People's Salt Research Articles

Empowerment of People's Salt Businesses in Self-Sufficiency Efforts Salt in Pangarengan Sampang Regency Madura

The national program called People's Salt Business Empowerment (PUGaR) is a form of the government's commitment. PUGaR itself is interpreted as a national program which aims to improve the welfare of people's salt farmers and encourage the realization of National Salt Self-Sufficiency. This research uses qualitative research, primary data is collected using interviews, and is supported by document data that is considered relevant. Qualitative data analysis uses an interactive model consisting of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The implementation of the PUGaR policy has 3 stages, namely 1) policy planning has gone well, 2) Implementation has gone well, but there are still problems. The facilitator generalizes the technical problems of making salt. 3) The evaluation went well. The PUGaR policy makes salt farmers more empowered in accordance with the program. Self- Sufficiency Ability characterized by; Increased Income for Salt Farmers, Improved Salt Quality, Focus on Salt Making and Increased Salt Productivity. Constraints on self-sufficiency, namely the human resource capacity of salt farmers is inadequate, infrastructure and transportation facilities to the salt factory are inadequate and the weather does not support decreased salt production.

Local salt purification in Aceh Timur regency using alkaline (KOH and NaOH) activated bentonite

Various purification methods have been developed to improve local salt quality, with the NaCl content above 94%. Bentonite is one of the materials used as binder impurities in purification. The purpose of the study was to synthesize a modified bentonite using an alkaline solution, which includes sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) with various concentrations (1 M, 1.5 M, 2 M, and 2.5 M) and determined levels of Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ metals using AAS. The bentonite and activating agent 1 M (1:10) were stirred for three hours. Then, the bentonite was dried for two hours in an oven at 110?C. The activated bentonite was dried for four hours at 170?C. The activated bentonite was characterized using XRD, FTIR, and SEM. The basal spacing d001 on the diffractogram bentonite was significantly unaffected by alkaline activation. FTIR analysis represents the stretching vibration of -OH shifts towards a lower wavenumber. Alkaline activation reduced impurities from bentonite and increased the pore surface''s porosity. NaCl levels in people's salt increased after being activated using alkaline. The increase in Na+ levels was followed by a decrease in Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents. KOH-activated bentonite had a higher NaCl level than NaOH-activated bentonite.

Sustainability status of People's Salt Pond Businesses in the coastal area of Labakkang District Pangkep Regency

Sustainability status of People's Salt Pond Businesses in the coastal area of Labakkang District Pangkep Regency

Agricultural Activities and the Madura Salt Industry in the Late 19th Century to the 1930s

The colonial government's strong reason for continuing to pay special attention and evaluation to Madura was due to economic factors, namely the potential for large people's salt production and the potential for people's agriculture. The agrarian life for the Madurese has become a general trend, as is widely adopted in the economic system of the Indonesian people. This is evidenced by the fact that since the 17th century, Madura as a conquered area of the Mataram king Sultan Agung had the obligation to submit taxes every year in the form of one real, 10 pikul of rice and several pikul of fruit. This was corroborated by De Jonge who stated that until the next century the Madurese who still made a living as farmers included the majority of the population, namely around 70% - 80% of the total population, while the rest made a living as fishermen, even though this work actually required requirements. capital intensive. There is also the habit of the population to migrate out of the region, especially to plantation areas in Java as a workforce whose existence is clearly needed by plantation companies.

ANALISIS SOSIAL EKONOMI PEMBANGUNAN MASYARAKAT INDRAMAYU

Indramayu is a very fertile area due to the presence and passage of the Cimanuk river which has an impact on soil fertility which is very serviceable and suitable for development and growth in agriculture. With a historical approach method with literature study and interview methods can construct how the socio-economic development of the Indramayu community in its journey from time to time. The problem of hard work no longer needs to be questioned to see the phenomenon of Socio-Economic Development in Indramayu Regency which focuses on the dynamics that occur in the firecracker industry, people's salt, women's labor and agriculture. They try to deal with various obstacles, challenges, opportunities and changes that occur from their perspective, even though they often intersect with rules or other parties and even the existing culture.

