People's Salt Research Articles

Developing and Testing an Instrument to Measure the Factors Affecting the Salt Restriction Behaviors among Women

Background: High salt intake is considered as one of the most important causes of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Measuring and identifying factors contributing to people's salt intake behaviors is important to evaluate effectiveness of interventions focusing on salt reduction behaviors. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a new theory of planned behavior (TPB)- based instrument to measure factors influencing three different salt intake behaviors (adding salt during cooking, at the table, purchasing salty food) among women. Study design: A mixed-method study. Methods: After the face and content validity of developed instrument were established, a representative sample of women (N= 300, age (SD):42.82(12.10)) were recruited to assess the construct validity using Partial Least Square confirmatory factor analysis. Coefficient alpha and composite reliability (CR) were used to establish reliability of instrument. The content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) were used to assess the content validity. Results: Assessing validity and reliability of instrument led to 56-item questionnaire. CVI was more than 0.70 and CVR more than 0.56. Internal consistency as assessed by Cronbach's alpha was acceptable. Convergent and discriminant validity were established. The GOF index for behavior one was 0.250, for behavior two was 0.414 and behavior three was 0.374. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicate that TPB model has an acceptable fit with data. Conclusion: Our instrument provides a validated and reliable tool for assessing different aspects of salt intake behaviors in women to evaluate effectiveness of interventions focusing on salt reduction behaviors.

The Efectiveness of People’s Salt Business Empowerment Program (Pugar) in Demak

<p>One of Indonesia's coastal areas that have successfully utilize its natural potential is Demak Regency, Central Java. In 2018, Demak Regency Salt production had reached 172,446 tons. The production was driven by government policies in the form of assistance and empowerment of the people's salt business for salt farmers in each village in Demak. This study aims to determine whether the people's salt business empowerment program (PUGAR) has been running effectively or not in Demak Regency, Central Java. The data used in this study were obtained based on survey results and interviews with salt farmers in eleven villages in Demak Regency, Central Java. The research design used accidental sampling to select 32 respondents in Demak. The analytical method used is a qualitative descriptive analysis using several indicators, namely the formation of a community salt business group (KUGAR), channeling assistance from PUGAR to salt farmers, mentoring and training, and also enhancing technology to increase the productivity of salt farmers. The results showed that of eleven villages in Demak District, eight villages had implemented PUGAR programs. However, overall this program has not had a significant impact on the welfare of salt farmers in Demak Regency, Central Java.</p>

Beyond Salt Industries and Environment in Sumenep: Effective Partnership for People Welfare

This study aims at describing how a pattern relationship with the People's Business Group Garam Garam Cooperative in Sumenep and Knowing pole effective partnership for the salt business folk groups and cooperatives in order to improve welfare salt business group, This study was conducted in Sumenep, the data collected and obtained from interviews with cooperatives in Sumenep, and the Department of Marine and Fisheries and the salt farmers population consisted of 60 respondents. Data analyzed using Qualitative Descriptive Analysis. The results showed that the partnership between the People's Salt Business Group (KUGAR) and Cooperative salt is not effective, so it is necessary to apply a partnership intermediary consisting of three parties partnership that large traders, cooperatives and farmers salt.

LEGAL PROTECTION TO PEOPLE'S SALT FARMER'S RELATED TO THE APPLICATION OF GOVERNMENT REGULATION NUMBER 9 YEAR 2018 CONCERNING PROCEDURES FOR IMPORT CONTROL FOR FISHERIES COMMODITY AND SALTERN AS RAW MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL HELPING MATERIALS

The length of the Indonesian coastline is based on calculations from the Work Team Standardization of the Island Name reaching 99,000 (ninety nine thousand) Kilometers which indicates that there is potential for salt production in Indonesia. But not all coastlines in Indonesia can be used as salt production centers because of several factors that influence them. However, the salt production sector in Indonesia has become a means of living for businesses in the salt sector, especially the Salt Farmers, so that the salt produced is called people's salt. At present, the people's salt production has not been able to meet industrial needs because the salt specifications and quantity cannot meet the industry's needs so the solution is to import industrial salt. The enactment of Government Regulation Number 9 of 2018 concerning Procedures for Import Control for Fisheries Commodities and Concentration as Raw Materials and Industrial Assistance provides an entry way for imported salt for industrial needs. But on the other hand, people's salt production is currently in the stage of increasing quality and quantity due to weather factors that support and the application of technology that is empowered to support industrial needs are being implemented. In this case a problem arises when people's salt is unable to compete with the presence of imported salt because the industrial needs have been met by the presence of imported salt, so that with this problem the community salt farmers need legal protection in the process of marketing their salt in Indonesia.Keywords: People’s Salt; Salt Import; Protection.

