability of free time between the two groups. This study, along with others on the compact city, shows that there are other reasons to reduce daily commuting distances in cities and the need of urban time policies to redesign urban society's temporal dimension besides the known environmental impacts. It also raises the question of how low urban density affects people's time and disposition to participate in public life.

Investigation of frontier Multi-Armed Bandit algorithms and applications

Since the amount of content online is growing exponentially and people's time is limited, there is an urgent need for a high-performance algorithm that can make effective recommendations. This paper will introduce a recommendation system model, a sequential decision model, which is called Multi-Armed Bandit. The main idea of the Multi-Armed Bandit model is that at the beginning of the algorithm, all the recommended items are set to the same weight. In the subsequent recommendation process, the model explores the distribution of each item while changing the weight of each item according to the average revenue of each item, and selects more items with larger weight. This paper will introduce three cutting-edge Multi-Armed Bandit algorithms, their algorithmic ideas and their respective characteristics. The idea of Explore-Then-Commit (ETC) algorithm is to explore each item a certain number of times, and then select the best item for subsequent recommendation. The idea of the Upper Confidence Bound (UCB) algorithm is to represent the "exploration" and "exploitation" of each item by numerical values and add them to the UCB value, and select the item with the largest UCB value each time. The idea of TS is to first assume the distribution of each item, and then change the parameters of the distribution of each item based on the reward. At the end, this paper will introduce several scenarios where Multi-Armed Bandit algorithms can be used to give the reader an idea of how to use Multi-Armed Bandit algorithms.

Competitiveness of Social Media PlatformsA Case Study of Xiaohongshu

The advent of social media platforms has profoundly altered human existence. People can interact anytime and anywhere thanks to various social media platforms, which not only enhances people's free time but also opens up job chances for an increasing number of people. Social media apps occupy a significant portion of peoples time, and people often use these platforms to enrich their lives. This paper takes Xiaohongshu as an example to elaborate on its development trajectory, platform functions, and audience groups, analyze its core competitiveness, and finally compare Xiaohongshu with Weibo and TikTok in terms of user data, monthly active users (MAUs), product recommendation efficiency, and content. Through this study, it is evident that while Xiaohongshu may not be the most mainstream social media platform, its unique search model enables more accurate content delivery to users. Hence, Xiaohongshu is currently in a developmental phase with a rapidly increasing user growth rate.

“I don't have time for this”: Time perspectives and conflict management message styles

AbstractTwo web survey studies were conducted to examine the connection between people's time perspectives and the conflict management message styles they were likely to endorse. People view time in multiple ways from the past, present and/or future perspectives. These studies examine whether time perspectives are important predictors of how one approaches conflict and specifically the messages they are likely to endorse, and thus are more likely to use themselves. In the undergraduate sample, self‐oriented conflict message use was positively correlated to a past negative and a present fatalistic perspective of time. Self‐oriented conflict message use was negatively related to a past positive and future orientation time perspective. Other‐oriented message usage was positively correlated to a past negative, present hedonist, present fatalistic, and transcendental orientation toward time. Issue‐oriented message use was positively correlated with a past negative, present fatalistic, future, and transcendental orientation toward time. Utilizing an online sample, self‐oriented conflict management message use was positively correlated to a past negative, present hedonistic, present fatalistic and transcendental perspective of time. Self‐oriented conflict management message use was negatively related to a future orientation of time. Other‐orientation message use was positively related to a past negative, present hedonistic, present fatalistic and a transcendental orientation of time. Lastly, issue‐oriented message use was positively related to a past positive, present hedonistic, future, and transcendental orientation toward time. Time perspectives were significant predictors for the likelihood of utilizing various conflict management message styles when in conflict. The authors also consider practical implications of the research findings.

People's thinking plans adapt to the problem they're trying to solve

Much of our thinking focuses on deciding what to do in situations where the space of possible options is too large to evaluate exhaustively. Previous work has found that people do this by learning the general value of different behaviors, and prioritizing thinking about high-value options in new situations. Is this good-action bias always the best strategy, or can thinking about low-value options sometimes become more beneficial? Can people adapt their thinking accordingly based on the situation? And how do we know what to think about in novel events? Here, we developed a block-puzzle paradigm that enabled us to measure people's thinking plans and compare them to a computational model of rational thought. We used two distinct response methods to explore what people think about—a self-report method, in which we asked people explicitly to report what they thought about, and an implicit response time method, in which we used people's decision-making times to reveal what they thought about. Our results suggest that people can quickly estimate the apparent value of different options and use this to decide what to think about. Critically, we find that people can flexibly prioritize whether to think about high-value options (Experiments 1 and 2) or low-value options (Experiments 3, 4, and 5), depending on the problem. Through computational modeling, we show that these thinking strategies are broadly rational, enabling people to maximize the value of long-term decisions. Our results suggest that thinking plans are flexible: What we think about depends on the structure of the problems we are trying to solve.