Improving the Quality of People's Salt Using the Blue Economy Concept in East Java Province, Indonesia

Assessment of the quality of people's salt in East Java Province is only seen based on color and shape, even though the NaCl level determines whether or not the quality of the salt is good. Implementing the production process is often counterproductive, with reusing "bittern" for production affecting quality. Still, some also throw away "bittern" which can cause ecosystem pollution, contrary to the blue economy concept. This study aims to determine the quality control of people's salt, the implementation of blue economy principles in the salt sector, and solutions to improve the quality of people's salt in East Java Province by considering the blue economy principles. The research approach uses mixed methods with quantitative descriptive and qualitative descriptive. Data is collected through interviews, observation, documentation, and audio and visual materials. Quantitative descriptive data analysis techniques used statistical process control and capability analysis, while qualitative descriptive data analysis used the Interactive Model, including data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results of this study indicate that it must improve people's salt quality control in East Java Province because the average is still in the K3 quality category. NaCl levels < 85% and 85%-89.99% and Mg levels 0.080%-0.099% are a top priority for quality control. Analysis of process capability shows that production is inadequate, and the people's salt in East Java Province has not been able to meet the quality standards for iodized consumption salt and industrial salt for various foods due to personnel, measurements, methods, materials, and environmental factors. Solutions to improve the quality of people's salt by referring to the blue economy principle through increasing the competence of farmers, preparing production SOPs, applying semi-modern production technologies, improving techniques for transferring water and raw materials, washing and recrystallization, providing assistance with production facilities, technical guidance, and having a policy for determining salt as a basic need and salt commodity reference price.

COMPARISON OF SALINITY AND SEAWATER TEMPERATURE PREDICTIONS USING VAR AND BIRESPONSE FOURIER SERIES ESTIMATOR

Salinity is the concentration of dissolved salts in water. The salt in question is a variety of ions dissolved in water, including table salt (NaCl). Salinity and seawater temperature are one of the factors that affect salt production. The higher the NaCl content, the better the quality of the salt. Currently, people's salt production is still unable to meet the needs of national salt, especially industrial salt, because most of the quality of people's salt still does not meet the SNI criteria for industrial salt. Thus, it is necessary to predict the salinity and temperature of seawater to help determine the next steps or policies in improving the quality of people's salt. Predictions of salinity and seawater temperature were carried out by applying the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Analysis method and nonparametric Fourier series regression with primary data of salinity and seawater temperature on the coast of Tlesah Tlanakan Beach, Pamekasan. The best model chosen is the model that has the smallest error size and the highest accuracy measure. The best models are nonparametric regression of the Fourier series of sine and cosine bases with the predicted result obtaining a MAPE value is 0.00496 and coefficient of determination is 100%.

Business model canvas for local salt business in Bangkala District, Jeneponto Regency (Case study of Bangkala Ramah local salt business group)

This study aimed to identify the potential of local salt in the Bangkala Ramah salt business group and to analyze the Business Model Canvas of the local salt business in the Bangkala Ramah salt business group, Bangkala District, Jeneponto Regency. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. This research was carried out in Minasatene Subdistrict, Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi Province, from March - June 2022. The results of this study are the potential for people's salt business in the Bangkala Ramah salt business group is Rp. 698,000,000/year, with a total production of 13,960 Kg/year, produced on an area of 9,095 M² with an entire production plot of 107 plots. The results of the Business Model Canvas analysis on the Bangkala Ramah salt business group need improvements to the BMC elements: (1) Customer Segments: added dried fish processors, restaurants, supermarkets, minimarkets, stalls, and traditional markets. (2) Value Propositions: making smaller packaging of coarse salt with its brand and refined iodized salt with its brand. (3) Channels: adding emails as email transactions and data storage. (4) Customer Relationship: forming a salt producer community group. (5) Revenue Streams: income streams from business diversification and invoice generation for marketing administration needs. (6) Key Resources: capital/financial, production machinery and storage warehouse. (7) Key Activities: use production technology and build partner alliances. (8) Key Partnership: Government agencies managing PUGAR and KUGAR throughout Jeneponto Regency. (9) Cost Structure: Transportation rental costs and product storage warehouse rentals.