PENANGGULANGAN GAKY MELALUI PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PRODUKSI DAN DISTRIBUSI GARAM BERYODIUM

Nationally, there are approximately 14% of people who do not consume iodized salt which has the effect on health and human intelligence so as to have an important impact on the quality of human resources of a country and impede the rate of HDI (Human Development Index). IDD effective countermeasures can be taken through the coverage of iodized salt consumption by increasing the production and distribution of iodized salt. Methods to achieve accelerated coverage of iodized salt consumption in the community is doing salt iodized in the center of people's salt, iodized salt quality monitoring in small, medium and large industries. In addition, the equitable distribution of iodized salt into the country through isolates areas.

Salt intake belief, knowledge, and behavior: a cross-sectional study of older rural Chinese adults.

Excess sodium consumption is a major cause of high blood pressure and subsequent vascular disease. However, the factors driving people's salt intake behavior remains largely unknown. This study aims to assess the relationship of salt intake behaviors with knowledge and belief on salt and health among older adults in rural China.A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 4693 older participants (men ≥50 and women ≥60 years old) randomly selected from 120 rural villages in 5 northern provinces in China. Healthy salt intake behavior was defined as either not eating pickled foods or not adding pickles/soy sauce/salt when food was not salty enough in prior 3 months.There were 81% participants having healthy salt intake behavior. Healthy salt intake behavior was more common among women (P < 0.01) and was positively associated with age (P < 0.01) and poorer health status (P < 0.01), but negatively associated with years in school (P < 0.05). After adjusting for age, sex, years in school, and health status, participants who believed in the harm of high salt intake were more likely to have healthy salt intake behavior, compared with those who did not believe (Odds Ratio = 1.6, P < 0.001). Knowledge of salt intake was not significantly related to healthy salt intake behavior.Our study demonstrated that belief in the harm of high salt intake rather than knowledge about salt and health was associated with healthy salt intake behavior, independent of age, sex, years in school, and health status. Future population salt reduction programs should place more emphasis on establishing health beliefs rather than only delivering salt-related knowledge.Clinical trial registration number of the study is NCT01259700.

IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM DANA BANTUAN PEMBERDAYAAN USAHA GARAM RAKYAT (PUGAR) DALAM RANGKA PENGEMBANGAN WIRAUSAHA GARAM RAKYAT (Studi Pada Dinas Kelautan Dan Perikanan Kabupaten Sumenep)

This qualitative research method to describe and analyze a policy which aims to empower the people in the salt business Sumenep portrayed through the study of Program Implementation Assistance Fund for Empowerment of People's Salt (PUGAR) with an emphasis on policy implementation model consisting Grindle of contents (contents of policy) and (contexts of policy) policy implementation. Empowerment of People's Salt (PUGAR) sourced from the state budget is a development program that focused on improving the welfare of the farmers of salt, as well as increased production and product quality salt. The research findings indicate that Content Policy (Of Content Policy) covers Salt Empowerment of People (PUGAR) has been established through the minister of marine and fisheries regulation number 41 of 2011 on guidelines for the implementation of the National Program for Community Empowerment and Fisheries. implementation of the policy (the Context of Policy) includes a companion team PUGAR Department of Marine and Fisheries Sumenep identifying the existence and location of the land to the group PUGAR group that has submitted a proposal for assistance and workshops as well as socialization PUGAR annually. The conclusion of the study include the provision of information about program implementation PUGAR up the thawing process is less clear PUGAR assistance received by a group of farmers salt (KUGAR). Salt farmer business groups of people (KUGAR) Recipient PUGAR each year hoping PUGAR funds disbursed prior to the production of salt, this PUGAR funds transferred to a bank account belonging to a business group of salt farmers (KUGAR) and use this PUGAR funds must be adapted to the Joint Venture Plan (RUB ) contained in the Accountability Report (LPJ) proposals submitted for the salt farmers PUGAR each group of people (KUGAR). Keywords: Empowerment of People's Salt (PUGAR), Entrepreneurial Salt

Salt content labelling of foods in supermarkets in Finland

The aim of the study was to assess the extent to which lightly salted food products are included in the assortments of Finnish supermarkets and prominently placed on shelves. The study was carried out in eastern Finland in four supermarkets of different food chains. Six food groups of importance for people's salt intake were considered. The food labels of 689 packaged food products were checked for salt and sodium information on the basis of Finnish regulations on salt. Products with reduced salt contents were found in most food groups but not among whole-meat or ready-to-eat foods. Half of the products with reduced amounts of salt were labelled "lightly salted". All four supermarkets had a similar assortment of lightly salted products. From the public health point of view, the food industry should increase the supply of lightly salted products, and make a special effort to develop lightly salted ready-to-eat foods.