Doing research with busy people: Enacting rapid walking methodologies with teachers in a primary school

Teachers are busy people. How do we, as researchers, address the challenges of doing research with busy people—especially if we wish to enact ethical, more radical futures? How do we adhere to the pressures of fast-paced urban life when research, especially interviews, takes away people's time? This paper presents a novel method for doing research with busy people, combining the ‘walking interview’ method with a ‘free listing technique.’ The interviews were carried out with teachers at a north Queensland primary school in a rapidly urbanising neighbourhood, and formed part of a larger project exploring the barriers and opportunities of incorporating community gardens (as important green spaces) into schools. The method itself yielded important findings and this paper is a reflective analysis of how simple factors such as the weather, noise, and interruptions shaped 20 min of a teacher's day. We extend these ideas to explore how conditioned and situational temporalities, along with more-than-human influences, affect the knowledge produced in rapid walking interviews. Keeping track of these affections can yield important data relevant to the project. The research will be invaluable for other researchers struggling with ethical and other issues shaping access to stakeholders in a diverse range of urban environments.

Three explanations for the development of adolescents’ entrepreneurial potential

This study examines the development of adolescents’ entrepreneurial potential. Our findings confirm the findings of previous research that family background has an impact on the development of entrepreneurial potential. At the same time, our findings indicate that the entrepreneurial potential of young people also develops in hobbies. This opens interesting new directions, especially for entrepreneurship education research. The target group of this quantitative study is Finnish ninth graders aged 15–16 (N = 10,979). We have used linear regression analysis to examine the three factors behind the development of adolescents’ individual entrepreneurial potential: school, leisure time activities, and entrepreneurial family environment. The young people's time is divided between these factors. Hence, this setting is interesting from the point of view of developing entrepreneurial potential. While school, family background and leisure time activities separately seem to play a role in the development of entrepreneurial potential, their relative importance has not been studied. In this article, we bring these three factors together in the same model to test their explanatory value for entrepreneurial potential.

Impacts of ICT penetration shaping nonworking time use on indirect carbon emissions: Evidence from Chinese households

People's time use is crucial for carbon emissions related to lifestyles. Increasing the adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) in everyday life changes time-use patterns and, thus, affects emissions. This study proposes a two-way fixed effects model following the stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology (STIRPAT) framework to explore the impacts of ICT penetration and household average weekly nonworking time on household indirect emissions. Based on 2010–2018 panel data from the Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS), the results show that a 1% increase in household average weekly nonworking time can lead to a 0.169% decrease in emissions by substituting consumption with time. In contrast, a 1% increase in the proportion of family members using a mobile phone or the proportion of family members surfing the internet can increase emissions by 0.107% or 0.127% by increasing electricity and communication consumption. ICT penetration moderates the relationship between nonworking time and emissions, which suggests that ICT amplifies the impact of nonworking time by reducing the consumption of activities and shaping the time-use pattern to be less carbon intensive.

Analysis of the Relationship Between Learning and Entertainment from the Perspective of Behavioral Economics

Under the background of high and new technology increasingly becoming advanced productive forces, the world has put forward urgent requirements for high-quality talents. However, with the development of information technology, the increasingly abundant recreational activities seem to become an obstacle to students' learning, which greatly increases the difficulty of cultivating talents. In view of this phenomenon, this paper analyzes the relationship between learning and entertainment from the perspective of "entertainment first" social psychology and ARCS learning motivation model. It points out that entertainment occupies the learning time mainly because the different time span leads to the reversal of people's time preference. In the future, the government should speed up the popularization of mental health knowledge and strengthen the supervision of digital platforms; the society needs to establish more effective learning and evaluation mechanisms, promote individuals abilities to collect and process information using information technology, establish a more comprehensive learning reward system and attach importance to cultivating students self-discipline. These practical and effective measures will help promote balance between entertainment and learning and adapt to the trend of talent development in society.

The Impacts of Short Videos on Marketing Strategies in the Tourism Industry: Take Xinjiang as an Example

With the development of technology, the short video industry has gradually emerged, the traditional media industry can no longer meet the needs of various industries, the more intuitive content in short videos can better attract people's attention; at the same time, the short video viewing does not take up too much of people's time, people can more directly understand the meaning of its expression. This is why more and more people in the industry are choosing to take advantage of the rise of the short video industry to market and promote themselves. Tourism is one of these industries. Tourist attractions take advantage of short videos in order to promote the characteristics of the scenic spots in a more graphic way and to achieve a precise marketing strategy. In this paper, this paper uses Xinjiang as an example, and through literature analysis, mainly studying the changes in the marketing strategy of the tourism industry due to the rise of short videos and the impact it has on the tourism industry. This leads to three innovative strategies suitable for the marketing and promotion of tourism in Xinjiang: improving the authenticity of the video content, enriching the marketing means and expanding the publicity channels and improving the tourism industry chain, which provide implications for the marketing of tourism in Xinjiang.