Analysis of Factors Affecting the Competitiveness of Salt in Tuban District

One of the important commodities for the Indonesian people produced from the marine sector is salt. The variety of salting problems has more or less affected the competitiveness of people's salt in each region in Indonesia. This condition clearly affects the welfare of salt farmers, because the selling price of salt received by farmers tends to be low. Tuban Regency is a coastal area that contributes to the achievement of salt production targets in East Java. Geographically, Tuban Regency is in the middle of salt processing areas, namely Surabaya-Gresik and Pati-Rembang, where these areas are also salt producing areas as well. Seeing this phenomenon, this study was conducted to analyze what factors affect the competitiveness of local salt in Tuban Regency. This study used primary data with a total of 90 respondents conducted randomly or random sampling. The analysis tool used is factor analysis. The research location was carried out in the salt production center area in Tuban regency, namely in Palang district and Tambakboyo district. From the results of the analysis, the results were obtained that there were five (5) factors that affect the competitiveness of local salt in Tuban Regency from the most influential to the factors that had the least influence, namely (1) Government Assistance, (2) Supporters, (3) Production Time and Government Regulations, (4) Social, and (5) Production and Post-Production.

KEBIJAKAN IMPOR DAN PERSAINGAN USAHA KOMODITAS GARAM MASA AWAL PRESIDEN JOKOWI-JK TAHUN 2015-2016

This study aims to describe the political dynamics in the formulation of salt import policies in Indonesia during the early administrationin Jokowi-JK 2015-2016 which were characterized by the practice of unfair business competition in the form of rent-seeking and monopoly. The primary questions that will guide the researcher are (1) what is the portrait of salt import policy during the early Jokowi-JK administration? and (2) how the relationship between private actors and bureaucratic ones in the domain of salt import policy through the Regulation of Indonesian Trade Ministry No. 125/2015?As qualitative research with a descriptive approach, this research utilizes in-depth interviews, observation, document tracking, and document analysis techniques in which a number of bureaucrats, entrepreneurs, and salt farmers were used as informants to mine the data.The results of this study show that Nawacita's priority agenda in the form of an economic policy package became the main foundation for the formulation of import policy (the Regulation of Indonesian Trade MinistryNo. 125/2015) which requires the government to abolish recommendations for import permits from the Ministry of Industry, import quotas, time of imports, and absorption of people's salt. As a result, political turmoil arose among salt farmers who considered the government reluctant to protect the salt of the people but instead prioritized the interests of entrepreneurs. Through such a policy, the state facilitated PT. Garam carries out a monopoly on the import of consumption salt to bring about the practice of unfair business competition between salt importers.This kind of political dynamics increasingly emphasizes that the formulation of public policies that do not go through a "fair" mechanism often enables the emergence of unfair business practices, monopoly, and rent-seeking.

Continuous Quality Improvement of People's Salt Production to Achieve SNI Salt Through the Process of Recrystallization of Salt Quality III

Salt is a strategic commodity as a consumption requirement that contains several substances, including the content of NaCl. Salt is produced with three types of qualities which include salt quality one, salt quality two, and salt quality three. Salt quality three is salt that has the lowest quality such as the color of salt that is dull and not consumed. These three quality salts are usually used for agriculture and agriculture. Improvement of salt quality is done by doing the process of recrystallization which then the results of the recrystallization process are measured by looking at changes in NaCl content and salt color. This research was conducted in West Pademawu, Pademawu District, Pamekasan Regency as a place to recrystallize salt and Village Unit Cooperatives "Karya Sakti" Montok Larangan District Pamekasan Regency as a place to conduct laboratory tests on the content of NaCl. The analysis used to determine the improvement in salt quality is the content of NaCl and the color of salt. The research design used is a complete random design (RAL) factorial. The use of the factorial RAL method has three factors, namely, the first factor is the composition of the solution with two levels, namely 15% and 20%. The second factor is the temperature with two levels is 110oC and 120oC. The third factor is the length of boiling with two levels, namely one hour and two hours. Data is analyzed by conducting Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) tests and further tests.. The results of the analysis showed that no significant influence was influenced by the interaction factors between the composition of the solution, temperature, and length of boiling of NaCl and salt color. But from the results of the process of recrystallization of NaCl salt content and salt color experienced an increase that originally had NaCl content of 94,59% to 98%. Similarly, the color of salt has increased which was originally at the 4th level then increased to level 2. With the process of recrystallization of salt, salt that was original of three qualities increased to two qualities.

EMPOWERMENT OF SALT FARMERS THROUGH THE PEOPLE'S SALT BUSINESS EMPOWERMENT PROGRAM (PUGAR) IN LEMBUNG VILLAGE, GALIS DISTRICT, PAMEKASAN REGENCY

The problem with salt farmers in Lembung Village is the income level of salt farmers and the lack of support from the government concerned in developing the empowerment of the salt industry. In addition, salt farmers have many difficulties such as capital, weather, fluctuating salt prices, income that does not meet their needs, and lack of support such as training to develop the salt industry. Even though the potential for salt in Pamekasan and especially in Lembung Village, Galis District is very large, it should be developed even better so that it can increase the income of salt farmers. The purpose of this study was to determine the Empowerment of Salt Farmers through the People's Salt Business Empowerment Program (PUGAR) in Lembung Village, Galis District. The theory used in this study uses the theory of Kieffer in Edi Suharto (2014) namely Enabling, Strengthening, Protecting, Supporting, and Maintaining. The reason for using this theory is because the implementation of the process and the achievement of empowerment goals are achieved through the application of empowerment from this theory. The type of research used in this research is qualitative research. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews, and documents. The government should, through the Fisheries Service, really empower the Salt Farmers of Lembung Village, considering its huge potential. In addition, the government through the Department of Fisheries pays serious attention to farmers in fostering and assisting farmers in the process of their business continuity.

The Linkage of Salt Farmer’s Financial Literacy with Salt’s Productivity, Capital, Price and Market Access

This research is to analyze the linkage of financial literacy of salt farmers to people's salt production with land, volume, capital sources, market access. Financial literacy is the ability of farmers in understanding various types of financial products/services from the financial industry and able to use. The production of people's salt business (Kugar) has an important contribution to indonesia's national salt production. The quality of people's salt has not been able to meet domestic demand, especially industrial salt. That's what drives salt imports. Research object 7(seven)locations in Cirebon-West Java. Kapetakan, Suranenggala, Gunungjati, Mundu, Losari, Pangenan and Gebang. This region was chosen because it represents the highest salt products in West Java. Descriptive methods, expalanatory, pusposive sampling techniques. Interview and using secondary data from the Marine and Fisheries Service, Central Bureau of Statistics, people's salt business group (kugar), Ministry of Industry and Trade. The results of the study; Financial literacy is still very low. Productivity is also low. 2019 highest disposable salt production 136,695ton, down 2020 only 2,670.78ton. Production costs borrowed by financiers (collectors) from Rp500,000 to Rp1,000,000 with a revenue sharing system. The selling price of salt from farmers to financiers is below the market price between Rp250/kg, Rp300/kg is the highest Rp500/kg. Price of salt from financier to industry Rp1,200/kg, Rp1,500/kg to Rp2,000/kg. Price, market access and capital, salt farmers depend on financiers. Weak financial literacy understanding. The profit of salt is enough for the cost of living. Limited asset deposits in gold, cows, motorcycles. 74 percent of workers. It doesn't have a financial services product. Only know the cooperative and the loan from the collector.

SWOT and Strategy for The Development of Salt Industry in Sumbawa Regency

This study aims to find out how the strategy is in an effort to improve and develop people's salt management in Sumbawa Regency. The problem faced is the problem of competitiveness and product added value which is still low, so that it leads to the level of the economic welfare of the economic actors in the salt sector. To overcome these problems, a Salt Development Strategy is needed in order to have competitiveness. SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) is used in research to develop strategies by considering strengths and weaknesses (internal environment) as well as opportunities and threats (external environment) faced by the Regional Government of Sumbawa Regency in order to develop its salt potential. The method of data collection was carried out by the method of Focused Group Discussion, Participatory Resource Mapping, observation, interviews, and literature study. The research subjects are stakeholders in Sumbawa Regency, namely the Sumbawa Regency Government, Academics, Entrepreneurs/Industry, and Salt Farmers Community. This research is a type of qualitative descriptive research. The resulted of this research were the strategies to develop the salt industry. Those strategies were: 1). Increasing the salt business system financing program, 2). Facilitating group or institutional development through collaboration with related parties, 3). Education about salt innovation and technology, 4). Increased cooperation with the government, especially the Cooperatives, Trade, and UMKM Service and the Fisheries and Marine Service, 5). Strengthening institutional management through various human resources education and training, 6). Strengthening capital capabilities and business partnerships, 7). Improvement of supporting facilities and infrastructure, 8). Development of salt business through the introduction of side businesses supporting the salt industry and 9). Establishment of a salt business association in the context of sharing information and experiences related to the world of salt.

Sustainable Entrepreneurship Strategies for Salt Entrepreneurs in New Normal Business Concept

Salt is one of the basic needs of Indonesian society. The salt production areas in Indonesia reach 37.4 thousand hectares, but the potential areas are merely around 53.2%. People's salt production has only been able to meet the need for households' daily consumption, while the industrial need is met from imports. The people's salt production needs to be increased to maintain the sustainability of salt farmers' business. Salt farmers require training about the strategies to improve the quality of salt production, manage finished products, and run the salt business independently. Studies on the analysis of the sustainability of people's salt business, particularly in terms of entrepreneurship aspect, are limited. Therefore, this present study analyzes the sustainability of people's salt business entrepreneurship with three triple bottom line criteria: people, planet, and profit. This study aims to formulate the framework of business strategies suitable for the condition of the salt business. The framework is constructed from the factors synthesized from the literature on previous studies. The results of this study are expected to be implemented by the government and business actors in making a decision and setting policies to determine the strategies for maintaining SMEs' salt business sustainability. This study applied the Analytical Network Process (ANP) method to determine the rating of the factors contributing to the continuity of the SMEs' salt business. The factors underlying sustainable entrepreneurship were identified from the literature studies based on the triple bottom line concept adapted to the conditions in Madura. The criteria of people include collaborative development, risk seizing, and innovative thinking, while the requirements of the planet cover eco-friendly packaging and waste controlling. Profit was seen from the aspects of government policy and unsettled finance. Then, the TOPSIS analysis was applied to analyze strategies based on the highest performance score. The results of data analysis show that government policy has the highest score as an alternative, and implementation of an e-supply chain is the strategy with the highest-ranking performance score.

Inovasi Geomembran dan Peran Stakeholders pada Usaha Tambak Garam Rakyat

The research objective to analyze the growth of the people's salt farming business using the geomembrane method compared to the traditional method to describe the impact of innovation on business sustainability and to explore the sustainability of the people's salt farming business from the perspective of internal stakeholders based on stakeholder theory. The research used a case study approach configurative ideographic studies as a research method. This study concludes that people's salt farming business know the geomembrane of the PUGAR program. The growth rate of using geomembranes is more profitable than using traditional methods, but only a part of farmers' land uses geomembranes because of the inability of capital and the break even point which becomes high due to unstable selling prices. People's salt farming entrepreneurs still have difficulty accessing credit from the government so that some still depend on accounts payable with traders/middlemen for capital. The salt from people's salt farming business is not purchased by PT. Garam because the quality is still not up standard. The CSR received by the community from PT Garam is in the form of social activities, not in the form of activities that support people's salt farming business. For informants of this study, the level of sustainability of people's salt farming business is still high, because salt farming is currently more productive than other farms.

Pelatihan produksi bersih dan manajemen usaha kepada kelompok usaha garam rakyat di Gampong Kuala Idi Cut Kabupaten Aceh Timur (Clean production training and business management for the people's salt business group in Kuala Idi Cut Village, East Aceh District)

The purpose of this service activity was to provide a training in the clean production and business management to the people's salt business group in Kuala Idi Cut Village, Darul Aman Sub-District, East Aceh District. The procedure for implementing activities consists of the coordination of activities, socialization, a training, and mentoring. The community group that is a partner of this activity is the Putik Meulu Group. The group is one of the people's salt business groups, with group members consisting of inong balee (widows) whose economic life is completely deprived. This group has been running its business since 2000 and can produce around 200 kilograms of salt every day from five kitchens with assets of around Rp 23,500,000,-. The results of service activities, with a training in clean salt production and various kinds of business management, were able to change the mindset of partners related to the salt production process such as 1) the salt kitchen was made permanent, 2) it was given a fence around to avoid animals entering the salt kitchen, and 3) from the production aspect, the average salt production increased to 90 kg/day. In addition, the salt production was also white and free from impurities. In conclusion, with the training in salt clean production and various kinds of business management, it has succeeded in opening the mindset of partner salt farmers to use advanced technology to increase their salt productivity.

The effectiveness of 7% table salt concentration test to increase collagen in the healing process of wound

ObjectiveTable salt (sodium chloride) is an ionic compound consisting of positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions) to form neutral compounds that can provide a healing effect on wounds. This study's purpose of seeing and test the impact of soaking 7% sodium chloride concentration on people's salt toward the wound healing process. MethodThis study was an experimental laboratory using the One-Way ANOVA test and the Mann Whitney test conducted in the animal enclosure of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. The study was conducted from July to August 2019. Samples of 20 mice (Mus Musculus) female swiss webster strains were sliced on the abdominal skin then divided into two groups: the treatment group (n=15) and the control group (n=5). The wound area was observed from the first day to the seventh day to see the wound closure process. ResultsThe research shows that soaking 7% of table salt concentration can significantly accelerate the wound healing process compared to the control group, with a decrease in wound diameter on the 3rd day and completely heal on the 7th day. Conclusion7% concentration of table Salt Soaking can increase the effectiveness of wound healing.

Poverty Alleviation through Community Salt (PUGaR) Business Development

The phenomenon of poverty has been going on for a long time in Pidie Jaya Regency, so that the Regional Government has also made various breakthroughs to reduce the poverty rate. The conclusion of the study shows that one of the ways to reduce poverty in Gampong Lancang Paru, Bandar Baru District, Pidie Jaya Regency is done through the Community Salt Business Development (PUGaR). This is done by taking into account the quantity of productivity, quality and continuity of production. During the PUGaR program, the results increased tens of times so that it had the capacity to escape poverty. Then the people's salt business development model is carried out with the old model and the new model. The old model is synonymous with the traditional way, where people carry out salt-making activities by relying on natural resources and existing human resources so that it is still very dependent on the weather or climate and in the old model the production process takes 2 to 4 days for one production so it is inefficient in terms of time and has an impact on the least amount of production so that implications for the total income of only around Rp. 700,000 per month per person. Meanwhile, the new model has the support provided by the government both through regulation and capital so that it can increase income to 3.5 to 4,000,000 per month per person.

Supervision Strategies for Improving Community Welfare Program in East Indonesia Area

Various programs to improve community welfare established by the government exist as an effort to solve the problem of poverty, the implementation of which must be accompanied by effective supervision so that the objectives of the program can be achieved. This article aims to explain the monitoring strategy for the implementation of programs to improve community welfare, by selecting the people's salt business program in the Eastern Indonesia region as a case study. The qualitative research method was carried out through interviews and observations, which were then strengthened by secondary data on the strategy of monitoring the people's salt business program. The findings in the field show that the implementation of supervision of the people's salt business program can run optimally, if the stakeholders involved in the supervisory task continue to coordinate well, carry out supervision according to a predetermined time, form a Coordination and Coordination Team in accordance with the direction of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fishery. In addition, it is necessary to increase the number of employees, as well as to guarantee employee safety while carrying out supervisory duties.